APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.The main object of my journey eastward was the collection and introduction of beautiful new plants to the Veitchian Collection at Chelsea. Botanical specimens were obtained and preserved whenever practicable, as also were birds and other objects of natural history. I was fortunate in adding about fifty new species of ferns to the lists of those already collected in Borneo, and of this number, as will be seen from the following report, about twenty were absolutely new to science. Perhaps the greatest good fortune which attended my exertions was the introduction alive of the Giant Pitcher Plant of Kina Balu (Nepenthes Rajah, Hook. f.). This wonderful plant and its geographical allies were discovered in 1851 by Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., and were figured and described by Sir Joseph D. Hooker,K.C.S.I., in Vol. xxii. of theTransactionsof the Linnæan Society. Mr. Low made repeated journeys to Kina Balu from Labuan, but unfortunately failed in his endeavours to introduce these fine plants to European gardens in a living state. Mr. Thos. Lobb, one of the most successful of all Eastern plant hunters, attempted to reach the habitat of these plants in 1856, but was prevented by the natives. These plants are very remarkable, and, so far as is at present known, exist only on this one mountain in Borneo.PINANGA VEITCHII.PINANGA VEITCHII.Nepenthes bicalcarata, the “Two-spurred Pitcher Plant,” was also for the first time introduced alive, and is very remarkable, its pitchers being armed in a really formidable way, and the swollen stalks of its urns are perforated by a species of ant in a singular manner.NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.Of palms a beautiful species of areca, having gracefully arched leaves and vermilion-coloured sheaths, was introduced alive, as also a very attractive dwarf species of pinanga (P. Veitchii, H. Wend.), the bifurcate fans of which are purple below and glaucous-green above, blotched with brown. Aroids are plentiful in the shady Bornean forests, the species in some cases being extremely local in theirdistribution. Of the new genera discovered two have very pretty spathes, and if they can be successfully cultivated will prove very interesting and ornamental stove plants.Piptospatha insignis, N. E. Br., a pretty little “rock arad,” found on sandstone boulders in the beds of mountain streams, has a tuft of lance-shaped leaves and dainty white spathes tipped with pink.Gamagyne Burbidgei, N. E. Br., is a plant of larger growth, being a foot high but otherwise of similar habit. The spathes are of a bright rose colour. This plant grows beside mountain streams in positions where the passing water laves its roots.Amongst new species of aroideæ may be mentioned the sub-aquaticCryptocoryne caudata, N. E. Br., which has heart-shaped bullate leaves of a dark green colour, the spathe being terminated with a long tail, which reminds one of the same appendages in the arisæmas of the Himalayas. Three or four new species of alocasia were found, the remarkable beingA. scabriuscula,A. guttata, andA. pumila.Pothos ceratocaulis, a fresh green climbing species, was also introduced alive, and is a plant of distinct marcgraavia-like habit. Specimens ofSchismatoglottisandChamæcladonare at present undetermined. A singular new asclepiadaceous genus (Astrostruma spartioides, Benth.), was discovered growing as an epiphyte on forest trees in Labuan, and in dry woods near the sea at the northern point of the last-named island, the remarkable littleMicrostylis Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was found. One of my first discoveries in Borneo itself was the new zingiberaceous genusBurbidgea(B. nitida, Hook, f.), and other novelties wereDendrobium cerinum,Cypripedium Lawrencianum, andBolbophyllum Leysianum, a highly curious plant. A fine newBolbophyllumwas introduced alive to Chelsea from the Tampassuk river (B. Petreianum, Burb. MS.), which I propose shall bearthe name of my whilom travelling companion, P. C. M. Veitch, Esq.Rhododendron stenophyllum, andNepenthes Burbidgei, Hook. f., were two of the more remarkable of the new plants from Kina Balu itself, where also the gigantic mossDawsonia superbawas collected at an altitude of 6,000 feet, these specimens being, as Mr. Mitten informs me, the first obtained northwards of New Zealand,The three native courts of Jahore, Brunei, and Sulu were visited, and I was enabled to make extended excursions into the interior of the main island of Sulu itself. In Borneo the flora was remarkable for endemic Malasian species, intermixed more especially at high altitudes with Indian (Rhododendra) and Australian (Dacrydium,Phyllocladus,Drosera, etc.) types. In Sulu both the flora and fauna showed, as was to be expected, a marked resemblance to those of the Philippine and Celebes groups. My collections in Sulu comprised new ferns, rare mosses, and several beautiful new orchids, includingPhalænopsis Marie,Dendrobium Burbidgei(which is mainly remarkable as being similar to theD. d’Albertisiidiscovered about the same time in New Guinea). Here also the lovely pink-blossomedAerides Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was obtained, and several other species and varieties at present unnamed.The Sulu voyage was in many ways enjoyable, but especially as being to a virgin land botanically and ornithologically, and I must here take the opportunity of acknowledging my obligations to Captain W. C. Cowie, of the steamshipFar East, who gave me every accommodation during the voyage from Labuan, and while we lay in the little harbour at Meimbong. As will be seen, my ornithological discoveries in Sulu were a new species of jungle cock (Gallus stramineicollis), and a new paroquet (TanygnanthusBurbidgei).Sarcops Lowiiwas also obtained in Sulu, and the newBuchanga stigmatopsfrom Kina Balu. No special endeavours were made in obtaining birds, only such species being shot as came in the way while I was searching the forest and mountain sides for plants.The first expedition to the great mountain of Kina Balu was made in company with P. C. M. Veitch, Esq., who joined me on his return from an extended tour in Australia and the Fiji islands. The journey was a critical and tedious one, as we walked every inch of the way from Gaya Bay to the mountain, and back again to the coast,viâthe Koung, Kalawat and Bawang villages. We were successful in finding all the large species of nepenthes in one locality on the mountain for the first time, and in addition a distinct variety ofN. Edwardsianawith shorter thick-winged pitchers, which it is possible may prove to be a natural hybrid betweenN. EdwardsianaandN. villosa.My acknowledgments are due to Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., H.M. Resident in Perak, who, when he heard of my intention of ascending the mountain, very kindly sent me information as to the localities on Kina Balu where the nepenthes and other rare plants are found. To H. E. William Hood Treacher, H.M. Administrator of Labuan, and to the Hon. Dr. Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon of the same island, I shall always be grateful for the practical help afforded me during my expedition, and for the open-handed hospitality they extended to a wandering stranger by chance thrown in their way.LIST OF FERNS COLLECTED IN BORNEO.The following is an abridged account of my specimens of ferns, as written by Mr. J. G. Baker,F.R.S., and published in theJournal of Botany, 1879, p. 37:—The following is a complete list of the species gathered, which were all obtained in the neighbourhood of Labuan and Kina Balu. To the new species I have prefixed numbers, showing the position in which they fall, according to the sequence followed in our “Synopsis Filicum;” and I have marked with a * the names of those which, so far as I am aware, have not been gathered in the island before. I may mention that a complete catalogue of the ferns of Borneo was published in 1876 by Baron Vincent de Cesati, with a special account, with figures of some of the novelties, of those gathered by Professor Beccari.*Gleichenia circinata, Sw., var.borneensis, Baker.Gleichenia dichotoma, Hook.*Gleichenia vestita, Blume, var.palacea, Baker.Alsophila glabra, Hook.?Alsophila latebrosa, Hook.59.*Alsophila Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp. Allied toA. latebrosa,OldhamiandWallacei.Hymenophyllum Blumeanum, Spreng.*Hymenophyllum Smithii, Hook. The plant so called in Cesati’s list proved to beTrichomanes denticulatum, Baker.*Hymenophyllum sabinæfolium, Baker.Hymenophyllum Neesii, Hook.*Hymenophyllum formosum, Brack.*Hymenophyllum obtusum, Hook. Gathered lately in New Guinea by Beccari.Trichomanesfilicula, Bory.Trichomanes pallidum, Blume.Trichomanes digitatum, Sw. Two different forms, one lengthened out, with remote branches, the other short, with close branches.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes pyxidiferum, Linn. A handsome variety, with unusually compound rather crisped fronds.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.*Trichomanes apiifolium, Presl.Trichomanes hispidulum, Mett. This was only known before from a single sheet of specimens in the Kew herbarium, gathered by Thos. Lobb.Trichomanes fœniculaceum, Bory.Trichomanes Pluma, Hook. We did not know the definite station of Lobb’s specimens, from which this was described and figured by Hooker. Beccari has gathered it near Sarawak.Trichomanes trichophyllum, Moore. With the last, with which I am now inclined to think it will prove to be conspecific.Davallia angustata, Wall.Davallia heterophylla, Smith.Davallia parvula, Wall.Davallia luzonica, Hook.*Davallia contigua, Sw.*Davallia Emersoni, Hook and Grev.Davallia pedata, Sm.*Davallia ciliata, Hook.Davallia elegans, Sw.Davallia Speluncæ, Baker.Davallia tenuifolia, Sw.49.*Davallia(Eudavallia)Veitchii,Baker, n. sp.—A well-marked plant, reminding one in cutting and habit of the barren fronds ofOnychium japonicumorauratum.5.*Lindsaya jamesonioides,Baker, n. sp.—A most distinct novelty, with the habit ofAspleniumtrichomanesorJamesonia imbricata.7.*Lindsaya crispa,Baker, n. sp.—Habit of the small tender forms ofAdiantum caudatum, but the fronds neither at all hairy nor rooting at the tip.*Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya borneensis, Hook.Lindsaya trapeziformis, Dry.*Lindsaya flabellulata, Dry.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Lindsaya ensifolia, Sw.Lindsaya divergens, Wall.*Adiantum diaphanum, Blume.*Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw.Pteris aquilina, L.Pteris semipinnata, L.Pteris quadriaurita, Betz., var.digitata, Baker. A digitate form, like the IndianP. Grevilleana, Wall., but the barren and fertile fronds not dimorphic. The texture firmer than usual. The rachis with a broad wing, as inP. biaurata, and the veins crowded and obscure.*Lomaria procera, Spreng.Asplenium Nidus, L.Asplenium tenerum, Forst.Asplenium squamulatum, Blume.*Asplenium caudatum, Forst.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium laserpitiifolium, Lam.Asplenium affine, Sw.Asplenium dichotomum, Hook. Kina Balu. The only known station. The plant has been twice gathered previously.203.*Asplenium(Diplazium)porphyrorachis,Baker.—This is the plant described by Sir W. Hooker from a single barren frond without fruit gathered by Mr. A. R. Wallace, asPolypodium subserratum(Hook. and Baker, Syn. Fil., p. 325). InAspleniumthat specific name is already occupied. Of the present plantA. zeylanicum, Hook., is the only near ally. The same species was gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak.*Asplenium porrectum, Wall.*Asplenium tomentosum, Hook.207.*Asplenium(Diplazium)xiphophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—Comes nearA. pallidum,porrectum, andcultratum.*Asplenium latifolium, Don.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.*Didymochlæna lunulata, Desv.*Aspidium aculeatum, Sw.*Nephrodium calcaratum, Hook.*Nephrodium pteroides, J. Sm.*Nephrodium unitum, R. Br.*Nephrodium cucullatum, Baker.*Nephrodium, nearpennigerum? Probably new, but specimens not complete enough to characterise it.Nephrodium molle, Desv.*Nephrodium Haenkeanum, Presl.*Nephrodium singaporianum, Baker.Nephrodium ternatum, Baker. A fine series of specimens of this endemic species.219.*Nephrodium(Sagenia)nudum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toN. pachyphyllum, Baker.*Nephrodium polymorphum, Baker.Nephrolepis volubilis, J. Sm.Polypodium Barberi, Hook.Polypodium urophyllum, Wall. A variety with many of the sori confluent.91.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)minimum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied to the AndineP. Sprucei, Hook., and MascarenP. Gilpinæandsynsorum, Baker.131.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp.—Habit and texture ofDavallia Emersoni.Polypodium alternidens, Cesati, Fil. Born., p. 25, tab. 2, fig. 4. Of this Burbidge’s bundle contains a single specimen. It is a well-marked new species, discovered by Signor Beccari in the neighbourhood of Sarawak.*Polypodium cucullatum, Nees. A small slender form.132.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)streptophyllum,Baker,n. sp.—Allied toP. cucullatum, but the pinnæ are narrower, and reach down to the main rachis, and bear the sorus at their tip.*Polypodium minutum, Blume.*Polypodium papillosum, Blume. The plant so-called by Cesati, gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak, I hold to be quite distinct from Blume’s Javan type, and propose to call itP. Cesatianum.*Polypodium clavifer, Hook.210.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)taxodioides,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium soridens, Hook.297.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)stenopteris,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium longifolium, Mett.*Polypodium oodes, Kunze. Matches exactly Cuming’s Philippine specimens, which were all that were previously known.301.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)holophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—LikeP. oodesin rhizome, stipe and sori; differing by its smaller frond, crenulate border and flabellate veining.Polypodium acrostichoides, Forst.*Polypodium angustatum, Sw.Polypodium dipteris, Blume.Polypodium bifurcatum, Baker.Polypodium Phymatodes, L.*Polypodium ebenipes, Hook.Gymnogramma avenia, Baker.Gymnogramma borneensis, Hook.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Gymnogramma Feei, Hook.Antrophyum reticulatum, Kaulf.Vittaria debilis, Kuhn.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw. Both the type and well-marked variety,T. interrupta, H. and G.Acrostichum sorbifolium,L.*Acrostichum scandens, J. Sm.*Acrostichum subrepandum, Hook.Acrostichum drynarioides, Hook.*Acrostichum bicuspe, Hook. The typical form, which has only been once gathered before by Thomas Lobb in Java.Platycerium biforme, Blume.*Platycerium grande, A. Cunn.Schizæa malaccana, Baker.Schizæa dichotoma, Sw.Schizæa digitata, Sw.Lygodium dichotomum, Sw.Lygodium scandens, Sw.*Equisetum elongatum, Willd.Lycopodium cernuum, L.Lycopodium casuarinoides, Spreng.Lycopodium carinatum, Desv.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, L.*Lycopodium macrostachys, Hook. and Grev.*Lycopodium volubile, Forst.*Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella inæqualifolia, Spreng.*Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.*Selaginella flabellata, Spreng.*Selaginella suberosa, Spreng.Psilotum triquetrum, Sw.Psilotum complanatum, Sw. =P. Zollingeri, Cesati.It will be seen that altogether Mr. Burbidge has added above fifty species to the fern-flora of the island. His explorationquite bears out the idea that we previously entertained, that the fern-flora of the island is very rich, and that there is still a plentiful harvest to await the exploration of the interior. The added species which are not new are nearly all already known in Java and the Philippine Islands, frequently in both.REPORT ON BURBIDGE’S FERNS OF THE SULU ARCHIPELAGO.By J. G. Baker, F.R.S.,F.L.S.The Sulu Archipelago is a group of small islands lying between Borneo and the Philippines. They are for the most part under cultivation; but there are two mountains which attain an elevation of between two thousand and three thousand feet. So far as I am aware their botany is entirely unknown. The following is a full catalogue of the ferns which Mr. Burbidge gathered in the group:—38.*Cyathea suluensis,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toC. integra, J. Sm., of the Philippine Islands and Amboyna.Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Sw., var.H. formosum, Brack.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Davallia pinnata, Cav., and its varietyluzonica.Pteris quadriaurita, Retz.4.*Pteris Treacheariana,Baker, n. sp.—NearP. cretica, but much more slender and delicate in general aspect, with the lowest one to three pairs of pinnæ two to three forked. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan, whose kindness and help contributed materially to the success of his expedition.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya flabellulata, Dryand.Lindsaya lobata, Poir.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Asplenium persicifolium, J. Sm. An endemic Philippine species.Asplenium resectum, Smith.Asplenium falcatum, Lam.Asplenium hirtum, Kaulf.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium Belangeri, Kunze.Asplenium pallidum, Blume.Asplenium bantamense, Baker.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.Nephrodium melanocaulon, Baker.27.*Polypodium(Phegopteris)oxyodon,Baker, n. sp.—A very distinct plant, allied toP. caudatumof Tropical America.175.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Leysii,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toP. taxifoliumandapiculatumof Tropical America. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable Peter Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon, Labuan, who materially aided him during his residence there, and accompanied him on one of his expeditions into the interior.Polypodium albo-squamatum, Blume.Polypodium palmatum, Blume.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Antrophytum reticulatum, Kaulf.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Osmunda javanica, Blume.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, Linn.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.Selaginella conferta, Moore.Selaginella caudata, Spreng.Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.A CONTRIBUTION TO THE AVIFAUNA OF THE SULU ISLANDS.By R. Bowdler Sharpe, F.L.S.,F.Z.S., etc.Senior Assistant, Department of Zoology, British Museum.PROC. ZOOL. SOC. 1879.Part II.[Received March 18, 1879.]The present collection was formed by Mr. F. W. Burbidge during a short stay in the Sulu Islands, a most interesting locality to the ornithologist, and one of which very little is known. In my paper on Dr. Steere’s collections from the Philippines, I noticed the four species of birds as yet recorded from the Sulu Islands,1and I ought to have added the commonArtamusof the Indo-Malayan region, and a cuckoo, both recorded by Peale from Mangsi.In addition to the birds obtained by Mr. Burbidge, I have received permission from the authorities of the Oxford Museum to describe the large Bornean collections forwarded to that institution by Mr. W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan. Amongst them are a few birds from Sulu, but apparently not the result of a separate expedition, but presented to Mr. Treacher by Mr. Burbidge. To the latter gentleman I am indebted for the following notes:—“Among the birds which I saw in Sulu, but could not secure, I would particularly mention—some hornbills, seemingly the common black-and-white small kind from Labūan; a fine white harrier, with black tips to the wings (this is a distinct and handsome bird, not unfrequently seen circling over rice fields, or grassy plains); the ‘fire-backed’ pheasant; and an owl, apparently a larger and brighter-coloured edition of our common barn-owl, or screeching species. The blue, white-ringed kingfisher (Halcyon chloris) of Labūan is very common here, as is also the rufous, white-headed scavenger hawk or eagle;2and at least two other species, both larger,are to be found looking out for food near the wharf at Meimbong. Curlews are as plentiful here as in Sarawak and other parts of Borneo. I missed the nocturnal ‘chuck-chuck’ of the goat-sucker, so common in Labūan. Water-rails and a pretty blue kingfisher are not uncommon by the margin of the Meimbong river, which is close to the harbour, and is an excellent shooting-ground. Gun-boats often come here; and as the country is now readily accessible, much might doubtless be done in ornithology. Capital angling may be had in this little river; and there is a good bathing place near the town, and close to the market, where one may be entirely free from the fear of an alligator lurking about in wait for a meal. Now and then the Sultan and his court, male and female, together with all the principal people in the island, meet to enjoy the fun of pig-hunting, the wild boar being very plentiful here, together with two or three species of deer. These pigs do a good deal of damage to cultivated crops; so that now and then a regular field-day is organised, and nearly every man, pony, dog, and spear in the island are out,versus‘Piggy,’ as many as fifty of the latter being slain in a single day. There are so many kinds of sport easily attainable here, provisions of the best are so cheap, a pony may be hired for about 1s.6d.a day, and there is so much that is novel to be seen about the town and the court, that the wonder is that some traveller, fond of sport, and especially ornithology, does not take up his quarters here for a month or two—and particularly as the place is easily reached from Singapore,viâLabūan, or from Hong-Kong,viâManila.”Mr. Burbidge left England on a botanical expedition, to collect living plants; and his success in this department of natural history is well known. His chief attention having been devoted to plants, it only remains to thank him for the intelligent way in which he devoted his scanty leisure time to forming the present collection of birds.The following I believe to be a correct list of Sulu birds as at present known; and I have included the few species mentioned by Peale as procured in Mangsi by the United StatesExploring Expedition. I have also added the references to Lord Tweeddale’s recent papers on the Philippine collections of Mr. Alfred Everett, and have given the ranges of the different species in the Philippine archipelago, so as to bring the subject up to the present date.1.Cacatua hamæturopygia(P. L. S. Müll.).Cacatua hamæturophygia, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe,Tr. Linn. Soc.n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 756, 817; 1878, pp. 107, 281, 340, 379.Two specimens.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Zebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Nipar (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Butuan River, N. Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]2.Prioniturus discurus(V.).Prioniturus discurus, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 688, 756, 817; 1878, p. 379.A single specimen, agreeing with others in the British Museum from the Philippine Islands.[Luzon (Meyer, Everett); Negros (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Mindanao (Cuming, Everett, Murray); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Balabak (Steere).]3.Tanygnathus lucionensis(L.).Tanygnathus lucionensis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 133; Sharpe, Tr. Lin. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 756, 817; 1878, pp. 281, 340, 612.A single specimen, collected by Mr. Burbidge, and exactly resembling the specimens from Manilla and from Palawan in the British Museum.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (L. C. Layard, Steere, Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Steere, Everett); Malanipa (Murray); Sulu (Burbidge, Peale); Palawan (Steere, Everett).]4.Tanygnathus burbidgei, sp. n.SimilisT. muelleri,ex Celebes, sed dorso toto sordide prasino, capite flavicanti-viridi et alis omnino viridibus distinguendus.This fine new species ofTanygnathusis closely allied toT. muelleriof Celebes andT. everettiof Mindanao. It differs fromT. muelleriin having the back green instead of yellow, while thehead is yellowish green and not emerald-green; there is also no blue on the wing-coverts, the whole wing being green.The following is a full description of the bird.Adult.General colour above dark grass-green, including the hind neck, entire mantle, and scapulars; wings a little lighter green, the wing-coverts and secondaries with narrow yellow margins, the primaries blackish on the inner web, externally dark grass-green with a slight blue shade along the shaft, the first primary black shaded with blue on the outer web; entirebackand rump deep cobalt-blue; upper tail-coverts green, slightly shaded with yellow on the margins; tail-feathers dark green, with a narrow margin of yellow at the tip, the under surface of the tail golden-yellow; head yellowish green, the sides of the face also of this colour; the under-surface of the body bright grass-green, yellow on the throat and fore neck and passing into green on the breast and abdomen; under wing-coverts and under tail-coverts of the same green as the breast, with yellow margins; quills ashy blackish below. Total length 15·5 inches, culmen 1·8, wing8·6, tail 6·4, tarsus 0·65.On comparingT. burbidgeiwithT. everetti, one is struck at once by the larger size of the former and its yellowish green head, the crown being emerald-green inT. everetti, which also has the wing only 7·55 inches in length (Samar:Mus. Brit.). None of the Sulu birds, of which there are five in the collections, have the feathers of the mantle edged with blue as in the Samar individual.5.Elanus hypoleucus, Gould.Elanus hypoleucus, Sharpe, Cat. B. i. p. 338; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 142; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 757.An adult specimen: wing 11·5 inches.[Luzon (Jagor); Cebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); N.W. Borneo (Treacher).]6.Scops rufescens(Horsf.).Scops rufescens, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 102.One specimen.This bird seems to me to differ slightly from Bornean and Malaccan examples in having a much darker face, the ear-coverts shaded with black. I do not, however, propose to found a new species on a single example, and must wait for more specimens. The measurements of the Sulu bird are as follows:—Total length 7 inches, culmen 0·7, wing 4·8, tail 2·6, tarsus 0·85. It will be seen that they are a good deal inferior to those of the type ofScops mantis, as given by me in the “Catalogue.”7.Cuculus fucatus, Peale.Cuculus fucatus, Peale,U.S.Expl. Exp. Zool. 1848, p. 136.C. tenuirostris, Less.; Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 244.This cuckoo may beCuculus himalayanus, which has recently been shot in Labuan by Governor Ussher; but it is difficult to decide without seeing a specimen. At present the species is only known from the plate and description given by Peale, who procured it on the island of Mangsi.8.Artamus leucorhynchus(L.).Artamus leucorhynchus, Walden, P. Z. S. ix. p. 174; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 323; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 544, 692, 759, 826; 1878, pp. 283, 342.A.leucogaster(Valenc.); Sharpe in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 179.One specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Everett); Cebu (Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Everett,Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Mangsi (Peale).]9.Oriolus chinensis, L.Oriolus chinensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 203.O. suluensis, Sharpe, tom. cit. p. 205.Broderipus acrorhynchus(Vig.); Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 185; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 545, 694, 760, 826; 1878, pp. 110, 285, 342, 380.The receipt of three more specimens from Mr. Burbidge convinces me that the Sulu Islands bird, which I thought was a race ofO. frontalis, Wall., from the Sula Islands, is not really specifically separable from the common oriole of the Philippines, called by meOriolus chinensis, and by Lord TweeddaleBroderipus acrorhynchus. A further comparison of the series seems to show thatO. frontalisof Wallace, from the Sula Islands, is scarcely to be distinguished fromO. chinensis, the only difference being the slightly greater extent of yellow on the tail-feathers in the latter bird.[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Meyer,Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Si Butu (Low); Balabac (Steere).]10.Corone philippina(Bp.).Corone philippina, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 42; id. Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 343.Corvus philippinus, Bp.; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 201; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 548, 698, 763, 831; 1878, pp. 113, 287, 343, 381.Three specimens.[Luzon (Cuming,Meyer,Everett); Cujo (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Camiguin (Murray); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]11.Sarcops lowii.Sarcops lowii, Sharpe,l.c.p. 344.Several specimens collected by Mr. Burbidge confirm the distinctness of this species fromS. calvus.12.Osmotreron vernans(L.).Osmotreron vernans, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 210; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 764; 1878, p. 623.A female specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere).]13.Osmotreron axillaris(Gray).Osmotreron axillaris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 211; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 549, 699, 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 287.An adult specimen.[Luzon (Meyer,Everett); Guimaras (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]14.Carpophaga ænea(L.).Carpophaga ænea, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 215; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 288, 344, 623.One specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere,Everett).]15.Carpophaga pickeringi.Carpophaga pickeringi, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1854, p. 228; id. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 267, pl. xxvii; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 353.Procured by the United States Exploring Expedition in the island of Mangsi.16.Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. et Layard.Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; id. P. Z. S. 1878. p. 288.One specimen.I refer this pigeon with some hesitation toI. griseigularis, of which I have never seen a specimen, and only know it from Mr. Keuleman’s figure in the Ibis for 1872 (pl. vi.). On the other hand, it is very closely allied toI. albigularisof the Moluccas, but differs in the greyish shade on the white throat, which is also more restricted, and in the forehead being grey with only a slight mark of lilac.17.Calœnas nicobarica(L.).Calœnas nicobarica, Cas. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 276; Sharpe, P. Z. S.1875, p. 110.Observed on Mangsi in some abundance by the U.S. Exploring Expedition.18.Ptilopus melanocephalus.Ptilopus melanocephalus(Gm.); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 551. An adult specimen.19.Macropygia tenuirostris, Gray.Macropygia tenuirostris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 347.Two specimens.[Luzon (Meyer); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge).]Lord Tweeddale differs from Professor Schlegel’s opinion that the same Philippine species is found in Java and Lombock, where it isM. emilianaof Bonaparte; but having compared several specimens lately, I believe that the Professor’s view is the right one, and that the bird is found over the Philippines, and occurs even in Borneo. Lord Tweeddale separates the Negros bird asM. eurycerca.20.Gallus stramineicollis, sp. n.General colour above black, shot with green and purple; wing-coverts like the back, the innermost and the scapulars with a slight subterminal shine of coppery brown; primary-coverts and primaries black, the secondaries externally green; feathers of the lower backand rump straw-yellow, with darker longitudinal centres of black or green; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy oil-green; crown of head and nape black; hind neck and neck-hackles, as well as sides of neck, straw-yellow, deeper on the hind neck, with green longitudinal centres to the feathers; remainder of under surface of body black with a green gloss; comb short and rounded; sides of face and entire throat bare. Total length 34·5 inches, culmen 1·1, wing 9·0, tail 17·5, tarsus 3·4.Mr. Burbidge procured a single example of this jungle-fowl, which appears to be a very distinct species. He tells me that it was brought to the ship by one of the Sulu natives alive, and he cannot vouch for its having been a wild bird. I have, however, shown the bird to Mr. Gould and other ornithologists; and they agree with me that it is probably a distinct species ofjungle-fowl. Governor Ussher also has seen the bird; and he tells me that he has never seen any domesticated fowls in Borneo or the Eastern Islands which approached this species in the least.1SeeTrans. Linn. Soc.n.s.i. p. 310.↑2DoubtlessHaliastur intermedius.↑

APPENDIX.The main object of my journey eastward was the collection and introduction of beautiful new plants to the Veitchian Collection at Chelsea. Botanical specimens were obtained and preserved whenever practicable, as also were birds and other objects of natural history. I was fortunate in adding about fifty new species of ferns to the lists of those already collected in Borneo, and of this number, as will be seen from the following report, about twenty were absolutely new to science. Perhaps the greatest good fortune which attended my exertions was the introduction alive of the Giant Pitcher Plant of Kina Balu (Nepenthes Rajah, Hook. f.). This wonderful plant and its geographical allies were discovered in 1851 by Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., and were figured and described by Sir Joseph D. Hooker,K.C.S.I., in Vol. xxii. of theTransactionsof the Linnæan Society. Mr. Low made repeated journeys to Kina Balu from Labuan, but unfortunately failed in his endeavours to introduce these fine plants to European gardens in a living state. Mr. Thos. Lobb, one of the most successful of all Eastern plant hunters, attempted to reach the habitat of these plants in 1856, but was prevented by the natives. These plants are very remarkable, and, so far as is at present known, exist only on this one mountain in Borneo.PINANGA VEITCHII.PINANGA VEITCHII.Nepenthes bicalcarata, the “Two-spurred Pitcher Plant,” was also for the first time introduced alive, and is very remarkable, its pitchers being armed in a really formidable way, and the swollen stalks of its urns are perforated by a species of ant in a singular manner.NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.Of palms a beautiful species of areca, having gracefully arched leaves and vermilion-coloured sheaths, was introduced alive, as also a very attractive dwarf species of pinanga (P. Veitchii, H. Wend.), the bifurcate fans of which are purple below and glaucous-green above, blotched with brown. Aroids are plentiful in the shady Bornean forests, the species in some cases being extremely local in theirdistribution. Of the new genera discovered two have very pretty spathes, and if they can be successfully cultivated will prove very interesting and ornamental stove plants.Piptospatha insignis, N. E. Br., a pretty little “rock arad,” found on sandstone boulders in the beds of mountain streams, has a tuft of lance-shaped leaves and dainty white spathes tipped with pink.Gamagyne Burbidgei, N. E. Br., is a plant of larger growth, being a foot high but otherwise of similar habit. The spathes are of a bright rose colour. This plant grows beside mountain streams in positions where the passing water laves its roots.Amongst new species of aroideæ may be mentioned the sub-aquaticCryptocoryne caudata, N. E. Br., which has heart-shaped bullate leaves of a dark green colour, the spathe being terminated with a long tail, which reminds one of the same appendages in the arisæmas of the Himalayas. Three or four new species of alocasia were found, the remarkable beingA. scabriuscula,A. guttata, andA. pumila.Pothos ceratocaulis, a fresh green climbing species, was also introduced alive, and is a plant of distinct marcgraavia-like habit. Specimens ofSchismatoglottisandChamæcladonare at present undetermined. A singular new asclepiadaceous genus (Astrostruma spartioides, Benth.), was discovered growing as an epiphyte on forest trees in Labuan, and in dry woods near the sea at the northern point of the last-named island, the remarkable littleMicrostylis Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was found. One of my first discoveries in Borneo itself was the new zingiberaceous genusBurbidgea(B. nitida, Hook, f.), and other novelties wereDendrobium cerinum,Cypripedium Lawrencianum, andBolbophyllum Leysianum, a highly curious plant. A fine newBolbophyllumwas introduced alive to Chelsea from the Tampassuk river (B. Petreianum, Burb. MS.), which I propose shall bearthe name of my whilom travelling companion, P. C. M. Veitch, Esq.Rhododendron stenophyllum, andNepenthes Burbidgei, Hook. f., were two of the more remarkable of the new plants from Kina Balu itself, where also the gigantic mossDawsonia superbawas collected at an altitude of 6,000 feet, these specimens being, as Mr. Mitten informs me, the first obtained northwards of New Zealand,The three native courts of Jahore, Brunei, and Sulu were visited, and I was enabled to make extended excursions into the interior of the main island of Sulu itself. In Borneo the flora was remarkable for endemic Malasian species, intermixed more especially at high altitudes with Indian (Rhododendra) and Australian (Dacrydium,Phyllocladus,Drosera, etc.) types. In Sulu both the flora and fauna showed, as was to be expected, a marked resemblance to those of the Philippine and Celebes groups. My collections in Sulu comprised new ferns, rare mosses, and several beautiful new orchids, includingPhalænopsis Marie,Dendrobium Burbidgei(which is mainly remarkable as being similar to theD. d’Albertisiidiscovered about the same time in New Guinea). Here also the lovely pink-blossomedAerides Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was obtained, and several other species and varieties at present unnamed.The Sulu voyage was in many ways enjoyable, but especially as being to a virgin land botanically and ornithologically, and I must here take the opportunity of acknowledging my obligations to Captain W. C. Cowie, of the steamshipFar East, who gave me every accommodation during the voyage from Labuan, and while we lay in the little harbour at Meimbong. As will be seen, my ornithological discoveries in Sulu were a new species of jungle cock (Gallus stramineicollis), and a new paroquet (TanygnanthusBurbidgei).Sarcops Lowiiwas also obtained in Sulu, and the newBuchanga stigmatopsfrom Kina Balu. No special endeavours were made in obtaining birds, only such species being shot as came in the way while I was searching the forest and mountain sides for plants.The first expedition to the great mountain of Kina Balu was made in company with P. C. M. Veitch, Esq., who joined me on his return from an extended tour in Australia and the Fiji islands. The journey was a critical and tedious one, as we walked every inch of the way from Gaya Bay to the mountain, and back again to the coast,viâthe Koung, Kalawat and Bawang villages. We were successful in finding all the large species of nepenthes in one locality on the mountain for the first time, and in addition a distinct variety ofN. Edwardsianawith shorter thick-winged pitchers, which it is possible may prove to be a natural hybrid betweenN. EdwardsianaandN. villosa.My acknowledgments are due to Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., H.M. Resident in Perak, who, when he heard of my intention of ascending the mountain, very kindly sent me information as to the localities on Kina Balu where the nepenthes and other rare plants are found. To H. E. William Hood Treacher, H.M. Administrator of Labuan, and to the Hon. Dr. Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon of the same island, I shall always be grateful for the practical help afforded me during my expedition, and for the open-handed hospitality they extended to a wandering stranger by chance thrown in their way.

APPENDIX.

The main object of my journey eastward was the collection and introduction of beautiful new plants to the Veitchian Collection at Chelsea. Botanical specimens were obtained and preserved whenever practicable, as also were birds and other objects of natural history. I was fortunate in adding about fifty new species of ferns to the lists of those already collected in Borneo, and of this number, as will be seen from the following report, about twenty were absolutely new to science. Perhaps the greatest good fortune which attended my exertions was the introduction alive of the Giant Pitcher Plant of Kina Balu (Nepenthes Rajah, Hook. f.). This wonderful plant and its geographical allies were discovered in 1851 by Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., and were figured and described by Sir Joseph D. Hooker,K.C.S.I., in Vol. xxii. of theTransactionsof the Linnæan Society. Mr. Low made repeated journeys to Kina Balu from Labuan, but unfortunately failed in his endeavours to introduce these fine plants to European gardens in a living state. Mr. Thos. Lobb, one of the most successful of all Eastern plant hunters, attempted to reach the habitat of these plants in 1856, but was prevented by the natives. These plants are very remarkable, and, so far as is at present known, exist only on this one mountain in Borneo.PINANGA VEITCHII.PINANGA VEITCHII.Nepenthes bicalcarata, the “Two-spurred Pitcher Plant,” was also for the first time introduced alive, and is very remarkable, its pitchers being armed in a really formidable way, and the swollen stalks of its urns are perforated by a species of ant in a singular manner.NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.Of palms a beautiful species of areca, having gracefully arched leaves and vermilion-coloured sheaths, was introduced alive, as also a very attractive dwarf species of pinanga (P. Veitchii, H. Wend.), the bifurcate fans of which are purple below and glaucous-green above, blotched with brown. Aroids are plentiful in the shady Bornean forests, the species in some cases being extremely local in theirdistribution. Of the new genera discovered two have very pretty spathes, and if they can be successfully cultivated will prove very interesting and ornamental stove plants.Piptospatha insignis, N. E. Br., a pretty little “rock arad,” found on sandstone boulders in the beds of mountain streams, has a tuft of lance-shaped leaves and dainty white spathes tipped with pink.Gamagyne Burbidgei, N. E. Br., is a plant of larger growth, being a foot high but otherwise of similar habit. The spathes are of a bright rose colour. This plant grows beside mountain streams in positions where the passing water laves its roots.Amongst new species of aroideæ may be mentioned the sub-aquaticCryptocoryne caudata, N. E. Br., which has heart-shaped bullate leaves of a dark green colour, the spathe being terminated with a long tail, which reminds one of the same appendages in the arisæmas of the Himalayas. Three or four new species of alocasia were found, the remarkable beingA. scabriuscula,A. guttata, andA. pumila.Pothos ceratocaulis, a fresh green climbing species, was also introduced alive, and is a plant of distinct marcgraavia-like habit. Specimens ofSchismatoglottisandChamæcladonare at present undetermined. A singular new asclepiadaceous genus (Astrostruma spartioides, Benth.), was discovered growing as an epiphyte on forest trees in Labuan, and in dry woods near the sea at the northern point of the last-named island, the remarkable littleMicrostylis Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was found. One of my first discoveries in Borneo itself was the new zingiberaceous genusBurbidgea(B. nitida, Hook, f.), and other novelties wereDendrobium cerinum,Cypripedium Lawrencianum, andBolbophyllum Leysianum, a highly curious plant. A fine newBolbophyllumwas introduced alive to Chelsea from the Tampassuk river (B. Petreianum, Burb. MS.), which I propose shall bearthe name of my whilom travelling companion, P. C. M. Veitch, Esq.Rhododendron stenophyllum, andNepenthes Burbidgei, Hook. f., were two of the more remarkable of the new plants from Kina Balu itself, where also the gigantic mossDawsonia superbawas collected at an altitude of 6,000 feet, these specimens being, as Mr. Mitten informs me, the first obtained northwards of New Zealand,The three native courts of Jahore, Brunei, and Sulu were visited, and I was enabled to make extended excursions into the interior of the main island of Sulu itself. In Borneo the flora was remarkable for endemic Malasian species, intermixed more especially at high altitudes with Indian (Rhododendra) and Australian (Dacrydium,Phyllocladus,Drosera, etc.) types. In Sulu both the flora and fauna showed, as was to be expected, a marked resemblance to those of the Philippine and Celebes groups. My collections in Sulu comprised new ferns, rare mosses, and several beautiful new orchids, includingPhalænopsis Marie,Dendrobium Burbidgei(which is mainly remarkable as being similar to theD. d’Albertisiidiscovered about the same time in New Guinea). Here also the lovely pink-blossomedAerides Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was obtained, and several other species and varieties at present unnamed.The Sulu voyage was in many ways enjoyable, but especially as being to a virgin land botanically and ornithologically, and I must here take the opportunity of acknowledging my obligations to Captain W. C. Cowie, of the steamshipFar East, who gave me every accommodation during the voyage from Labuan, and while we lay in the little harbour at Meimbong. As will be seen, my ornithological discoveries in Sulu were a new species of jungle cock (Gallus stramineicollis), and a new paroquet (TanygnanthusBurbidgei).Sarcops Lowiiwas also obtained in Sulu, and the newBuchanga stigmatopsfrom Kina Balu. No special endeavours were made in obtaining birds, only such species being shot as came in the way while I was searching the forest and mountain sides for plants.The first expedition to the great mountain of Kina Balu was made in company with P. C. M. Veitch, Esq., who joined me on his return from an extended tour in Australia and the Fiji islands. The journey was a critical and tedious one, as we walked every inch of the way from Gaya Bay to the mountain, and back again to the coast,viâthe Koung, Kalawat and Bawang villages. We were successful in finding all the large species of nepenthes in one locality on the mountain for the first time, and in addition a distinct variety ofN. Edwardsianawith shorter thick-winged pitchers, which it is possible may prove to be a natural hybrid betweenN. EdwardsianaandN. villosa.My acknowledgments are due to Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., H.M. Resident in Perak, who, when he heard of my intention of ascending the mountain, very kindly sent me information as to the localities on Kina Balu where the nepenthes and other rare plants are found. To H. E. William Hood Treacher, H.M. Administrator of Labuan, and to the Hon. Dr. Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon of the same island, I shall always be grateful for the practical help afforded me during my expedition, and for the open-handed hospitality they extended to a wandering stranger by chance thrown in their way.

The main object of my journey eastward was the collection and introduction of beautiful new plants to the Veitchian Collection at Chelsea. Botanical specimens were obtained and preserved whenever practicable, as also were birds and other objects of natural history. I was fortunate in adding about fifty new species of ferns to the lists of those already collected in Borneo, and of this number, as will be seen from the following report, about twenty were absolutely new to science. Perhaps the greatest good fortune which attended my exertions was the introduction alive of the Giant Pitcher Plant of Kina Balu (Nepenthes Rajah, Hook. f.). This wonderful plant and its geographical allies were discovered in 1851 by Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., and were figured and described by Sir Joseph D. Hooker,K.C.S.I., in Vol. xxii. of theTransactionsof the Linnæan Society. Mr. Low made repeated journeys to Kina Balu from Labuan, but unfortunately failed in his endeavours to introduce these fine plants to European gardens in a living state. Mr. Thos. Lobb, one of the most successful of all Eastern plant hunters, attempted to reach the habitat of these plants in 1856, but was prevented by the natives. These plants are very remarkable, and, so far as is at present known, exist only on this one mountain in Borneo.

PINANGA VEITCHII.PINANGA VEITCHII.

PINANGA VEITCHII.

Nepenthes bicalcarata, the “Two-spurred Pitcher Plant,” was also for the first time introduced alive, and is very remarkable, its pitchers being armed in a really formidable way, and the swollen stalks of its urns are perforated by a species of ant in a singular manner.

NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.

NEPENTHES BICALCARATA.

Of palms a beautiful species of areca, having gracefully arched leaves and vermilion-coloured sheaths, was introduced alive, as also a very attractive dwarf species of pinanga (P. Veitchii, H. Wend.), the bifurcate fans of which are purple below and glaucous-green above, blotched with brown. Aroids are plentiful in the shady Bornean forests, the species in some cases being extremely local in theirdistribution. Of the new genera discovered two have very pretty spathes, and if they can be successfully cultivated will prove very interesting and ornamental stove plants.Piptospatha insignis, N. E. Br., a pretty little “rock arad,” found on sandstone boulders in the beds of mountain streams, has a tuft of lance-shaped leaves and dainty white spathes tipped with pink.Gamagyne Burbidgei, N. E. Br., is a plant of larger growth, being a foot high but otherwise of similar habit. The spathes are of a bright rose colour. This plant grows beside mountain streams in positions where the passing water laves its roots.

Amongst new species of aroideæ may be mentioned the sub-aquaticCryptocoryne caudata, N. E. Br., which has heart-shaped bullate leaves of a dark green colour, the spathe being terminated with a long tail, which reminds one of the same appendages in the arisæmas of the Himalayas. Three or four new species of alocasia were found, the remarkable beingA. scabriuscula,A. guttata, andA. pumila.Pothos ceratocaulis, a fresh green climbing species, was also introduced alive, and is a plant of distinct marcgraavia-like habit. Specimens ofSchismatoglottisandChamæcladonare at present undetermined. A singular new asclepiadaceous genus (Astrostruma spartioides, Benth.), was discovered growing as an epiphyte on forest trees in Labuan, and in dry woods near the sea at the northern point of the last-named island, the remarkable littleMicrostylis Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was found. One of my first discoveries in Borneo itself was the new zingiberaceous genusBurbidgea(B. nitida, Hook, f.), and other novelties wereDendrobium cerinum,Cypripedium Lawrencianum, andBolbophyllum Leysianum, a highly curious plant. A fine newBolbophyllumwas introduced alive to Chelsea from the Tampassuk river (B. Petreianum, Burb. MS.), which I propose shall bearthe name of my whilom travelling companion, P. C. M. Veitch, Esq.

Rhododendron stenophyllum, andNepenthes Burbidgei, Hook. f., were two of the more remarkable of the new plants from Kina Balu itself, where also the gigantic mossDawsonia superbawas collected at an altitude of 6,000 feet, these specimens being, as Mr. Mitten informs me, the first obtained northwards of New Zealand,

The three native courts of Jahore, Brunei, and Sulu were visited, and I was enabled to make extended excursions into the interior of the main island of Sulu itself. In Borneo the flora was remarkable for endemic Malasian species, intermixed more especially at high altitudes with Indian (Rhododendra) and Australian (Dacrydium,Phyllocladus,Drosera, etc.) types. In Sulu both the flora and fauna showed, as was to be expected, a marked resemblance to those of the Philippine and Celebes groups. My collections in Sulu comprised new ferns, rare mosses, and several beautiful new orchids, includingPhalænopsis Marie,Dendrobium Burbidgei(which is mainly remarkable as being similar to theD. d’Albertisiidiscovered about the same time in New Guinea). Here also the lovely pink-blossomedAerides Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was obtained, and several other species and varieties at present unnamed.

The Sulu voyage was in many ways enjoyable, but especially as being to a virgin land botanically and ornithologically, and I must here take the opportunity of acknowledging my obligations to Captain W. C. Cowie, of the steamshipFar East, who gave me every accommodation during the voyage from Labuan, and while we lay in the little harbour at Meimbong. As will be seen, my ornithological discoveries in Sulu were a new species of jungle cock (Gallus stramineicollis), and a new paroquet (TanygnanthusBurbidgei).Sarcops Lowiiwas also obtained in Sulu, and the newBuchanga stigmatopsfrom Kina Balu. No special endeavours were made in obtaining birds, only such species being shot as came in the way while I was searching the forest and mountain sides for plants.

The first expedition to the great mountain of Kina Balu was made in company with P. C. M. Veitch, Esq., who joined me on his return from an extended tour in Australia and the Fiji islands. The journey was a critical and tedious one, as we walked every inch of the way from Gaya Bay to the mountain, and back again to the coast,viâthe Koung, Kalawat and Bawang villages. We were successful in finding all the large species of nepenthes in one locality on the mountain for the first time, and in addition a distinct variety ofN. Edwardsianawith shorter thick-winged pitchers, which it is possible may prove to be a natural hybrid betweenN. EdwardsianaandN. villosa.

My acknowledgments are due to Hugh Low, Esq., C.M.G., H.M. Resident in Perak, who, when he heard of my intention of ascending the mountain, very kindly sent me information as to the localities on Kina Balu where the nepenthes and other rare plants are found. To H. E. William Hood Treacher, H.M. Administrator of Labuan, and to the Hon. Dr. Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon of the same island, I shall always be grateful for the practical help afforded me during my expedition, and for the open-handed hospitality they extended to a wandering stranger by chance thrown in their way.

LIST OF FERNS COLLECTED IN BORNEO.The following is an abridged account of my specimens of ferns, as written by Mr. J. G. Baker,F.R.S., and published in theJournal of Botany, 1879, p. 37:—The following is a complete list of the species gathered, which were all obtained in the neighbourhood of Labuan and Kina Balu. To the new species I have prefixed numbers, showing the position in which they fall, according to the sequence followed in our “Synopsis Filicum;” and I have marked with a * the names of those which, so far as I am aware, have not been gathered in the island before. I may mention that a complete catalogue of the ferns of Borneo was published in 1876 by Baron Vincent de Cesati, with a special account, with figures of some of the novelties, of those gathered by Professor Beccari.*Gleichenia circinata, Sw., var.borneensis, Baker.Gleichenia dichotoma, Hook.*Gleichenia vestita, Blume, var.palacea, Baker.Alsophila glabra, Hook.?Alsophila latebrosa, Hook.59.*Alsophila Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp. Allied toA. latebrosa,OldhamiandWallacei.Hymenophyllum Blumeanum, Spreng.*Hymenophyllum Smithii, Hook. The plant so called in Cesati’s list proved to beTrichomanes denticulatum, Baker.*Hymenophyllum sabinæfolium, Baker.Hymenophyllum Neesii, Hook.*Hymenophyllum formosum, Brack.*Hymenophyllum obtusum, Hook. Gathered lately in New Guinea by Beccari.Trichomanesfilicula, Bory.Trichomanes pallidum, Blume.Trichomanes digitatum, Sw. Two different forms, one lengthened out, with remote branches, the other short, with close branches.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes pyxidiferum, Linn. A handsome variety, with unusually compound rather crisped fronds.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.*Trichomanes apiifolium, Presl.Trichomanes hispidulum, Mett. This was only known before from a single sheet of specimens in the Kew herbarium, gathered by Thos. Lobb.Trichomanes fœniculaceum, Bory.Trichomanes Pluma, Hook. We did not know the definite station of Lobb’s specimens, from which this was described and figured by Hooker. Beccari has gathered it near Sarawak.Trichomanes trichophyllum, Moore. With the last, with which I am now inclined to think it will prove to be conspecific.Davallia angustata, Wall.Davallia heterophylla, Smith.Davallia parvula, Wall.Davallia luzonica, Hook.*Davallia contigua, Sw.*Davallia Emersoni, Hook and Grev.Davallia pedata, Sm.*Davallia ciliata, Hook.Davallia elegans, Sw.Davallia Speluncæ, Baker.Davallia tenuifolia, Sw.49.*Davallia(Eudavallia)Veitchii,Baker, n. sp.—A well-marked plant, reminding one in cutting and habit of the barren fronds ofOnychium japonicumorauratum.5.*Lindsaya jamesonioides,Baker, n. sp.—A most distinct novelty, with the habit ofAspleniumtrichomanesorJamesonia imbricata.7.*Lindsaya crispa,Baker, n. sp.—Habit of the small tender forms ofAdiantum caudatum, but the fronds neither at all hairy nor rooting at the tip.*Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya borneensis, Hook.Lindsaya trapeziformis, Dry.*Lindsaya flabellulata, Dry.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Lindsaya ensifolia, Sw.Lindsaya divergens, Wall.*Adiantum diaphanum, Blume.*Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw.Pteris aquilina, L.Pteris semipinnata, L.Pteris quadriaurita, Betz., var.digitata, Baker. A digitate form, like the IndianP. Grevilleana, Wall., but the barren and fertile fronds not dimorphic. The texture firmer than usual. The rachis with a broad wing, as inP. biaurata, and the veins crowded and obscure.*Lomaria procera, Spreng.Asplenium Nidus, L.Asplenium tenerum, Forst.Asplenium squamulatum, Blume.*Asplenium caudatum, Forst.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium laserpitiifolium, Lam.Asplenium affine, Sw.Asplenium dichotomum, Hook. Kina Balu. The only known station. The plant has been twice gathered previously.203.*Asplenium(Diplazium)porphyrorachis,Baker.—This is the plant described by Sir W. Hooker from a single barren frond without fruit gathered by Mr. A. R. Wallace, asPolypodium subserratum(Hook. and Baker, Syn. Fil., p. 325). InAspleniumthat specific name is already occupied. Of the present plantA. zeylanicum, Hook., is the only near ally. The same species was gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak.*Asplenium porrectum, Wall.*Asplenium tomentosum, Hook.207.*Asplenium(Diplazium)xiphophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—Comes nearA. pallidum,porrectum, andcultratum.*Asplenium latifolium, Don.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.*Didymochlæna lunulata, Desv.*Aspidium aculeatum, Sw.*Nephrodium calcaratum, Hook.*Nephrodium pteroides, J. Sm.*Nephrodium unitum, R. Br.*Nephrodium cucullatum, Baker.*Nephrodium, nearpennigerum? Probably new, but specimens not complete enough to characterise it.Nephrodium molle, Desv.*Nephrodium Haenkeanum, Presl.*Nephrodium singaporianum, Baker.Nephrodium ternatum, Baker. A fine series of specimens of this endemic species.219.*Nephrodium(Sagenia)nudum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toN. pachyphyllum, Baker.*Nephrodium polymorphum, Baker.Nephrolepis volubilis, J. Sm.Polypodium Barberi, Hook.Polypodium urophyllum, Wall. A variety with many of the sori confluent.91.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)minimum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied to the AndineP. Sprucei, Hook., and MascarenP. Gilpinæandsynsorum, Baker.131.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp.—Habit and texture ofDavallia Emersoni.Polypodium alternidens, Cesati, Fil. Born., p. 25, tab. 2, fig. 4. Of this Burbidge’s bundle contains a single specimen. It is a well-marked new species, discovered by Signor Beccari in the neighbourhood of Sarawak.*Polypodium cucullatum, Nees. A small slender form.132.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)streptophyllum,Baker,n. sp.—Allied toP. cucullatum, but the pinnæ are narrower, and reach down to the main rachis, and bear the sorus at their tip.*Polypodium minutum, Blume.*Polypodium papillosum, Blume. The plant so-called by Cesati, gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak, I hold to be quite distinct from Blume’s Javan type, and propose to call itP. Cesatianum.*Polypodium clavifer, Hook.210.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)taxodioides,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium soridens, Hook.297.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)stenopteris,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium longifolium, Mett.*Polypodium oodes, Kunze. Matches exactly Cuming’s Philippine specimens, which were all that were previously known.301.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)holophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—LikeP. oodesin rhizome, stipe and sori; differing by its smaller frond, crenulate border and flabellate veining.Polypodium acrostichoides, Forst.*Polypodium angustatum, Sw.Polypodium dipteris, Blume.Polypodium bifurcatum, Baker.Polypodium Phymatodes, L.*Polypodium ebenipes, Hook.Gymnogramma avenia, Baker.Gymnogramma borneensis, Hook.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Gymnogramma Feei, Hook.Antrophyum reticulatum, Kaulf.Vittaria debilis, Kuhn.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw. Both the type and well-marked variety,T. interrupta, H. and G.Acrostichum sorbifolium,L.*Acrostichum scandens, J. Sm.*Acrostichum subrepandum, Hook.Acrostichum drynarioides, Hook.*Acrostichum bicuspe, Hook. The typical form, which has only been once gathered before by Thomas Lobb in Java.Platycerium biforme, Blume.*Platycerium grande, A. Cunn.Schizæa malaccana, Baker.Schizæa dichotoma, Sw.Schizæa digitata, Sw.Lygodium dichotomum, Sw.Lygodium scandens, Sw.*Equisetum elongatum, Willd.Lycopodium cernuum, L.Lycopodium casuarinoides, Spreng.Lycopodium carinatum, Desv.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, L.*Lycopodium macrostachys, Hook. and Grev.*Lycopodium volubile, Forst.*Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella inæqualifolia, Spreng.*Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.*Selaginella flabellata, Spreng.*Selaginella suberosa, Spreng.Psilotum triquetrum, Sw.Psilotum complanatum, Sw. =P. Zollingeri, Cesati.It will be seen that altogether Mr. Burbidge has added above fifty species to the fern-flora of the island. His explorationquite bears out the idea that we previously entertained, that the fern-flora of the island is very rich, and that there is still a plentiful harvest to await the exploration of the interior. The added species which are not new are nearly all already known in Java and the Philippine Islands, frequently in both.

LIST OF FERNS COLLECTED IN BORNEO.

The following is an abridged account of my specimens of ferns, as written by Mr. J. G. Baker,F.R.S., and published in theJournal of Botany, 1879, p. 37:—The following is a complete list of the species gathered, which were all obtained in the neighbourhood of Labuan and Kina Balu. To the new species I have prefixed numbers, showing the position in which they fall, according to the sequence followed in our “Synopsis Filicum;” and I have marked with a * the names of those which, so far as I am aware, have not been gathered in the island before. I may mention that a complete catalogue of the ferns of Borneo was published in 1876 by Baron Vincent de Cesati, with a special account, with figures of some of the novelties, of those gathered by Professor Beccari.*Gleichenia circinata, Sw., var.borneensis, Baker.Gleichenia dichotoma, Hook.*Gleichenia vestita, Blume, var.palacea, Baker.Alsophila glabra, Hook.?Alsophila latebrosa, Hook.59.*Alsophila Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp. Allied toA. latebrosa,OldhamiandWallacei.Hymenophyllum Blumeanum, Spreng.*Hymenophyllum Smithii, Hook. The plant so called in Cesati’s list proved to beTrichomanes denticulatum, Baker.*Hymenophyllum sabinæfolium, Baker.Hymenophyllum Neesii, Hook.*Hymenophyllum formosum, Brack.*Hymenophyllum obtusum, Hook. Gathered lately in New Guinea by Beccari.Trichomanesfilicula, Bory.Trichomanes pallidum, Blume.Trichomanes digitatum, Sw. Two different forms, one lengthened out, with remote branches, the other short, with close branches.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes pyxidiferum, Linn. A handsome variety, with unusually compound rather crisped fronds.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.*Trichomanes apiifolium, Presl.Trichomanes hispidulum, Mett. This was only known before from a single sheet of specimens in the Kew herbarium, gathered by Thos. Lobb.Trichomanes fœniculaceum, Bory.Trichomanes Pluma, Hook. We did not know the definite station of Lobb’s specimens, from which this was described and figured by Hooker. Beccari has gathered it near Sarawak.Trichomanes trichophyllum, Moore. With the last, with which I am now inclined to think it will prove to be conspecific.Davallia angustata, Wall.Davallia heterophylla, Smith.Davallia parvula, Wall.Davallia luzonica, Hook.*Davallia contigua, Sw.*Davallia Emersoni, Hook and Grev.Davallia pedata, Sm.*Davallia ciliata, Hook.Davallia elegans, Sw.Davallia Speluncæ, Baker.Davallia tenuifolia, Sw.49.*Davallia(Eudavallia)Veitchii,Baker, n. sp.—A well-marked plant, reminding one in cutting and habit of the barren fronds ofOnychium japonicumorauratum.5.*Lindsaya jamesonioides,Baker, n. sp.—A most distinct novelty, with the habit ofAspleniumtrichomanesorJamesonia imbricata.7.*Lindsaya crispa,Baker, n. sp.—Habit of the small tender forms ofAdiantum caudatum, but the fronds neither at all hairy nor rooting at the tip.*Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya borneensis, Hook.Lindsaya trapeziformis, Dry.*Lindsaya flabellulata, Dry.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Lindsaya ensifolia, Sw.Lindsaya divergens, Wall.*Adiantum diaphanum, Blume.*Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw.Pteris aquilina, L.Pteris semipinnata, L.Pteris quadriaurita, Betz., var.digitata, Baker. A digitate form, like the IndianP. Grevilleana, Wall., but the barren and fertile fronds not dimorphic. The texture firmer than usual. The rachis with a broad wing, as inP. biaurata, and the veins crowded and obscure.*Lomaria procera, Spreng.Asplenium Nidus, L.Asplenium tenerum, Forst.Asplenium squamulatum, Blume.*Asplenium caudatum, Forst.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium laserpitiifolium, Lam.Asplenium affine, Sw.Asplenium dichotomum, Hook. Kina Balu. The only known station. The plant has been twice gathered previously.203.*Asplenium(Diplazium)porphyrorachis,Baker.—This is the plant described by Sir W. Hooker from a single barren frond without fruit gathered by Mr. A. R. Wallace, asPolypodium subserratum(Hook. and Baker, Syn. Fil., p. 325). InAspleniumthat specific name is already occupied. Of the present plantA. zeylanicum, Hook., is the only near ally. The same species was gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak.*Asplenium porrectum, Wall.*Asplenium tomentosum, Hook.207.*Asplenium(Diplazium)xiphophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—Comes nearA. pallidum,porrectum, andcultratum.*Asplenium latifolium, Don.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.*Didymochlæna lunulata, Desv.*Aspidium aculeatum, Sw.*Nephrodium calcaratum, Hook.*Nephrodium pteroides, J. Sm.*Nephrodium unitum, R. Br.*Nephrodium cucullatum, Baker.*Nephrodium, nearpennigerum? Probably new, but specimens not complete enough to characterise it.Nephrodium molle, Desv.*Nephrodium Haenkeanum, Presl.*Nephrodium singaporianum, Baker.Nephrodium ternatum, Baker. A fine series of specimens of this endemic species.219.*Nephrodium(Sagenia)nudum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toN. pachyphyllum, Baker.*Nephrodium polymorphum, Baker.Nephrolepis volubilis, J. Sm.Polypodium Barberi, Hook.Polypodium urophyllum, Wall. A variety with many of the sori confluent.91.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)minimum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied to the AndineP. Sprucei, Hook., and MascarenP. Gilpinæandsynsorum, Baker.131.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp.—Habit and texture ofDavallia Emersoni.Polypodium alternidens, Cesati, Fil. Born., p. 25, tab. 2, fig. 4. Of this Burbidge’s bundle contains a single specimen. It is a well-marked new species, discovered by Signor Beccari in the neighbourhood of Sarawak.*Polypodium cucullatum, Nees. A small slender form.132.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)streptophyllum,Baker,n. sp.—Allied toP. cucullatum, but the pinnæ are narrower, and reach down to the main rachis, and bear the sorus at their tip.*Polypodium minutum, Blume.*Polypodium papillosum, Blume. The plant so-called by Cesati, gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak, I hold to be quite distinct from Blume’s Javan type, and propose to call itP. Cesatianum.*Polypodium clavifer, Hook.210.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)taxodioides,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium soridens, Hook.297.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)stenopteris,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium longifolium, Mett.*Polypodium oodes, Kunze. Matches exactly Cuming’s Philippine specimens, which were all that were previously known.301.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)holophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—LikeP. oodesin rhizome, stipe and sori; differing by its smaller frond, crenulate border and flabellate veining.Polypodium acrostichoides, Forst.*Polypodium angustatum, Sw.Polypodium dipteris, Blume.Polypodium bifurcatum, Baker.Polypodium Phymatodes, L.*Polypodium ebenipes, Hook.Gymnogramma avenia, Baker.Gymnogramma borneensis, Hook.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Gymnogramma Feei, Hook.Antrophyum reticulatum, Kaulf.Vittaria debilis, Kuhn.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw. Both the type and well-marked variety,T. interrupta, H. and G.Acrostichum sorbifolium,L.*Acrostichum scandens, J. Sm.*Acrostichum subrepandum, Hook.Acrostichum drynarioides, Hook.*Acrostichum bicuspe, Hook. The typical form, which has only been once gathered before by Thomas Lobb in Java.Platycerium biforme, Blume.*Platycerium grande, A. Cunn.Schizæa malaccana, Baker.Schizæa dichotoma, Sw.Schizæa digitata, Sw.Lygodium dichotomum, Sw.Lygodium scandens, Sw.*Equisetum elongatum, Willd.Lycopodium cernuum, L.Lycopodium casuarinoides, Spreng.Lycopodium carinatum, Desv.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, L.*Lycopodium macrostachys, Hook. and Grev.*Lycopodium volubile, Forst.*Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella inæqualifolia, Spreng.*Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.*Selaginella flabellata, Spreng.*Selaginella suberosa, Spreng.Psilotum triquetrum, Sw.Psilotum complanatum, Sw. =P. Zollingeri, Cesati.It will be seen that altogether Mr. Burbidge has added above fifty species to the fern-flora of the island. His explorationquite bears out the idea that we previously entertained, that the fern-flora of the island is very rich, and that there is still a plentiful harvest to await the exploration of the interior. The added species which are not new are nearly all already known in Java and the Philippine Islands, frequently in both.

The following is an abridged account of my specimens of ferns, as written by Mr. J. G. Baker,F.R.S., and published in theJournal of Botany, 1879, p. 37:—

The following is a complete list of the species gathered, which were all obtained in the neighbourhood of Labuan and Kina Balu. To the new species I have prefixed numbers, showing the position in which they fall, according to the sequence followed in our “Synopsis Filicum;” and I have marked with a * the names of those which, so far as I am aware, have not been gathered in the island before. I may mention that a complete catalogue of the ferns of Borneo was published in 1876 by Baron Vincent de Cesati, with a special account, with figures of some of the novelties, of those gathered by Professor Beccari.

*Gleichenia circinata, Sw., var.borneensis, Baker.Gleichenia dichotoma, Hook.*Gleichenia vestita, Blume, var.palacea, Baker.Alsophila glabra, Hook.?Alsophila latebrosa, Hook.59.*Alsophila Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp. Allied toA. latebrosa,OldhamiandWallacei.Hymenophyllum Blumeanum, Spreng.*Hymenophyllum Smithii, Hook. The plant so called in Cesati’s list proved to beTrichomanes denticulatum, Baker.*Hymenophyllum sabinæfolium, Baker.Hymenophyllum Neesii, Hook.*Hymenophyllum formosum, Brack.*Hymenophyllum obtusum, Hook. Gathered lately in New Guinea by Beccari.Trichomanesfilicula, Bory.Trichomanes pallidum, Blume.Trichomanes digitatum, Sw. Two different forms, one lengthened out, with remote branches, the other short, with close branches.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes pyxidiferum, Linn. A handsome variety, with unusually compound rather crisped fronds.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.*Trichomanes apiifolium, Presl.Trichomanes hispidulum, Mett. This was only known before from a single sheet of specimens in the Kew herbarium, gathered by Thos. Lobb.Trichomanes fœniculaceum, Bory.Trichomanes Pluma, Hook. We did not know the definite station of Lobb’s specimens, from which this was described and figured by Hooker. Beccari has gathered it near Sarawak.Trichomanes trichophyllum, Moore. With the last, with which I am now inclined to think it will prove to be conspecific.Davallia angustata, Wall.Davallia heterophylla, Smith.Davallia parvula, Wall.Davallia luzonica, Hook.*Davallia contigua, Sw.*Davallia Emersoni, Hook and Grev.Davallia pedata, Sm.*Davallia ciliata, Hook.Davallia elegans, Sw.Davallia Speluncæ, Baker.Davallia tenuifolia, Sw.49.*Davallia(Eudavallia)Veitchii,Baker, n. sp.—A well-marked plant, reminding one in cutting and habit of the barren fronds ofOnychium japonicumorauratum.5.*Lindsaya jamesonioides,Baker, n. sp.—A most distinct novelty, with the habit ofAspleniumtrichomanesorJamesonia imbricata.7.*Lindsaya crispa,Baker, n. sp.—Habit of the small tender forms ofAdiantum caudatum, but the fronds neither at all hairy nor rooting at the tip.*Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya borneensis, Hook.Lindsaya trapeziformis, Dry.*Lindsaya flabellulata, Dry.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Lindsaya ensifolia, Sw.Lindsaya divergens, Wall.*Adiantum diaphanum, Blume.*Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw.Pteris aquilina, L.Pteris semipinnata, L.Pteris quadriaurita, Betz., var.digitata, Baker. A digitate form, like the IndianP. Grevilleana, Wall., but the barren and fertile fronds not dimorphic. The texture firmer than usual. The rachis with a broad wing, as inP. biaurata, and the veins crowded and obscure.*Lomaria procera, Spreng.Asplenium Nidus, L.Asplenium tenerum, Forst.Asplenium squamulatum, Blume.*Asplenium caudatum, Forst.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium laserpitiifolium, Lam.Asplenium affine, Sw.Asplenium dichotomum, Hook. Kina Balu. The only known station. The plant has been twice gathered previously.203.*Asplenium(Diplazium)porphyrorachis,Baker.—This is the plant described by Sir W. Hooker from a single barren frond without fruit gathered by Mr. A. R. Wallace, asPolypodium subserratum(Hook. and Baker, Syn. Fil., p. 325). InAspleniumthat specific name is already occupied. Of the present plantA. zeylanicum, Hook., is the only near ally. The same species was gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak.*Asplenium porrectum, Wall.*Asplenium tomentosum, Hook.207.*Asplenium(Diplazium)xiphophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—Comes nearA. pallidum,porrectum, andcultratum.*Asplenium latifolium, Don.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.*Didymochlæna lunulata, Desv.*Aspidium aculeatum, Sw.*Nephrodium calcaratum, Hook.*Nephrodium pteroides, J. Sm.*Nephrodium unitum, R. Br.*Nephrodium cucullatum, Baker.*Nephrodium, nearpennigerum? Probably new, but specimens not complete enough to characterise it.Nephrodium molle, Desv.*Nephrodium Haenkeanum, Presl.*Nephrodium singaporianum, Baker.Nephrodium ternatum, Baker. A fine series of specimens of this endemic species.219.*Nephrodium(Sagenia)nudum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toN. pachyphyllum, Baker.*Nephrodium polymorphum, Baker.Nephrolepis volubilis, J. Sm.Polypodium Barberi, Hook.Polypodium urophyllum, Wall. A variety with many of the sori confluent.91.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)minimum,Baker, n. sp.—Allied to the AndineP. Sprucei, Hook., and MascarenP. Gilpinæandsynsorum, Baker.131.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Burbidgei,Baker, n. sp.—Habit and texture ofDavallia Emersoni.Polypodium alternidens, Cesati, Fil. Born., p. 25, tab. 2, fig. 4. Of this Burbidge’s bundle contains a single specimen. It is a well-marked new species, discovered by Signor Beccari in the neighbourhood of Sarawak.*Polypodium cucullatum, Nees. A small slender form.132.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)streptophyllum,Baker,n. sp.—Allied toP. cucullatum, but the pinnæ are narrower, and reach down to the main rachis, and bear the sorus at their tip.*Polypodium minutum, Blume.*Polypodium papillosum, Blume. The plant so-called by Cesati, gathered by Beccari, near Sarawak, I hold to be quite distinct from Blume’s Javan type, and propose to call itP. Cesatianum.*Polypodium clavifer, Hook.210.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)taxodioides,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium soridens, Hook.297.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)stenopteris,Baker, n. sp.Polypodium longifolium, Mett.*Polypodium oodes, Kunze. Matches exactly Cuming’s Philippine specimens, which were all that were previously known.301.*Polypodium(Phymatodes)holophyllum,Baker, n. sp.—LikeP. oodesin rhizome, stipe and sori; differing by its smaller frond, crenulate border and flabellate veining.Polypodium acrostichoides, Forst.*Polypodium angustatum, Sw.Polypodium dipteris, Blume.Polypodium bifurcatum, Baker.Polypodium Phymatodes, L.*Polypodium ebenipes, Hook.Gymnogramma avenia, Baker.Gymnogramma borneensis, Hook.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Gymnogramma Feei, Hook.Antrophyum reticulatum, Kaulf.Vittaria debilis, Kuhn.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw. Both the type and well-marked variety,T. interrupta, H. and G.Acrostichum sorbifolium,L.*Acrostichum scandens, J. Sm.*Acrostichum subrepandum, Hook.Acrostichum drynarioides, Hook.*Acrostichum bicuspe, Hook. The typical form, which has only been once gathered before by Thomas Lobb in Java.Platycerium biforme, Blume.*Platycerium grande, A. Cunn.Schizæa malaccana, Baker.Schizæa dichotoma, Sw.Schizæa digitata, Sw.Lygodium dichotomum, Sw.Lygodium scandens, Sw.*Equisetum elongatum, Willd.Lycopodium cernuum, L.Lycopodium casuarinoides, Spreng.Lycopodium carinatum, Desv.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, L.*Lycopodium macrostachys, Hook. and Grev.*Lycopodium volubile, Forst.*Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella inæqualifolia, Spreng.*Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.*Selaginella flabellata, Spreng.*Selaginella suberosa, Spreng.Psilotum triquetrum, Sw.Psilotum complanatum, Sw. =P. Zollingeri, Cesati.

It will be seen that altogether Mr. Burbidge has added above fifty species to the fern-flora of the island. His explorationquite bears out the idea that we previously entertained, that the fern-flora of the island is very rich, and that there is still a plentiful harvest to await the exploration of the interior. The added species which are not new are nearly all already known in Java and the Philippine Islands, frequently in both.

REPORT ON BURBIDGE’S FERNS OF THE SULU ARCHIPELAGO.By J. G. Baker, F.R.S.,F.L.S.The Sulu Archipelago is a group of small islands lying between Borneo and the Philippines. They are for the most part under cultivation; but there are two mountains which attain an elevation of between two thousand and three thousand feet. So far as I am aware their botany is entirely unknown. The following is a full catalogue of the ferns which Mr. Burbidge gathered in the group:—38.*Cyathea suluensis,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toC. integra, J. Sm., of the Philippine Islands and Amboyna.Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Sw., var.H. formosum, Brack.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Davallia pinnata, Cav., and its varietyluzonica.Pteris quadriaurita, Retz.4.*Pteris Treacheariana,Baker, n. sp.—NearP. cretica, but much more slender and delicate in general aspect, with the lowest one to three pairs of pinnæ two to three forked. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan, whose kindness and help contributed materially to the success of his expedition.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya flabellulata, Dryand.Lindsaya lobata, Poir.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Asplenium persicifolium, J. Sm. An endemic Philippine species.Asplenium resectum, Smith.Asplenium falcatum, Lam.Asplenium hirtum, Kaulf.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium Belangeri, Kunze.Asplenium pallidum, Blume.Asplenium bantamense, Baker.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.Nephrodium melanocaulon, Baker.27.*Polypodium(Phegopteris)oxyodon,Baker, n. sp.—A very distinct plant, allied toP. caudatumof Tropical America.175.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Leysii,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toP. taxifoliumandapiculatumof Tropical America. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable Peter Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon, Labuan, who materially aided him during his residence there, and accompanied him on one of his expeditions into the interior.Polypodium albo-squamatum, Blume.Polypodium palmatum, Blume.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Antrophytum reticulatum, Kaulf.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Osmunda javanica, Blume.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, Linn.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.Selaginella conferta, Moore.Selaginella caudata, Spreng.Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.

REPORT ON BURBIDGE’S FERNS OF THE SULU ARCHIPELAGO.

By J. G. Baker, F.R.S.,F.L.S.The Sulu Archipelago is a group of small islands lying between Borneo and the Philippines. They are for the most part under cultivation; but there are two mountains which attain an elevation of between two thousand and three thousand feet. So far as I am aware their botany is entirely unknown. The following is a full catalogue of the ferns which Mr. Burbidge gathered in the group:—38.*Cyathea suluensis,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toC. integra, J. Sm., of the Philippine Islands and Amboyna.Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Sw., var.H. formosum, Brack.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Davallia pinnata, Cav., and its varietyluzonica.Pteris quadriaurita, Retz.4.*Pteris Treacheariana,Baker, n. sp.—NearP. cretica, but much more slender and delicate in general aspect, with the lowest one to three pairs of pinnæ two to three forked. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan, whose kindness and help contributed materially to the success of his expedition.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya flabellulata, Dryand.Lindsaya lobata, Poir.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Asplenium persicifolium, J. Sm. An endemic Philippine species.Asplenium resectum, Smith.Asplenium falcatum, Lam.Asplenium hirtum, Kaulf.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium Belangeri, Kunze.Asplenium pallidum, Blume.Asplenium bantamense, Baker.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.Nephrodium melanocaulon, Baker.27.*Polypodium(Phegopteris)oxyodon,Baker, n. sp.—A very distinct plant, allied toP. caudatumof Tropical America.175.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Leysii,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toP. taxifoliumandapiculatumof Tropical America. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable Peter Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon, Labuan, who materially aided him during his residence there, and accompanied him on one of his expeditions into the interior.Polypodium albo-squamatum, Blume.Polypodium palmatum, Blume.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Antrophytum reticulatum, Kaulf.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Osmunda javanica, Blume.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, Linn.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.Selaginella conferta, Moore.Selaginella caudata, Spreng.Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.

By J. G. Baker, F.R.S.,F.L.S.

The Sulu Archipelago is a group of small islands lying between Borneo and the Philippines. They are for the most part under cultivation; but there are two mountains which attain an elevation of between two thousand and three thousand feet. So far as I am aware their botany is entirely unknown. The following is a full catalogue of the ferns which Mr. Burbidge gathered in the group:—

38.*Cyathea suluensis,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toC. integra, J. Sm., of the Philippine Islands and Amboyna.Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Sw., var.H. formosum, Brack.Trichomanes javanicum, Blume.Trichomanes maximum, Blume.Trichomanes rigidum, Sw.Davallia pinnata, Cav., and its varietyluzonica.Pteris quadriaurita, Retz.4.*Pteris Treacheariana,Baker, n. sp.—NearP. cretica, but much more slender and delicate in general aspect, with the lowest one to three pairs of pinnæ two to three forked. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan, whose kindness and help contributed materially to the success of his expedition.Lindsaya cultrata, Sw.Lindsaya pectinata, Blume.Lindsaya flabellulata, Dryand.Lindsaya lobata, Poir.Lindsaya davallioides, Blume.Asplenium persicifolium, J. Sm. An endemic Philippine species.Asplenium resectum, Smith.Asplenium falcatum, Lam.Asplenium hirtum, Kaulf.Asplenium cuneatum, Lam.Asplenium Belangeri, Kunze.Asplenium pallidum, Blume.Asplenium bantamense, Baker.Asplenium cordifolium, Mett.Nephrodium melanocaulon, Baker.27.*Polypodium(Phegopteris)oxyodon,Baker, n. sp.—A very distinct plant, allied toP. caudatumof Tropical America.175.*Polypodium(Eupolypodium)Leysii,Baker, n. sp.—Allied toP. taxifoliumandapiculatumof Tropical America. Named at the request of Mr. Burbidge in compliment to the Honourable Peter Leys, M.B., Colonial Surgeon, Labuan, who materially aided him during his residence there, and accompanied him on one of his expeditions into the interior.Polypodium albo-squamatum, Blume.Polypodium palmatum, Blume.Vittaria elongata, Sw.Antrophytum reticulatum, Kaulf.Tænitis blechnoides, Sw.Gymnogramma Wallichii, Hook.Osmunda javanica, Blume.Lycopodium Phlegmaria, Linn.Selaginella caulescens, Spreng.Selaginella Willdenovii, Baker.Selaginella conferta, Moore.Selaginella caudata, Spreng.Selaginella atroviridis, Spreng.

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE AVIFAUNA OF THE SULU ISLANDS.By R. Bowdler Sharpe, F.L.S.,F.Z.S., etc.Senior Assistant, Department of Zoology, British Museum.PROC. ZOOL. SOC. 1879.Part II.[Received March 18, 1879.]The present collection was formed by Mr. F. W. Burbidge during a short stay in the Sulu Islands, a most interesting locality to the ornithologist, and one of which very little is known. In my paper on Dr. Steere’s collections from the Philippines, I noticed the four species of birds as yet recorded from the Sulu Islands,1and I ought to have added the commonArtamusof the Indo-Malayan region, and a cuckoo, both recorded by Peale from Mangsi.In addition to the birds obtained by Mr. Burbidge, I have received permission from the authorities of the Oxford Museum to describe the large Bornean collections forwarded to that institution by Mr. W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan. Amongst them are a few birds from Sulu, but apparently not the result of a separate expedition, but presented to Mr. Treacher by Mr. Burbidge. To the latter gentleman I am indebted for the following notes:—“Among the birds which I saw in Sulu, but could not secure, I would particularly mention—some hornbills, seemingly the common black-and-white small kind from Labūan; a fine white harrier, with black tips to the wings (this is a distinct and handsome bird, not unfrequently seen circling over rice fields, or grassy plains); the ‘fire-backed’ pheasant; and an owl, apparently a larger and brighter-coloured edition of our common barn-owl, or screeching species. The blue, white-ringed kingfisher (Halcyon chloris) of Labūan is very common here, as is also the rufous, white-headed scavenger hawk or eagle;2and at least two other species, both larger,are to be found looking out for food near the wharf at Meimbong. Curlews are as plentiful here as in Sarawak and other parts of Borneo. I missed the nocturnal ‘chuck-chuck’ of the goat-sucker, so common in Labūan. Water-rails and a pretty blue kingfisher are not uncommon by the margin of the Meimbong river, which is close to the harbour, and is an excellent shooting-ground. Gun-boats often come here; and as the country is now readily accessible, much might doubtless be done in ornithology. Capital angling may be had in this little river; and there is a good bathing place near the town, and close to the market, where one may be entirely free from the fear of an alligator lurking about in wait for a meal. Now and then the Sultan and his court, male and female, together with all the principal people in the island, meet to enjoy the fun of pig-hunting, the wild boar being very plentiful here, together with two or three species of deer. These pigs do a good deal of damage to cultivated crops; so that now and then a regular field-day is organised, and nearly every man, pony, dog, and spear in the island are out,versus‘Piggy,’ as many as fifty of the latter being slain in a single day. There are so many kinds of sport easily attainable here, provisions of the best are so cheap, a pony may be hired for about 1s.6d.a day, and there is so much that is novel to be seen about the town and the court, that the wonder is that some traveller, fond of sport, and especially ornithology, does not take up his quarters here for a month or two—and particularly as the place is easily reached from Singapore,viâLabūan, or from Hong-Kong,viâManila.”Mr. Burbidge left England on a botanical expedition, to collect living plants; and his success in this department of natural history is well known. His chief attention having been devoted to plants, it only remains to thank him for the intelligent way in which he devoted his scanty leisure time to forming the present collection of birds.The following I believe to be a correct list of Sulu birds as at present known; and I have included the few species mentioned by Peale as procured in Mangsi by the United StatesExploring Expedition. I have also added the references to Lord Tweeddale’s recent papers on the Philippine collections of Mr. Alfred Everett, and have given the ranges of the different species in the Philippine archipelago, so as to bring the subject up to the present date.1.Cacatua hamæturopygia(P. L. S. Müll.).Cacatua hamæturophygia, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe,Tr. Linn. Soc.n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 756, 817; 1878, pp. 107, 281, 340, 379.Two specimens.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Zebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Nipar (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Butuan River, N. Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]2.Prioniturus discurus(V.).Prioniturus discurus, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 688, 756, 817; 1878, p. 379.A single specimen, agreeing with others in the British Museum from the Philippine Islands.[Luzon (Meyer, Everett); Negros (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Mindanao (Cuming, Everett, Murray); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Balabak (Steere).]3.Tanygnathus lucionensis(L.).Tanygnathus lucionensis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 133; Sharpe, Tr. Lin. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 756, 817; 1878, pp. 281, 340, 612.A single specimen, collected by Mr. Burbidge, and exactly resembling the specimens from Manilla and from Palawan in the British Museum.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (L. C. Layard, Steere, Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Steere, Everett); Malanipa (Murray); Sulu (Burbidge, Peale); Palawan (Steere, Everett).]4.Tanygnathus burbidgei, sp. n.SimilisT. muelleri,ex Celebes, sed dorso toto sordide prasino, capite flavicanti-viridi et alis omnino viridibus distinguendus.This fine new species ofTanygnathusis closely allied toT. muelleriof Celebes andT. everettiof Mindanao. It differs fromT. muelleriin having the back green instead of yellow, while thehead is yellowish green and not emerald-green; there is also no blue on the wing-coverts, the whole wing being green.The following is a full description of the bird.Adult.General colour above dark grass-green, including the hind neck, entire mantle, and scapulars; wings a little lighter green, the wing-coverts and secondaries with narrow yellow margins, the primaries blackish on the inner web, externally dark grass-green with a slight blue shade along the shaft, the first primary black shaded with blue on the outer web; entirebackand rump deep cobalt-blue; upper tail-coverts green, slightly shaded with yellow on the margins; tail-feathers dark green, with a narrow margin of yellow at the tip, the under surface of the tail golden-yellow; head yellowish green, the sides of the face also of this colour; the under-surface of the body bright grass-green, yellow on the throat and fore neck and passing into green on the breast and abdomen; under wing-coverts and under tail-coverts of the same green as the breast, with yellow margins; quills ashy blackish below. Total length 15·5 inches, culmen 1·8, wing8·6, tail 6·4, tarsus 0·65.On comparingT. burbidgeiwithT. everetti, one is struck at once by the larger size of the former and its yellowish green head, the crown being emerald-green inT. everetti, which also has the wing only 7·55 inches in length (Samar:Mus. Brit.). None of the Sulu birds, of which there are five in the collections, have the feathers of the mantle edged with blue as in the Samar individual.5.Elanus hypoleucus, Gould.Elanus hypoleucus, Sharpe, Cat. B. i. p. 338; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 142; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 757.An adult specimen: wing 11·5 inches.[Luzon (Jagor); Cebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); N.W. Borneo (Treacher).]6.Scops rufescens(Horsf.).Scops rufescens, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 102.One specimen.This bird seems to me to differ slightly from Bornean and Malaccan examples in having a much darker face, the ear-coverts shaded with black. I do not, however, propose to found a new species on a single example, and must wait for more specimens. The measurements of the Sulu bird are as follows:—Total length 7 inches, culmen 0·7, wing 4·8, tail 2·6, tarsus 0·85. It will be seen that they are a good deal inferior to those of the type ofScops mantis, as given by me in the “Catalogue.”7.Cuculus fucatus, Peale.Cuculus fucatus, Peale,U.S.Expl. Exp. Zool. 1848, p. 136.C. tenuirostris, Less.; Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 244.This cuckoo may beCuculus himalayanus, which has recently been shot in Labuan by Governor Ussher; but it is difficult to decide without seeing a specimen. At present the species is only known from the plate and description given by Peale, who procured it on the island of Mangsi.8.Artamus leucorhynchus(L.).Artamus leucorhynchus, Walden, P. Z. S. ix. p. 174; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 323; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 544, 692, 759, 826; 1878, pp. 283, 342.A.leucogaster(Valenc.); Sharpe in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 179.One specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Everett); Cebu (Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Everett,Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Mangsi (Peale).]9.Oriolus chinensis, L.Oriolus chinensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 203.O. suluensis, Sharpe, tom. cit. p. 205.Broderipus acrorhynchus(Vig.); Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 185; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 545, 694, 760, 826; 1878, pp. 110, 285, 342, 380.The receipt of three more specimens from Mr. Burbidge convinces me that the Sulu Islands bird, which I thought was a race ofO. frontalis, Wall., from the Sula Islands, is not really specifically separable from the common oriole of the Philippines, called by meOriolus chinensis, and by Lord TweeddaleBroderipus acrorhynchus. A further comparison of the series seems to show thatO. frontalisof Wallace, from the Sula Islands, is scarcely to be distinguished fromO. chinensis, the only difference being the slightly greater extent of yellow on the tail-feathers in the latter bird.[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Meyer,Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Si Butu (Low); Balabac (Steere).]10.Corone philippina(Bp.).Corone philippina, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 42; id. Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 343.Corvus philippinus, Bp.; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 201; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 548, 698, 763, 831; 1878, pp. 113, 287, 343, 381.Three specimens.[Luzon (Cuming,Meyer,Everett); Cujo (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Camiguin (Murray); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]11.Sarcops lowii.Sarcops lowii, Sharpe,l.c.p. 344.Several specimens collected by Mr. Burbidge confirm the distinctness of this species fromS. calvus.12.Osmotreron vernans(L.).Osmotreron vernans, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 210; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 764; 1878, p. 623.A female specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere).]13.Osmotreron axillaris(Gray).Osmotreron axillaris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 211; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 549, 699, 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 287.An adult specimen.[Luzon (Meyer,Everett); Guimaras (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]14.Carpophaga ænea(L.).Carpophaga ænea, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 215; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 288, 344, 623.One specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere,Everett).]15.Carpophaga pickeringi.Carpophaga pickeringi, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1854, p. 228; id. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 267, pl. xxvii; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 353.Procured by the United States Exploring Expedition in the island of Mangsi.16.Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. et Layard.Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; id. P. Z. S. 1878. p. 288.One specimen.I refer this pigeon with some hesitation toI. griseigularis, of which I have never seen a specimen, and only know it from Mr. Keuleman’s figure in the Ibis for 1872 (pl. vi.). On the other hand, it is very closely allied toI. albigularisof the Moluccas, but differs in the greyish shade on the white throat, which is also more restricted, and in the forehead being grey with only a slight mark of lilac.17.Calœnas nicobarica(L.).Calœnas nicobarica, Cas. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 276; Sharpe, P. Z. S.1875, p. 110.Observed on Mangsi in some abundance by the U.S. Exploring Expedition.18.Ptilopus melanocephalus.Ptilopus melanocephalus(Gm.); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 551. An adult specimen.19.Macropygia tenuirostris, Gray.Macropygia tenuirostris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 347.Two specimens.[Luzon (Meyer); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge).]Lord Tweeddale differs from Professor Schlegel’s opinion that the same Philippine species is found in Java and Lombock, where it isM. emilianaof Bonaparte; but having compared several specimens lately, I believe that the Professor’s view is the right one, and that the bird is found over the Philippines, and occurs even in Borneo. Lord Tweeddale separates the Negros bird asM. eurycerca.20.Gallus stramineicollis, sp. n.General colour above black, shot with green and purple; wing-coverts like the back, the innermost and the scapulars with a slight subterminal shine of coppery brown; primary-coverts and primaries black, the secondaries externally green; feathers of the lower backand rump straw-yellow, with darker longitudinal centres of black or green; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy oil-green; crown of head and nape black; hind neck and neck-hackles, as well as sides of neck, straw-yellow, deeper on the hind neck, with green longitudinal centres to the feathers; remainder of under surface of body black with a green gloss; comb short and rounded; sides of face and entire throat bare. Total length 34·5 inches, culmen 1·1, wing 9·0, tail 17·5, tarsus 3·4.Mr. Burbidge procured a single example of this jungle-fowl, which appears to be a very distinct species. He tells me that it was brought to the ship by one of the Sulu natives alive, and he cannot vouch for its having been a wild bird. I have, however, shown the bird to Mr. Gould and other ornithologists; and they agree with me that it is probably a distinct species ofjungle-fowl. Governor Ussher also has seen the bird; and he tells me that he has never seen any domesticated fowls in Borneo or the Eastern Islands which approached this species in the least.1SeeTrans. Linn. Soc.n.s.i. p. 310.↑2DoubtlessHaliastur intermedius.↑

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE AVIFAUNA OF THE SULU ISLANDS.

By R. Bowdler Sharpe, F.L.S.,F.Z.S., etc.Senior Assistant, Department of Zoology, British Museum.PROC. ZOOL. SOC. 1879.Part II.[Received March 18, 1879.]The present collection was formed by Mr. F. W. Burbidge during a short stay in the Sulu Islands, a most interesting locality to the ornithologist, and one of which very little is known. In my paper on Dr. Steere’s collections from the Philippines, I noticed the four species of birds as yet recorded from the Sulu Islands,1and I ought to have added the commonArtamusof the Indo-Malayan region, and a cuckoo, both recorded by Peale from Mangsi.In addition to the birds obtained by Mr. Burbidge, I have received permission from the authorities of the Oxford Museum to describe the large Bornean collections forwarded to that institution by Mr. W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan. Amongst them are a few birds from Sulu, but apparently not the result of a separate expedition, but presented to Mr. Treacher by Mr. Burbidge. To the latter gentleman I am indebted for the following notes:—“Among the birds which I saw in Sulu, but could not secure, I would particularly mention—some hornbills, seemingly the common black-and-white small kind from Labūan; a fine white harrier, with black tips to the wings (this is a distinct and handsome bird, not unfrequently seen circling over rice fields, or grassy plains); the ‘fire-backed’ pheasant; and an owl, apparently a larger and brighter-coloured edition of our common barn-owl, or screeching species. The blue, white-ringed kingfisher (Halcyon chloris) of Labūan is very common here, as is also the rufous, white-headed scavenger hawk or eagle;2and at least two other species, both larger,are to be found looking out for food near the wharf at Meimbong. Curlews are as plentiful here as in Sarawak and other parts of Borneo. I missed the nocturnal ‘chuck-chuck’ of the goat-sucker, so common in Labūan. Water-rails and a pretty blue kingfisher are not uncommon by the margin of the Meimbong river, which is close to the harbour, and is an excellent shooting-ground. Gun-boats often come here; and as the country is now readily accessible, much might doubtless be done in ornithology. Capital angling may be had in this little river; and there is a good bathing place near the town, and close to the market, where one may be entirely free from the fear of an alligator lurking about in wait for a meal. Now and then the Sultan and his court, male and female, together with all the principal people in the island, meet to enjoy the fun of pig-hunting, the wild boar being very plentiful here, together with two or three species of deer. These pigs do a good deal of damage to cultivated crops; so that now and then a regular field-day is organised, and nearly every man, pony, dog, and spear in the island are out,versus‘Piggy,’ as many as fifty of the latter being slain in a single day. There are so many kinds of sport easily attainable here, provisions of the best are so cheap, a pony may be hired for about 1s.6d.a day, and there is so much that is novel to be seen about the town and the court, that the wonder is that some traveller, fond of sport, and especially ornithology, does not take up his quarters here for a month or two—and particularly as the place is easily reached from Singapore,viâLabūan, or from Hong-Kong,viâManila.”Mr. Burbidge left England on a botanical expedition, to collect living plants; and his success in this department of natural history is well known. His chief attention having been devoted to plants, it only remains to thank him for the intelligent way in which he devoted his scanty leisure time to forming the present collection of birds.The following I believe to be a correct list of Sulu birds as at present known; and I have included the few species mentioned by Peale as procured in Mangsi by the United StatesExploring Expedition. I have also added the references to Lord Tweeddale’s recent papers on the Philippine collections of Mr. Alfred Everett, and have given the ranges of the different species in the Philippine archipelago, so as to bring the subject up to the present date.1.Cacatua hamæturopygia(P. L. S. Müll.).Cacatua hamæturophygia, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe,Tr. Linn. Soc.n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 756, 817; 1878, pp. 107, 281, 340, 379.Two specimens.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Zebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Nipar (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Butuan River, N. Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]2.Prioniturus discurus(V.).Prioniturus discurus, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 688, 756, 817; 1878, p. 379.A single specimen, agreeing with others in the British Museum from the Philippine Islands.[Luzon (Meyer, Everett); Negros (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Mindanao (Cuming, Everett, Murray); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Balabak (Steere).]3.Tanygnathus lucionensis(L.).Tanygnathus lucionensis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 133; Sharpe, Tr. Lin. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 756, 817; 1878, pp. 281, 340, 612.A single specimen, collected by Mr. Burbidge, and exactly resembling the specimens from Manilla and from Palawan in the British Museum.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (L. C. Layard, Steere, Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Steere, Everett); Malanipa (Murray); Sulu (Burbidge, Peale); Palawan (Steere, Everett).]4.Tanygnathus burbidgei, sp. n.SimilisT. muelleri,ex Celebes, sed dorso toto sordide prasino, capite flavicanti-viridi et alis omnino viridibus distinguendus.This fine new species ofTanygnathusis closely allied toT. muelleriof Celebes andT. everettiof Mindanao. It differs fromT. muelleriin having the back green instead of yellow, while thehead is yellowish green and not emerald-green; there is also no blue on the wing-coverts, the whole wing being green.The following is a full description of the bird.Adult.General colour above dark grass-green, including the hind neck, entire mantle, and scapulars; wings a little lighter green, the wing-coverts and secondaries with narrow yellow margins, the primaries blackish on the inner web, externally dark grass-green with a slight blue shade along the shaft, the first primary black shaded with blue on the outer web; entirebackand rump deep cobalt-blue; upper tail-coverts green, slightly shaded with yellow on the margins; tail-feathers dark green, with a narrow margin of yellow at the tip, the under surface of the tail golden-yellow; head yellowish green, the sides of the face also of this colour; the under-surface of the body bright grass-green, yellow on the throat and fore neck and passing into green on the breast and abdomen; under wing-coverts and under tail-coverts of the same green as the breast, with yellow margins; quills ashy blackish below. Total length 15·5 inches, culmen 1·8, wing8·6, tail 6·4, tarsus 0·65.On comparingT. burbidgeiwithT. everetti, one is struck at once by the larger size of the former and its yellowish green head, the crown being emerald-green inT. everetti, which also has the wing only 7·55 inches in length (Samar:Mus. Brit.). None of the Sulu birds, of which there are five in the collections, have the feathers of the mantle edged with blue as in the Samar individual.5.Elanus hypoleucus, Gould.Elanus hypoleucus, Sharpe, Cat. B. i. p. 338; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 142; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 757.An adult specimen: wing 11·5 inches.[Luzon (Jagor); Cebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); N.W. Borneo (Treacher).]6.Scops rufescens(Horsf.).Scops rufescens, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 102.One specimen.This bird seems to me to differ slightly from Bornean and Malaccan examples in having a much darker face, the ear-coverts shaded with black. I do not, however, propose to found a new species on a single example, and must wait for more specimens. The measurements of the Sulu bird are as follows:—Total length 7 inches, culmen 0·7, wing 4·8, tail 2·6, tarsus 0·85. It will be seen that they are a good deal inferior to those of the type ofScops mantis, as given by me in the “Catalogue.”7.Cuculus fucatus, Peale.Cuculus fucatus, Peale,U.S.Expl. Exp. Zool. 1848, p. 136.C. tenuirostris, Less.; Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 244.This cuckoo may beCuculus himalayanus, which has recently been shot in Labuan by Governor Ussher; but it is difficult to decide without seeing a specimen. At present the species is only known from the plate and description given by Peale, who procured it on the island of Mangsi.8.Artamus leucorhynchus(L.).Artamus leucorhynchus, Walden, P. Z. S. ix. p. 174; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 323; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 544, 692, 759, 826; 1878, pp. 283, 342.A.leucogaster(Valenc.); Sharpe in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 179.One specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Everett); Cebu (Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Everett,Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Mangsi (Peale).]9.Oriolus chinensis, L.Oriolus chinensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 203.O. suluensis, Sharpe, tom. cit. p. 205.Broderipus acrorhynchus(Vig.); Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 185; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 545, 694, 760, 826; 1878, pp. 110, 285, 342, 380.The receipt of three more specimens from Mr. Burbidge convinces me that the Sulu Islands bird, which I thought was a race ofO. frontalis, Wall., from the Sula Islands, is not really specifically separable from the common oriole of the Philippines, called by meOriolus chinensis, and by Lord TweeddaleBroderipus acrorhynchus. A further comparison of the series seems to show thatO. frontalisof Wallace, from the Sula Islands, is scarcely to be distinguished fromO. chinensis, the only difference being the slightly greater extent of yellow on the tail-feathers in the latter bird.[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Meyer,Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Si Butu (Low); Balabac (Steere).]10.Corone philippina(Bp.).Corone philippina, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 42; id. Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 343.Corvus philippinus, Bp.; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 201; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 548, 698, 763, 831; 1878, pp. 113, 287, 343, 381.Three specimens.[Luzon (Cuming,Meyer,Everett); Cujo (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Camiguin (Murray); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]11.Sarcops lowii.Sarcops lowii, Sharpe,l.c.p. 344.Several specimens collected by Mr. Burbidge confirm the distinctness of this species fromS. calvus.12.Osmotreron vernans(L.).Osmotreron vernans, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 210; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 764; 1878, p. 623.A female specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere).]13.Osmotreron axillaris(Gray).Osmotreron axillaris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 211; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 549, 699, 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 287.An adult specimen.[Luzon (Meyer,Everett); Guimaras (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]14.Carpophaga ænea(L.).Carpophaga ænea, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 215; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 288, 344, 623.One specimen.[Luzon (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere,Everett).]15.Carpophaga pickeringi.Carpophaga pickeringi, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1854, p. 228; id. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 267, pl. xxvii; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 353.Procured by the United States Exploring Expedition in the island of Mangsi.16.Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. et Layard.Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; id. P. Z. S. 1878. p. 288.One specimen.I refer this pigeon with some hesitation toI. griseigularis, of which I have never seen a specimen, and only know it from Mr. Keuleman’s figure in the Ibis for 1872 (pl. vi.). On the other hand, it is very closely allied toI. albigularisof the Moluccas, but differs in the greyish shade on the white throat, which is also more restricted, and in the forehead being grey with only a slight mark of lilac.17.Calœnas nicobarica(L.).Calœnas nicobarica, Cas. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 276; Sharpe, P. Z. S.1875, p. 110.Observed on Mangsi in some abundance by the U.S. Exploring Expedition.18.Ptilopus melanocephalus.Ptilopus melanocephalus(Gm.); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 551. An adult specimen.19.Macropygia tenuirostris, Gray.Macropygia tenuirostris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 347.Two specimens.[Luzon (Meyer); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge).]Lord Tweeddale differs from Professor Schlegel’s opinion that the same Philippine species is found in Java and Lombock, where it isM. emilianaof Bonaparte; but having compared several specimens lately, I believe that the Professor’s view is the right one, and that the bird is found over the Philippines, and occurs even in Borneo. Lord Tweeddale separates the Negros bird asM. eurycerca.20.Gallus stramineicollis, sp. n.General colour above black, shot with green and purple; wing-coverts like the back, the innermost and the scapulars with a slight subterminal shine of coppery brown; primary-coverts and primaries black, the secondaries externally green; feathers of the lower backand rump straw-yellow, with darker longitudinal centres of black or green; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy oil-green; crown of head and nape black; hind neck and neck-hackles, as well as sides of neck, straw-yellow, deeper on the hind neck, with green longitudinal centres to the feathers; remainder of under surface of body black with a green gloss; comb short and rounded; sides of face and entire throat bare. Total length 34·5 inches, culmen 1·1, wing 9·0, tail 17·5, tarsus 3·4.Mr. Burbidge procured a single example of this jungle-fowl, which appears to be a very distinct species. He tells me that it was brought to the ship by one of the Sulu natives alive, and he cannot vouch for its having been a wild bird. I have, however, shown the bird to Mr. Gould and other ornithologists; and they agree with me that it is probably a distinct species ofjungle-fowl. Governor Ussher also has seen the bird; and he tells me that he has never seen any domesticated fowls in Borneo or the Eastern Islands which approached this species in the least.

By R. Bowdler Sharpe, F.L.S.,F.Z.S., etc.

Senior Assistant, Department of Zoology, British Museum.

PROC. ZOOL. SOC. 1879.Part II.

[Received March 18, 1879.]

The present collection was formed by Mr. F. W. Burbidge during a short stay in the Sulu Islands, a most interesting locality to the ornithologist, and one of which very little is known. In my paper on Dr. Steere’s collections from the Philippines, I noticed the four species of birds as yet recorded from the Sulu Islands,1and I ought to have added the commonArtamusof the Indo-Malayan region, and a cuckoo, both recorded by Peale from Mangsi.

In addition to the birds obtained by Mr. Burbidge, I have received permission from the authorities of the Oxford Museum to describe the large Bornean collections forwarded to that institution by Mr. W. H. Treacher, Acting Governor of Labuan. Amongst them are a few birds from Sulu, but apparently not the result of a separate expedition, but presented to Mr. Treacher by Mr. Burbidge. To the latter gentleman I am indebted for the following notes:—

“Among the birds which I saw in Sulu, but could not secure, I would particularly mention—some hornbills, seemingly the common black-and-white small kind from Labūan; a fine white harrier, with black tips to the wings (this is a distinct and handsome bird, not unfrequently seen circling over rice fields, or grassy plains); the ‘fire-backed’ pheasant; and an owl, apparently a larger and brighter-coloured edition of our common barn-owl, or screeching species. The blue, white-ringed kingfisher (Halcyon chloris) of Labūan is very common here, as is also the rufous, white-headed scavenger hawk or eagle;2and at least two other species, both larger,are to be found looking out for food near the wharf at Meimbong. Curlews are as plentiful here as in Sarawak and other parts of Borneo. I missed the nocturnal ‘chuck-chuck’ of the goat-sucker, so common in Labūan. Water-rails and a pretty blue kingfisher are not uncommon by the margin of the Meimbong river, which is close to the harbour, and is an excellent shooting-ground. Gun-boats often come here; and as the country is now readily accessible, much might doubtless be done in ornithology. Capital angling may be had in this little river; and there is a good bathing place near the town, and close to the market, where one may be entirely free from the fear of an alligator lurking about in wait for a meal. Now and then the Sultan and his court, male and female, together with all the principal people in the island, meet to enjoy the fun of pig-hunting, the wild boar being very plentiful here, together with two or three species of deer. These pigs do a good deal of damage to cultivated crops; so that now and then a regular field-day is organised, and nearly every man, pony, dog, and spear in the island are out,versus‘Piggy,’ as many as fifty of the latter being slain in a single day. There are so many kinds of sport easily attainable here, provisions of the best are so cheap, a pony may be hired for about 1s.6d.a day, and there is so much that is novel to be seen about the town and the court, that the wonder is that some traveller, fond of sport, and especially ornithology, does not take up his quarters here for a month or two—and particularly as the place is easily reached from Singapore,viâLabūan, or from Hong-Kong,viâManila.”

Mr. Burbidge left England on a botanical expedition, to collect living plants; and his success in this department of natural history is well known. His chief attention having been devoted to plants, it only remains to thank him for the intelligent way in which he devoted his scanty leisure time to forming the present collection of birds.

The following I believe to be a correct list of Sulu birds as at present known; and I have included the few species mentioned by Peale as procured in Mangsi by the United StatesExploring Expedition. I have also added the references to Lord Tweeddale’s recent papers on the Philippine collections of Mr. Alfred Everett, and have given the ranges of the different species in the Philippine archipelago, so as to bring the subject up to the present date.

1.Cacatua hamæturopygia(P. L. S. Müll.).

Cacatua hamæturophygia, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe,Tr. Linn. Soc.n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 756, 817; 1878, pp. 107, 281, 340, 379.

Two specimens.

[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Zebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Nipar (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Butuan River, N. Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]

2.Prioniturus discurus(V.).

Prioniturus discurus, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 132; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 688, 756, 817; 1878, p. 379.

A single specimen, agreeing with others in the British Museum from the Philippine Islands.

[Luzon (Meyer, Everett); Negros (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Mindanao (Cuming, Everett, Murray); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Balabak (Steere).]

3.Tanygnathus lucionensis(L.).

Tanygnathus lucionensis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 133; Sharpe, Tr. Lin. Soc. n.s. i. p. 312; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 756, 817; 1878, pp. 281, 340, 612.

A single specimen, collected by Mr. Burbidge, and exactly resembling the specimens from Manilla and from Palawan in the British Museum.

[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (L. C. Layard, Steere, Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Steere, Everett); Malanipa (Murray); Sulu (Burbidge, Peale); Palawan (Steere, Everett).]

4.Tanygnathus burbidgei, sp. n.

SimilisT. muelleri,ex Celebes, sed dorso toto sordide prasino, capite flavicanti-viridi et alis omnino viridibus distinguendus.

This fine new species ofTanygnathusis closely allied toT. muelleriof Celebes andT. everettiof Mindanao. It differs fromT. muelleriin having the back green instead of yellow, while thehead is yellowish green and not emerald-green; there is also no blue on the wing-coverts, the whole wing being green.

The following is a full description of the bird.

Adult.General colour above dark grass-green, including the hind neck, entire mantle, and scapulars; wings a little lighter green, the wing-coverts and secondaries with narrow yellow margins, the primaries blackish on the inner web, externally dark grass-green with a slight blue shade along the shaft, the first primary black shaded with blue on the outer web; entirebackand rump deep cobalt-blue; upper tail-coverts green, slightly shaded with yellow on the margins; tail-feathers dark green, with a narrow margin of yellow at the tip, the under surface of the tail golden-yellow; head yellowish green, the sides of the face also of this colour; the under-surface of the body bright grass-green, yellow on the throat and fore neck and passing into green on the breast and abdomen; under wing-coverts and under tail-coverts of the same green as the breast, with yellow margins; quills ashy blackish below. Total length 15·5 inches, culmen 1·8, wing8·6, tail 6·4, tarsus 0·65.

On comparingT. burbidgeiwithT. everetti, one is struck at once by the larger size of the former and its yellowish green head, the crown being emerald-green inT. everetti, which also has the wing only 7·55 inches in length (Samar:Mus. Brit.). None of the Sulu birds, of which there are five in the collections, have the feathers of the mantle edged with blue as in the Samar individual.

5.Elanus hypoleucus, Gould.

Elanus hypoleucus, Sharpe, Cat. B. i. p. 338; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 142; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 757.

An adult specimen: wing 11·5 inches.

[Luzon (Jagor); Cebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); N.W. Borneo (Treacher).]

6.Scops rufescens(Horsf.).

Scops rufescens, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 102.

One specimen.

This bird seems to me to differ slightly from Bornean and Malaccan examples in having a much darker face, the ear-coverts shaded with black. I do not, however, propose to found a new species on a single example, and must wait for more specimens. The measurements of the Sulu bird are as follows:—Total length 7 inches, culmen 0·7, wing 4·8, tail 2·6, tarsus 0·85. It will be seen that they are a good deal inferior to those of the type ofScops mantis, as given by me in the “Catalogue.”

7.Cuculus fucatus, Peale.

Cuculus fucatus, Peale,U.S.Expl. Exp. Zool. 1848, p. 136.

C. tenuirostris, Less.; Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 244.

This cuckoo may beCuculus himalayanus, which has recently been shot in Labuan by Governor Ussher; but it is difficult to decide without seeing a specimen. At present the species is only known from the plate and description given by Peale, who procured it on the island of Mangsi.

8.Artamus leucorhynchus(L.).

Artamus leucorhynchus, Walden, P. Z. S. ix. p. 174; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 323; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 544, 692, 759, 826; 1878, pp. 283, 342.

A.leucogaster(Valenc.); Sharpe in Rowley’s Orn. Misc. iii. p. 179.

One specimen.

[Luzon (Meyer); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Everett); Cebu (Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Everett,Steere); Sulu (Burbidge); Mangsi (Peale).]

9.Oriolus chinensis, L.

Oriolus chinensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 203.

O. suluensis, Sharpe, tom. cit. p. 205.

Broderipus acrorhynchus(Vig.); Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 185; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 545, 694, 760, 826; 1878, pp. 110, 285, 342, 380.

The receipt of three more specimens from Mr. Burbidge convinces me that the Sulu Islands bird, which I thought was a race ofO. frontalis, Wall., from the Sula Islands, is not really specifically separable from the common oriole of the Philippines, called by meOriolus chinensis, and by Lord TweeddaleBroderipus acrorhynchus. A further comparison of the series seems to show thatO. frontalisof Wallace, from the Sula Islands, is scarcely to be distinguished fromO. chinensis, the only difference being the slightly greater extent of yellow on the tail-feathers in the latter bird.

[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Guimaras (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Meyer,Murray,Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Si Butu (Low); Balabac (Steere).]

10.Corone philippina(Bp.).

Corone philippina, Sharpe, Cat. B. iii. p. 42; id. Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 343.

Corvus philippinus, Bp.; Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 201; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 548, 698, 763, 831; 1878, pp. 113, 287, 343, 381.

Three specimens.

[Luzon (Cuming,Meyer,Everett); Cujo (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Panaon (Everett); Camiguin (Murray); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Murray,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]

11.Sarcops lowii.

Sarcops lowii, Sharpe,l.c.p. 344.

Several specimens collected by Mr. Burbidge confirm the distinctness of this species fromS. calvus.

12.Osmotreron vernans(L.).

Osmotreron vernans, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 210; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 764; 1878, p. 623.

A female specimen.

[Luzon (Meyer); Panay (Steere); Zebu (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere).]

13.Osmotreron axillaris(Gray).

Osmotreron axillaris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 211; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 549, 699, 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 287.

An adult specimen.

[Luzon (Meyer,Everett); Guimaras (Meyer); Panay (Murray); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Steere,Everett); Sulu (Burbidge).]

14.Carpophaga ænea(L.).

Carpophaga ænea, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 215; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 346; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 764, 832; 1878, pp. 113, 288, 344, 623.

One specimen.

[Luzon (Meyer); Negros (Meyer,Steere,Everett); Cebu (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Dinagat (Everett); Mindanao (Everett); Sulu (Burbidge); Palawan (Steere,Everett).]

15.Carpophaga pickeringi.

Carpophaga pickeringi, Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 1854, p. 228; id. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 267, pl. xxvii; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 353.

Procured by the United States Exploring Expedition in the island of Mangsi.

16.Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. et Layard.

Ianthœnas griseigularis, Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; id. P. Z. S. 1878. p. 288.

One specimen.

I refer this pigeon with some hesitation toI. griseigularis, of which I have never seen a specimen, and only know it from Mr. Keuleman’s figure in the Ibis for 1872 (pl. vi.). On the other hand, it is very closely allied toI. albigularisof the Moluccas, but differs in the greyish shade on the white throat, which is also more restricted, and in the forehead being grey with only a slight mark of lilac.

17.Calœnas nicobarica(L.).

Calœnas nicobarica, Cas. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 276; Sharpe, P. Z. S.1875, p. 110.

Observed on Mangsi in some abundance by the U.S. Exploring Expedition.

18.Ptilopus melanocephalus.

Ptilopus melanocephalus(Gm.); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 551. An adult specimen.

19.Macropygia tenuirostris, Gray.

Macropygia tenuirostris, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 218; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. n.s. i. p. 347.

Two specimens.

[Luzon (Meyer); Basilan (Steere); Sulu (Burbidge).]

Lord Tweeddale differs from Professor Schlegel’s opinion that the same Philippine species is found in Java and Lombock, where it isM. emilianaof Bonaparte; but having compared several specimens lately, I believe that the Professor’s view is the right one, and that the bird is found over the Philippines, and occurs even in Borneo. Lord Tweeddale separates the Negros bird asM. eurycerca.

20.Gallus stramineicollis, sp. n.

General colour above black, shot with green and purple; wing-coverts like the back, the innermost and the scapulars with a slight subterminal shine of coppery brown; primary-coverts and primaries black, the secondaries externally green; feathers of the lower backand rump straw-yellow, with darker longitudinal centres of black or green; upper tail-coverts and tail glossy oil-green; crown of head and nape black; hind neck and neck-hackles, as well as sides of neck, straw-yellow, deeper on the hind neck, with green longitudinal centres to the feathers; remainder of under surface of body black with a green gloss; comb short and rounded; sides of face and entire throat bare. Total length 34·5 inches, culmen 1·1, wing 9·0, tail 17·5, tarsus 3·4.

Mr. Burbidge procured a single example of this jungle-fowl, which appears to be a very distinct species. He tells me that it was brought to the ship by one of the Sulu natives alive, and he cannot vouch for its having been a wild bird. I have, however, shown the bird to Mr. Gould and other ornithologists; and they agree with me that it is probably a distinct species ofjungle-fowl. Governor Ussher also has seen the bird; and he tells me that he has never seen any domesticated fowls in Borneo or the Eastern Islands which approached this species in the least.

1SeeTrans. Linn. Soc.n.s.i. p. 310.↑2DoubtlessHaliastur intermedius.↑

1SeeTrans. Linn. Soc.n.s.i. p. 310.↑2DoubtlessHaliastur intermedius.↑

1SeeTrans. Linn. Soc.n.s.i. p. 310.↑

2DoubtlessHaliastur intermedius.↑

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