‘Advance, The, of the Mind of Man’ (Turgot),208‘Advantages, The, of Christianity’ (Turgot),208‘Advice of a Proscribed Father, The’ (Condorcet),291Aine, Madame d’,54,123,131,132,136Alembert, Jean Lerond d’,45,47,72,124-5,133,136,199,213,269,271,275;birth and parentage,2-4;at Madame Rousseau’s,4-6;education,6-8;mathematical studies,8-9;publishes ‘Treatise on Dynamics’ and ‘Theory of Winds,’10;death of his mother,10;acquaintance with Diderot,11;writes ‘Preface’ to Encyclopædia,12-13;offered Presidency of Berlin Academy,13-14;member of the French Academy,14;visits Voltaire,15;writes ‘Geneva,’15-16;retires from Encyclopædia,16-17;publishes ‘Elements of Philosophy,’17;visits Berlin,18;his attachment to Mlle. de Lespinasse,18-23;theirsalon,23-24;publishes ‘History of the Destruction of the Jesuits,’25;second visit to Voltaire,25-26;made Perpetual Secretary of Academy,26;illness and death of Mlle. de Lespinasse,27-23;his unhappiness and death,29-30;his work and character,30-31‘Appeal to the French Citizens’ (Condorcet),284-5Argental, Comte d’,113Artois, Comte d’,253,262‘Banise’(Grimm),152‘Barber of Seville, The’ (Beaumarchais),247-50,261-2Beaumarchais, Caron de, birth and early life,236-7;first marriage,238;at Court,238-40;visits Spain,240-1;produces ‘Eugénie,’241;second marriage,241-2;the Goezman lawsuit and ‘Memoirs,’243-6;acts as secret agent,246-7;produces ‘Barber of Seville,’247-50;edits Voltaire’s Works,250;various employments,251;advertises ‘Figaro,’252;produces it at Gennevilliers,253-4;and at the Comédie,254-60;imprisoned in St. Lazare,261;sees ‘Barber of Seville’ at Trianon,261-2;quarrels with Mirabeau,263;third marriage,263;his part in the Revolution,263-6;produces ‘Guilty Mother,’266;death and character,266-7Beaumarchais, Madame (Mme. Francquet),237-8Beaumarchais, Madame (Mme. Lévêque),241-2Beaumarchais, Madame (Mlle. Willermaula),263,266Beaumarchais, Mademoiselle Eugénie,263,266Bergasse (lawyer),263Bernis, Cardinal de,33,269Blache, Comte de la,243,244‘Blind, Letter on the’ (Diderot),41,42Brienne, Loménie de,208,209,210Bueil, Comtesse de,172,173,174Buffon, Comte de,127,200Cabanis, Doctor,204,295,296Catherine the Great,18,56-8,158,168-70,171,174Charles Edward Stuart, Prince,182-3Châtelet, Madame du,42,180Chaulnes, Duc de,243Choiseul, Duc de,69,70,73,83‘Christianity Unveiled’ (d’Holbach),140-1Cicé, Abbé de,208,209,224Clavijo,240-1‘Clergy, The Mind of the’ (d’Holbach),141‘Commentary on Horace’ (Galiani),73,94‘Commentary on Pascal’ (Condorcet),272Condorcet, Mademoiselle de,277,291-2,296-7Condorcet, Marquis de,24,25,29,30,196,199,221-2;his position and birth,268;education,269-270;character,270-1;visits Voltaire,271-2;made Secretary of Academy of Sciences,272-3;work with Turgot,274;member of French Academy,275;marriage,275-7;as Women’s Rights champion,277;as a politician,278-9;at the trial of Louis XVI.,280-3;writes ‘Appeal’ and is proscribed,284-6;in hiding,286-292;writes ‘Progress of Human Mind,’ &c.,289-91;his wanderings,292-5;arrest and death,295;work and character,297-8Condorcet, Marquise de (Mlle. de Grouchy),275-7,285-6,287-8,289,296-7‘Corn Trade, Dialogues on the’ (Galiani),62,68,86-90,226‘Corn Trade, Letters on the’ (Turgot),226‘Counsels to a Young Man’ (Vauvenargues),103,111Daubinière, Madame,85,93Dazincourt (actor),255,261Deffand, Madame du,18-19,195Destouches, General,3,4,6‘Destruction of the Jesuits, History of the’ (d’Alembert),25,133Diderot, Angélique.SeeVandeul, Mme. deDiderot, Denis,11,17,30,88,125,128,130,131,138,143,163,165,168,170,191-2,199,202;education,32-3;early life in Paris,34-6;marriage,37-8; episode of Mme. Puisieux,39;writes ‘Essay on Merit and Virtue’ and ‘Philosophical Thoughts,’39;birth of his daughter,40;writes ‘Letter on the Blind,’41;prisoner in Vincennes,42-3;works at Encyclopædia,43-8;miscellaneous labours,49-51;episode of Mlle. Volland,51;visitssalons,52-3;visits Grandval,53-6;produces plays,56;visits Catherine the Great,56-8;sees Voltaire,58-9;illness and death,60-1;estimate of his work and character,61Diderot, Madame (Mlle. Anne Toinette Champion),36-9,40-1,51,60-1‘Dynamics, Treatise on’ (d’Alembert),10‘Elements of Philosophy’ (d’Alembert),17,72Encyclopædia, The,11-13,14,15-17,43-8,56,121,133,150,213‘Épinay, Correspondence with Madame d’ (Galiani),68Épinay (Madame d’),52-3,79-80,93,125,163-7,172‘Eugénie’ (Beaumarchais),241‘Existence’ (Turgot),133,213‘Fame and Pleasure, Discourses on’ (Vauvenargues),103‘Father of the Family, The’ (Diderot),56Fel, Mademoiselle (opera dancer),150-1,166‘Figaro, The Marriage of’ (Beaumarchais),252-60Franklin, Benjamin,129-30,204Frederick the Great,10,13-14,17-18,88,144,156,158,167-8,202Fréron, Élie (journalist),88Frise, or Frisen, Comte de,153,155Galiani, Abbé,125,130,135-6,144,148;his characteristics,62-3;birth and education,63-4;at the Academy of Naples,64-5;literary work,65;religion,66;posts and pensions,67-8;appointed Secretary in Paris,68-9;his reception there,70-1;his popularity,71-3;as a conversationalist,73-4;at thesalons,74-80;his wit,81-2;his work,82-3;visits London,83-4;recalled to Naples,84-6;publishes ‘Dialogues on Corn Trade,’86-7;its reception,87-90;life at Naples,90-3;friendship with Mme. d’Épinay,93;illness and death,94-5;his mission,95Galiani, Bernard,63-4,92Galiani, Celestin,63-4,67Garrick, David,55,56,129‘Geneva’ (d’Alembert),15-16,47Geoffrin, Madame,52,66,74-5,127-8‘Goezman Memoirs’ (Beaumarchais),241,243-6‘Good Sense’ (d’Holbach),147Graffigny, Madame de,183-4,211-12Grimm, Melchior,49,52-3,58,71,79,88,125,130,144-5;his love affair with Mlle. Fel,150-1;birth and early life,151-2;character,152-4;life in Paris,154-5;his ‘Literary Correspondence,’156-63;his attachment to Mme. d’Épinay,163-6;visits Geneva,166-7;and Frederick the Great,167-8;and England,168;and the Russian Court,168-70;corresponds with Catherine the Great,171;his conduct in the Revolution,172-3;last years and death,174-5;his mission,175‘Guilty Mother, The’ (Beaumarchais),264,266‘Happiness’(Helvétius),180,204Helvétius, Claude Adrien,91,127,212;his family and education,176-8;life in Paris,178-9;visits Voltaire,180;relations with Montesquieu,181;his charities,182;assists Prince Charles Edward,182-3;meets and marries Mlle. de Ligniville,183-5;his life and good works at Voré,185-92;his book ‘On the Mind,’192-4;effects of its publication,195-9;hissalonin Paris,199-200;visits England,201-2;and Frederick the Great,202;his book ‘On Man,’202-3;declining years,203;death,204;his work and position,204-5Helvétius, Madame (Mlle. de Ligniville),183-92,197,199-200,203-4,212Holbach, Baron d’,53,55,56,76-7,155;his position in the eighteenth century,118;and among Voltaire’s friends,119;early life,120-1;marriage,121;salonin the Rue Royale,121-2;life and society at Grandval,122-138;visit to England,138-9;opinion of the English,139-40;publishes ‘Christianity Unveiled,’140-1;and ‘The System of Nature,’141-4;its reception,144-5;its philosophy,145-6;publishes other books,147;his last years and death,148-9;his character in contrast to his book,149Holbach, Madame d’,121,123,131,136-7Hope (Père Hoop),123-4,130Houdetot, Madame d’,125-6,164-5Hume, David,55,56,83,128,182,200,201‘Imaginary Socrates, The’ (Galiani),92‘Instincts and Habitual Tastes of Man, The’ (Galiani),92‘Integral Calculus, Essay on’ (Condorcet),269-70‘Introduction to the Knowledge of the Human Mind’ (Vauvenargues),111‘Junius, Letter of, to William Pitt’ (Condorcet),290-1‘Justice and Virtue, Letter on’ (Condorcet),269‘Justification, The’ (Condorcet),288,289La Harpe, Jean François de,156,264Le Breton (publisher),43,48Lespinasse, Mademoiselle de,18-24,27-28‘Literary Correspondence, The’ (Grimm and Diderot),49,53,79,150,156-63,170Louis XV.,16-17,69,70,83,237,239,242,246Louis XVI.,224,225,226,227,228-9,231-2,233,252-3,260-1,278,280-3Louis XVIII.,231Malesherbes,195,231-2‘Man, On’ (Helvétius),202-3,204Marie Antoinette,225,230-1,232,233,245,246,253,261-2,274-5Marmontel, Jean François,112,113,127Maurepas, Comte de,224,225,226,231‘Meditation on Faith’ (Vauvenargues),103,109,111Meister (Grimm’s helper),163,170‘Merit and Virtue, Essay on’ (Diderot),39‘Mind, On the’ (Helvétius),127,193-9,202-3,204-5Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré, Comte de,263Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de,97-8,100-1Molé (actor),255Molin, Doctor,4,11‘Money, Essay on’ (Galiani),65,67Montesquieu,181Morellet, Abbé,88-9,125,199-200,208,210‘Natural Son, The’ (Diderot),56,241Necker (Jacques),75-6,227-8,274Necker (Madame),52,75-6‘Paper Money, Letter on’ (Turgot),208Paris-Duverney (financier),240,241,243‘Philosophical Thoughts, The’ (Diderot),39,41‘Physical Degradation of the Royal Races, Essay on the’ (Condorcet),291‘Polish Exile, Letter of a’ (Condorcet),291Pompadour, Madame de,155,178Porée, Père,177‘Portable Theology’ (d’Holbach),141‘Preface, The’ (d’Alembert),12,13,31,45‘Priests Unmasked’ (d’Holbach),141‘Progress of the Human Mind, History of the’ (Condorcet),289-90,291,296‘Prophet, The Little, of Boehmischbroda’ (Grimm),155Puisieux, Madame,39-40,43‘Rameau’s Nephew’ (Diderot),61Raynal, Abbé,127,129,151,156,157‘Reflections’ (Vauvenargues),111Rousseau, Jean Jacques,16,43,47,126-7,128,133,151,154,164-6,196,199Rousseau, Madame,5-6Saint-Lambert, Marquis de,72,126,164-5Sarret,287,292Saxe-Gotha, Duchess of,153,156,158,167‘Seneca, Life of’ (Diderot),53‘Social System, The’ (d’Holbach),147Sterne, Laurence,55,56,85,128Suard, J. B.,156,293-4Suard, Madame,293-4‘System of Nature, The’ (d’Holbach),141-7,149‘Tarare’(Beaumarchais),263Tencin, Madame de,3-4,6,10-11,178Tercier (press censor),194,197Terrai, Abbé,225‘Theory of Winds, Treatise on the’ (d’Alembert),10Theriot,156Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques,89-90,125,133,136,184,195-6,204,273-4,275;his character and work,206-7;birth and education,207-8;at the Sorbonne,208-10;at Madame de Graffigny’s,211-12;visits Voltaire,213-14;as Intendant of Limoges,214-24;Minister of Marine,224-5;Controller-General,225-32;his dismissal,232-3;last years and death,233-4;position among Voltaire’s friends,235‘Turgot, Life of’ (Condorcet),221-222,275‘Universal Morality’ (d’Holbach),147Vandeul, Madame de (Angélique Diderot),40-1,57,59,60Vaudreuil, Comte de,253,261Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de, character of his writing,96;birth and education,97-8;as a soldier,98-100;campaign in Bohemia,101-2;invalided,103-4;friendship with Voltaire,104-7;settles in Paris,107-8;his philosophy,108-11;his book,111-13;friends in Paris,113-14;illness and death,115-17Vergniaud, Pierre,221,288Vernet, Madame,286,287,289,291,292,294Volland, Mademoiselle,51,52,54,59‘Volland, Letters to Mademoiselle’ (Diderot),54,61,130,138Voltaire, Arouet de,1,17,62,96-7,225-6,233,250,260;visited by d’Alembert,15,25-6;friendship with Diderot,41-255,58-9;opinion of Galiani’s ‘Dialogues,’87;friendship with Vauvenargues,104-7,113-14;opinion of Vauvenargues’ ‘Maxims,’112-13;of d’Holbach’s ‘System of Nature,’144,146;and of Grimm’s ‘Little Prophet,’155;visited by Grimm and Mme. d’Épinay,166;friendship with Helvétius,179-80;opinion of his book ‘On the Mind,’196,198-9;visited by Turgot,213-214,234;opinion of Beaumarchais,242;and of the ‘Goezman Memoirs,’245;visited by Condorcet,271-2Walpole, Horace,129,135‘Wealth, Reflections on the Reformation and Distribution of’ (Turgot),222Wilkes, John,55,56,129,247