European Miocene, i. 118ii.200Promerops of East Africa, figure of, i. 261Promerops, ii.276Pronophilia, ii.471Propalæotherium, European Eocene, i. 126Proparus, ii.266Propyrrhula, ii.285Prorastomus, ii.211Proserpina, ii.527PROSOBRANCHIATA, ii.507Prosthemadera, ii.275PROTEIDÆ, ii.412Proteles, ii.196PROTELIDÆ, ii.196Protemnodon, Australian Post-Tertiary, i. 157ii.251Proteus, ii.412Prothoe, ii.474Protohippus, N. American Tertiary, i. 135Protomeryx, N. American Tertiary, i. 138ii.217Protonopsis, ii.412Protonotaria, ii.279Protopithecus, in Brazilian caves, i. 144ii.178Protopterus, ii.458Protornis, European Eocene, i. 162Prototomus, N. American Tertiary, i. 134Prototroctes, ii.446Psalidoprogne, ii.281Psaltria, ii.266Psaltriparus, ii.266Psammodromus, ii.391Psammodynastes, ii.377Psammomys, ii.230PSAMMOPHIDÆ, ii.377Psammophis, ii.377Psammosaurus, ii.389Psarisomus, ii.295Psephotus, ii.325Pseudacris, ii.418Pseudælurus, European Miocene, i. 118ii.194Pseudalopex, ii.197Pseudecheneis, ii.444Pseudechis, ii.383Pseudeutropius, ii.442Pseudis, ii.420Pseudobagrus, ii.442Pseudobias, ii.270Pseudobufo, ii.415Pseudochalceus, ii.445Pseudochelidon, ii.312Pseudocolaptes, ii.103Pseudocordylus, ii.392Pseudocyon, European Miocene, i. 118ii.198Pseudodipsas, ii.477Pseudogobio, ii.452Pseudogryphis, ii.346Pseudogyps, ii.346Pseudohage, ii.383Pseudolabuca, ii.453Pseudoleistes, ii.282Pseudomorpha, ii.490Pseudomys, ii.230Pseudonaje, ii.383Pseudoperilampus, ii.452PSEUDOPHIDIA, ii.411Pseudophryne, ii.414Pseudopontia, ii.478Pseudopus, ii.392Pseudorasbora, ii.452Pseudorca, ii.209Pseudoscops, ii.350Pseudoxiphophorus, ii.450Psilopogon, ii.306Psiloptera, ii.497Psilorhamphus, ii.104Psilorhinus, ii.273Psilorhynchus, ii.453Psittaci, classification of, i. 96range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 311range of Oriental genera of, i. 383range of Australian genera of, i. 484PSITTACI, ii.324general remarks on the distribution of, ii.329PSITTACIDÆ, ii.328Psittacula, ii.328Psittacus, European Miocene, i. 161ii.328Psittinus, ii.326Psittirostra, ii.277Psittospiza, ii.99Psophia, ii.358PSOPHIIDÆ, ii.358Psophodes, ii.262PSYCHROLUTIDÆ, ii.436Pterocles, European Miocene, i. 161ii.337PTEROCLIDÆ, ii.337Pterocyclos, ii.520Pterodon, European Miocene, i. 125Pteroglossus, ii.307Pteromys, ii.235Pteromyzon, ii.463PTEROMYZONTIDÆ, ii.463Pteronura, ii.199Pterophanes, ii.108Pterophyllum, ii.439PTEROPIDÆ, ii.181PTEROPODA, ii.531Pteropodocys, ii.269PTEROPTOCHIDÆ, ii.297Pteroptochus, ii.297Pterorhinus, ii.261Pterosarion, ii.452Pterostichus, ii.489Pteruthius, ii.266Pterygophlichthys, ii.444Ptilocerus, ii.186Ptilochloris, ii.102,293Ptilogonys, ii.280Ptilonorhynchus, ii.275Ptilopachus, ii.338Ptilopus, ii.332Ptilorhis, ii.275Ptilostomus, ii.273Ptilotis, ii.275Ptosima, ii.497Ptyas, ii.375Ptychobarbus, ii.452Ptyonotus, ii.428Pucrasia, ii.340Puff-birds, ii.310Puffins, ii.367Puffinus, ii.365PULMONIFERA, ii.512Pulsatrix, ii.350Puncturella, ii.511Pupa, Eocene, i. 169Pupa vetusta, Palæozoic, i. 169Pupa, ii.514Pupina, ii.520Pupinella, ii.520Putorius, ii.198PYCNONOTIDÆ, ii.267Pycnonotus, ii.267Pycnophrys, ii.270Pyctorhis, ii.261Pygarrhicus, ii.103Pygmornis, ii.107Pygomeles, ii.397PYGOPODIDÆ, ii.395Pygoptila, ii.104Pygopus, ii.395PYRAMIDELLIDÆ, ii.509Pyrameis, ii.474Pyranga, ii.98Pyrenestes, ii.286Pyrgisoma, ii.284Pyrgita, ii.284Pyriglena, ii.104Pyrocephalus, ii.101,291Pyroderus, ii.103Pyromelana, ii.286Pyrophthalma, ii.259Pyrrhocoma, ii.99Pyrrhospiza, ii.285Pyrrhula, ii.285Pyrrhulauda, ii.289Pyrrhulina, ii.445Pyrrhulopsis, ii.325Pyrrhuloxia, ii.285Pyrrhura, ii.328Pytelia, ii.287Python, ii.381Pythonidæ, European Miocene, i. 165PYTHONIDÆ, ii.381Pythonodipsas, ii.379Pythonopsis, ii.376Pythons, ii.381Pyxicephalus, ii.420Pyxis, ii.408Q.Quadrumana, fossil, ii.178Quail-snipes, ii.354Querquedula, ii.363Querula, ii.102Quiscalus, ii.282R.Rachis, ii.524Racoon-dog of N. China, i. 226Racoons, ii.200Raia, ii.462RAIIDÆ, ii.462Rails, ii.351RALLIDÆ, ii.351Rallina, ii.352Rallus, ii.352Rana, European Miocene, i. 166ii.420Raniceps, ii.439RANIDÆ, ii.420Ranodon, ii.413Rappia, ii.419Rasbora, ii.452Rasborichthys, ii.453Rattle-snakes, ii.384Rays, ii.462Realia, ii.521Rectes, ii.272Recurvirostra, ii.353Regalecus, ii.432Region, the best term for the primary zoological divisions, i. 68Arctic, why not adopted, i. 69Palæarctic, defined, i. 71Palæarctic, subdivisions of, i. 71Ethiopian, defined, i. 73Ethiopian, subdivisions of, i. 73Oriental, defined, i. 75Oriental, subdivisions of, i. 75Australian, defined, i. 77Australian, subdivisions of, i. 77Neotropical, defined, i. 78Neotropical, subdivisions of, i. 78Nearctic, defined, i. 79Nearctic, distinct from Palæarctic, i. 79Nearctic, subdivisions of, i. 80Regions, zoological, i. 50zoological, how they should be formed, i. 53zoological, may be defined by negative or positive characters, i. 54zoological, by what class of animals best determined, i. 56for each class of animals, not advisable, i. 58zoological, proposed since 1857, i. 58zoological, Mr. Sclater's, i. 59zoological, discussion of those proposed by various authors, i. 61zoological, proportionate richness of, i. 64temperate and tropical, well marked in northern hemisphere, i. 65and zones, table of, i. 66comparative richness of, i. 81and sub-regions, table of, i. 81order of succession of the, i. 173Registoma, ii.521Reguloides, ii.258Regulus, ii.258Reinwardtænas, ii.333Reinwardtipicus, ii.303Reithrodon, ii.230Representative species, i. 4Reptiles, means of dispersal of, i. 28classification of, i. 98Miocene of Greece, i. 116of Indian Miocene deposits, i. 123extinct Tertiary, i. 165cosmopolitan groups of, i. 176peculiar to Palæarctic region, i. 186of Central Europe, i. 195of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 204of the Siberian sub-region, i. 220of the Manchurian sub-region, i. 227table of Palæarctic families of, i. 236of the Ethiopian region, i. 254of the E. African sub-region, i. 260of W. Africa, i. 264S. African, i. 268of Madagascar, i. 279table of Ethiopian families of, i. 297of the Oriental region, i. 317of the Indian sub-region, i. 326of Ceylon, i. 327of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, i. 331of the Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 340table of Oriental families of, i. 368of the Australian region, i. 396of New Guinea, i. 415of the Moluccas, i. 420of the Polynesian sub-region, i. 447of New Zealand, i. 456table of Australian families of, i. 472Neotropical, ii.9of S. Temperate America, ii.40of the Mexican sub-region, ii.54of the Antilles, ii.72table of Neotropical families of, ii.88of the Nearctic region, ii.119of California, ii.128of Central N. America, ii.131of Eastern United States, ii.133of Canada, ii.137table of Nearctic families of, ii.142summary and conclusion, ii.547REPTILIA, ii.372Retropinna, ii.447Revillagigedo Islands, zoology of, ii.60Rhabdornis, ii.265Rhabdosoma, ii.374RACHIODONTIDÆ, ii.377Rhacophorus, ii.419Rhamnophis, ii.376RHAMPHASTIDÆ, ii.306Rhamphastos, ii.307Rhamphichthys, ii.455Rhamphocænus, ii.104Rhamphococcyx, ii.309Rhamphocinclus, ii.256Rhamphocœlus, ii.98Rhamphomicron, ii.108Rhaphaulus, ii.520Rhea, in Brazilian caves, i. 164ii.368Rhinaster, ii.213Rhinatrema, ii.411Rhinechis, ii.376Rhinelepis, ii.444Rhinichthys, ii.452RHINIDÆ, ii.462RHINOBATIDÆ, ii.462Rhinoceros, Post-Pliocene, i. 112European Pliocene, i. 113Miocene of Greece, i. 116Indian Miocene, i. 122fossil remains of, at 16,000 feet elevation in Thibet, i. 122fossil in N. China, i. 123N. American Tertiary, i. 136ii.213Rhinoceros-hornbill, figure of, i. 339Rhinocerotidæ, N. American Tertiary, i. 136RHINOCEROTIDÆ, ii.213RHINOCHETIDÆ, ii.359Rhinochetus, ii.359Rhinococcyx, ii.309Rhinocrypta, ii.297Rhinoderma, ii.416RHINODONTIDÆ, ii.461Rhinodoras, ii.443Rhinogale, ii.195Rhinoglanis, ii.443RHINOLOPHIDÆ, ii.182Rhinolophus, ii.183Rhinophis, ii.374RHINOPHRYNIDÆ, ii.414Rhinophrynus, ii.414Rhinoplax, ii.317Rhinopoma, ii.183Rhinortha, ii.309Rhipidura, ii.271Rhizomys, ii.231Rhodeus, ii.452Rhodinocincla, ii.256Rhodona, ii.397Rhodopis, ii.108Rhodosttehia, ii.364Rhombomys, ii.230Rhombus, ii.441Rhopodytes, ii.309Rhopoterpe, ii.104Rhynchæa, ii.353RHYNCHOCEPHALIDÆ, ii.405RHYNCHOCEPHALINA, ii.405Rhynchocyon, ii.186Rhynchocyclus, ii.101Rhynchonella, ii.539RHYNCHONELLIDÆ, ii.532Rhynchops, ii.365Rhynchopsitta, ii.328Rhynchotus, ii.344Rhytina, ii.210,211Rhytiodus, ii.445Ricinula, ii.507Rimator, ii.263Rimula, ii.511Rissa, ii.364Rissoa, ii.510Rita, ii.442River-hog, of West Africa, figure of, i. 264of Madagascar, figure of, i. 278Rivers, limiting the range of mammalia, i. 12limiting the range of birds, i. 17River-scene in West Africa, i. 264River-snails, ii.510Rivulus, ii.450Rock-snakes, ii.381Rocky mountain sub-region, ii.129mammalia of, ii.129birds of, ii.130reptiles, amphibia, and fishes of, ii.130Rodentia, classification of, i. 90range of Palæarctic genera of, i. 242range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 304range of Oriental genera of, i. 374range of Australian genera of, i. 476Rodentia, European Pliocene, i. 113Miocene of Greece, i. 116European Miocene, i. 120European Eocene, i. 126N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130N. American Tertiary, i. 139of Brazilian caves, i. 144S. American Pliocene, i. 147of S. American Eocene, i. 148RODENTIA, ii.229Rodentia, general remarks on the distribution of, ii.243Rodentia, summary and conclusion, ii.543Rohteichthys, ii.452Rollers, ii.311Rollulus, ii.339Romaleosoma, ii.474Rose-chafers, ii.494Rostrhamus, ii.349Rough-tailed burrowing snakes, ii.374Ruff, figure of, i. 195Rupicapra, ii.224,225RUPICAPRINÆ, ii.224Rupicola, ii.102,293RUPICOLINÆ, ii.293Ruticilla, ii.259RUTICILLINÆ, ii.257S.Saccobranchus, ii.441Saccodon, ii.445SACCOMYIDÆ, ii.233Saccomys, ii.233Saccostomus, ii.230Sagda, ii.516Sahara, a debatable land, i. 251Saiga, antelope of W. Tartary, i. 218Saiga, ii.223Saimiris, ii.175Sakis, ii.175Salamandra, ii.413SALAMANDRIDÆ, ii.413Salamandrina, ii.413Salarix, ii.448Salminus, ii.445Salmo, ii.447SALMONIDÆ, ii.447Salpinctes, ii.264Salpornis, ii.264Saltator, ii.99Salvin, Mr., on birds of Galapagos, ii.30Sambus, ii.496Samoa Islands, birds of, i. 443Sand-grouse, Pallas', of Mongolia, i. 226ii.337Sand-lizards, ii.398Sandpipers, ii.353Sandwich Islands, birds of, i. 445probable past history of, i. 446mountain plants of, i. 446depth of ocean around, i. 447Sanzinia, ii.381Saperda, ii.501Sapphironia, ii.109Sarcodaces, ii.445Sarcophilus, ii.249SARCORHAMPHINÆ, ii.346Sarcorhamphus, ii.346Sargus, ii.427Sarkidiornis, ii.363Saroglossa, ii.288Sarotherodon, ii.438Sasia, ii.303Satanoperca, ii.439SATYRIDÆ, ii.471Satyrites Reynesii, European Cretaceous insect, i. 167Satyrus, ii.471Saucerottia, ii.109Saunders, Mr. Edward, on the Buprestidæ of Japan, i. 229Saurocetes, ii.210Saurophis, ii.392Saurothera, ii.309Saxicola, ii.260
European Miocene, i. 118
ii.200
Promerops of East Africa, figure of, i. 261
Promerops, ii.276
Pronophilia, ii.471
Propalæotherium, European Eocene, i. 126
Proparus, ii.266
Propyrrhula, ii.285
Prorastomus, ii.211
Proserpina, ii.527
PROSOBRANCHIATA, ii.507
Prosthemadera, ii.275
PROTEIDÆ, ii.412
Proteles, ii.196
PROTELIDÆ, ii.196
Protemnodon, Australian Post-Tertiary, i. 157
ii.251
Proteus, ii.412
Prothoe, ii.474
Protohippus, N. American Tertiary, i. 135
Protomeryx, N. American Tertiary, i. 138
ii.217
Protonopsis, ii.412
Protonotaria, ii.279
Protopithecus, in Brazilian caves, i. 144
ii.178
Protopterus, ii.458
Protornis, European Eocene, i. 162
Prototomus, N. American Tertiary, i. 134
Prototroctes, ii.446
Psalidoprogne, ii.281
Psaltria, ii.266
Psaltriparus, ii.266
Psammodromus, ii.391
Psammodynastes, ii.377
Psammomys, ii.230
PSAMMOPHIDÆ, ii.377
Psammophis, ii.377
Psammosaurus, ii.389
Psarisomus, ii.295
Psephotus, ii.325
Pseudacris, ii.418
Pseudælurus, European Miocene, i. 118
ii.194
Pseudalopex, ii.197
Pseudecheneis, ii.444
Pseudechis, ii.383
Pseudeutropius, ii.442
Pseudis, ii.420
Pseudobagrus, ii.442
Pseudobias, ii.270
Pseudobufo, ii.415
Pseudochalceus, ii.445
Pseudochelidon, ii.312
Pseudocolaptes, ii.103
Pseudocordylus, ii.392
Pseudocyon, European Miocene, i. 118
ii.198
Pseudodipsas, ii.477
Pseudogobio, ii.452
Pseudogryphis, ii.346
Pseudogyps, ii.346
Pseudohage, ii.383
Pseudolabuca, ii.453
Pseudoleistes, ii.282
Pseudomorpha, ii.490
Pseudomys, ii.230
Pseudonaje, ii.383
Pseudoperilampus, ii.452
PSEUDOPHIDIA, ii.411
Pseudophryne, ii.414
Pseudopontia, ii.478
Pseudopus, ii.392
Pseudorasbora, ii.452
Pseudorca, ii.209
Pseudoscops, ii.350
Pseudoxiphophorus, ii.450
Psilopogon, ii.306
Psiloptera, ii.497
Psilorhamphus, ii.104
Psilorhinus, ii.273
Psilorhynchus, ii.453
Psittaci, classification of, i. 96
range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 311
range of Oriental genera of, i. 383
range of Australian genera of, i. 484
PSITTACI, ii.324
general remarks on the distribution of, ii.329
PSITTACIDÆ, ii.328
Psittacula, ii.328
Psittacus, European Miocene, i. 161
ii.328
Psittinus, ii.326
Psittirostra, ii.277
Psittospiza, ii.99
Psophia, ii.358
PSOPHIIDÆ, ii.358
Psophodes, ii.262
PSYCHROLUTIDÆ, ii.436
Pterocles, European Miocene, i. 161
ii.337
PTEROCLIDÆ, ii.337
Pterocyclos, ii.520
Pterodon, European Miocene, i. 125
Pteroglossus, ii.307
Pteromys, ii.235
Pteromyzon, ii.463
PTEROMYZONTIDÆ, ii.463
Pteronura, ii.199
Pterophanes, ii.108
Pterophyllum, ii.439
PTEROPIDÆ, ii.181
PTEROPODA, ii.531
Pteropodocys, ii.269
PTEROPTOCHIDÆ, ii.297
Pteroptochus, ii.297
Pterorhinus, ii.261
Pterosarion, ii.452
Pterostichus, ii.489
Pteruthius, ii.266
Pterygophlichthys, ii.444
Ptilocerus, ii.186
Ptilochloris, ii.102,293
Ptilogonys, ii.280
Ptilonorhynchus, ii.275
Ptilopachus, ii.338
Ptilopus, ii.332
Ptilorhis, ii.275
Ptilostomus, ii.273
Ptilotis, ii.275
Ptosima, ii.497
Ptyas, ii.375
Ptychobarbus, ii.452
Ptyonotus, ii.428
Pucrasia, ii.340
Puff-birds, ii.310
Puffins, ii.367
Puffinus, ii.365
PULMONIFERA, ii.512
Pulsatrix, ii.350
Puncturella, ii.511
Pupa, Eocene, i. 169
Pupa vetusta, Palæozoic, i. 169
Pupa, ii.514
Pupina, ii.520
Pupinella, ii.520
Putorius, ii.198
PYCNONOTIDÆ, ii.267
Pycnonotus, ii.267
Pycnophrys, ii.270
Pyctorhis, ii.261
Pygarrhicus, ii.103
Pygmornis, ii.107
Pygomeles, ii.397
PYGOPODIDÆ, ii.395
Pygoptila, ii.104
Pygopus, ii.395
PYRAMIDELLIDÆ, ii.509
Pyrameis, ii.474
Pyranga, ii.98
Pyrenestes, ii.286
Pyrgisoma, ii.284
Pyrgita, ii.284
Pyriglena, ii.104
Pyrocephalus, ii.101,291
Pyroderus, ii.103
Pyromelana, ii.286
Pyrophthalma, ii.259
Pyrrhocoma, ii.99
Pyrrhospiza, ii.285
Pyrrhula, ii.285
Pyrrhulauda, ii.289
Pyrrhulina, ii.445
Pyrrhulopsis, ii.325
Pyrrhuloxia, ii.285
Pyrrhura, ii.328
Pytelia, ii.287
Python, ii.381
Pythonidæ, European Miocene, i. 165
PYTHONIDÆ, ii.381
Pythonodipsas, ii.379
Pythonopsis, ii.376
Pythons, ii.381
Pyxicephalus, ii.420
Pyxis, ii.408
Q.
Quadrumana, fossil, ii.178
Quail-snipes, ii.354
Querquedula, ii.363
Querula, ii.102
Quiscalus, ii.282
R.
Rachis, ii.524
Racoon-dog of N. China, i. 226
Racoons, ii.200
Raia, ii.462
RAIIDÆ, ii.462
Rails, ii.351
RALLIDÆ, ii.351
Rallina, ii.352
Rallus, ii.352
Rana, European Miocene, i. 166
ii.420
Raniceps, ii.439
RANIDÆ, ii.420
Ranodon, ii.413
Rappia, ii.419
Rasbora, ii.452
Rasborichthys, ii.453
Rattle-snakes, ii.384
Rays, ii.462
Realia, ii.521
Rectes, ii.272
Recurvirostra, ii.353
Regalecus, ii.432
Region, the best term for the primary zoological divisions, i. 68
Arctic, why not adopted, i. 69
Palæarctic, defined, i. 71
Palæarctic, subdivisions of, i. 71
Ethiopian, defined, i. 73
Ethiopian, subdivisions of, i. 73
Oriental, defined, i. 75
Oriental, subdivisions of, i. 75
Australian, defined, i. 77
Australian, subdivisions of, i. 77
Neotropical, defined, i. 78
Neotropical, subdivisions of, i. 78
Nearctic, defined, i. 79
Nearctic, distinct from Palæarctic, i. 79
Nearctic, subdivisions of, i. 80
Regions, zoological, i. 50
zoological, how they should be formed, i. 53
zoological, may be defined by negative or positive characters, i. 54
zoological, by what class of animals best determined, i. 56
for each class of animals, not advisable, i. 58
zoological, proposed since 1857, i. 58
zoological, Mr. Sclater's, i. 59
zoological, discussion of those proposed by various authors, i. 61
zoological, proportionate richness of, i. 64
temperate and tropical, well marked in northern hemisphere, i. 65
and zones, table of, i. 66
comparative richness of, i. 81
and sub-regions, table of, i. 81
order of succession of the, i. 173
Registoma, ii.521
Reguloides, ii.258
Regulus, ii.258
Reinwardtænas, ii.333
Reinwardtipicus, ii.303
Reithrodon, ii.230
Representative species, i. 4
Reptiles, means of dispersal of, i. 28
classification of, i. 98
Miocene of Greece, i. 116
of Indian Miocene deposits, i. 123
extinct Tertiary, i. 165
cosmopolitan groups of, i. 176
peculiar to Palæarctic region, i. 186
of Central Europe, i. 195
of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 204
of the Siberian sub-region, i. 220
of the Manchurian sub-region, i. 227
table of Palæarctic families of, i. 236
of the Ethiopian region, i. 254
of the E. African sub-region, i. 260
of W. Africa, i. 264
S. African, i. 268
of Madagascar, i. 279
table of Ethiopian families of, i. 297
of the Oriental region, i. 317
of the Indian sub-region, i. 326
of Ceylon, i. 327
of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, i. 331
of the Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 340
table of Oriental families of, i. 368
of the Australian region, i. 396
of New Guinea, i. 415
of the Moluccas, i. 420
of the Polynesian sub-region, i. 447
of New Zealand, i. 456
table of Australian families of, i. 472
Neotropical, ii.9
of S. Temperate America, ii.40
of the Mexican sub-region, ii.54
of the Antilles, ii.72
table of Neotropical families of, ii.88
of the Nearctic region, ii.119
of California, ii.128
of Central N. America, ii.131
of Eastern United States, ii.133
of Canada, ii.137
table of Nearctic families of, ii.142
summary and conclusion, ii.547
REPTILIA, ii.372
Retropinna, ii.447
Revillagigedo Islands, zoology of, ii.60
Rhabdornis, ii.265
Rhabdosoma, ii.374
RACHIODONTIDÆ, ii.377
Rhacophorus, ii.419
Rhamnophis, ii.376
RHAMPHASTIDÆ, ii.306
Rhamphastos, ii.307
Rhamphichthys, ii.455
Rhamphocænus, ii.104
Rhamphococcyx, ii.309
Rhamphocinclus, ii.256
Rhamphocœlus, ii.98
Rhamphomicron, ii.108
Rhaphaulus, ii.520
Rhea, in Brazilian caves, i. 164
ii.368
Rhinaster, ii.213
Rhinatrema, ii.411
Rhinechis, ii.376
Rhinelepis, ii.444
Rhinichthys, ii.452
RHINIDÆ, ii.462
RHINOBATIDÆ, ii.462
Rhinoceros, Post-Pliocene, i. 112
European Pliocene, i. 113
Miocene of Greece, i. 116
Indian Miocene, i. 122
fossil remains of, at 16,000 feet elevation in Thibet, i. 122
fossil in N. China, i. 123
N. American Tertiary, i. 136
ii.213
Rhinoceros-hornbill, figure of, i. 339
Rhinocerotidæ, N. American Tertiary, i. 136
RHINOCEROTIDÆ, ii.213
RHINOCHETIDÆ, ii.359
Rhinochetus, ii.359
Rhinococcyx, ii.309
Rhinocrypta, ii.297
Rhinoderma, ii.416
RHINODONTIDÆ, ii.461
Rhinodoras, ii.443
Rhinogale, ii.195
Rhinoglanis, ii.443
RHINOLOPHIDÆ, ii.182
Rhinolophus, ii.183
Rhinophis, ii.374
RHINOPHRYNIDÆ, ii.414
Rhinophrynus, ii.414
Rhinoplax, ii.317
Rhinopoma, ii.183
Rhinortha, ii.309
Rhipidura, ii.271
Rhizomys, ii.231
Rhodeus, ii.452
Rhodinocincla, ii.256
Rhodona, ii.397
Rhodopis, ii.108
Rhodosttehia, ii.364
Rhombomys, ii.230
Rhombus, ii.441
Rhopodytes, ii.309
Rhopoterpe, ii.104
Rhynchæa, ii.353
RHYNCHOCEPHALIDÆ, ii.405
RHYNCHOCEPHALINA, ii.405
Rhynchocyon, ii.186
Rhynchocyclus, ii.101
Rhynchonella, ii.539
RHYNCHONELLIDÆ, ii.532
Rhynchops, ii.365
Rhynchopsitta, ii.328
Rhynchotus, ii.344
Rhytina, ii.210,211
Rhytiodus, ii.445
Ricinula, ii.507
Rimator, ii.263
Rimula, ii.511
Rissa, ii.364
Rissoa, ii.510
Rita, ii.442
River-hog, of West Africa, figure of, i. 264
of Madagascar, figure of, i. 278
Rivers, limiting the range of mammalia, i. 12
limiting the range of birds, i. 17
River-scene in West Africa, i. 264
River-snails, ii.510
Rivulus, ii.450
Rock-snakes, ii.381
Rocky mountain sub-region, ii.129
mammalia of, ii.129
birds of, ii.130
reptiles, amphibia, and fishes of, ii.130
Rodentia, classification of, i. 90
range of Palæarctic genera of, i. 242
range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 304
range of Oriental genera of, i. 374
range of Australian genera of, i. 476
Rodentia, European Pliocene, i. 113
Miocene of Greece, i. 116
European Miocene, i. 120
European Eocene, i. 126
N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130
N. American Tertiary, i. 139
of Brazilian caves, i. 144
S. American Pliocene, i. 147
of S. American Eocene, i. 148
RODENTIA, ii.229
Rodentia, general remarks on the distribution of, ii.243
Rodentia, summary and conclusion, ii.543
Rohteichthys, ii.452
Rollers, ii.311
Rollulus, ii.339
Romaleosoma, ii.474
Rose-chafers, ii.494
Rostrhamus, ii.349
Rough-tailed burrowing snakes, ii.374
Ruff, figure of, i. 195
Rupicapra, ii.224,225
RUPICAPRINÆ, ii.224
Rupicola, ii.102,293
RUPICOLINÆ, ii.293
Ruticilla, ii.259
RUTICILLINÆ, ii.257
S.
Saccobranchus, ii.441
Saccodon, ii.445
SACCOMYIDÆ, ii.233
Saccomys, ii.233
Saccostomus, ii.230
Sagda, ii.516
Sahara, a debatable land, i. 251
Saiga, antelope of W. Tartary, i. 218
Saiga, ii.223
Saimiris, ii.175
Sakis, ii.175
Salamandra, ii.413
SALAMANDRIDÆ, ii.413
Salamandrina, ii.413
Salarix, ii.448
Salminus, ii.445
Salmo, ii.447
SALMONIDÆ, ii.447
Salpinctes, ii.264
Salpornis, ii.264
Saltator, ii.99
Salvin, Mr., on birds of Galapagos, ii.30
Sambus, ii.496
Samoa Islands, birds of, i. 443
Sand-grouse, Pallas', of Mongolia, i. 226
ii.337
Sand-lizards, ii.398
Sandpipers, ii.353
Sandwich Islands, birds of, i. 445
probable past history of, i. 446
mountain plants of, i. 446
depth of ocean around, i. 447
Sanzinia, ii.381
Saperda, ii.501
Sapphironia, ii.109
Sarcodaces, ii.445
Sarcophilus, ii.249
SARCORHAMPHINÆ, ii.346
Sarcorhamphus, ii.346
Sargus, ii.427
Sarkidiornis, ii.363
Saroglossa, ii.288
Sarotherodon, ii.438
Sasia, ii.303
Satanoperca, ii.439
SATYRIDÆ, ii.471
Satyrites Reynesii, European Cretaceous insect, i. 167
Satyrus, ii.471
Saucerottia, ii.109
Saunders, Mr. Edward, on the Buprestidæ of Japan, i. 229
Saurocetes, ii.210
Saurophis, ii.392
Saurothera, ii.309
Saxicola, ii.260