Chapter 32

Arborophila, ii.338ARCADÆ, ii.534Archæomys, ii.238Archæopteryx, Bavarian Oolite, i. 163Archibuteo, ii.348Arctic shells, ii.518zone not a separate region, i. 68Arctitis, ii.195Arctocebus, ii.176Arctocephalus, ii.202Arctocyon, European Eocene, i. 125ii.206Arctodus, N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130ii.202Arctogale, ii.195Arctomys, European Pliocene, i. 113ii.235,236Arctonyx, ii.199Arctopithecus, ii.244Arctotheriumin Brazilian caves, i. 144S. American Pliocene, i. 146Ardea, ii.359ARDEIDÆ, ii.359Ardistomus, ii.490Argentina, ii.488Arges, ii.444ARGONAUTIDÆ. ii.505Argus pheasant, figure of, i. 339peculiarity in display of plumage, and confirmation of Mr. Darwin's views, i. 340Argusianus, ii.340Argutor, ii.489Argynnis, ii.474Aricoris, ii.476Ariella, ii.195Arinia, ii.520Arion, ii.517Aristobia, ii.501Arius, ii.443Armadillos, ii.245Arnoglossus, ii.441Aromochelys, ii.408Arremon, ii.99Arrhenotus, ii.501Artamia, ii.268ii.271ii.288ARTAMIDÆ, ii.288Artamides, ii.269Artamus, ii.288Arthroleptis, ii.421Artiodactyla, European Eocene, i. 126N. American Tertiary, i. 137S. American Pliocene, i. 146Artomyias, ii.270Arundinicola, ii.100Arvicola, European Pliocene, i. 113in Brazilian caves, i. 145S. American Pliocene, i. 147S. American Eocene, i. 148Arvicola, ii.230,231Asio, ii.350Aspergillum, ii.537Aspidoparia, ii.452Aspidorhinus, ii.391Aspidura, ii.374Aspius, ii.453Aspredo, ii.444Aspro, ii.425Astarte, ii.535Astathes, ii.501Asterophys, ii.421Asterophysus, ii.443Asthenodipsas, ii.381Astrapia, ii.274Astroblepus, ii.444Astur, ii.348Asturina, ii.348Asturinula, ii.348ATELEOPODIDÆ, ii.440Ateles, ii.174Atelopus, ii.416Atelornis, ii.312Aterica, ii.474Athene, ii.350Atherina, ii.434Atherinichthys, ii.434ATHERINIDÆ, ii.434Atheris, ii.386Atherura, ii.240Athylax, ii.195Athyma, ii.474ATLANTIDÆ, ii.531Atlapetes, ii.284ATRACTASPIDIDÆ, ii.383Atractaspis, ii.383Atretium, ii.375Atrichia, ii.299ATRICHIIDÆ, ii.299Atropos, ii.385Attagis, ii.354ATTALINÆ, ii.293Atthis, ii.108Atticora, ii.281Attila, ii.102Auchenaspis, ii.443Auchenia, N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130ii.217Auchenipterus, ii.443Auckland Islands, birds of, i. 455Augastes, ii.108Auks, ii.367Aulia, ii.102Aulacodes, ii.239Aulacodon, ii.239Aulacorhamphus, ii.307Aulopoma, ii.520Aulopyge, ii.452Auricula, ii.519,527AURICULIDÆ, ii.518Auriparus, ii.266Australia, physical features of, i. 387Australia and S. America, supposed land connection between, i. 398Australian region, description of, i. 387zoological characteristics of, i. 390mammalia of, i. 390birds of, i. 391reptiles of, i. 396amphibia of, i. 397fresh-water fish of, i. 397summary of vertebrata of, i. 397supposed land-connection of with S. America, i. 398insects of, i. 403lepidoptera of, i. 404coleoptera of, i. 405land-shells of, i. 407sub-regions of, i. 408early history of, i. 465Australian sub-region, mammalia of, i. 438illustration of mammalia of, i. 439birds of, i. 440illustration of fauna of, i. 441Australian hedgehog, ii.254Austro-Malayan sub-region, physical features of, i. 388zoology of, i. 409Automolus, ii.103AVICULIDÆ, ii.533Avocettula, ii.107Avocettinus, ii.108Aye-aye, figure of, i. 278ii.177Axiocerces, ii.477Azores, visited by European birds, i. 17birds of, i. 207butterflies of, i. 207beetles of, i. 207, 209peculiarly modified birds of, i. 207stragglers to, i. 208how stocked with animal life, i. 208B.Babirusa of Celebes, peculiarities of, i. 428Babirusa, ii.215Badger, figure of, i. 195Badis, ii.433Bæotis, ii.475Bagarius, ii.443Bagrichthys, ii.442Bagroides, ii.442Bagrus, ii.442Baird, Professor, on fauna of Cape St. Lucas ii.130on representative birds of United States, ii.180Balæna, European Pliocene, i. 112ii.207Balæniceps, ii.360BALÆNIDÆ, ii.207Balænodon, European Pliocene, i. 112Balænoptera, ii.207Balænopteridæ, ii.207Balea, ii.516Balearica, ii.357Baly, Mr., on Phytophaga of Japan, i. 230Banca, its peculiar species and solution of a problem in distribution, i. 356Band-fish, ii.435Bandicoots, ii.250Barangia, ii.199Barbatula, ii.306Barbets, ii.305Barbichthys, ii.452Barbus, ii.451Barilius, ii.452Barissia, ii.392Barriers, as affecting distribution, i. 6permanence of, as affecting distribution, i. 7to the dispersal of birds, i. 17Baryphthengus, ii.313Barypus, ii.492Basileuterus, ii.279Basilornis, ii.287Bassaris, ii.200Batara, ii.104Bates, Mr., on Carabidæ of Japan, i. 228on Longicorns of Japan, i. 230Bathmodon, N. American Tertiary, i. 136Bathrodon, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Bathyerges, ii.231BATOIDEI, ii.462BATRACHIDÆ, ii.431Batrachocephalus, ii.443Batrachoseps, ii.413Batrachostomus, ii.318Bats, powers of flight of, i. 15classification of, i. 87of New Zealand, i. 450Baucis, ii.108Baza, ii.349Bdeogale, ii.195Bearded Reedling, ii.262Bears, probable cause of absence of, from tropical Africa, i. 291ii.201Beaver, N. American Tertiary, i. 140Beavers, ii.234Bee-eaters, ii.312Beetles, families selected for study, i. 103from the Lias, i. 167of Azores, i. 207of Japan, i. 228of S. Temperate America, ii.44BELEMNITIDÆ, ii.506Belemnoziphius, European Pliocene, i. 112Belideus, ii.252Belionota, ii.497Belodontichthys, ii.441Belone, ii.450Belonesox, ii.450Belt, Mr., his theory of a great Siberian lake during the glacial epoch, i. 218; ii.206on change of climate caused by diminution of obliquity of ecliptic, i. 466Beluga, ii.209Bembecidium, ii.489Berardius, ii.208Berenicornis, ii.317Bermudas, zoology of, ii.134Bernicla, ii.363Bernieria, ii.258BERYCIDÆ, ii.424Bessonornis, ii.256Bettongia, ii.251Bhringa, ii.269Bhutanitis, ii.479Bias, ii.270Biatas, ii.104Bibos, ii.222Bison, ii.222,225Binney, Mr., on Air-breathing Molluscs of N. America, ii.528Birds, means of dispersal of, i. 15dispersal of by winds, i. 16American, found in Europe, i. 16reaching the Azores, i. 17barriers to dispersal of, i. 17limited by forests, i. 17classification of, i. 93Miocene of Greece, i. 116extinct, i. 160fossil of Palæarctic region, i. 161European of Miocene period, i. 161Eocene of Europe, i. 162relations of, i. 162extinct of North America, i. 163recently extinct in New Zealand, i. 164Cretaceous of N. America, i. 164remains of in Brazilian caves, i. 164recently extinct in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, i. 164cosmopolitan groups of, i. 176numerous Palæarctic genera, i. 183of the European sub-region, i. 193northern range of in Europe, i. 193of the zone of pine forests, i. 194of Iceland, i. 198of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 203of Malta, i. 206 (note)of the Azores, i. 207of the Cape Verd Islands, i. 215of the Siberian sub-region, i. 219Oriental found in Siberia, i. 219extreme northern Asiatic, i. 219of northern Asiatic forests, i. 220of the Manchurian sub-region, i. 223Palæarctic genera of, in the Manchuriansub-region, i. 224Oriental genera of, in the Manchuriansub-region, i. 224characteristic of N.W. China and Mongolia, i. 226table of Palæarctic families of, i. 235of West Africa, i. 243list of Palæarctic genera of, i. 243of the Ethiopian region, i. 253of the East African sub-region, i. 260S. African, i. 267genera of, peculiar to Madagascar, i. 275common to Madagascar and Oriental or Ethiopian regions, i. 276species common to Madagascar and Africa or Asia, i. 277table of Ethiopian families of, i. 295table of Ethiopian genera of, i. 306of the Oriental region, i. 316of the Indian sub-region, i. 323Oriental genera of in Central India, i. 324Palæarctic and Ethiopian genera in Central India, i. 325of Ceylon, i. 327of the Indo-Chinese sub region, i. 330of the Indo-Malayan sub-region, i. 337illustration of peculiar Malayan, i. 339of the Philippine Islands, i. 346table of Oriental families of, i. 366table of Oriental genera of, i. 375of Australian region, i. 391specially organized Australian families of, i. 392of the Papuan Islands, i. 410peculiarities of, i. 413brilliant colours of, i. 413remarkable forms of, i. 414of the Moluccas, i. 418peculiarities of, i. 421of the Timor group, i. 423of Celebes, i. 428of Australia, i. 440of New Zealand, i. 451peculiar to New Zealand, i. 452of Norfolk Island, i. 453of Lord Howe's Island, i. 453of the Chatham Islands, i. 454of the Auckland Islands, i. 455table of families of Australian, i. 471table of genera of Australian, i. 478of the Neotropical region, ii.6distinctive characters of Neotropical, ii.7of the Mexican sub region, ii.52of the Antilles, ii.64table of distribution of, ii.68table of families of Neotropical, ii.86table of genera of Neotropical, ii.86of the Nearctic region, ii.116list of typical genera of, ii.118of California, ii.127of Central N. America, ii.130of Eastern United States, ii.132of Canada, ii.136table of Nearctic families of, ii.141table of Nearctic genera of, ii.148and Mammals, parallelism of distribution of, ii.545lines of migration of, ii.545peculiar development of, in islands, ii.546contrast of distribution in tropical andtemperate oceanic islands, ii.546Biziura, ii.364Blacicus, ii.102Black ape of Celebes, i. 427Bland, Mr. Thomas, on Antillean land-shells, ii.19ii.526Blanford, Mr. W. T., on the "Indian" region, i. 60on relations of Indian sub-region with Africa, i. 321Blapsidium, Oolitic insect, i. 167Blarina, ii.191Blauneria, ii.519BLENNIDÆ, ii.431Blenniops, ii.431Blennius, ii.431Blethisa, ii.489Blind burrowing snakes, ii.372Blunt-heads, ii.380Blyth, Mr., on zoological regions, i. 60on the relations of Indian sub-region with Africa, i. 321Boa, ii.381Boædon, ii.380Boas, ii.381Bola, ii.452Bolborhynchus, ii.328Boleosoma, ii.425BOMBINATORIDÆ, ii.416Bombinator, ii.417Bonasa, ii.339Bonnet-limpets, ii.511Bony Pikes, ii.459Bootherium, ii.225Borneo, probable recent changes in, i. 357Bos, Post-Pliocene, i. 112Indian Miocene, i. 122ii.222,225Botaurus, ii.359Bothriodon, ii.215Botia, ii.453Bourbon, zoology of, i. 280reptiles of, i. 281Bourcieria, ii.108ii.521Bovidæ, European Miocene, i. 120BOVIDÆ, ii.221BOVINÆ, ii.222Brachinus, ii.489BRACHIOPODA, ii.532Brachiurophis, ii.383Brachiurus, ii.175Brachyalestes, ii.445Brachycephalus, ii.414Brachygalba, ii.311Brachylophus, ii.401Brachymeles, ii.397Brachymerus, ii.416Brachymys, European Miocene, i. 120ii.232ii.236Brachymystax, ii.447Brachypteryx, ii.256Brachypternus, ii.303Brachytarsomys, ii.230Brachypteracias, ii.312Brachyrhamphus, ii.367Bradybates, ii.413Bradycellus, ii.489Bradyornis, ii.271BRADYPODIDÆ, ii.244Bradyptetus, ii.258Bradypus, ii.244Bradytus, ii.489Brama, ii.429Bramatherium, Miocene of Perim Island, i. 122ii.226Branchiosteus, ii.442Branta, ii.364BRASSOLIDÆ, ii.472Brassolis, ii.472Brazilian cave-fauna, i. 143remarks on, i. 145Brazilian sub-region, description of, ii.21mammalia of, ii.23birds of, ii.24illustration of mammalia of, ii.23illustration of birds of, ii.28islands of, ii.29Breviceps, ii.416Breyeria borinensis, Carboniferous insect, i. 168Britain, peculiar species in, i. 197British Isles, zoology of, i. 197Broad-bill, Malayan, figure of, i. 340Broad-bills, ii.294Bronchocela, ii.402Brontes, ii.444Brontotheridæ, N. American Tertiary, i. 137Brontotherium, N. American Tertiary, i. 137Brotogerys, ii.328Brush-turkeys, ii.341Brycon, ii.445Bryconops, ii.445Bryttus, ii.425Buarremon, ii.99Bubalus, ii.222Bubo, European Miocene, i. 162ii.350BUCCINIDÆ, ii.507Buccinum, ii.507Bucco, ii.310BUCCONIIDÆ, ii.310Bucephala, ii.364Bucephalus, ii.379Buceros, ii.317BUCEROTIDÆ, ii.316Bucorvus, ii.317Budorcas, ii.224Budorcinæ, ii.224Budytes, ii.290Buffaloes, ii.221Bufo, ii.415BUFONIDÆ, ii.415Bulbuls, ii.267BULLIDÆ, ii.530Buliminus, ii.514Bulimulus, ii.514Bulimus, Eocene, i. 169ii.514,523Bunælurus, N American Tertiary, i. 134Bungarus, ii.383Bungia, ii.452Bunocephalichthys, ii.444Bunocephalus, ii.444Buphaga, ii.288BUPRESTIDÆ, ii.495Buprestidium, Oolitic insect, i. 167Busarellus, ii.348Bush-shrikes, ii.297Bustards, ii.356Butalis, ii.270Butastur, ii.348Buteo, ii.348Buteogallus, ii.348BUTEONINÆ, ii.348Buteola, ii.348Buthraupis, ii.98Butterflies, arrangement of, i. 103Palæarctic, i. 187of Central Europe, i. 196of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 205of Azores, i. 207peculiar to Siberian sub-region, i. 220of Japan and North China, i. 227of the Ethiopian region, i. 255number of Ethiopian species, i. 256

Arborophila, ii.338

ARCADÆ, ii.534

Archæomys, ii.238

Archæopteryx, Bavarian Oolite, i. 163

Archibuteo, ii.348

Arctic shells, ii.518

zone not a separate region, i. 68

Arctitis, ii.195

Arctocebus, ii.176

Arctocephalus, ii.202

Arctocyon, European Eocene, i. 125

ii.206

Arctodus, N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130

ii.202

Arctogale, ii.195

Arctomys, European Pliocene, i. 113

ii.235,236

Arctonyx, ii.199

Arctopithecus, ii.244

Arctotheriumin Brazilian caves, i. 144

S. American Pliocene, i. 146

Ardea, ii.359

ARDEIDÆ, ii.359

Ardistomus, ii.490

Argentina, ii.488

Arges, ii.444

ARGONAUTIDÆ. ii.505

Argus pheasant, figure of, i. 339

peculiarity in display of plumage, and confirmation of Mr. Darwin's views, i. 340

Argusianus, ii.340

Argutor, ii.489

Argynnis, ii.474

Aricoris, ii.476

Ariella, ii.195

Arinia, ii.520

Arion, ii.517

Aristobia, ii.501

Arius, ii.443

Armadillos, ii.245

Arnoglossus, ii.441

Aromochelys, ii.408

Arremon, ii.99

Arrhenotus, ii.501

Artamia, ii.268

ii.271

ii.288

ARTAMIDÆ, ii.288

Artamides, ii.269

Artamus, ii.288

Arthroleptis, ii.421

Artiodactyla, European Eocene, i. 126

N. American Tertiary, i. 137

S. American Pliocene, i. 146

Artomyias, ii.270

Arundinicola, ii.100

Arvicola, European Pliocene, i. 113

in Brazilian caves, i. 145

S. American Pliocene, i. 147

S. American Eocene, i. 148

Arvicola, ii.230,231

Asio, ii.350

Aspergillum, ii.537

Aspidoparia, ii.452

Aspidorhinus, ii.391

Aspidura, ii.374

Aspius, ii.453

Aspredo, ii.444

Aspro, ii.425

Astarte, ii.535

Astathes, ii.501

Asterophys, ii.421

Asterophysus, ii.443

Asthenodipsas, ii.381

Astrapia, ii.274

Astroblepus, ii.444

Astur, ii.348

Asturina, ii.348

Asturinula, ii.348

ATELEOPODIDÆ, ii.440

Ateles, ii.174

Atelopus, ii.416

Atelornis, ii.312

Aterica, ii.474

Athene, ii.350

Atherina, ii.434

Atherinichthys, ii.434

ATHERINIDÆ, ii.434

Atheris, ii.386

Atherura, ii.240

Athylax, ii.195

Athyma, ii.474

ATLANTIDÆ, ii.531

Atlapetes, ii.284

ATRACTASPIDIDÆ, ii.383

Atractaspis, ii.383

Atretium, ii.375

Atrichia, ii.299

ATRICHIIDÆ, ii.299

Atropos, ii.385

Attagis, ii.354

ATTALINÆ, ii.293

Atthis, ii.108

Atticora, ii.281

Attila, ii.102

Auchenaspis, ii.443

Auchenia, N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130

ii.217

Auchenipterus, ii.443

Auckland Islands, birds of, i. 455

Augastes, ii.108

Auks, ii.367

Aulia, ii.102

Aulacodes, ii.239

Aulacodon, ii.239

Aulacorhamphus, ii.307

Aulopoma, ii.520

Aulopyge, ii.452

Auricula, ii.519,527

AURICULIDÆ, ii.518

Auriparus, ii.266

Australia, physical features of, i. 387

Australia and S. America, supposed land connection between, i. 398

Australian region, description of, i. 387

zoological characteristics of, i. 390

mammalia of, i. 390

birds of, i. 391

reptiles of, i. 396

amphibia of, i. 397

fresh-water fish of, i. 397

summary of vertebrata of, i. 397

supposed land-connection of with S. America, i. 398

insects of, i. 403

lepidoptera of, i. 404

coleoptera of, i. 405

land-shells of, i. 407

sub-regions of, i. 408

early history of, i. 465

Australian sub-region, mammalia of, i. 438

illustration of mammalia of, i. 439

birds of, i. 440

illustration of fauna of, i. 441

Australian hedgehog, ii.254

Austro-Malayan sub-region, physical features of, i. 388

zoology of, i. 409

Automolus, ii.103

AVICULIDÆ, ii.533

Avocettula, ii.107

Avocettinus, ii.108

Aye-aye, figure of, i. 278

ii.177

Axiocerces, ii.477

Azores, visited by European birds, i. 17

birds of, i. 207

butterflies of, i. 207

beetles of, i. 207, 209

peculiarly modified birds of, i. 207

stragglers to, i. 208

how stocked with animal life, i. 208

B.

Babirusa of Celebes, peculiarities of, i. 428

Babirusa, ii.215

Badger, figure of, i. 195

Badis, ii.433

Bæotis, ii.475

Bagarius, ii.443

Bagrichthys, ii.442

Bagroides, ii.442

Bagrus, ii.442

Baird, Professor, on fauna of Cape St. Lucas ii.130

on representative birds of United States, ii.180

Balæna, European Pliocene, i. 112

ii.207

Balæniceps, ii.360

BALÆNIDÆ, ii.207

Balænodon, European Pliocene, i. 112

Balænoptera, ii.207

Balænopteridæ, ii.207

Balea, ii.516

Balearica, ii.357

Baly, Mr., on Phytophaga of Japan, i. 230

Banca, its peculiar species and solution of a problem in distribution, i. 356

Band-fish, ii.435

Bandicoots, ii.250

Barangia, ii.199

Barbatula, ii.306

Barbets, ii.305

Barbichthys, ii.452

Barbus, ii.451

Barilius, ii.452

Barissia, ii.392

Barriers, as affecting distribution, i. 6

permanence of, as affecting distribution, i. 7

to the dispersal of birds, i. 17

Baryphthengus, ii.313

Barypus, ii.492

Basileuterus, ii.279

Basilornis, ii.287

Bassaris, ii.200

Batara, ii.104

Bates, Mr., on Carabidæ of Japan, i. 228

on Longicorns of Japan, i. 230

Bathmodon, N. American Tertiary, i. 136

Bathrodon, N. American Tertiary, i. 133

Bathyerges, ii.231

BATOIDEI, ii.462

BATRACHIDÆ, ii.431

Batrachocephalus, ii.443

Batrachoseps, ii.413

Batrachostomus, ii.318

Bats, powers of flight of, i. 15

classification of, i. 87

of New Zealand, i. 450

Baucis, ii.108

Baza, ii.349

Bdeogale, ii.195

Bearded Reedling, ii.262

Bears, probable cause of absence of, from tropical Africa, i. 291

ii.201

Beaver, N. American Tertiary, i. 140

Beavers, ii.234

Bee-eaters, ii.312

Beetles, families selected for study, i. 103

from the Lias, i. 167

of Azores, i. 207

of Japan, i. 228

of S. Temperate America, ii.44

BELEMNITIDÆ, ii.506

Belemnoziphius, European Pliocene, i. 112

Belideus, ii.252

Belionota, ii.497

Belodontichthys, ii.441

Belone, ii.450

Belonesox, ii.450

Belt, Mr., his theory of a great Siberian lake during the glacial epoch, i. 218; ii.206

on change of climate caused by diminution of obliquity of ecliptic, i. 466

Beluga, ii.209

Bembecidium, ii.489

Berardius, ii.208

Berenicornis, ii.317

Bermudas, zoology of, ii.134

Bernicla, ii.363

Bernieria, ii.258

BERYCIDÆ, ii.424

Bessonornis, ii.256

Bettongia, ii.251

Bhringa, ii.269

Bhutanitis, ii.479

Bias, ii.270

Biatas, ii.104

Bibos, ii.222

Bison, ii.222,225

Binney, Mr., on Air-breathing Molluscs of N. America, ii.528

Birds, means of dispersal of, i. 15

dispersal of by winds, i. 16

American, found in Europe, i. 16

reaching the Azores, i. 17

barriers to dispersal of, i. 17

limited by forests, i. 17

classification of, i. 93

Miocene of Greece, i. 116

extinct, i. 160

fossil of Palæarctic region, i. 161

European of Miocene period, i. 161

Eocene of Europe, i. 162

relations of, i. 162

extinct of North America, i. 163

recently extinct in New Zealand, i. 164

Cretaceous of N. America, i. 164

remains of in Brazilian caves, i. 164

recently extinct in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, i. 164

cosmopolitan groups of, i. 176

numerous Palæarctic genera, i. 183

of the European sub-region, i. 193

northern range of in Europe, i. 193

of the zone of pine forests, i. 194

of Iceland, i. 198

of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 203

of Malta, i. 206 (note)

of the Azores, i. 207

of the Cape Verd Islands, i. 215

of the Siberian sub-region, i. 219

Oriental found in Siberia, i. 219

extreme northern Asiatic, i. 219

of northern Asiatic forests, i. 220

of the Manchurian sub-region, i. 223

Palæarctic genera of, in the Manchurian

sub-region, i. 224

Oriental genera of, in the Manchurian

sub-region, i. 224

characteristic of N.W. China and Mongolia, i. 226

table of Palæarctic families of, i. 235

of West Africa, i. 243

list of Palæarctic genera of, i. 243

of the Ethiopian region, i. 253

of the East African sub-region, i. 260

S. African, i. 267

genera of, peculiar to Madagascar, i. 275

common to Madagascar and Oriental or Ethiopian regions, i. 276

species common to Madagascar and Africa or Asia, i. 277

table of Ethiopian families of, i. 295

table of Ethiopian genera of, i. 306

of the Oriental region, i. 316

of the Indian sub-region, i. 323

Oriental genera of in Central India, i. 324

Palæarctic and Ethiopian genera in Central India, i. 325

of Ceylon, i. 327

of the Indo-Chinese sub region, i. 330

of the Indo-Malayan sub-region, i. 337

illustration of peculiar Malayan, i. 339

of the Philippine Islands, i. 346

table of Oriental families of, i. 366

table of Oriental genera of, i. 375

of Australian region, i. 391

specially organized Australian families of, i. 392

of the Papuan Islands, i. 410

peculiarities of, i. 413

brilliant colours of, i. 413

remarkable forms of, i. 414

of the Moluccas, i. 418

peculiarities of, i. 421

of the Timor group, i. 423

of Celebes, i. 428

of Australia, i. 440

of New Zealand, i. 451

peculiar to New Zealand, i. 452

of Norfolk Island, i. 453

of Lord Howe's Island, i. 453

of the Chatham Islands, i. 454

of the Auckland Islands, i. 455

table of families of Australian, i. 471

table of genera of Australian, i. 478

of the Neotropical region, ii.6

distinctive characters of Neotropical, ii.7

of the Mexican sub region, ii.52

of the Antilles, ii.64

table of distribution of, ii.68

table of families of Neotropical, ii.86

table of genera of Neotropical, ii.86

of the Nearctic region, ii.116

list of typical genera of, ii.118

of California, ii.127

of Central N. America, ii.130

of Eastern United States, ii.132

of Canada, ii.136

table of Nearctic families of, ii.141

table of Nearctic genera of, ii.148

and Mammals, parallelism of distribution of, ii.545

lines of migration of, ii.545

peculiar development of, in islands, ii.546

contrast of distribution in tropical and

temperate oceanic islands, ii.546

Biziura, ii.364

Blacicus, ii.102

Black ape of Celebes, i. 427

Bland, Mr. Thomas, on Antillean land-shells, ii.19

ii.526

Blanford, Mr. W. T., on the "Indian" region, i. 60

on relations of Indian sub-region with Africa, i. 321

Blapsidium, Oolitic insect, i. 167

Blarina, ii.191

Blauneria, ii.519

BLENNIDÆ, ii.431

Blenniops, ii.431

Blennius, ii.431

Blethisa, ii.489

Blind burrowing snakes, ii.372

Blunt-heads, ii.380

Blyth, Mr., on zoological regions, i. 60

on the relations of Indian sub-region with Africa, i. 321

Boa, ii.381

Boædon, ii.380

Boas, ii.381

Bola, ii.452

Bolborhynchus, ii.328

Boleosoma, ii.425

BOMBINATORIDÆ, ii.416

Bombinator, ii.417

Bonasa, ii.339

Bonnet-limpets, ii.511

Bony Pikes, ii.459

Bootherium, ii.225

Borneo, probable recent changes in, i. 357

Bos, Post-Pliocene, i. 112

Indian Miocene, i. 122

ii.222,225

Botaurus, ii.359

Bothriodon, ii.215

Botia, ii.453

Bourbon, zoology of, i. 280

reptiles of, i. 281

Bourcieria, ii.108

ii.521

Bovidæ, European Miocene, i. 120

BOVIDÆ, ii.221

BOVINÆ, ii.222

Brachinus, ii.489

BRACHIOPODA, ii.532

Brachiurophis, ii.383

Brachiurus, ii.175

Brachyalestes, ii.445

Brachycephalus, ii.414

Brachygalba, ii.311

Brachylophus, ii.401

Brachymeles, ii.397

Brachymerus, ii.416

Brachymys, European Miocene, i. 120

ii.232

ii.236

Brachymystax, ii.447

Brachypteryx, ii.256

Brachypternus, ii.303

Brachytarsomys, ii.230

Brachypteracias, ii.312

Brachyrhamphus, ii.367

Bradybates, ii.413

Bradycellus, ii.489

Bradyornis, ii.271

BRADYPODIDÆ, ii.244

Bradyptetus, ii.258

Bradypus, ii.244

Bradytus, ii.489

Brama, ii.429

Bramatherium, Miocene of Perim Island, i. 122

ii.226

Branchiosteus, ii.442

Branta, ii.364

BRASSOLIDÆ, ii.472

Brassolis, ii.472

Brazilian cave-fauna, i. 143

remarks on, i. 145

Brazilian sub-region, description of, ii.21

mammalia of, ii.23

birds of, ii.24

illustration of mammalia of, ii.23

illustration of birds of, ii.28

islands of, ii.29

Breviceps, ii.416

Breyeria borinensis, Carboniferous insect, i. 168

Britain, peculiar species in, i. 197

British Isles, zoology of, i. 197

Broad-bill, Malayan, figure of, i. 340

Broad-bills, ii.294

Bronchocela, ii.402

Brontes, ii.444

Brontotheridæ, N. American Tertiary, i. 137

Brontotherium, N. American Tertiary, i. 137

Brotogerys, ii.328

Brush-turkeys, ii.341

Brycon, ii.445

Bryconops, ii.445

Bryttus, ii.425

Buarremon, ii.99

Bubalus, ii.222

Bubo, European Miocene, i. 162

ii.350

BUCCINIDÆ, ii.507

Buccinum, ii.507

Bucco, ii.310

BUCCONIIDÆ, ii.310

Bucephala, ii.364

Bucephalus, ii.379

Buceros, ii.317

BUCEROTIDÆ, ii.316

Bucorvus, ii.317

Budorcas, ii.224

Budorcinæ, ii.224

Budytes, ii.290

Buffaloes, ii.221

Bufo, ii.415

BUFONIDÆ, ii.415

Bulbuls, ii.267

BULLIDÆ, ii.530

Buliminus, ii.514

Bulimulus, ii.514

Bulimus, Eocene, i. 169

ii.514,523

Bunælurus, N American Tertiary, i. 134

Bungarus, ii.383

Bungia, ii.452

Bunocephalichthys, ii.444

Bunocephalus, ii.444

Buphaga, ii.288

BUPRESTIDÆ, ii.495

Buprestidium, Oolitic insect, i. 167

Busarellus, ii.348

Bush-shrikes, ii.297

Bustards, ii.356

Butalis, ii.270

Butastur, ii.348

Buteo, ii.348

Buteogallus, ii.348

BUTEONINÆ, ii.348

Buteola, ii.348

Buthraupis, ii.98

Butterflies, arrangement of, i. 103

Palæarctic, i. 187

of Central Europe, i. 196

of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 205

of Azores, i. 207

peculiar to Siberian sub-region, i. 220

of Japan and North China, i. 227

of the Ethiopian region, i. 255

number of Ethiopian species, i. 256


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