Chapter 11

MSS. Brit. Mus.: Harl. 632, f. 248.Cambridge:—Peterhouse 87 or 2-0-4, ‘De quatuor predicabilibus ad omne genus hominum.’—Pembroke Coll. 123.Paris:—Bibl. Nat. 6776, f. 55-352 (sec. xiv). Imperf. at the beginning; fol. 58, ’Cum autem sit intentio.’—‘Explicit summa de viciis et virtutibus compilata a fratre Johanne Galensi ordinis fratrum minorum. Orate pro eo.’Falaise:—Bibl. Pub. 38, p. 468.Munich:—Bibl. Reg. 23595 (sec. xiv), ‘Distinctiones predicabiles Johannis Gallensis de virtutibus.’

MSS. Brit. Mus.: Harl. 632, f. 248.

Cambridge:—Peterhouse 87 or 2-0-4, ‘De quatuor predicabilibus ad omne genus hominum.’—Pembroke Coll. 123.Paris:—Bibl. Nat. 6776, f. 55-352 (sec. xiv). Imperf. at the beginning; fol. 58, ’Cum autem sit intentio.’—‘Explicit summa de viciis et virtutibus compilata a fratre Johanne Galensi ordinis fratrum minorum. Orate pro eo.’Falaise:—Bibl. Pub. 38, p. 468.Munich:—Bibl. Reg. 23595 (sec. xiv), ‘Distinctiones predicabiles Johannis Gallensis de virtutibus.’

Cambridge:—Peterhouse 87 or 2-0-4, ‘De quatuor predicabilibus ad omne genus hominum.’—Pembroke Coll. 123.

Paris:—Bibl. Nat. 6776, f. 55-352 (sec. xiv). Imperf. at the beginning; fol. 58, ’Cum autem sit intentio.’—‘Explicit summa de viciis et virtutibus compilata a fratre Johanne Galensi ordinis fratrum minorum. Orate pro eo.’

Falaise:—Bibl. Pub. 38, p. 468.

Munich:—Bibl. Reg. 23595 (sec. xiv), ‘Distinctiones predicabiles Johannis Gallensis de virtutibus.’

Legiloquium sive liber de decem preceptis, or,De decem mandatis divinis, or,Summa de preceptis.

Inc.‘Scribam eis multiplices leges.... Omnipotens creator omnium.’

MSS. Brit. Mus.: Harl. 632, f. 307 b (sec. xv) imperfect.Oxford:—Bodl. Rawlinson C. 534, f. 106 (sec. xiii): cf. Bodl. 2501, ‘forte Jo. Wallensis.’—Lincoln Coll. 67, f. 143 (xiv).Paris:—Bibl. Mazarine 569, f. 139 b (xiv).Bruges 239 (Haenel p. 756).—Falaise 38, p. 325 (xiv. ineuntis).—Toulouse 340 (xiv).Extracts printed by Charma, ‘Notice sur un MS ... de Falaise,’ 1851.

MSS. Brit. Mus.: Harl. 632, f. 307 b (sec. xv) imperfect.

Oxford:—Bodl. Rawlinson C. 534, f. 106 (sec. xiii): cf. Bodl. 2501, ‘forte Jo. Wallensis.’—Lincoln Coll. 67, f. 143 (xiv).Paris:—Bibl. Mazarine 569, f. 139 b (xiv).Bruges 239 (Haenel p. 756).—Falaise 38, p. 325 (xiv. ineuntis).—Toulouse 340 (xiv).

Oxford:—Bodl. Rawlinson C. 534, f. 106 (sec. xiii): cf. Bodl. 2501, ‘forte Jo. Wallensis.’—Lincoln Coll. 67, f. 143 (xiv).

Paris:—Bibl. Mazarine 569, f. 139 b (xiv).

Bruges 239 (Haenel p. 756).—Falaise 38, p. 325 (xiv. ineuntis).—Toulouse 340 (xiv).

Extracts printed by Charma, ‘Notice sur un MS ... de Falaise,’ 1851.

Manipulus Florum, begun by John Wallensis, finished by Thomas Hibernicus, to whom it is usually ascribed; excerpts from the fathers, in alphabetical order.

Inc. prol.‘Abite in agro, &c. Paupercula non habet messem.’Inc. opus.‘Abstinentia. Bonum est in cibo.’

MSS. Oxford:—Merton Coll. 129 (sec. xiv).—Lincoln Coll. 98 (xiv).Cambridge:—Caius Coll. 402 (A. D.1306).Paris:—Bibl. Mazarine 1032, &c.Troyes, 1785 (finitusA. D.1306).—Basel, B iv. 9 (writtenA. D.1324).Printed at Piacenza 1483, Venice 1493, &c.A similar work, ascribed in the same hand as the text to Friar John Walensis, is contained in MS. Charleville 136 (sec. xiv);inc.‘Accidia. Nota accidiosus est.’

MSS. Oxford:—Merton Coll. 129 (sec. xiv).—Lincoln Coll. 98 (xiv).

Cambridge:—Caius Coll. 402 (A. D.1306).Paris:—Bibl. Mazarine 1032, &c.Troyes, 1785 (finitusA. D.1306).—Basel, B iv. 9 (writtenA. D.1324).

Cambridge:—Caius Coll. 402 (A. D.1306).

Paris:—Bibl. Mazarine 1032, &c.

Troyes, 1785 (finitusA. D.1306).—Basel, B iv. 9 (writtenA. D.1324).

Printed at Piacenza 1483, Venice 1493, &c.

A similar work, ascribed in the same hand as the text to Friar John Walensis, is contained in MS. Charleville 136 (sec. xiv);inc.‘Accidia. Nota accidiosus est.’

De origine progressu et fine Mahumeti et quadruplici reprobatione prophetiae ejus, cap. xv.

Inc.‘Ad ostendendum quod Mahumetes.’Printed at Argentina 1550. The editor, G. Fabricius says: ‘hunc Galensis libellum in dissipatis Bibliothecis inventum collegi.’ No MSS. of the work have been discovered, and its authenticity seems very doubtful. It is not mentioned by the earlier bibliographers, such as Philip de Bergamo and Tritheim. Except in the number of chapters, it appears to differ entirely from theTract. contra falsitates legis Machometiof Peter de Pennis: Quétif-Echard I 569; MS. Chapitre de Bayeux 42.

Inc.‘Ad ostendendum quod Mahumetes.’

Printed at Argentina 1550. The editor, G. Fabricius says: ‘hunc Galensis libellum in dissipatis Bibliothecis inventum collegi.’ No MSS. of the work have been discovered, and its authenticity seems very doubtful. It is not mentioned by the earlier bibliographers, such as Philip de Bergamo and Tritheim. Except in the number of chapters, it appears to differ entirely from theTract. contra falsitates legis Machometiof Peter de Pennis: Quétif-Echard I 569; MS. Chapitre de Bayeux 42.

Sermones de tempore et de sanctis.

MSS. Bodl.: 1956 =NE. B. i. 14, now Bodley 50; referred to by Tanner.Munich:—Bibl. Reg. 26941 (sec. xiv. ineuntis) contains a sermon preached at Paris by John Wallensis.Charleville 113 § 3 (sec. xiv and xiii),Sermones de tempore:inc.‘Dominica prima de adventu’: these are anonymous but follow some works by J. Wallensis in the MS.

MSS. Bodl.: 1956 =NE. B. i. 14, now Bodley 50; referred to by Tanner.

Munich:—Bibl. Reg. 26941 (sec. xiv. ineuntis) contains a sermon preached at Paris by John Wallensis.Charleville 113 § 3 (sec. xiv and xiii),Sermones de tempore:inc.‘Dominica prima de adventu’: these are anonymous but follow some works by J. Wallensis in the MS.

Munich:—Bibl. Reg. 26941 (sec. xiv. ineuntis) contains a sermon preached at Paris by John Wallensis.

Charleville 113 § 3 (sec. xiv and xiii),Sermones de tempore:inc.‘Dominica prima de adventu’: these are anonymous but follow some works by J. Wallensis in the MS.

Postilla super Johannem.

MSS. Vienna:—Bibl. Palat. 1533 (sec. xiv).Florence:—Laurentiana,ex bibl. S. Crucis, Plut. xxvii. Dext. Cod. iii. ‘Tabula super Postillam Fratris Joannis de Vallensis (sic) super Joannem.’ The work itself is missing.This appears to be identical with thePostilla in Evangelium Joannis, printed among Bonaventura’s works. It is doubtful whether the commentary should be ascribed to either of these writers. (See Hist. Litt. xxv. 193-4.)

MSS. Vienna:—Bibl. Palat. 1533 (sec. xiv).

Florence:—Laurentiana,ex bibl. S. Crucis, Plut. xxvii. Dext. Cod. iii. ‘Tabula super Postillam Fratris Joannis de Vallensis (sic) super Joannem.’ The work itself is missing.This appears to be identical with thePostilla in Evangelium Joannis, printed among Bonaventura’s works. It is doubtful whether the commentary should be ascribed to either of these writers. (See Hist. Litt. xxv. 193-4.)

Florence:—Laurentiana,ex bibl. S. Crucis, Plut. xxvii. Dext. Cod. iii. ‘Tabula super Postillam Fratris Joannis de Vallensis (sic) super Joannem.’ The work itself is missing.

This appears to be identical with thePostilla in Evangelium Joannis, printed among Bonaventura’s works. It is doubtful whether the commentary should be ascribed to either of these writers. (See Hist. Litt. xxv. 193-4.)

Collationes in Johannem.Ascribed also to Bonaventura, and printed among his works (edit. 1589, tom. ii): probably by the same author as the precedingPostilla.

Cf. MSS. Oxford:—Exeter Coll. 39 (xiv), Thomas Wallensis;—Bruges, 338, ‘Joannes Anglicus super Joannem’ (Haenel); or 474, ‘Scripta Johannis Anglici super Johannitium’ (Laude).

Commentaries on Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Isaiah.

MSS. Oxford:—Bodl. Laud. Misc. 345 (sec. xiv), ascribed to John Wallensis.—Merton Coll. 196 (sec. xiv), and New College 30 (sec. xv), ascribed to Thomas Wallensis.—Leland mentions the same works in the library of Christ Church, Canterbury, where they were ascribed to John Wallensis (LelandCollect.III. 7).

The following works are sometimes assigned to John Wallensis:—

Expositio super Pater Noster.

MSS. Charleville 873 contains, according to Haenel (p. 120), ‘Joannis Wallensis ... expositio super pater noster et dietarium super vita religiosa.’ In the new catalogue this treatise is given as anonymous, the same volume, No. 272 (sec. xiv), containing theDietarium.Mondée Abbey (diocese Lisieux), Cod. 3, Joannes Galesius Ordinis Minorum superPater noster(Montfaucon, p. 1333).

Mondée Abbey (diocese Lisieux), Cod. 3, Joannes Galesius Ordinis Minorum superPater noster(Montfaucon, p. 1333).

In fabulas Ovidii, or,Expositiones seu moralitates in lib. i.(?)Metamorphoseon sive fabularum(Leland and Tanner). This appears to be the work generally ascribed to Thomas Walleys, and, by M. Hauréau, to Peter Bercherius[996]. There is no real ground for assigning it, as Leland does, to John Wallensis.

MSS. Oxford: Bodl. Auct. F. 5. 16 (= Bodl. Sup. A. I Art. 86 or Bodl. 2581), Johannes Anglicus.Brit. Mus.: Royal 15 C xvi, anon.Cambridge:—Peterhouse 12 or 2-3-9 ‘a fratre Thoma Waleys de provincia Anglie ordinis Predicatorum.’Dublin:—Trin. Coll. 8, anon., but bound up with works by John Wallensis.Reims 741 (Haenel p. 405), ‘Liber fabularum a magistro Joanne Anglico compositus.’Troyes 1627 (sec. xiv), Thomas Waleys.Printed at Paris 1511, &c.

MSS. Oxford: Bodl. Auct. F. 5. 16 (= Bodl. Sup. A. I Art. 86 or Bodl. 2581), Johannes Anglicus.

Brit. Mus.: Royal 15 C xvi, anon.Cambridge:—Peterhouse 12 or 2-3-9 ‘a fratre Thoma Waleys de provincia Anglie ordinis Predicatorum.’Dublin:—Trin. Coll. 8, anon., but bound up with works by John Wallensis.Reims 741 (Haenel p. 405), ‘Liber fabularum a magistro Joanne Anglico compositus.’Troyes 1627 (sec. xiv), Thomas Waleys.

Brit. Mus.: Royal 15 C xvi, anon.

Cambridge:—Peterhouse 12 or 2-3-9 ‘a fratre Thoma Waleys de provincia Anglie ordinis Predicatorum.’

Dublin:—Trin. Coll. 8, anon., but bound up with works by John Wallensis.

Reims 741 (Haenel p. 405), ‘Liber fabularum a magistro Joanne Anglico compositus.’

Troyes 1627 (sec. xiv), Thomas Waleys.

Printed at Paris 1511, &c.

In mythologicon Fulgentii.

A commentary on this by John Wallensis is mentioned by Leland in the Library of the Friars Minors at Reading (Collect.III, 57). Many anonymous treatises on the work are extant; e.g.MSS. Brit. Mus.: Royal 7 C I f. 311.—Dublin:—Trin. Coll. 8 (§ 8), bound up with works of John Wallensis.Cf. notice of John Redovallensis.

A commentary on this by John Wallensis is mentioned by Leland in the Library of the Friars Minors at Reading (Collect.III, 57). Many anonymous treatises on the work are extant; e.g.

MSS. Brit. Mus.: Royal 7 C I f. 311.—Dublin:—Trin. Coll. 8 (§ 8), bound up with works of John Wallensis.

Cf. notice of John Redovallensis.

Comment. in Valerium de non ducenda uxore.

Seen by Leland in the Franciscan Library, London. Theincipitwhich he gives is merely that of the work itself, and is no assistance in identifying the commentary of John Wallensis. The latter refers to the epistle in hisBreviloq. de quatuor virtutibus cardinalibus: MS. Brit. Mus.: Royal 10 A ix, f. 83 b-84.Cf. notice of John Redovallensis.

Cf. notice of John Redovallensis.

As to other works attributed to him with some show of reason by the older bibliographers:

De cognitione verae vitae, mentioned by Wadding, is the same as theOrdinarium. An anonymous treatise with this title is in Royal MS. 10 A ix. f. 109-133 (which contains some works by John Wallensis).Inc.‘Sapientia Dei que os muti aperuit.’De visitatione infirmorum: Augustine’s treatise on this is in the Royal MS. above mentioned (fol. 134-145).Declaratio regulae S. Francisci(printed at Venice, 1513 inFirmamentum Trium Ordinum), is usually attributed to John Peckham.Pastoraliaby J. Wallensis; formerly in Harl. MS. 632, f. 261; (see old table of Contents); fol. 250-265 (old pagination) are missing. Boston of Bury calls thisDe cura pastorali:inc.‘Licet beatus.’ Expl. ‘et haec ad David.’Collectio epistolarum decretalium Romanorum pontificumwas by John Gallensis of Volterra (c. 1200): printed at Ilerda 1576, &c.: MSS. Nat. Libr. Paris 3925, A; Toulouse 368 (sec. xiii. med.).Indices duorum operum; an alphabetical table of contents in Harl. MS. 632, f. 133-167.Summa confessorum; by John Lector of Freiburg: see MSS. Troyes, 156 and 1492 (sec. xiv), &c.Inc.‘Quoniam dubiorum[997].’De oculo morali; identical with the work attributed to Grostete and Peter de Limoges.Inc.‘Si diligenter.’ It may be noticed that Boston of Bury attributes this to John Wallensis and does not mention it among Grostete’s works (Tanner, Bibl. pp. xxxiii, xxxvii).De correptione sive correctione.Inc.: ‘Probata virtus.’Expl.‘Commorabitur’ (Boston of Bury).De exortatione.Inc.‘Qui exortatur’:Expl.‘Moderantis’ (ibid.).De disciplina.Inc.‘Disciplina ad mentem instruendam’ (ibid.)[998].In quatuor libros Sententiarum.Inc.‘Quoniam teste B. Augustino’ (Barth. of Pisa, and Ph. of Bergamo).De arte predicandi, ascribed to John Wallensis in MS. Paris: Bibl. Mazarine 569, f. 80 b: really by Thomas Walleys.

De visitatione infirmorum: Augustine’s treatise on this is in the Royal MS. above mentioned (fol. 134-145).

Declaratio regulae S. Francisci(printed at Venice, 1513 inFirmamentum Trium Ordinum), is usually attributed to John Peckham.

Pastoraliaby J. Wallensis; formerly in Harl. MS. 632, f. 261; (see old table of Contents); fol. 250-265 (old pagination) are missing. Boston of Bury calls thisDe cura pastorali:inc.‘Licet beatus.’ Expl. ‘et haec ad David.’

Collectio epistolarum decretalium Romanorum pontificumwas by John Gallensis of Volterra (c. 1200): printed at Ilerda 1576, &c.: MSS. Nat. Libr. Paris 3925, A; Toulouse 368 (sec. xiii. med.).

Indices duorum operum; an alphabetical table of contents in Harl. MS. 632, f. 133-167.

Summa confessorum; by John Lector of Freiburg: see MSS. Troyes, 156 and 1492 (sec. xiv), &c.Inc.‘Quoniam dubiorum[997].’

De oculo morali; identical with the work attributed to Grostete and Peter de Limoges.Inc.‘Si diligenter.’ It may be noticed that Boston of Bury attributes this to John Wallensis and does not mention it among Grostete’s works (Tanner, Bibl. pp. xxxiii, xxxvii).

De correptione sive correctione.Inc.: ‘Probata virtus.’Expl.‘Commorabitur’ (Boston of Bury).

De exortatione.Inc.‘Qui exortatur’:Expl.‘Moderantis’ (ibid.).

De disciplina.Inc.‘Disciplina ad mentem instruendam’ (ibid.)[998].

In quatuor libros Sententiarum.Inc.‘Quoniam teste B. Augustino’ (Barth. of Pisa, and Ph. of Bergamo).

De arte predicandi, ascribed to John Wallensis in MS. Paris: Bibl. Mazarine 569, f. 80 b: really by Thomas Walleys.

7.Thomas Docking, also called Thomas Good[999], was a native of Norfolk and probably entered the Order at Norwich. In a letter writtenA. D.1252-3[1000], Adam Marsh asks the Provincial Minister to assign the bible of the late P. of Worcester to ‘friar Thomas de Dokkyng,’ who was distinguished by good morals and pleasant manners, a clear head, great learning and ready eloquence; his friends were ready to pay handsomely for the book. He was evidently a student at this time. He became D.D. and reader to the Franciscans at Oxford about 1260[1001]. In 1269, when he took an active part in the controversy with the Oxford Dominicans, he is described as ‘sometime reader at Oxford[1002].’ According to Blomefield, he was warden of Norwich and died about 1270[1003]. His theological works, chiefly biblical commentaries, were long held in high repute[1004]; some are still preserved.

Expositio super librum Deuteronomii.

MSS. Brit. Mus.: Royal 3 B xii (sec. xv).Oxford:—Balliol Coll. 28 (A. D.1442).Lincoln:—Cathedral Libr. (Haenel p. 799), ‘Thomas Bockering.’

MSS. Brit. Mus.: Royal 3 B xii (sec. xv).

Oxford:—Balliol Coll. 28 (A. D.1442).Lincoln:—Cathedral Libr. (Haenel p. 799), ‘Thomas Bockering.’

Oxford:—Balliol Coll. 28 (A. D.1442).

Lincoln:—Cathedral Libr. (Haenel p. 799), ‘Thomas Bockering.’

Comment. on Isaiah.

MS. Oxford:—Ball. Coll. 29 (sec. xv).

Expositio super Epistolas S. Pauli.

MSS. Oxford:—Ball. Coll. 30 (sec. xv), containing Galatians, Ephesians[1005], Hebrews.Magd. Coll. 154, Galatians, imperf. (sec. xv).

MSS. Oxford:—Ball. Coll. 30 (sec. xv), containing Galatians, Ephesians[1005], Hebrews.

Magd. Coll. 154, Galatians, imperf. (sec. xv).

Lectura super Apocalypsin, doubtfully ascribed to him.

MS. Oxford:—Ball. Coll. 149 f. 107.Inc.‘Panis ei datus. Querit propheta.’

Expositio Decalogi.Inc.‘Non habebis deos alienos in conspectu meo. Hoc est in corde.’

MS. Bodl. 2403 (= T. BodleyNE. F. 4. 9), now Bodley 453, f. 57-90[1006].

Questions on St. Luke.

MS. Paris:—Bibl. Nationale, 3183, § 8 (sec. xiv).

Questio utrum Job in prosperis fuerit altior coram Deo quam in adversis.

MS. Ibid. § 11 (sec. xiv).

Comment. super Sententias, mentioned in the Catalogue of Illustrious Franciscans (Leland)[1007].

8.H. de Brisingham[1008]is probably the same as

‘Frater Henricus Lector Oxoniensis Fratrum Minorum,’

who composed aSumma de Sacramentisin 1261[1009]. He afterwards became thirteenth master of the Friars Minors at Cambridge[1010]. Blomefield claims him as a Norfolk man, and says that he died about 1280[1011]. He is perhaps to be identified with ‘Henricus de OxonioChordigerae sectae’, whose sermons were seen by Bale in the Franciscan Library at Reading[1012].

TheDe Sacramentis Summais his only extant work.

MS. Bodl. Laud. Misc. 2, f. 130 (sec. xiv. ineuntis).

9.William of Heddele(Durham or Northumberland?) is mentioned by Adam Marsh in a letter to the Provincial, c. 1253, as ‘your desirable son Friar William de Hedele[1013].’ We know from another source that Heddele was reader at Oxford in 1269, when he took part in the controversy with the Friars Preachers[1014]. When Prince Edward went to the Holy Land,

‘he took with him,’ in the words of the so-called Lanercost Chronicle[1015], ‘the reader and master of the Friars Minors at Oxford, Friar William de Hedley, a man beloved of God and in favour with men.’

The chronicler puts these events in the year 1266. Edward took the cross in 1268 and sailed in 1270. Friar William died on the outward voyage in the sea of Greece:

‘his corpse,’ continues the same authority ‘being given to the waves as the custom is, followed the course of the ships for three days, until, at Edward’s command, it was taken again into the vessel and afterwards committed to the earth.’

10.Thomas de Bungay(Suffolk) has been traditionally associated with Roger Bacon and regarded as a wizard by later generations. Very little is known of him. He perhaps entered the Order at Norwich. He lectured as D.D. in the Franciscan convent at Oxford about 1270; he seems like Roger to have attached a great importance to mathematics and may have held his views on the value of natural science and of induction. He lectured afterwards at Cambridge, being the fifteenth in the list of Franciscan masters there. He was the eighth English Provincial Minister, and was succeeded by Peckham, probably in 1275. He was buried at Northampton[1016].

According to the Catalogue of Illustrious Franciscans he wrote a Commentary on theSentences[1017]. None of his works are printed; only one seems to be extant in MS.

De celo et mundo: 3 books.Inc.‘Summa cognicionis, &c. Aristoteles probat his tres questiones in primo capitulo. Prima est quod omne corpus est completum quo ad divisiones.’Expl.‘Hic terminantur questiones super 3 c. et m. a Magistro T. de bungeya.’

MS. Cambridge:—Caius Coll. 509, § 3 (sec. xiv. ineuntis).Cf. MS. Bibl. Nat. Paris 16144 (sec. xiii), ‘Thomas super librum de celo et mundo’ (Aquinas?).

MS. Cambridge:—Caius Coll. 509, § 3 (sec. xiv. ineuntis).

Cf. MS. Bibl. Nat. Paris 16144 (sec. xiii), ‘Thomas super librum de celo et mundo’ (Aquinas?).

11.John Peckhamwas born in Sussex and received his earliest education in the Priory of Lewes[1018]. He took the Franciscan vows about 1250[1019]; he was then tutor to the nephew of Master H. of Anjou, perhaps in the University of Paris, but was probably for the time being residing at Oxford[1020]. On entering the Order he resigned the tutorship. Adam Marsh calls him ‘Dominus Johannes de Pescham Scholaris;’ he may therefore either have had no degree at this time, or that of bachelor. He appears to have spent some time at Oxford, as in later years he expresses his gratitude for the training he received in the Franciscan convent of that University[1021]. He then returned to France, studied under Bonaventura, and took the Doctor’s degree at Paris, where he ruled in theology[1022]. Among his pupils was St. Thomas of Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford[1023]. At Paris too he came in contact with Thomas Aquinas and probably attended his lectures. He was present when the latter submitted his doctrine about the ‘Unity of form’ to the judgment of the masters in theology;

‘we alone,’ the Archbishop wrote afterwards, ‘stood by him, defending him to the best of our power, saving the truth[1024].’

He was at Paris during the troublous times which followed William of St. Amour’s attack on the Mendicants, and wrote a defence of the latter[1025]. He returned to England probably about 1270 or soon after, and was admitted at Oxford to the same degree as he held at Paris[1026]. He now became lecturer to the Franciscans. On May 2, 1275, hewas with Friar Oliver de Encourt Prior of the Dominicans, appointed, by the King’s writ, to decide a suit in the University which had long been under consideration in the Chancellor’s court[1027]. It was probably soon after this that he was elected ninth Provincial Minister and confirmed by Bonaventura[1028]. He did not hold this office long, being in 1277, summoned by the Pope (Nicholas III?) to lecture on theology in the schools of the Papal Court at Rome[1029]. After lecturing here for something less than two years, he was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Papal bull in January 1279, and consecrated by the Pope in the following March[1030]. His official connexion with the Order did not cease; he was deputed by the Pope

‘protector of the privileges of the Order of Minors in England,’

and frequently used his powers for the benefit of the Franciscans[1031]. His relations to the Oxford Franciscans, as well as his condemnation of erroneous doctrines at the University, have already been noticed. While enforcing to the uttermost his legal rights, the Archbishop evinced a special solicitude for the poor, feeding them in time of famine, remonstrating with covetous abbats and careless landlords[1032]. He himself is said to have travelled on foot, to have surpassed all in watchings and fastings and prayer, to have used none but vile garments and bedding—in fine to have lived as became one who held perfection to consist in the contempt of riches and the search for truth[1033]. He died on December 8, 1292, and was buried ‘among the monks’ of Canterbury near Becket’s tomb[1034]. His heart was buried in the choir behind the High Altar at the Grey Friars of London[1035]. He named as his executors the Friars Minors of Paris[1036]. The Dominican Nicholas Trivet sums up his character in these words[1037]:

‘He was a zealous promoter of the interests of his Order, an excellentmaker of songs, of pompous manner and speech, but of kind and thoroughly liberal heart.’

A careful and valuable account of his works will be found in Mr. Trice Martin’s preface to Peckham’s Register, Vol. III[1038].

A few additions may be made to Mr. Martin’s list of his extant writings.

Constitutiones Ottoboni cum expositione Peccham.

MS. Cambridge:—Pembroke Coll. 145 (= 2073). Cf. Wilkins,Concilia, II, 50-51.

Quaestiones ordinariae.Inc.‘Utrum theologia ex duobus.’

MS. Paris:—Bibl. Nat. 3183 (sec. xiv); containing the questions,Utrum theologia sit prae ceteris Scientiis necessaria Praelatis Ecclesiae, and,Utrum theologia ex duobus componi debuerit Testamentis. Cf. MSS. ibid. 15805,Quodlibeta S. Thome, J. de Pechan, Guil. de Hozon; and 15986, f. 238 (sec. xiii),Responsio ad questionem Joh. de Peschant.

Tractatus Fratris Joannis Pecham Ord. Min. contra Fratrem Rogerium (Ord. Praed.) obloquentem contra suum Ordinem(called by Tanner,Contra Priorem Cisterciensium).Inc.‘Super tribus et super quatuor sceleribus.’

MS. Florence:—Laurentiana,ex Bibl. S. Crucis, Plut. XXXVI. Dext. Cod. xii. p. 25 (sec. xiv. exeuntis).

Formula confessionum.Inc.‘Sicut dicit b. Joannes.’

MS. Florence:—Laurentiana,ex Bibl. S. Crucis, Plut. IV. Sinist. Cod. xi (A. D.1433).

Scriptum super Ethicam.

MS. Florence:—Laurentiana,ex Bibl. S. Crucis, Plut. XII. Sinist. Cod. xi.

12.Henry de Apeltrewas the twelfth reader at Oxford, and seventeenth master of the Friars Minors at Cambridge. Nothing more is known about him[1039].

13.Robert CrossorCrouche[1040](de Cruce) must have lectured at Oxford about 1280. In April of that year Peckham forbade an Oxford Dominican to visit a certain ‘college of women’ on accountof grave suspicion, on the accusation of Friar Robert de Cruce[1041]. Leland states that he was immersed in philosophical studies to an advanced age, and when at last he betook himself to theology he showed greater skill in investigating speculative subtleties than in exploring the literal sense; the statement might be made with equal truth of most of the scholastics. He became Provincial Minister soon after 1280. The successor of John Peckham, Hugh of Bath, died within a short time of his appointment, and was succeeded by Robert Cross as eleventh minister[1042]. He held the office in June 1284, when he obtained for the English Minorites exemption from the payment of a custom due to the King from all who passed to or from the Continent by the port of Dover[1043]. In Sept. of the same year he held a chapter of the English Franciscans[1044]; and in March 1285, he represented the English Province at the General Chapter of Milan[1045]. He may have resigned the dignity at this Chapter; on Oct. 31, 1285, Peckham addresses a letter to ‘W., Provincial Minister of the Friars Minors’; this must be William of Gainsborough[1046]. Robert Cross was buried at Bridgwater[1047]. None of his works remain. Leland mentions his commentaries on thePhysicsand theSentences, on the authority of the Catalogue of Illustrious Franciscans.

14.R. de Toftis, called by Wood, Radulphus de Toftis.

15.Alanus de Rodano.

16.Roger de MarstonorMerscheton[1048]was D.D. of Oxford and lecturer to the Franciscans before 1290. Some questions on which he disputed, perhaps before he became doctor, are preserved in a MS. at Assisi[1049]. He subsequently lectured at Cambridge as twelfth master of the friars[1050]. According to Ehrle, Marston’s theological and philosophical teaching bears strong resemblance in some respects to that of Peter John Olivi[1051]. He became thirteenth Provincial Minister perhaps at the great Chapter of Paris in 1292,certainly between 1285 (when W. of Gainsborough was appointed) and 1299 (when Hugh of Hertepol was Provincial). He is said to have been warden of Norwich and to have died in 1303[1052]. He was buried at Norwich[1053].

17.Alan de Wakerfeld[1054]was at Oxford in 1269, when he represented his convent on several occasions in the controversy with the Friars Preachers[1055]. He was not yet lector.

18.Nicholas de Ochamoccurs in the Assisi MS. as Hotham, Master Nicolaus de Hotham, and Frater N. de Ocham minor[1056]. He lectured at Oxford towards the end of the thirteenth century. Except thequaestiones disputataeat Assisi, it is doubtful whether any of his works are extant[1057]. Leland says:

Catalogus eruditorum Franciscanorum Nicholai Ochami meminit; cujus et depraedicat libros;Commentarios, videlicet,in Sententias Petri Longobardi, et opus, cuiDe Verbotitulus. Scripsit libellumDe latitudine oppositionum, ingeniosi iudicium astrologi[1058].Cf. MSS. Paris:—Bibl. Nat. 14565 f. 173 b (sec. xiv). ‘Fratris Nicholai minoris replicationes;’ and Cambridge:—Caius Coll. 319, ‘Nicholai super 2 et 3 sententiarum, in 3 libris.’Another Friar Nicholas Minorite, (called by Sbaralea[1059], ‘Specialis’), flourished about the same time as, or soon after, N. of Ocham, and wrote a chronicle on the Franciscan contest with the Pope,A. D.1321-1328 (MS. Bibl. Nat. Paris, 5154: Extracts in Böhmer’sFontes Rer. German.IV, 588 seq.)

Cf. MSS. Paris:—Bibl. Nat. 14565 f. 173 b (sec. xiv). ‘Fratris Nicholai minoris replicationes;’ and Cambridge:—Caius Coll. 319, ‘Nicholai super 2 et 3 sententiarum, in 3 libris.’

Another Friar Nicholas Minorite, (called by Sbaralea[1059], ‘Specialis’), flourished about the same time as, or soon after, N. of Ocham, and wrote a chronicle on the Franciscan contest with the Pope,A. D.1321-1328 (MS. Bibl. Nat. Paris, 5154: Extracts in Böhmer’sFontes Rer. German.IV, 588 seq.)

19.Walter de Knollewas afterwards twenty-third master at Cambridge[1060].

20.Hugh de HertepolorHartlepoolwas a friar and a man of importance in Oxford in 1282, when Devorguila appointed him to be one of the two proctors to whom the government of the new college of Balliol was entrusted; the statutes of 1282 are addressed to ‘Friar Hugh de Hertilpoll and Master William de Menyl[1061].’ It was probablysome years later that Hugh became S.T.P. and lecturer to the Franciscan convent. His disputations seem to have been considered valuable and several of them are preserved[1062]. He disputed

‘in the vesperies before the inception of Friar John de Persole (i.e. Persora, his successor) at Oxford[1063].’

He became fourteenth Provincial Minister, in succession to Roger Marston. The date of his appointment or election is uncertain. In April 1299[1064], we hear of him going as Provincial, with Friar W. of Gainsborough as hissocius, to the General Chapter at Lyons; on this occasion the King gave to the two friars 10 marks. In 1300 (Aug. 7) at Dorchester (Oxon), he chose twenty-two friars of the Oxford convent and presented them to Dalderby, Bishop of Lincoln[1065], with the request that he would license them to hear confessions. The bishop asked ‘whether he was presenting them for all the convents in the diocese of Lincoln,’ and, finding that it was only for the Oxford convent, refused to license more than four. At length a compromise was effected, and eight of the friars were licensed to hear confessions in the archdeaconry of Oxford. In 1301[1066], Hugh was again abroad, probably at the General Chapter at Genoa. In Sept. 1302, he was, with W. of Gainsborough and others, sent as ambassador to the Court of Rome to negotiate for peace with the King of France[1067]. While in Italy on this mission, he attended the General Chapter at Assisi[1068]; he probably did not return to England, as we are told that he was ‘buried among the friars at Assisi[1069].’

21.John de PersoraorPershore(c. 1390) called in the Assisi MS. John de Persole (see above, under Hertepol).

22.John of Berwicklectured at Oxford before the end of the thirteenth century. He was buried at Stamford. Bale identifies him with a Brenlanlius who is referred to by John Pico de Mirandola in his treatisecontra Astrologos.

Joannis Anglici Ordinis Minorum Summa Astrologiae Judicialis, quae anglicana vulgo nuncupatur(doubtful).

MS. Florence:—Laurentiana, in Plut. XXIX (Montfaucon, p. 237, 299).Printed at Venice 1489, under the name of Joannes Eschvid (i.e.Eshendon or Ashendon; see MS. Bodl. 3467, p. 91).

MS. Florence:—Laurentiana, in Plut. XXIX (Montfaucon, p. 237, 299).

Printed at Venice 1489, under the name of Joannes Eschvid (i.e.Eshendon or Ashendon; see MS. Bodl. 3467, p. 91).

Questiones Joannis de Beroyko de Ordine Fratrum Minorum de Formis.

MS. Venice:—Bibl. S. Anton. (Tomasin, p. 9).

Leland adds: ‘Collaudat eruditorum Index Franciscanorum ejusIn longobardum elucubrationes[1070].’

23.Thomas of Barneby, wrongly called by Brewer ‘Johannes de Barneby,’ is identified by Wood, without much probability, with the first Senior Dean of Merton College, who was appointed by Kilwardby in 1276[1071]. He is mentioned in a record dated March 20, 1326, as ‘master of the Friars Minors[1072].’

24.Adam of Lincoln, D.D. and regent master of the Franciscans at Oxford, succeeded Hugh of Hertepol as fifteenth Provincial Minister, probably in 1304[1073]; he had ceased to hold the office in 1310[1074]. He was one of the doctors of theology appointed in the Provincial Council of York in July 1311, to examine the charges of heresy against the Knights Templars[1075]. He was buried at Lincoln. The Register of the Friars Minors of London adds:qui fecit mirabilia; probably some word likeoperais to be supplied[1076].

25.William of Gainsborough[1077]must have been Provincial Minister before he lectured at Oxford[1078]. He was Provincial in Oct. 1285, being the twelfth in order[1079]. He was doctor of theology in1294, when he was sent with Friar Hugh of Manchester, a Dominican, to the King of France, to protest against the latter’s seizure of Gascony and to renounce homage in the name of the English King[1080]. In 1299 he accompanied the Provincial, Hugh of Hertepol, to the General Chapter at Lyons[1081]. Early in 1300 he was called by Boniface VIII to lecture on theology in the Roman Curia[1082]; the King paid his expenses.

Fratri Willmo de Geynesburgh de ordine Minorum eunti ad curiam Romanam ad mandatum Pape ad legendum de Theologia in palatio ejusdem Pape, de dono Regis ad quatuor equos sibi emendos pro equitatura sua et socii sui et pro hernes’ eorundem portand’ versus eandem curiam, 50 marc’. Eidem de dono Regis ad expensas suas morando in eadem curia pro negotio predicto 50 marc’, per manus Domini J. de Droken’ liberantis eidem denar’ apud London’ mense Maii. Eidem de dono Regis nomine expensarum suarum eundo de Wysebech usque London’ pro dictis denariis ibidem recipiendis mense predicto 26s.8d.Summa 68 li[1083].

During the two years that he remained at Rome[1084], his energies were not entirely confined to his work as lecturer. Boniface was at this time endeavouring to bring the war between France and England to a close by arbitration. In Sept. 1300, Friar William of Gainsborough was appointed by Edward I to act as one of his ‘proctors and special messengers’ at Rome in this matter[1085]; and in Sept. 1302, he was employed with Hugh of Hertepol and others in the same capacity[1086]. On Oct. 24, 1302, the Pope, passing over the candidate of the Chapter, nominated William, Bishop of Worcester; the consecration took place on Nov. 25, the enthronement on June 9, 1303[1087]. As a protest against the Papal interference, the King imposed a fine of 1000 marks on the new bishop[1088], but granted him £100 for the expenses for his inthronization in consideration of his great need[1089].William still continued to be employed in affairs of state[1090]. In March 1307, at Carlisle, he demanded and obtained from the Papal nuncio the excommunication of the murderers of John Comyn[1091]. On March 22, he was appointed to accompany Prince Edward on his journey to France to claim the hand of Isabella[1092]. Later in the same year he was sent on an embassy to Rome in connexion with the same affair[1093]. On his return journey[1094]he died at Beauvais (Sept. 17); as nearly all his attendants died at the same time, it was believed that the calamity was due to poison[1095]. The bishop was buried among the Friars Minors at Beauvais[1096].

26.John Basset.

One of this name is said to have writtenChronicain English; he was probably much later than this friar. Tanner,Bibl.79.

27.Thomas RondelorRundel[1097]was lecturer at Oxford in the last years of the thirteenth century, having previously read the sentences at Paris[1098]. In 1309 he was one of the commissioners or inquisitors appointed to hear the accusations against the Knights Templars; he is then described as master of theology, and probably resided in the convent at London[1099], where he was buried[1100].

28.Adam of HowdenorHovedenorHoudene[1101]was D.D. and probably regent master of the Franciscans at Oxford in 1300. He was one of the twenty-two friars presented by Hugh of Hertepol on July 26 of this year, to receive the bishop’s license to hear confessions at Oxford, and was one of the eight actually licensed[1102]. He afterwards read at Cambridge as the twenty-ninth master of the Friars Minors[1103]. An ‘Adam de Houdene’ was chamberlain to W. of Gainsborough, Bishop of Worcester (1302-7), but he was not a friar.[1104]

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