Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,
E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!
E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!
Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Na′wi i′na ha′yo ă′ă—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Translation
Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
Nä′nisa′na, nä′nisa′na,
E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!
E′yahe′ya, e′yahe′ya, he′e′ye′!
We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
We have our mother below; we have our father above—He′yoi′ya, he′e′ye′!
This song was composed by a woman named Niaha‛no′, who used to have frequent trances in which she would talk with departed Caddo and bring back messages from them to their friends. “Our mother below” is the earth. (Seepage 1096.)
Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′,Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′;Na′a-a′ ha′na′,Na′a-a′ ha′na′.
Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′,Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′;Na′a-a′ ha′na′,Na′a-a′ ha′na′.
Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′,Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′;Na′a-a′ ha′na′,Na′a-a′ ha′na′.
Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′,
Ni′ ika′ na′a ha′na′;
Na′a-a′ ha′na′,
Na′a-a′ ha′na′.
Translation
There are our grandmother and our father above,There are our grandmother and our father above;There is our father above,There is our father above.
There are our grandmother and our father above,There are our grandmother and our father above;There is our father above,There is our father above.
There are our grandmother and our father above,There are our grandmother and our father above;There is our father above,There is our father above.
There are our grandmother and our father above,
There are our grandmother and our father above;
There is our father above,
There is our father above.
By “grandmother” is meant the storm spirit or thunder. (See Caddo song 4.)
Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′,Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′;Na′nana′ ha′taha′,Na′nana′ ha′taha′.
Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′,Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′;Na′nana′ ha′taha′,Na′nana′ ha′taha′.
Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′,Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′;Na′nana′ ha′taha′,Na′nana′ ha′taha′.
Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,
Hi′na ha′natobi′na i′wi-na′,
Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′,
Na′ iwi′ i′wi-na′;
Na′nana′ ha′taha′,
Na′nana′ ha′taha′.
Translation
The eagle feather headdress from above,The eagle feather headdress from above,From the eagle above, from the eagle above;It is that feather we wear,It is that feather we wear.
The eagle feather headdress from above,The eagle feather headdress from above,From the eagle above, from the eagle above;It is that feather we wear,It is that feather we wear.
The eagle feather headdress from above,The eagle feather headdress from above,From the eagle above, from the eagle above;It is that feather we wear,It is that feather we wear.
The eagle feather headdress from above,
The eagle feather headdress from above,
From the eagle above, from the eagle above;
It is that feather we wear,
It is that feather we wear.
This refers to the eagle feather worn on the heads of the dancers. (See song number 12.) This song is in the Hai-nai dialect.
Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′,Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′.
Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′,Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′.
Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′,Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′.
Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,
Na′ ăă′ o′wi′ta′,
Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′,
Na′ kiwa′t Hai′-nai′.
Translation
The father comes from above,The father comes from above,From the home of the Hai-nai above,From the home of the Hai-nai above.
The father comes from above,The father comes from above,From the home of the Hai-nai above,From the home of the Hai-nai above.
The father comes from above,The father comes from above,From the home of the Hai-nai above,From the home of the Hai-nai above.
The father comes from above,
The father comes from above,
From the home of the Hai-nai above,
From the home of the Hai-nai above.
This song, like the last, was composed by one of the Hai-nai tribe, and refers to the silent majority of the band in the spirit world.
song[[audio/mpeg]MusicXML]
[[audio/mpeg]MusicXML]
Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;Na′ha′ na′daka′a′, Na′ha′ na′daka′a′.
Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;Na′ha′ na′daka′a′, Na′ha′ na′daka′a′.
Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;Na′ha′ na′daka′a′, Na′ha′ na′daka′a′.
Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,
Na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;
Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′,
Do′hya di′wabo′n na′ na′ iwi′ o′wi′ta′;
Na′ha′ na′daka′a′, Na′ha′ na′daka′a′.
Translation
See! the eagle comes,See! the eagle comes;Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes,Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes;Now we see him with the people,Now we see him with the people.
See! the eagle comes,See! the eagle comes;Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes,Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes;Now we see him with the people,Now we see him with the people.
See! the eagle comes,See! the eagle comes;Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes,Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes;Now we see him with the people,Now we see him with the people.
See! the eagle comes,
See! the eagle comes;
Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes,
Now at last we see him—look! look! the eagle comes;
Now we see him with the people,
Now we see him with the people.
This refers to what the Caddo call the “return of the eagle feathers” in the Ghost dance. With the Caddo, as with other tribes, the eagle is a sacred bird, and in the old times only the few medicine-men who knew the sacred formula would dare to kill one for the feathers. Should anyone else kill an eagle, his family would die or some other great misfortune would come upon him. The formula consisted of certain secret prayers and ritual performances. Among the Cherokee the eagle killer’s prayer was a petition to the eagle not to be revenged upon the tribe, because it was not an Indian, but a Spaniard, who had killed him—an indication of the vivid remembrance in which the cruelty of the early Spaniards was held among the southern tribes. To further guard against the anger of the eagles, the Cherokee eagle killer, on his return to the village, announced that he had killed, not an eagle, but a snowbird, the latter being too small and insignificant to be dreaded. The eagle-killing ceremony among the northern prairie tribes has been already described underArapaho song 47. The Caddo eagle killer always took with him a robe or some other valuable offering, and after shooting the eagle, making the prayer, and pulling out the tail and wing feathers he covered the body with the robe and left it there as a peace offering to the spirit of the eagle. The dead eagle was never brought home, as among the Cherokee. The last man of the Caddo who knew the eagle-killing ritual died some years ago, and since then they have had to go without eagle feathers or buy them from the Kiowa and other tribes. Since Sitting Bull came down and “gave the feather”to the leaders of the dance the prohibition is removed, and men and women alike are now at liberty to get and wear eagle feathers as they will.
A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′sa′na′? A′nana′sa′na′?Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′sa′na′? A′ana′sa′na′?
A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′sa′na′? A′nana′sa′na′?Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′sa′na′? A′ana′sa′na′?
A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′sa′na′? A′nana′sa′na′?Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!A′nana′sa′na′? A′ana′sa′na′?
A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!
A′nana′ hana′nito′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!
A′nana′sa′na′? A′nana′sa′na′?
Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!
Ha′yo ha′nitu′ ni′ahu′na—He′e′ye′!
A′nana′sa′na′? A′ana′sa′na′?
Translation
The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!Is he doing it? Is he doing it?The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!Is he doing it? Is he doing it?
The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!Is he doing it? Is he doing it?The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!Is he doing it? Is he doing it?
The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!Is he doing it? Is he doing it?The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!Is he doing it? Is he doing it?
The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!
The feather has come back from above—He′e′ye′!
Is he doing it? Is he doing it?
The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!
The feather has returned from on high—He′e′ye′!
Is he doing it? Is he doing it?
This refers to the return of the eagle feathers, as noted in the preceding song. The question “Is he doing it?” is equivalent to asking, “Is this the work of the father?”—an affirmative answer being understood.
Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′,Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′;Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′,Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′.Na′ha na′ni′asa′,Na′ha na′ni′asa′.
Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′,Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′;Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′,Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′.Na′ha na′ni′asa′,Na′ha na′ni′asa′.
Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′,Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′;Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′,Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′.Na′ha na′ni′asa′,Na′ha na′ni′asa′.
Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′,
Na′ iwi′ ha′naa′;
Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′,
Wû′nti ha′yano′ na′nia′sana′.
Na′ha na′ni′asa′,
Na′ha na′ni′asa′.
Translation
There is an eagle above,There is an eagle above;All the people are using it,All the people are using it.See! They use it,See! They use it.
There is an eagle above,There is an eagle above;All the people are using it,All the people are using it.See! They use it,See! They use it.
There is an eagle above,There is an eagle above;All the people are using it,All the people are using it.See! They use it,See! They use it.
There is an eagle above,
There is an eagle above;
All the people are using it,
All the people are using it.
See! They use it,
See! They use it.
This song also refers to the use of eagle feathers in the dance.
song[[audio/mpeg]MusicXML]
[[audio/mpeg]MusicXML]
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′,Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′.Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!Na′hayo′ na′,Na′hayo′ na′ă′ă′ ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′,Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′.Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!Na′hayo′ na′,Na′hayo′ na′ă′ă′ ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′,Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′.Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!Na′hayo′ na′,Na′hayo′ na′ă′ă′ ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.
Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′,
Wi′tŭ′ Ha′sini′ di′witi′a′a′.
Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!
Ki′wat ha′-ime′—He′e′ye′!
Na′hayo′ na′,
Na′hayo′ na′ă′ă′ ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!
I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!
I′na ko′iă′—He′e′ye′!
Translation
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.Come on, Caddo, we are all going up,Come on, Caddo, we are all going up.To the great village—He′e′ye′!To the great village—He′e′ye′!With our father above,With our father above where he dwells on high—He′e′ye′!Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.Come on, Caddo, we are all going up,Come on, Caddo, we are all going up.To the great village—He′e′ye′!To the great village—He′e′ye′!With our father above,With our father above where he dwells on high—He′e′ye′!Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.Come on, Caddo, we are all going up,Come on, Caddo, we are all going up.To the great village—He′e′ye′!To the great village—He′e′ye′!With our father above,With our father above where he dwells on high—He′e′ye′!Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na,
E′yehe′! Nä′nisa′na.
Come on, Caddo, we are all going up,
Come on, Caddo, we are all going up.
To the great village—He′e′ye′!
To the great village—He′e′ye′!
With our father above,
With our father above where he dwells on high—He′e′ye′!
Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!
Where our mother dwells—He′e′ye′!
The sentiment and swinging tune of this spirited song make it one of the favorites. It encourages the dancers in the hope of a speedy reunion of the whole Caddo nation, living and dead, in the “great village” of their father above, and needs no further explanation.
Ăă—father.Ăă Kakĭ′mbawiût—“the prayer of all to the Father;” fromaa, the Father, i. e., God, andtsĭmba′dikû, I pray; the Ghost dance, also calledNä′nisa′na Gao′shăn, Nä′nisa′na dance.A′nana—forNănă′.A′nanasa′na—forNana′sana.Ba′hakosĭn—“striped arrows,” frombah, arrow; the Caddo name for the Cheyenne. They sometimes call themSiä′näbo, from their Comanche name.Cha′‛kanĭ′na—“the place of crying;” the traditional first settlement of the Caddo tribes, where they came up out of the ground, at the mouth of Red river, on the south bank, in Louisiana.Detse-ka′yăă—“dog eaters;” the Caddo name for the Arapaho.Di′wabon—we see him;tsibo′nă, I see him.Di′wïti′ă—we are all going up, we shall all ascend;tsidiû′, I ascend.Do′hya—now, at once.E′yahe′ya!—an unmeaning exclamation used in the songs.E′yehe′!—ibid.Ganio′sĭt—he (she) is painted;atsĭno′sĭt, I paint myself.Gao′shăn—a dance;ga′tsioshăn, I dance.Gû′kwûts—my (plural);gûkwû′nda, my (singular);ha′nĭn gû′kwûts, my children.Hă′-iă—he (she) dwells there below. CompareKo′iă.Ha′-imi—large.Hai′-nai—a tribe of the Caddo confederacy.Hă′naăorHă′nă—there he is! that is he!Ha′nani′to—this feather, the feather;ni′toh, feather;ha′taha, feather (generic).Ha′natobi′na—a feather headdress; feathers prepared to wear on the head.Ha′nĭn—children.Ha′nitu—forNi′toh.Hasi′niorHasi′nai—the Caddo; the generic name used by themselves.Ha′taha—feather (generic);nitoh, feather (specific).Ha′wano—paint.Ha′yano—people.Ha′yo—above, on high. CompareNaha′yo.He′eye′!—an unmeaning exclamation used in the songs.He′yahe′eye′!—ibid.He′yawe′ya!—ibid.He′yoi′ya!—ibid.Hi′na—eagle feathers.Ika—grandmother; a term sometimes applied to the thunder or storm spirit.Ină′—mother;na ină′, mother above.I′tsiya—I have come;hatsi′ûs, I come.I′wi—eagle; also the name of a Caddo gens.Ka′găhănĭn—thunder; a Caddo gens.Ka′g‛aih—crow; a Caddo gens.Kaka′na—they cried;ha‛tsikaka′s, I cry.Ka′ntsi—“cheats;” the Caddo name for the Kiowa Apache, Lipan, and Mescalero.Kĭ′shi—panther; a Caddo gens.Kiwa′t—village, town, settlement.Koho′—alligator; another name for the Ta′năhă or Buffalo gens of the Caddo.Ko′iă—where he dwells above;tă′-iă, he dwells above;datsii′ă, I dwell above.Na—see! look! now!—also coming down from above, asiwi-na, the eagle coming down from above.Năă′—father above, i. e., God; fromăă′, father, andna, above, on high.Na′daka—with the people.Nahă′—that’s all! now you see! there now!Naha′yo—up, above, the plural ofHa′yo.Hasi′ni diwĭti′a na′hayo, all the Caddo are going up, everybody of the Caddo is going up.Na-iye′—sister above; fromna, above, in composition, andiye′, sister.Nănă′orNă′nănă′—that one (demonstrative).Nana′sana—is he making it?Na‛ni′asa—they are using it;ha′tsĭna′sa, I use it.Na′nia′sana—forNa`ni′asa.Nä′nisa′na—an Arapaho word, adopted by the Caddo in the Ghost-dance songs and meaning “my children.”Nä′nisa′na gao′shăn—“Nänisana dance,” one of the Caddo names for the Ghost dance, fromgao′shăn, a dance, andnänisa′na(q. v.), an Arapaho word which forms the burden of so many Arapaho Ghost-dance songs. It is also calledĂă Kakĭ′mbawiût, “the prayer of all to the Father.”Na′tsiwa′ya—I am coming.Na′wi—below;ha′yo, above.Nawotsi—bear; a Caddo gens.Ni—a syllable prefixed merely to fill in the meter.Niahu′na—forNĭ′tahŭ′nt.Nĭ′tahŭ′nt—it has returned. It has come back;tsĭtsihŭ′nă, I return;Ni′‛tsiho, when I returned.Ni′toh—feather (specific);ha′taha, feather (generic).Ni′‛tsiho—when I returned. CompareNĭ′tahŭ′nt.Nû′na—because.O′ăt—raccoon; a Caddo gens.O′wita—he comes;a′tsiûs, I come.Sha′‛chidĭ′ni—“Timber hill,” a former Caddo settlement on Caddo lake, Louisiana.Si′bocha′ha—I want to see them;hatsi′bos, I see.Sûko—sun; a Caddo gens.Tă′-iă—he dwells above. CompareKo′iă.Ta′năhă—buffalo; a Caddo gens.Ta′o—beaver; a Caddo gens.Tasha—wolf; a Caddo gens.Tsaba′kosh—cut-throats; the Caddo name for the Sioux.Wa′hiya′ne!—an unmeaning exclamation used in the songs.Wi′ahe′eye′!—ibid.Wi′tŭ!—come on! get ready.Wû′nti—all of them.
Ăă—father.
Ăă Kakĭ′mbawiût—“the prayer of all to the Father;” fromaa, the Father, i. e., God, andtsĭmba′dikû, I pray; the Ghost dance, also calledNä′nisa′na Gao′shăn, Nä′nisa′na dance.
A′nana—forNănă′.
A′nanasa′na—forNana′sana.
Ba′hakosĭn—“striped arrows,” frombah, arrow; the Caddo name for the Cheyenne. They sometimes call themSiä′näbo, from their Comanche name.
Cha′‛kanĭ′na—“the place of crying;” the traditional first settlement of the Caddo tribes, where they came up out of the ground, at the mouth of Red river, on the south bank, in Louisiana.
Detse-ka′yăă—“dog eaters;” the Caddo name for the Arapaho.
Di′wabon—we see him;tsibo′nă, I see him.
Di′wïti′ă—we are all going up, we shall all ascend;tsidiû′, I ascend.
Do′hya—now, at once.
E′yahe′ya!—an unmeaning exclamation used in the songs.
E′yehe′!—ibid.
Ganio′sĭt—he (she) is painted;atsĭno′sĭt, I paint myself.
Gao′shăn—a dance;ga′tsioshăn, I dance.
Gû′kwûts—my (plural);gûkwû′nda, my (singular);ha′nĭn gû′kwûts, my children.
Hă′-iă—he (she) dwells there below. CompareKo′iă.
Ha′-imi—large.
Hai′-nai—a tribe of the Caddo confederacy.
Hă′naăorHă′nă—there he is! that is he!
Ha′nani′to—this feather, the feather;ni′toh, feather;ha′taha, feather (generic).
Ha′natobi′na—a feather headdress; feathers prepared to wear on the head.
Ha′nĭn—children.
Ha′nitu—forNi′toh.
Hasi′niorHasi′nai—the Caddo; the generic name used by themselves.
Ha′taha—feather (generic);nitoh, feather (specific).
Ha′wano—paint.
Ha′yano—people.
Ha′yo—above, on high. CompareNaha′yo.
He′eye′!—an unmeaning exclamation used in the songs.
He′yahe′eye′!—ibid.
He′yawe′ya!—ibid.
He′yoi′ya!—ibid.
Hi′na—eagle feathers.
Ika—grandmother; a term sometimes applied to the thunder or storm spirit.
Ină′—mother;na ină′, mother above.
I′tsiya—I have come;hatsi′ûs, I come.
I′wi—eagle; also the name of a Caddo gens.
Ka′găhănĭn—thunder; a Caddo gens.
Ka′g‛aih—crow; a Caddo gens.
Kaka′na—they cried;ha‛tsikaka′s, I cry.
Ka′ntsi—“cheats;” the Caddo name for the Kiowa Apache, Lipan, and Mescalero.
Kĭ′shi—panther; a Caddo gens.
Kiwa′t—village, town, settlement.
Koho′—alligator; another name for the Ta′năhă or Buffalo gens of the Caddo.
Ko′iă—where he dwells above;tă′-iă, he dwells above;datsii′ă, I dwell above.
Na—see! look! now!—also coming down from above, asiwi-na, the eagle coming down from above.
Năă′—father above, i. e., God; fromăă′, father, andna, above, on high.
Na′daka—with the people.
Nahă′—that’s all! now you see! there now!
Naha′yo—up, above, the plural ofHa′yo.Hasi′ni diwĭti′a na′hayo, all the Caddo are going up, everybody of the Caddo is going up.
Na-iye′—sister above; fromna, above, in composition, andiye′, sister.
Nănă′orNă′nănă′—that one (demonstrative).
Nana′sana—is he making it?
Na‛ni′asa—they are using it;ha′tsĭna′sa, I use it.
Na′nia′sana—forNa`ni′asa.
Nä′nisa′na—an Arapaho word, adopted by the Caddo in the Ghost-dance songs and meaning “my children.”
Nä′nisa′na gao′shăn—“Nänisana dance,” one of the Caddo names for the Ghost dance, fromgao′shăn, a dance, andnänisa′na(q. v.), an Arapaho word which forms the burden of so many Arapaho Ghost-dance songs. It is also calledĂă Kakĭ′mbawiût, “the prayer of all to the Father.”
Na′tsiwa′ya—I am coming.
Na′wi—below;ha′yo, above.
Nawotsi—bear; a Caddo gens.
Ni—a syllable prefixed merely to fill in the meter.
Niahu′na—forNĭ′tahŭ′nt.
Nĭ′tahŭ′nt—it has returned. It has come back;tsĭtsihŭ′nă, I return;Ni′‛tsiho, when I returned.
Ni′toh—feather (specific);ha′taha, feather (generic).
Ni′‛tsiho—when I returned. CompareNĭ′tahŭ′nt.
Nû′na—because.
O′ăt—raccoon; a Caddo gens.
O′wita—he comes;a′tsiûs, I come.
Sha′‛chidĭ′ni—“Timber hill,” a former Caddo settlement on Caddo lake, Louisiana.
Si′bocha′ha—I want to see them;hatsi′bos, I see.
Sûko—sun; a Caddo gens.
Tă′-iă—he dwells above. CompareKo′iă.
Ta′năhă—buffalo; a Caddo gens.
Ta′o—beaver; a Caddo gens.
Tasha—wolf; a Caddo gens.
Tsaba′kosh—cut-throats; the Caddo name for the Sioux.
Wa′hiya′ne!—an unmeaning exclamation used in the songs.
Wi′ahe′eye′!—ibid.
Wi′tŭ!—come on! get ready.
Wû′nti—all of them.