France, origin of the name of,18;condition of, during reign of Louis XIV.,34;the sources of peril of,264;the three parties in,267;invaded by the Allies in 1792,276;utter confusion in,428.Francis II. ascends the throne of Austria,246.François, a baker, hung by the mob,167.Franklin (Benjamin), effect of his simplicity upon the French,61.Fraternity the watch-word of the masses,47;this principle the soul of the Revolution,47.Frederick II. of Prussia, friendship of, for Voltaire,49.Free institutions supported by education,46.French Academy established,27.Gamin, master blacksmith to the king,65;account by, of the king's character,65.Garde du Corps, conflict of, with the people,161.Gaul, its appearance in ancient times,17;subjugation of, by Cæsar,17;the home of war and tumult,18.Generosity of the king and others,152.Genius, inability of, to efface ignoble birth,45.Girondists, cause of the name of,246;joy of the, on the Republic being proclaimed,309;plot to assassinate the,332;the, arrested,337;brought before the Revolutionary tribunal,353;condemnation of the,354;last supper of the,355;execution of the,356.Goguelat (M. de), shot by the National Guard,206."Golden age of kings," the,29.Government, its desire to keep the people poor,50;the, of the National Assembly established,127.Grenelle, attack on the camp at,417.Grenoble, Parliament at, refuses to surrender to thelettres de cachet,75.Guard, National, formed and placed under command,126.Guards, the French, protect the people,110;refuse to acceptpardon,128.Guillotin (Dr.), proposes the use of his instrument,173.Gustavus III. (of Sweden), assassination of,247.Hebert, the leader in Paris,364;downfall and death of,365.Hebertists, execution of the,365.Henriot, arrest of,383.Henry (of Bourbon), death of,27.Henry III., the last of the Valois, death of,27.Henry IV. ascends the throne,27;character of his reign,27;death of,27.Holland, the Allies driven from,394.Hugh Capet seizes the French throne,24.Hungary, war declared against, by France,249.Imprisonment, horrors of, in the Bastille,54.Infidel writers during reign of Louis XV.,42.Infidelity becomes the fashion, and why,48.Insult to the deputies of the people,86.Insurrection, cause of failure of the,46;reason for,46;planned against the National Convention,400.Intellect, if of the lower class, thought lightly of,45.Invasion, the fear of, arms France,142.Ireland, hatred of the people of, against England,418;expedition to,419.Iron chest, building of the,252.Isnard (Monsieur), speech of, on the Austrian war,249.Italian campaign, the victories of the,421.Italy, the campaign in,415.Jacobin Club, demand of, for the deposition of the king,227;present their mandate to the Assembly,228;their resolve to dethrone the king,277;become the dominant power in France,295;club-house of the, closed,394.Jacobins, origin of the,75;arrive at the summit of their power,214;the influence of the,225.Jacquerie, insurrection of the,26.Jefferson (Thomas), opinion of, on the condition of the French,52;letter of, to Mr. Jay, on the States-General,81;probably aided in composition of Bill of Rights,107;assists in preparing the Declaration of Rights,147;remarks of, upon the questions of the day,154;opinion of, concerning Louis XVI.,329.Jemappes, battle of,310.Jeunesse Dorée, rise of the band of,390.Joseph II. of Austria, reply of, upon the subject of the American War of Independence,61.Josephine Beauharnais imprisoned in Paris,378.Judges bought their offices and sold their decisions,49.King. SeeLouis XVI.Kleber, victories of, on the Upper Rhine,395.Laclos, editor of the Jacobin Journal,225.La Fayette (Marquis de), advocates the American War of Independence,61;his boldness at the Assembly of Notables,67;joins the National Assembly,101;vice-president of National Assembly,106;presents the Assembly with the Bill of Rights,107;made commander of the National Guard,126;informs the Parisians of the king's speech,126;attempt of, to save Foulon,136;makes the Declaration of Rights,147;danger of,150;popularity of, declines,155;his knowledge of the royalist plots,156;saves the palace from destruction,161;presents and reconciles the queen to the people,163;ensures the safety of the queen's guard,163;confidence of, in the people,183;takes the oath of fidelity,183;accused by the people of treason,210;issues an order for arrest of the king,210;assumption of power by,210;boldness of, in rescuing d'Aumont,211;interview of, with Desmoulins,213;insult to, by the queen,220;unpopularity of,226;dispersion of the Jacobin mob by,228;aversion of the queen toward,240;resigns the command of the National Guard,243;his speech to the Assembly on the outrages of 20th of June,263;burned in effigy,264;his plan for saving the king,271;calumniated by orders of the queen,273;denounced as a traitor,280;arrested and imprisoned at Olmutz,297.La Force, prison of, broken open,115.La Pérouse, instructions for his voyage framed,58.La Vendée, rise of the Royalists in,332;insurrection at, crushed,342;horrible executions in,343.Lamballe (Princess), trial and execution of,303.Lamotte, Comtesse,72.Land, proportion owned by the tax-payers,50;difficulty of purchasing,52.Latude, his imprisonment,56;account of his captivity,57.Launey (M. de), character of,118.Lebrun appointed minister of foreign affairs,290.Lefebvre (Abbé), distributes powder to the people,117.Légendre, attempt of, to save Danton,367.Legislative Assembly, formation of the,237;measures of the, against the non-conforming priests,243.See alsoAssembly.Legislature, how should it be constituted?148.Leopold, death of,246.See alsoAustria.Lepelletier, assassination of,330.Letters, anonymous, to Louis XV.,41;men of, regarded as curiosities,46.Lettres de cachet, blank, filled up by the king's favorites,53;number issued during the reign of Louis XV.,55;ease with which they were obtained,55;abolished by the National Assembly,236.Liancourt (Duke of), midnight interview of, with the king,123.Libertines still infidels, but not openly,47.Literature and art, state of, during reign of Louis XIV.,33.Loan, one hundred millions of dollars on people alone,69.Louis Capet. SeeLouis XVI.Louis Philippe, poverty of,334;prediction of Danton to,507.Louis XIII., his reign,27.Louis XIV., death of,33;state of society during his reign,25;character of,29.Louis XV., marriage of,38;length of the reign of,38;political reasons of, for countenancing Voltaire,49;one hundred and fifty thousandlettres de cachetduring the reign of,55;death of,57.Louis XVI., absolute power of,53;character of,58;commencement of, as king,58;appointment of his ministers,59;love of, for blacksmiths' work,65;orders Parliament to register decree taxing all lands alike,68;banishes Parliament to Troyes,69;banishes the Duke d'Orleans,70;decrees an equal representation in States-General,79;orders Brézé not to molest the National Assembly,100;character of, by M. Bailly,111;midnight interview of Duke of Liancourt with,123;visits and explains himself to the Assembly,124;conducted in triumph to the palace,125;his loss of power,127;recalls Necker,128;visits the Parisians,129;accepts the acts of the people,130;accepts the tricolored cockade,130;reception of, by the French people,131;gives money to the poor,133;decides to obey the people,162;walks alone among the people,166;rumors of attempts to carry off,175;visit of, to the Assembly,175;speech of, at the Assembly,176;takes the oath to the people,184;effect of the death of Mirabeau upon,195;intentions of, relating to flight,196;surrounded by the National Guards,197;flight of,198;discovered by Drouet,200;arrested at Varennes,201;appearance of, after arrest,204;influence of the appearance of,207;carried back to Paris,208;prophetical exclamation of,208;injudicious memorial of,212;return of, to Paris from Varennes,215;entrance of, into Paris,218;offers a declaration of the object of his leaving Paris,221;presentation of the Constitution to,231;cordial assent of, to the Constitution,232;takes the oath to support the Constitution,232;reception of, by the Assembly,234;experience of, in the variableness of the mob,234;remarks of, to Bertrand de Moleville,236;the Assembly addressed by,238;proclamation of, to the emigrants at Coblentz,242;letter of, to Louis Stanislas Xavier,242;his protection of the non-conforming priests,243;speech of, to the Assembly,244;declares war against Austria,246;speech of, to the Assembly on the demands of Austria,249;deplorable dejection of,254;character of, described by the queen,267;plans for the escape of,271;his silk breast-plate,275;petitions for his dethronement,280;insulted in the garden,283;takes refuge with the National Assembly,285;suspended by the National Assembly,289;a prisoner,292;taken to the Temple,294;insults of, at the Temple,311;summoned to appear before the Revolutionary Tribunal,315;trial of,316;anecdote concerning,317;informed of his condemnation,324;his last interview with his family,325;his bequests,326;his execution,329.Louis XVII. SeeDauphin.Louis XVIII. (Count of Provence), reply of, to the letter of the king to,242.Lourtalot (Monsieur), incites to the rescue of the soldiers,104.Lyons captured by the Revolutionists,342;rising of the Royalists at,398.Maillard, his judicial labors at the prison of Abbaye,303.Mailly (Madame de), favorite of Louis XV.,38.Malesherbes, execution of,360.Marat (Jean Paul), his advice to the people,105;opinion of, concerning National Assembly,146;desires to abrogate the death penalty,173;speech of, to the Jacobin Club,214;trial and victory of,335;assassination of,338;bust of, thrown into the mud,398.Marceau, death of,414.Maria, wife of Louis XV.,38.Maria Theresa a prisoner,292;taken to the Temple,294;liberation of,351;marriage and death of,352.Marie Antoinette, education of,58;her position,71;at Trianon, her troubles,72;accused of adultery with the Count d'Artois,72;involved with Comtesse Lamotte in the public estimation,72;intrusts her son to the nobility,100;effect of seeing the tricolor worn by the king,132;takes the oath of fidelity,185;plans the escape of the king,197;flight of,198,199;arrested at Varennes,201;indignation of, at the disrespect shown to the king,203;pleads with the mayor's wife,206;insult of, to La Fayette,220;respect of, for popular rights,234;anguish of, at the disrespect shown the king,238;her hatred of La Fayette,240;attempt to assassinate,266;her opinion of the king's character,267;adventures of, in the mob of 20th of June,287;the dauphin ordered to be taken from,346;taken to the Conciergerie,347;trial of,348;condemnation and letter of, to her sister,349;execution of,350.Marly, palace of,35.Massat, imprisonment of, in the Bastille,56.Masses, wretchedness of the,47;their condition during the reign of Louis XV.,52.Memorial of the king on leaving Paris,212.Mercenaries, foreign, collected in Paris,104.Merovingian dynasty, the,18.Mirabeau, his course to identify himself with the people,80;character of,80;his expulsion from the Parliament,80;his aspect at the States-General,86;his formal "Letters to my Constituents,"87;speech of, upon the dissolution,99;compares American and English revolutions with that of France,102;speech of, concerning the movements of the army,106;his position in the Assembly,107;instruction to, of the deputy to the king,124;opposes the amnesty,139;how regarded by the Parisians,149;his motives explained,152;supports the confiscation of church property,171;defends the Convention from the charge of usurpation,174;physical condition of,189;interview of, with the queen,189;plans of, to overturn the Constitution,190;opposition of, to law against emigration,191;plot of, for the king's escape,192;death of,193;funeral of,194.Mob becomes fast and furious,168;actions of the, on the20th of June, 1792,255.Moleville (Bertrand de), remarks of, on the Assembly,235.Molière, his reception at the Courtiers' table,45.Monarchy supported by the Papacy,48.Monge appointed minister of the marine,290.Monopolists, hatred of the people against,134.Montesquieu explains the national policy to the people,47.Moors, incursions of the, into France,20.Napoleon. SeeBonaparte.National bankruptcy described,63.National Guard formed,126;losing influence,150;dispersion of a mob by the,229.Necker, appointment of, as minister of finance,60;policy of,60;his position and struggles,62;his "Compte rendu au Roi" and its effect,63;recommends formation of provincial parliaments,63;his measures and their reception,64;recalled,77;effects upon the people of his recall,77;applauded by the people for refusing to attend the royal sitting,100;remarks of, on the conspiracy of the nobles against the National Assembly,102;his advice disregarded,107;dismissal of,108;recalled,128;return of, to Paris,138;resignation of,189.Nemours (Duke of), his accusation and punishment,54.Noailles (Viscount de), services of,139;arm of the, rejected by the queen,220.Nobility, their doctrine regarding the lower class,45;hereditary, state of society which abolishes,46;much dissatisfied with the decree of equality of representation,79;triumph of the,96,97;ordered by the king to join the National Assembly,101;dissatisfaction of the, with the Assembly,101;conspiracy of the, to overturn Assembly,102;yield their feudal rights,140;plots of the,156;religion of the,170;plans of the,191.See alsoNobles.