Polaris Bay,100; state of lime-juice found in,305; sledge-crew recruiting at,346,349.“Polaris,” visit to her second winter quarters,53,54; her cruise,72; Dr. Bessels of,92,99; land seen from,101; musk-ox shot by crew of,106; Eskimo kind to crew of,360.Polarization of light, observations,180.“Poppie,” H.M. sledge, Lieut. Giffard,217,259.Poppies,57,74.Popular entertainments in winter quarters,168,169; programmes,175,176.Portsmouth Dockyard, ships fitting out at,1; harbour, departure of expedition from,9,10; return to,368.Potentillas,340.Prayers,187. (SeeDivine service.)Presents to the expedition,6,7,193,194.President Land has no existence,101.Prince Patrick Island, heavy pack on west coast of,200.Prince Regent Inlet, formation of cliffs,64,67.Printing office in winter quarters,164,165; prospectus,164; bills of fare,185.Prologue, Royal Arctic Theatre,172,173.Protococcus nivalis,48.Proven, arrival at,38; survey of,39.Provisions for sledging, weight,233; scale,237.Ptarmigan,225.Pullen, Rev. W. H., chaplain, H.M.S. “Alert,” glees by,216; lecture on Arctic plants,169; author of the prologue,171,172,176; leads the choir,187; Christmas bill of fare by,196; lines on the New Year by,202; a burlesque operetta written by,214; grand chorus composed by,216; service on departure of sledges,258,259; lines welcoming return of sledges by,336.Queenstown, rendezvous at,367.Radmore, John, chief carpenter’s mate, H.M.S. “Alert,” sledge crew in northern division, holds out against scurvy,318; to the last,326(n.).Radmore Harbour, Eskimo’s remains at,69.Rainbow,325.Rawlings, Thos., petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” captain of sledge, northern division, attacked by scurvy,306.Rawlings Bay,352.Rawson, Lieutenant Wyatt, R.N., joins the “Alert” from the “Discovery,”108; visits Distant Cape,110; glees by,169; parts taken in theatricals by,174,214; skill in tabogganing,187; visit to snow hut built by,212; accompanies Egerton on journey to “Discovery,”247; his efforts to save Petersen,249to254; arrives from “Discovery,”346.Rawson Cape,219,343.Records left at Cape Isabella,57; in cairn on Hannah Island,101; at extreme northern point,312; at Cairn Point (winter quarters),341.Reindeer, Port Foulke,52; traces,60; scarce near Egedesminde,365.Retrospect on New Year’s day,197.Reward for crossing83rd parallel,292(n.).Richardson Bay,99.Right whales,21.Rink, Dr., on the Eskimo,33.Ritenbenk, expedition at,34.Road-making on the ice,273,275,277,279,286,292,294.Robeson Channel,69; view of,110; position on American chart not to be recognized,115; palæocrystic floes of,118; examination of fiords,242.Rorqual whale,21.Ross, Sir John, Arctic highlanders of,48; red snow,48.Rotges, or little auks,46,50,360.Royal Arctic Theatre,169,170; prologue,172; plays,173,214.Rudder, arrangement for unshipping,3; head damaged,67; unshipped for a nip,83; seriously injured,113; shifted,113; frequent necessity for unshipping,344; head badly wrenched,344,351.Sabine, Cape,55,57,59; Eskimo remains on,69; passed, going south,356.Sails for sledges,231(n.).“Sallie” suspected of robbing Rawson’s depôt,213. (SeeDogs.)Salt beef, character of,154.“Sanderson, his hope,” shooting looms at,40.Sanitary condition of the men in winter quarters,187.Saxifrage,57,74,340.Scenery of Greenland,24; from Disco,31; in Disco Bay,35; in the Waigat,36; near Cape York,48,50; of the glaciers,60; off Cape Hawks,83; at winter quarters,126; at the extreme northern point,310,311.School in winter quarters,165,166; last assemblage of,213.Scientific observations in winter quarters,180.Scoresby on the size of the rorqual,21.Scoresby Bay,94.Scurvy,237; premonitory symptoms,284,285; dread of,299; increasing symptoms,303,304,305,313; decrease of appetite,314; extreme weakness,317; outbreak on board the “Alert,”321; true causes of the outbreak,329,330; cure of patients,333,339,345; patients convalescent,365; outbreak in sledge crews of “Discovery,”346.Seals basking on the ice,24,45; shot by Hans,354.Selection of officers and men for Arctic service,4.Self, James, A.B., H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,216.Shells, marine, found above sea-level,116.Shift-Rudder Bay,114.Shirley, John, stoker, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,168; attacked by scurvy,282; on the sledge,284.Shooting parties in summer,338to340.Sick. (SeeScurvy.)Simpson, Thos., H.M.S. “Alert,” in sledge crew, northern division, attacked by scurvy,306.Skating,77,110.Sky, beauty of,83. (SeeMeteor, Sun.)Sledges, description of,231(n.); sails for,231(n.); weight,233; boats on,242(n.); required for northern division,244; dog sledge sent to “Discovery,”247; departure of sledges in the spring,257,258; sledge standards,258; art of packing,277; high-runner sledges the best,281; (SeeDogs, Marco Polo, Hercules, Victoria, Bloodhound, Bulldog, Alexandra, Challenger, Poppie, Clements Markham.)Sledge crews, exercise of,227.Sledging, first lessons in58; with dogs,79,80,81,128; first experiences,129; severe work,133; details of,137; shore-going notions of,138; realities,139; lecture on, by Captain Nares,215; grand palæocrystic chorus,216; preparations for, during the winter,230; equipments superintended by Sir Leopold M‘Clintock,231; weights,233; auxiliaries and depôts,234; tents,235; cooking apparatus,235; contents of knapsack and storebag,237; scale of provisions,237; medical stores,238(n.); clothing,239,240; programme of sledding, operations,241; the first encampment,260; intense cold,259,262; arrival at autumn depôt,263; daily routine,264to270; road-making,273,275,276; increasing difficulties,304; method of advancing,295,304,306,313; most northern encampment,307; extreme northern point,309to311; return journey of northern division begun,312; northern division reaches land,321; return of northern division,327; western division,331,332; eastern division,350. (SeeAutumn, Hummocks, Temperature, Foot-gear, Cook.)Sleeping-bags,139,235,240; weight of,233; frozen hard,280,283,287.Smith, Mr. Krarup, Inspector of North Greenland, his hospitality,26,29,363.Smith Sound,47,49,69.Snow, crimson,48; heavy falls in Smith Sound,71,73,95; in Robeson Channel,111,119,121; heavy falls during autumn travelling,147; buildings with,152,153,154; temperature at different depths,162; heavy drifts during winter,205; drifts while sledge travelling,261,287,306.Snow blindness, precautions against,240; use of goggles,286,303.Snow bunting seen by sledge crews,319.Snow hut built by Rawson,212.Sorrel,345.Soundings at extreme northern point,308,309.Southsea Common, farewell to the expedition from,9,10.Specific gravity observations,180.Spectrum analysis observations,180.Standards for sledges,258.Stanton, Cape, in sight,103.Steam, lecture on by Mr. Wootton,169.Stone, Geo., of the “Discovery,” serving on board the “Alert,” songs by,174.Store-bag, sledging contents,237.Stoves,158.Stuckberry, Thos., petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” parts and songs by,173,216.Summer,337,339.Sumner, Cape, in sight,103.Sun, sets at midnight,127; final disappearance,141; last view of,148,150; date of final departure,151,178; longing for the return of,207; return of,219,220,221,222; effect of, on the ice,207,313.Sylvester heating apparatus not supplied,158.Symons, Robert, A.B., H.M.S. “Alert,” printer,164(n.),169,175,216; songs by,214.Tabogganing,187.Taboggans, Hudson’s Bay Company’s sledges, suitable for soft snow,281.Temperature, observations for,162; variations during winter,183; extreme cold,223,224; while sledging,259,262,278,283,286,290,294,295,302,313,314,320.Tents,139; weight,233; description of,235,260.Terns,110,332.Tests of physical capacity,15.Theatricals, dresses,171; orchestra,171; prologue,172; play-bills,173,175,176,214; plays,173,214.Thermometers tested,224.Thermometrical observations,162,223. (SeeTemperature.)“Thursday pops,”168,169,175,176,215.Tidal observations at Twin Glacier Bay,62; in winter quarters,161,180.Tides, meeting of, at Cape Fraser,92; in Polar Sea,304,309.“Tigress,” at Life-boat Cove,53.Torske bank, fishing on,25.Trafalgar day celebrated,179.Turnstones,360.Twin Glacier Bay,61.Tyndall Glacier,359.“Unies.” (SeeNarwhals.)Unifilar House,209.Union, Cape,101,103,118; rounded,121,122; pressure on,125,343.Union Jack of Captain Nares, taken with the northern division,258; planted at the most northern point,309.Upernivik,41,42,43,358.Valentia, “Alert” at,367.“Valorous,” H.M.S., to take out stores to Disco,6; joins the Arctic ships,11; to make the best of her way to Disco,14; at Disco,28; kindness of captain and officers,33; farewell to,35; lost sight of,37; jolly-boat landed at Dobbin Bay,84; harmonium obtained from,187.Vegetation at Godhavn,31; at Cape Isabella,57; at Twin Glacier Bay,60; at Norman Lockyer Island,74; in Discovery Harbour,107; lecture on Arctic plants by Mr. Pullen,169; of the Arctic summer,340.Ventilation during winter,158; drip,182.“Victoria,” H.M. sledge, Lieut. Parr, R.N.,137,217,259; goes through the ice,144.Victoria Head,67.Von Buch, Cape,93.Waigat, scenery of,36; danger from fogs and icebergs,37; steam out of,38.Wales, H.R.H. the Prince of, visit to Arctic ships,8.Wales, Prince of, Mountains,50.Walrus seen on the ice,45,74; hunts,74,75,76.Walter Bathurst Cape,360.Warming apparatus not supplied,157.Warming arrangements during winter,157,158.Washington Irving Island, ancient cairns on,85.Weights for sledging,232; to be dragged by each man,233; in Parry’s expedition,243(n.).Welcome of sledge travellers to ship,335,336; of the expedition, on return to England,368.Whales,20,21. (SeeCetaceans.)Whale Sound,49,359.White, Mr., engineer, H.M.S. “Alert,” lecture on history by,169; part taken by, at the theatricals,174; improvement of sledge-cooking apparatus by,236.Willow,74.Wind. (SeeGales.)Winter, approach of,126.Winter quarters, precarious nature of at Floe-berg Beach,126,132; preparations for,151to254; routine,160. (SeeVentilation, Warming, Housing, Clothing, Fire-hole, Amusements.)Wolf, appearance of a,228,229.Wolves, traces of,60,107,321; alarm of,199.Woman Islands,41.Wood, Sergeant, H.M.S., “Alert,” recitation and song by,216.Woolley, Wm., H.M.S., “Alert,” parts and songs by,173.“Woolwich,” snow powder storehouse at winter quarters so called,154; dismantling of,227.Wootton, Mr., engineer, H.M.S. “Alert,” adventure in a kayak,30; his lecture on steam,169,175; glee sung by,216.York, Cape,47,49.Young, Sir Allen, gratitude to, for bringing out letters,358,362.
Polaris Bay,100; state of lime-juice found in,305; sledge-crew recruiting at,346,349.
“Polaris,” visit to her second winter quarters,53,54; her cruise,72; Dr. Bessels of,92,99; land seen from,101; musk-ox shot by crew of,106; Eskimo kind to crew of,360.
Polarization of light, observations,180.
“Poppie,” H.M. sledge, Lieut. Giffard,217,259.
Poppies,57,74.
Popular entertainments in winter quarters,168,169; programmes,175,176.
Portsmouth Dockyard, ships fitting out at,1; harbour, departure of expedition from,9,10; return to,368.
Potentillas,340.
Prayers,187. (SeeDivine service.)
Presents to the expedition,6,7,193,194.
President Land has no existence,101.
Prince Patrick Island, heavy pack on west coast of,200.
Prince Regent Inlet, formation of cliffs,64,67.
Printing office in winter quarters,164,165; prospectus,164; bills of fare,185.
Prologue, Royal Arctic Theatre,172,173.
Protococcus nivalis,48.
Proven, arrival at,38; survey of,39.
Provisions for sledging, weight,233; scale,237.
Ptarmigan,225.
Pullen, Rev. W. H., chaplain, H.M.S. “Alert,” glees by,216; lecture on Arctic plants,169; author of the prologue,171,172,176; leads the choir,187; Christmas bill of fare by,196; lines on the New Year by,202; a burlesque operetta written by,214; grand chorus composed by,216; service on departure of sledges,258,259; lines welcoming return of sledges by,336.
Queenstown, rendezvous at,367.
Radmore, John, chief carpenter’s mate, H.M.S. “Alert,” sledge crew in northern division, holds out against scurvy,318; to the last,326(n.).
Radmore Harbour, Eskimo’s remains at,69.
Rainbow,325.
Rawlings, Thos., petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” captain of sledge, northern division, attacked by scurvy,306.
Rawlings Bay,352.
Rawson, Lieutenant Wyatt, R.N., joins the “Alert” from the “Discovery,”108; visits Distant Cape,110; glees by,169; parts taken in theatricals by,174,214; skill in tabogganing,187; visit to snow hut built by,212; accompanies Egerton on journey to “Discovery,”247; his efforts to save Petersen,249to254; arrives from “Discovery,”346.
Rawson Cape,219,343.
Records left at Cape Isabella,57; in cairn on Hannah Island,101; at extreme northern point,312; at Cairn Point (winter quarters),341.
Reindeer, Port Foulke,52; traces,60; scarce near Egedesminde,365.
Retrospect on New Year’s day,197.
Reward for crossing83rd parallel,292(n.).
Richardson Bay,99.
Right whales,21.
Rink, Dr., on the Eskimo,33.
Ritenbenk, expedition at,34.
Road-making on the ice,273,275,277,279,286,292,294.
Robeson Channel,69; view of,110; position on American chart not to be recognized,115; palæocrystic floes of,118; examination of fiords,242.
Rorqual whale,21.
Ross, Sir John, Arctic highlanders of,48; red snow,48.
Rotges, or little auks,46,50,360.
Royal Arctic Theatre,169,170; prologue,172; plays,173,214.
Rudder, arrangement for unshipping,3; head damaged,67; unshipped for a nip,83; seriously injured,113; shifted,113; frequent necessity for unshipping,344; head badly wrenched,344,351.
Sabine, Cape,55,57,59; Eskimo remains on,69; passed, going south,356.
Sails for sledges,231(n.).
“Sallie” suspected of robbing Rawson’s depôt,213. (SeeDogs.)
Salt beef, character of,154.
“Sanderson, his hope,” shooting looms at,40.
Sanitary condition of the men in winter quarters,187.
Saxifrage,57,74,340.
Scenery of Greenland,24; from Disco,31; in Disco Bay,35; in the Waigat,36; near Cape York,48,50; of the glaciers,60; off Cape Hawks,83; at winter quarters,126; at the extreme northern point,310,311.
School in winter quarters,165,166; last assemblage of,213.
Scientific observations in winter quarters,180.
Scoresby on the size of the rorqual,21.
Scoresby Bay,94.
Scurvy,237; premonitory symptoms,284,285; dread of,299; increasing symptoms,303,304,305,313; decrease of appetite,314; extreme weakness,317; outbreak on board the “Alert,”321; true causes of the outbreak,329,330; cure of patients,333,339,345; patients convalescent,365; outbreak in sledge crews of “Discovery,”346.
Seals basking on the ice,24,45; shot by Hans,354.
Selection of officers and men for Arctic service,4.
Self, James, A.B., H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,216.
Shells, marine, found above sea-level,116.
Shift-Rudder Bay,114.
Shirley, John, stoker, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,168; attacked by scurvy,282; on the sledge,284.
Shooting parties in summer,338to340.
Sick. (SeeScurvy.)
Simpson, Thos., H.M.S. “Alert,” in sledge crew, northern division, attacked by scurvy,306.
Skating,77,110.
Sky, beauty of,83. (SeeMeteor, Sun.)
Sledges, description of,231(n.); sails for,231(n.); weight,233; boats on,242(n.); required for northern division,244; dog sledge sent to “Discovery,”247; departure of sledges in the spring,257,258; sledge standards,258; art of packing,277; high-runner sledges the best,281; (SeeDogs, Marco Polo, Hercules, Victoria, Bloodhound, Bulldog, Alexandra, Challenger, Poppie, Clements Markham.)
Sledge crews, exercise of,227.
Sledging, first lessons in58; with dogs,79,80,81,128; first experiences,129; severe work,133; details of,137; shore-going notions of,138; realities,139; lecture on, by Captain Nares,215; grand palæocrystic chorus,216; preparations for, during the winter,230; equipments superintended by Sir Leopold M‘Clintock,231; weights,233; auxiliaries and depôts,234; tents,235; cooking apparatus,235; contents of knapsack and storebag,237; scale of provisions,237; medical stores,238(n.); clothing,239,240; programme of sledding, operations,241; the first encampment,260; intense cold,259,262; arrival at autumn depôt,263; daily routine,264to270; road-making,273,275,276; increasing difficulties,304; method of advancing,295,304,306,313; most northern encampment,307; extreme northern point,309to311; return journey of northern division begun,312; northern division reaches land,321; return of northern division,327; western division,331,332; eastern division,350. (SeeAutumn, Hummocks, Temperature, Foot-gear, Cook.)
Sleeping-bags,139,235,240; weight of,233; frozen hard,280,283,287.
Smith, Mr. Krarup, Inspector of North Greenland, his hospitality,26,29,363.
Smith Sound,47,49,69.
Snow, crimson,48; heavy falls in Smith Sound,71,73,95; in Robeson Channel,111,119,121; heavy falls during autumn travelling,147; buildings with,152,153,154; temperature at different depths,162; heavy drifts during winter,205; drifts while sledge travelling,261,287,306.
Snow blindness, precautions against,240; use of goggles,286,303.
Snow bunting seen by sledge crews,319.
Snow hut built by Rawson,212.
Sorrel,345.
Soundings at extreme northern point,308,309.
Southsea Common, farewell to the expedition from,9,10.
Specific gravity observations,180.
Spectrum analysis observations,180.
Standards for sledges,258.
Stanton, Cape, in sight,103.
Steam, lecture on by Mr. Wootton,169.
Stone, Geo., of the “Discovery,” serving on board the “Alert,” songs by,174.
Store-bag, sledging contents,237.
Stoves,158.
Stuckberry, Thos., petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” parts and songs by,173,216.
Summer,337,339.
Sumner, Cape, in sight,103.
Sun, sets at midnight,127; final disappearance,141; last view of,148,150; date of final departure,151,178; longing for the return of,207; return of,219,220,221,222; effect of, on the ice,207,313.
Sylvester heating apparatus not supplied,158.
Symons, Robert, A.B., H.M.S. “Alert,” printer,164(n.),169,175,216; songs by,214.
Tabogganing,187.
Taboggans, Hudson’s Bay Company’s sledges, suitable for soft snow,281.
Temperature, observations for,162; variations during winter,183; extreme cold,223,224; while sledging,259,262,278,283,286,290,294,295,302,313,314,320.
Tents,139; weight,233; description of,235,260.
Terns,110,332.
Tests of physical capacity,15.
Theatricals, dresses,171; orchestra,171; prologue,172; play-bills,173,175,176,214; plays,173,214.
Thermometers tested,224.
Thermometrical observations,162,223. (SeeTemperature.)
“Thursday pops,”168,169,175,176,215.
Tidal observations at Twin Glacier Bay,62; in winter quarters,161,180.
Tides, meeting of, at Cape Fraser,92; in Polar Sea,304,309.
“Tigress,” at Life-boat Cove,53.
Torske bank, fishing on,25.
Trafalgar day celebrated,179.
Turnstones,360.
Twin Glacier Bay,61.
Tyndall Glacier,359.
“Unies.” (SeeNarwhals.)
Unifilar House,209.
Union, Cape,101,103,118; rounded,121,122; pressure on,125,343.
Union Jack of Captain Nares, taken with the northern division,258; planted at the most northern point,309.
Upernivik,41,42,43,358.
Valentia, “Alert” at,367.
“Valorous,” H.M.S., to take out stores to Disco,6; joins the Arctic ships,11; to make the best of her way to Disco,14; at Disco,28; kindness of captain and officers,33; farewell to,35; lost sight of,37; jolly-boat landed at Dobbin Bay,84; harmonium obtained from,187.
Vegetation at Godhavn,31; at Cape Isabella,57; at Twin Glacier Bay,60; at Norman Lockyer Island,74; in Discovery Harbour,107; lecture on Arctic plants by Mr. Pullen,169; of the Arctic summer,340.
Ventilation during winter,158; drip,182.
“Victoria,” H.M. sledge, Lieut. Parr, R.N.,137,217,259; goes through the ice,144.
Victoria Head,67.
Von Buch, Cape,93.
Waigat, scenery of,36; danger from fogs and icebergs,37; steam out of,38.
Wales, H.R.H. the Prince of, visit to Arctic ships,8.
Wales, Prince of, Mountains,50.
Walrus seen on the ice,45,74; hunts,74,75,76.
Walter Bathurst Cape,360.
Warming apparatus not supplied,157.
Warming arrangements during winter,157,158.
Washington Irving Island, ancient cairns on,85.
Weights for sledging,232; to be dragged by each man,233; in Parry’s expedition,243(n.).
Welcome of sledge travellers to ship,335,336; of the expedition, on return to England,368.
Whales,20,21. (SeeCetaceans.)
Whale Sound,49,359.
White, Mr., engineer, H.M.S. “Alert,” lecture on history by,169; part taken by, at the theatricals,174; improvement of sledge-cooking apparatus by,236.
Willow,74.
Wind. (SeeGales.)
Winter, approach of,126.
Winter quarters, precarious nature of at Floe-berg Beach,126,132; preparations for,151to254; routine,160. (SeeVentilation, Warming, Housing, Clothing, Fire-hole, Amusements.)
Wolf, appearance of a,228,229.
Wolves, traces of,60,107,321; alarm of,199.
Woman Islands,41.
Wood, Sergeant, H.M.S., “Alert,” recitation and song by,216.
Woolley, Wm., H.M.S., “Alert,” parts and songs by,173.
“Woolwich,” snow powder storehouse at winter quarters so called,154; dismantling of,227.
Wootton, Mr., engineer, H.M.S. “Alert,” adventure in a kayak,30; his lecture on steam,169,175; glee sung by,216.
York, Cape,47,49.
Young, Sir Allen, gratitude to, for bringing out letters,358,362.