The Phyllornithidæ, or "Green Bulbuls," are a small group of fruit-eating birds, strictly confined to the Oriental region, and ranging over the whole of it, with the one exception of the Philippine Islands. The genera are:—
(1022)Phyllornis(12 sp.), India to Java, Ceylon, and Hainan; (1166)Iora(4 sp.), the whole Oriental region; (1163)Erpornis(2 sp.),Borneo,Himalayas, Hainan, and Formosa.
Family13.—PYCNONOTIDÆ. (9 Genera, 139 Species.)
The Pycnonotidæ, Bulbuls, or fruit-thrushes, are highly characteristic of the Oriental region, in every part of which they abound; less plentiful in the Ethiopian region, and extending to Palestine and Japan in the Palæarctic, and to the Moluccas in the Australian region, but absent from the intervening island of Celebes. The genera are:—
Microscelis(6 sp.), Burmah, the Indo-Malay Islands, and Japan;Pycnonotus(52 sp., in many sub-genera), Palestine to South Africa, the whole Oriental region, China and Japan;Alcurus(1 sp.), Himalayas;Hemixus(2 sp.), Nepal, Bootan, Hainan;Phyllastrephus(4 sp.), West and South Africa;Hypsipetes(20 sp.), the whole Oriental region, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands;Tylas(1 sp.), Madagascar;Criniger(30 sp.), the whole Oriental region (excluding Philippines), West and South Africa, Moluccas;Ixonotus(7 sp.), West Africa; (1015 1017)Setornis(3 sp.), Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo;Iole(4 sp.), Aracan and Malaya;Andropadus(9 sp.), Tropical Africa; (1157)Lioptilus(1 sp.), South Africa.
Family14.—ORIOLIDÆ. (5 Genera, 40 Species.)
The Orioles, or Golden Thrushes, are a small group characteristic of the Oriental and Ethiopian regions, migrating into the western Palæarctic region, and with some of the less typical forms in Australia. The genera are:—
Oriolus(24 sp.), Central Europe, throughout Africa, and the whole Oriental region, northward to Pekin, and eastward to Flores; (1073)Analcipus(3 sp.), Himalayas, Formosa, Java and Borneo;Mimeta(9 sp.), the Moluccas and Australia;Sphecotheres(3 sp.), Timor and Australia.Artamia(1 sp.), Madagascar,—perhaps belongs to the next family or to Laniidæ.
Family15.—CAMPEPHAGIDÆ (3 Genera, 100 Species.)
The Campephagidæ, or Cuckoo Shrikes, (Campephaginæ of theHand List, with the addition ofCochoa) are most abundant in the Australian region (especially in the Austro-Malay sub-region), less so in the Oriental, and still less in the Ethiopian region. The genera, for the most part as adopted by Dr. Hartlaub, are as follows:—
Pericrocotus(22 sp.), the whole Oriental region, extending north to Pekin, and east to Lombok; (1242—1244)Lanicterus(4 sp.), West and South Africa; (1245 1246)Graucalus(25 sp.), the whole Oriental region, and eastward to Austro-Malaya, the NewHebrides, and Tasmania;Artamides(1 sp.), Celebes;Pteropodocys(1 sp.), Australia; (1248 1250 1257 1258)Campephaga(16 sp.), Austro-Malaya, and New Caledonia, Philippines, the Ethiopian region;Volvocivora(8 sp.) the Oriental region (excluding Philippines);Lalage(18 sp.), the whole Malay Archipelago to New Caledonia and Australia;Symmorphus(1 sp.), Australia;Oxynotus(2 sp.), Mauritius and Bourbon; (1204)Cochoa(3 sp.), Himalayas, Java. The position of this last genus is doubtful. Jerdon puts it in the Liotrichidæ; Sundeval in the Sturnidæ; Bonaparte in the Dicruridæ; Professor Newton suggests the Pycnonotidæ; but it seems on the whole best placed here.
Family16.—DICRURIDÆ. (6 Genera, 58 Species.)
The Dicruridæ, or Drongo Shrikes (Dicruridæ of theHand List, omitting the genusMelænornis), have nearly the same distribution as the last family, with which they are sometimes united. They are, however, most abundant and varied in the Oriental region, much less so both in the Australian and Ethiopian regions. The distribution of the genera is as follows:—
Dicrurus(46 sp., in several sub-genera), has the range of the whole family, extending east to New Ireland, and one species in Australia;Chætorhynchus(1 sp.), New Guinea;Bhringa(2 sp.), Himalayas to Borneo (Plate IX. vol. i. p. 339);Chibia(2 sp.), Himalayas eastward to North China;Chaptia(3 sp.), all India to Malacca and Formosa;Irena(4 sp.), Central India, Assam, and Burmah to Borneo and the Philippine Islands. This last genus is placed by Jerdon among the Pycnonotidæ, but seems to come most naturally here or in the last family.
Family17.—MUSCICAPIDÆ. (44 Genera, 283 Species.)
The Muscicapidæ, or Flycatchers (Muscicapinæ and Myiagrinæ of theHand List, omittingCochoaand includingPogonocichla) form an extensive family of usually small-sized and often bright-coloured birds, very abundant in the warmer regions of the Old World and Australia, but becoming scarce as we approach the temperate and colder regions. They are wholly absent from North and South America. The genera, many of which are not well defined, are distributed as follows:—
Peltops(1 sp.), Papuan Islands;Monarcha(28 sp.), Moluccas to the Carolines and Marquesas Islands, Australia and Tasmania;Leucophantes(1 sp.), New Guinea;Butalis(4 sp.), Ethiopian and Palæarctic regions, Moluccas and Formosa;Muscicapa(12 sp.), Europe and Africa;Muscicapula(6 sp.), India to Western China;Alseonax(1 sp.), South Africa;Erythrosterna(7 sp.), Europe to China and Java;Newtonia(1 sp.), Madagascar;Xanthopygia(2 sp.), Japan, China, Malacca;Hemipus(1 sp.), India and Ceylon;Pycnophrys(1 sp.), Java;Hyliota(2 sp.), West Africa;Erythrocercus(2 sp.), West Africa and Zambesi;Micræca(6 sp.), Australia, Timor, and Papuan Islands;Artomyias(2 sp.), West Africa;Pseudobias(1 sp.), Madagascar;Hemichelidon(3 sp.), the Oriental region and North China;Smithornis(2 sp.), West and South Africa;Megabias(1 sp.), West Africa;Cassinia(2 sp.), West Africa;Bias, (1 sp.), Tropical Africa;Niltava(3 sp.), Himalayas to West China;Cyornis(16 sp.), the whole Oriental region;Cyanoptila(1 sp.), Japan, China, Hainan;Eumyias(7 sp.), India to South China, Ceylon, and Sumatra; (1213 and 1216)Siphia(8 sp.), North India, Formosa, Timor;Anthipes(1 sp.), Nepal;Seisura(5 sp.), Australia andAustro-Malaya (excluding Celebes);Myiagra(16 sp.), Australia and Moluccas to Caroline and Samoa Islands;Hypothymis(2 sp.), Oriental region and Celebes;Elminia(2 sp.), Tropical Africa;Muscitodus(2 sp.), Fiji Islands;Machærirhynchus(4 sp.), Papuan Islands and North Australia;Platystira(12 sp.), Tropical and South Africa;Rhipidura(45 sp.), the Oriental and Australian regions to the Samoa Islands and Tasmania;Chelidorynx(1 sp.), North India;Myialestes(2 sp.), India to Ceylon, China, Java and Celebes;Tchitrea(26 sp.), the entire Ethiopian and Oriental regions, and to North China and Japan;Philentoma(4 sp.), Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, and Philippine Islands;Todopsis(6 sp.), Papuan Islands; (836)Pogonocichla(1 sp.), South Africa; (1061—1063)Bradyornis(7 sp.), Tropical and South Africa; (1460)Chasiempis(2 sp.), Sandwich Islands.
Family18.—PACHYCEPHALIDÆ. (5 Genera, 62 Species.)
The Pachycephalidæ, or Thick-headed Shrikes (Pachycephalinæ of theHand ListomittingColluricincla,Cracticus, andPardalotus) are almost confined to the Australian region, a single species extending to Java and Aracan, and another (?) to Madagascar. The family has generally been united with the Laniidæ, but most modern ornithologists consider it to be distinct. The distribution of the genera is as follows:—
Oreœca(1 sp.), Australia;Falcunculus(2 sp.), Australia;Pachycephala(44 sp.), Sula Islands (east of Celebes) to the Fiji Islands, and Australia;Hylocharis(4 sp.), Timor, Celebes, Indo-Malaya, and Aracan;Calicalicus(1 sp.), Madagascar;Eopsaltria(14 sp.), Australia, New Caledonia, and the New Hebrides;Artamia(4 sp.), Madagascar,—may belong to this family, or to Laniidæ, Oriolidæ, or Artamidæ, according to different authors.
Family19.—LANIIDÆ. (19 Genera, 145 Species.)
The Laniidæ, or Shrikes (Laniinæ and Malaconotinæ of theHand List, and includingColluricincla), are most abundant and varied in Africa, less plentiful in the Oriental, Australian, and Palæarctic regions, with a few species in the Nearctic region as far as Mexico. The constitution of the family is, however, somewhat uncertain. The genera here admitted are:—
Colluricincla(4 sp.), Australia and Tasmania;Rectes(18 sp.), Papuan Islands, North Australia, to Pelew and Fiji Islands; (1462—1464 1466 1470 1471—1473)Lanius(50 sp.), the whole Nearctic, Palæarctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions, one species reaching Timor, none in Madagascar;Laniellus(1 sp.), Java;Hypocolius(1 sp.), Abyssinia and Upper Nile;Corvinella(1 sp.), South and West Africa;Urolestes(1 sp.), South and East Africa;Tephrodornis(4 sp.), Oriental region to Hainan and Java;Hypodes(1 sp.), West Africa;Fraseria(2 sp.), West Africa;Cuphopterus(1 sp.), Princes' Island;Nilaus(1 sp.), South and West Africa;Prionops(9 sp.), Tropical Africa;Eurocephalus(2 sp.), North, East, and South Africa, and Abyssinia;Chaunonotus(1 sp.), West Africa;Vanga(4 sp.), Madagascar (Plate VI. vol. i. p. 278);Laniarius(36 sp.), the whole Ethiopian region;Telephonus(10 sp.), all Africa and South Europe;Meristes(2 sp.), Tropical and South Africa;Nicator(1 sp.), East Africa.
Family20.—CORVIDÆ. (24 Genera, 190 Species.)
The Corvidæ, or Crows, Jays, &c., form an extensive and somewhat heterogeneous group, some members of which inhabit almost every part of the globe, although none of the genera are cosmopolitan. The true crows are found everywhere but in South America; the magpies, choughs, and nutcrackers are characteristic of the Palæarctic region; the jays are Palæarctic, Oriental, and American; while the piping crows are peculiarly Australian. The more detailed distribution of the genera is as follows:—
Sub-family I. Gymnorhininæ (Piping Crows).—Strepera(4 sp.), andGymnorhina(3 sp.), are Australian only;Cracticus(9 sp.), ranges from New Guinea to Tasmania (this is usually put with the Shrikes, but it has more affinity with the preceding genera);Pityriasis(1 sp.), Borneo (an extraordinary bird of very doubtful affinities);Grallina(1 sp.), Australia, is put here by Sundevall,—among Motacillidæ, by Gould.
Sub-family II.Garrulinæ(Jays).—Platylophus=Lophocitta(4 sp.), Malaya;Garrulus(12 sp.), Palæarctic region, China and Himalayas;Perisoreus(2 sp.), North of Palæarctic and Nearctic regions;Cyanurus(22 sp.), American, from Bolivia to Canada, most abundant in Central America, but absent from the Antilles;Cyanocorax(15 sp.), La Plata to Mexico;Calocitta(2 sp.), Guatemala and Mexico;Psilorhinus(3 sp.), Costa Rica to Texas;Urocissa(6 sp.), Western Himalayas to China and Formosa;Cissa(3 sp.), South-eastern Himalayas to Tenasserim, Ceylon, Sumatra, and Java.
Sub-family III. Dendrocittinæ (Tree Crows).—Temnurus(3 sp.), Cochin China, Malacca to Borneo (not Java);Dendrocitta(9 sp.), the Oriental region to Sumatra, Hainan, and Formosa;Crypsirhina(3 sp.), Pegu, Siam, and Java;Ptilostomus(2 sp.), West, East, and South Africa.
Sub-family IV. Corvinæ (Crows and Magpies).—Nucifraga(4 sp.), Palæarctic region to the Himalayas and North China;Picicorvus(1 sp.), the Rocky Mountains and California;Gymnokitta(1 sp.), Rocky Mountains and Arizona (Plate XVIII., Vol. II., p.128);Pica(9 sp.), Palæarctic region, Arctic America, and California;Cyanopica(3 sp.), Spain, North-east Asia, Japan;Streptocitta(2 sp.), Celebes;Charitornis(1 sp.), Sula Islands;Corvus(55 sp.), universally distributed except South America and New Zealand, but found in Guatemala and the Antilles to Porto Rico; reaches the extreme north of Europe and Asia;Gymnocorvus(2 sp.), Papuan Islands;Picathartes(1 sp.), West Africa;Corvultur(2 sp.), Tropical and South Africa.
Sub-family V. Fregilinæ (Choughs).—Fregilus(3 sp.), mountains and cliffs of Palæarctic region from West Europe to the Himalayas and North China, Abyssinia (Plate I., Vol. I., p. 195);Corcorax(1 sp.), Australia.
Family21.—PARADISEIDÆ. (19 Genera, 34 Species.)
The Paradiseidæ, or "Birds of Paradise," form one of the most remarkable families of birds, unsurpassed alike for the singularity and the beauty of their plumage. Till recently the family was restricted to about eight species of the more typical Paradise birds, but in his splendid monograph of the group, Mr. Elliot has combined together a number of allied forms which had been doubtfully placed in several adjacent families. The various species of true Paradise birds, having ornamental plumes developed from different parts of the body, are almost wholly confined to New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands, one species only being found in the Moluccas and one in North Australia; while the less typical Bower-birds, having no such developments of plumage, are most characteristic of the north and east of Australia, with a few species in New Guinea. The distribution of the genera according to Mr. Elliot's monograph is as follows:—
Sub-family I. Paradiseinæ.—Paradisea(4 sp.), Papuan Islands;Manucodia(3 sp.), Papuan Islands and North Australia;Astrapia(1 sp.), New Guinea;Parotia(1 sp.), New Guinea;Lophorhina(1 sp.), New Guinea;Diphyllodes(3 sp.), PapuanIslands;Xanthomelus(1 sp.), New Guinea;Cicinnurus(1 sp.), Papuan Islands;Paradigalla(1 sp.), New Guinea;Semioptera(1 sp.), Gilolo and Batchian.
Sub-family II. Epimachinæ.—Epimachus(1 sp.), New Guinea;Drepanornis(1 sp.), New Guinea;Seleucides(1 sp.), New Guinea (Plate X., Vol. I., p. 414);Ptilorhis(4 sp.), New Guinea and North Australia.
Sub-family III. Tectonarchinæ (Bower-birds).—Sericulus(1 sp.), Eastern Australia;Ptilonorhynchus(1 sp.), Eastern Australia;Chlamydodera(4 sp.), North and East Australia;Ælurædus(3 sp.), Papuan Islands and East Australia;Amblyornis(1 sp.), New Guinea.
Family22.—MELIPHAGIDÆ. (23 Genera, 190 Species.)
(As in theHand List, but omitting Zosterops, and slightly altering the arrangement.)
(As in theHand List, but omitting Zosterops, and slightly altering the arrangement.)
The extensive group of the Meliphagidæ, or Honey-suckers, is wholly Australian, for the genusZosterops, which extends into the Oriental and Ethiopian regions, does not naturally belong to it. Several of the genera are confined to Australia, others to New Zealand, while a few range over the whole Australian region. The genera are distributed as follows:—
Myzomela(18 sp.), has the widest range, extending from Celebes to the Samoa Islands, and to Timor and Eastern Australia;Entomophila(4 sp.), Australia and New Guinea;Gliciphila(10 sp.), Australia, Timor, New Guinea, and New Caledonia;Acanthorhynchus(2 sp.), Australia and Tasmania; Meliphaga (1 sp.), Australia;Ptilotis(40 sp.), Gilolo and Lombok to Australia and Tasmania, and to the Samoa and Tonga Islands;Meliornis(5 sp.), Australia and Tasmania;Prosthemadera(1 sp.),Pogonornis(1 sp.), New Zealand;Anthornis(4 sp.), New Zealand and Chatham Islands;Anthochæra(4 sp.), Australia and Tasmania;Xanthotis(4 sp.), Papuan Islands and Australia;Leptornis(2 sp.), Samoa Islands and New Caledonia;Philemon=Tropidorhyncus(18 sp.), Moluccas and Lombok to New Guinea, Australia, Tasmania and New Caledonia;Entomiza(2 sp.), Australia;Manorhina(5 sp.), Australia and Tasmania;Euthyrhynchus(3 sp.), New Guinea;Melirrhophetes(2 sp.), New Guinea;Melidectes(1 sp.), New Guinea;Melipotes(1 sp.), New Guinea;Melithreptus(8 sp.), New Guinea, Australia, and Tasmania; (397)Moho(3 sp.), Sandwich Islands;Chætoptila(1 sp.), Sandwich Islands.
Family23.—NECTARINIIDÆ. (11Genera, 122 Species.)
The Nectariniidæ, or Sun-birds, form a rather extensive group of insectivorous honey-suckers, often adorned with brilliant metallic plumage, and bearing a superficial resemblance to the American humming-birds, although not in any way related to them. They abound in the Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions, as far east as New Ireland, and south to Queensland, while one species inhabits the hot Jordan Valley in the Palæarctic region. For the Eastern genera I follow Lord Walden's classification (Ibis, 1870); the African species not having been so carefully studied are mostly placed in one genus. The genera adopted are as follows:—
Promerops(1 sp.), South Africa;Nectarinia(60 sp.), the whole Ethiopian region;Cinnyricinclus(5 sp.), West Africa;Neodrepanis(1 sp.), Madagascar;Arachnecthra(13 sp.), Palestine, all India to Hainan, the Papuan Islands, and North-east Australia;Æthopyga(15 sp.), Himalayas and Central India to West China, Hainan, Java, and Northern Celebes;Nectarophila(5 sp.), Central India and Ceylon, Assam and Aracan to Java, Celebes and the Philippines;Chalcostetha(6 sp.), Malay Peninsula to New Guinea;Anthreptes(1 sp.), Siam, Malay Peninsula toSula Islands, and Flores;Cosmeteira(1 sp.), Papuan Islands;Arachnothera(15 sp.), the Oriental region (excluding Philippines) Celebes, Lombok, and Papuan Islands.
Family24.—DICÆIDÆ. (5 Genera, 107 Species.)
The Dicæidæ, or Flower-peckers, consist of very small, gaily-coloured birds, rather abundant over the whole Oriental and much of the Australian regions, and one genus extending over the Ethiopian region. The genera here adopted are the following:—
(622)Zosterops(68 sp.), the whole Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions, as far east as the Fiji Islands, and north to Pekin and Japan; (400—403)Dicæum(25 sp.), the whole Oriental region, except China, with the Australian region as far as the Solomon Islands; (404)Pachyglossa(2 sp.1437 1442), Nepal and Northern Celebes; (405)Piprisoma(2 sp.), Himalayas to Ceylon and Timor; (1450)Pardalotus(10 sp.), Australia and Tasmania; (407—409)Prionochilus(5 sp.), Indo-Malay sub-region and Papuan Islands.
Family25.—DREPANIDIDÆ. (4 Genera, 8 Species.)
The Drepanididæ are confined to the Sandwich Islands, and I follow Mr. Sclater's suggestion in bringing together the following genera to form this family:—
Drepanis(3 sp.);Hemignathus(3 sp.);Loxops(1 sp.);Psittirostra(1 sp.). If these are correctly associated, the greatdifferences in the bill indicate that they are the remains of a larger and more varied family, once inhabiting more extensive land surfaces in the Pacific.
Family26.—CŒREBIDÆ. (11 Genera, 55 Species.)
(According to the arrangement of Messrs. Sclater and Salvin.)
(According to the arrangement of Messrs. Sclater and Salvin.)
The Cœrebidæ, or Sugar-birds, are delicate little birds allied to the preceding families, but with extensile honey-sucking tongues. They are almost wholly confined to the tropical parts of America, only one species ofCerthiolaranging so far north as Florida. The following is the distribution of the genera:—
Diglossa(14 sp.), Peru and Bolivia to Guiana and Mexico;Diglossopis(1 sp.), Ecuador to Venezuela;Oreomanes(1 sp.), Ecuador;Conirostrum(6 sp.), Bolivia to Ecuador and Columbia;Hemidacnis(1 sp.), Upper Amazon and Columbia;Dacnis(13 sp.), Brazil to Ecuador and Costa Rica;Certhidea(2 sp.), Galapagos Islands;Chlorophanes(2 sp.), Brazil to Central America and Cuba;Cœreba(4 sp.), Brazil to Mexico;Certhiola(10 sp.), Amazon to Mexico, West Indies, and Florida;Glossoptila(1 sp.), Jamaica.
Family27.—MNIOTILTIDÆ. (18 Genera, 115 Species.)
(Messrs. Sclater and Salvin are followed for the Neotropical, Baird and Allen for the Nearctic region.)
(Messrs. Sclater and Salvin are followed for the Neotropical, Baird and Allen for the Nearctic region.)
The Mniotiltidæ, or Wood-warblers, are an interesting group of small and elegant birds, allied to the preceding family and to the greenlets, and perhaps also to the warblers and tits of Europe.They range over all North America from Panama to the Arctic regions, but do not extend far beyond the tropic in Southern America. They are almost as abundant in the Nearctic as in the Neotropical region; and considering the favourable conditions of existence in Tropical America, this fact, in connection with their absence from the South Temperate zone would lead us to suppose that they originated in North Temperate America, and subsequently spread southward into the tropics. This supposition is strengthened by the fact that their metropolis, in the breeding season, is to the north of the United States. The genera adopted by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin are as follows:—
(918)Siurus(4 sp.), Venezuela and West Indies to Eastern States and Canada;Mniotilta(1 sp.), Venezuela, Mexico, and Antilles to the Eastern States;Parula(5 sp.), Brazil to Mexico, and the Eastern States, and Canada;Protonotaria(1 sp.), Antilles to Ohio;Helminthophaga(8 sp.), Columbia to Arctic America;Helmintherus(2 sp.), Central America to Eastern States;Perissoglossa(1 sp.), Antilles and Eastern States;Dendrœca(33 sp.), Amazon to Antilles, and Arctic America, and south to Chili;Oporornis(2 sp.), Guatemala to Eastern States;Geothlypis(11 sp.), all North America and Brazil;Myiodioctes(5 sp.), all North America and Columbia;Basileuterus(22 sp.), Bolivia and Brazil to Mexico;Setophaga(15 sp.), Brazil to Canada;Ergaticus(2 sp.), Guatemala and Mexico;Cardellina(1 sp.), Guatemala and Mexico; (1440)Granatellus(3 sp.), Amazon to Mexico; (1441)Teretristis(2 sp.), Cuba; (1439)Icteria(2 sp.), Costa Rica and United States to Canada.
Family28.—VIREONIDÆ. (7 Genera, 63 Species.)
(Messrs. Sclater and Salvin are followed for the Neotropical genera; Professor Baird and Mr. Allen for those of the Nearctic region.)
The Vireonidæ, or Greenlets, are a family of small fly-catching birds wholly restricted to the American continent, where they range from Paraguay to Canada. They are allied to the Mniotiltidæ and perhaps also to the Australian Pachycephalidæ. Only two of the genera, with about a dozen species, inhabit the Nearctic region. The distribution of the genera is as follows:—
Vireosylvia(13 sp.), Venezuela to Mexico, the Antilles, the Eastern States and Canada;Vireo(14 sp.), Central America and the Antilles to Canada;Neochloe(1 sp.), Mexico;Hylophilus(20 sp.), Brazil to Mexico;Laletes(1 sp.), Jamaica;Vireolanius(5 sp.), Amazonia to Mexico;Cychlorhis(9 sp.), Paraguay to Mexico.
Family29.—AMPELIDÆ. (4 Genera, 9 Species.)
The Ampelidæ, represented in Europe by the waxwing, are a small family, characteristic of the Nearctic and Palæarctic regions, but extending southward to Costa Rica and the West Indian islands. The genera are distributed as follows:—
(1539)Ampelis(3 sp.), the Palæarctic and Nearctic regions, and southward to Guatemala; (1360)Ptilogonys(2 sp.), Central America; (1442)Dulus(2 sp.), West Indian Islands; (1361)Phænopepla(1 sp.), Mexico and the Gila Valley.
Family30.—HIRUNDINIDÆ. (9 Genera, 91 Species.)