Chapter 35

FINIS.

Oxford Historical Society.

PUBLICATIONS.

1884.

1. Register of the University of Oxford.Vol. I. (1449-63; 1505-71), edited by the Rev.C. W. Boase, M.A., pp. xxxviii + 364. (price to the public, without discount, and prepaid, 16s.)2. Remarks and Collections of Thomas Hearne.Vol. I. (4 July 1705-19 March 1707), edited byC. E. Doble, M.A., pp. viii + 404. (16s.)

1. Register of the University of Oxford.Vol. I. (1449-63; 1505-71), edited by the Rev.C. W. Boase, M.A., pp. xxxviii + 364. (price to the public, without discount, and prepaid, 16s.)

2. Remarks and Collections of Thomas Hearne.Vol. I. (4 July 1705-19 March 1707), edited byC. E. Doble, M.A., pp. viii + 404. (16s.)

1884-85.

3. The Early History of Oxford (727-1100), preceded by a sketch of the Mythical Origin of the City and University.ByJames Parker, M.A.With three illustrations, pp. xxii + 420. (20s.)

1885.

4. Memorials of Merton College, with biographical notices of the Wardens and Fellows.By the Hon.Geo. C. Brodrick, Warden of Merton College. With one illustration, pp. xx + 416. (16s., to members of Merton 12s.)5. Collectanea, 1st series, edited byC. R. L. Fletcher, M.A.(Contents:—a.Letters relating to Oxford in the XIVth Century, edited by H. H. Henson;b.Catalogue of the Library of Oriel College in the XIVth Century, edited by C. L. Shadwell;c.Daily ledger of John Dorne, bookseller in Oxford, 1520, edited by F. Madan;d.All Souls CollegeversusLady Jane Stafford, 1587, edited by C. R. L. Fletcher;e.Account Book of James Wilding, Undergraduate of Merton College, 1682-88, edited by E. G. Duff;f.Dr. Wallis’s Letter against Maidwell, 1700, edited by T. W. Jackson.) With two illustrations, pp. viii + 358. (16s.)

5. Collectanea, 1st series, edited byC. R. L. Fletcher, M.A.(Contents:—a.Letters relating to Oxford in the XIVth Century, edited by H. H. Henson;b.Catalogue of the Library of Oriel College in the XIVth Century, edited by C. L. Shadwell;c.Daily ledger of John Dorne, bookseller in Oxford, 1520, edited by F. Madan;d.All Souls CollegeversusLady Jane Stafford, 1587, edited by C. R. L. Fletcher;e.Account Book of James Wilding, Undergraduate of Merton College, 1682-88, edited by E. G. Duff;f.Dr. Wallis’s Letter against Maidwell, 1700, edited by T. W. Jackson.) With two illustrations, pp. viii + 358. (16s.)

1886.

6. Magdalen College and King James II, 1686-88.A series of documents collected and edited by the Rev.J. R. Bloxam, D.D., with additions, pp. lii + 292. (16s., to members of Magdalen 12s.)7. Hearne’s Collections, as No. 2 above. Vol. II. (20 Mar. 1707-22 May 1710), pp. viii + 480. (16s.)8. Elizabethan Oxford.Reprints of rare tracts. Edited by Rev.C. Plummer, M.A.(Contents:—a.Nicolai Fierberti Oxoniensis Academiæ descriptio, 1602:b.Leonard Hutton on the Antiquities of Oxford;c.Queen Elizabeth at Oxford, 1566 [pieces by J. Bereblock, Thomas Nele, Nich. Robinson, and Rich. Stephens, with appendixes]:d.Queen Elizabeth at Oxford, 1592, by Philip Stringer:e.Apollinis et Musarum Eidyllia per Joannem Sandford, 1592), pp. xxxii + 316. (10s.)

6. Magdalen College and King James II, 1686-88.A series of documents collected and edited by the Rev.J. R. Bloxam, D.D., with additions, pp. lii + 292. (16s., to members of Magdalen 12s.)

7. Hearne’s Collections, as No. 2 above. Vol. II. (20 Mar. 1707-22 May 1710), pp. viii + 480. (16s.)

8. Elizabethan Oxford.Reprints of rare tracts. Edited by Rev.C. Plummer, M.A.(Contents:—a.Nicolai Fierberti Oxoniensis Academiæ descriptio, 1602:b.Leonard Hutton on the Antiquities of Oxford;c.Queen Elizabeth at Oxford, 1566 [pieces by J. Bereblock, Thomas Nele, Nich. Robinson, and Rich. Stephens, with appendixes]:d.Queen Elizabeth at Oxford, 1592, by Philip Stringer:e.Apollinis et Musarum Eidyllia per Joannem Sandford, 1592), pp. xxxii + 316. (10s.)

1887.

9. Letters of Richard Radcliffe and John James, of Queen’s College, Oxford, 1749-83: edited byMargaret Evans. pp. xxxvi + 306. (15s., to members of Queen’s 10s.6d.)10. Register of the University of Oxford, vol. 2 (1571-1622), part 1. Introductions.Edited by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.pp. xxxii + 468. (18s.)

9. Letters of Richard Radcliffe and John James, of Queen’s College, Oxford, 1749-83: edited byMargaret Evans. pp. xxxvi + 306. (15s., to members of Queen’s 10s.6d.)

10. Register of the University of Oxford, vol. 2 (1571-1622), part 1. Introductions.Edited by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.pp. xxxii + 468. (18s.)

1887-8.

11. Do. part 2. Matriculations and Subscriptions.Edited by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.pp. xvi + 424. (18s.)

1888.

12. Do. part 3. Degrees.Edited by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.pp. viii + 448. (17s.)13. Hearne’s Collections, as No. 2 above. Vol. III. (25 May 1710-December 14, 1712), pp. viii + 516. (16s.)

12. Do. part 3. Degrees.Edited by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.pp. viii + 448. (17s.)

13. Hearne’s Collections, as No. 2 above. Vol. III. (25 May 1710-December 14, 1712), pp. viii + 516. (16s.)

1889.

14. Register of the University of Oxford, vol. II, part 4. Index.Edited by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A., pp. viii + 468. (17s.)15. Wood’s History of the City of Oxford.New Edition.By the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.Vol. I. The City and Suburbs. With three Maps and several Diagrams, pp. xii + 660. (25s.: to citizens of Oxford 20s.: the two Maps of old Oxford separately, not folded, 1s.6d.: to citizens 1s.)

14. Register of the University of Oxford, vol. II, part 4. Index.Edited by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A., pp. viii + 468. (17s.)

15. Wood’s History of the City of Oxford.New Edition.By the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.Vol. I. The City and Suburbs. With three Maps and several Diagrams, pp. xii + 660. (25s.: to citizens of Oxford 20s.: the two Maps of old Oxford separately, not folded, 1s.6d.: to citizens 1s.)

1890.

16. Collectanea, 2nd series, edited by ProfessorMontagu Burrows. (Contents:—a.The Oxford Market, by O. Ogle;b.The University of Oxford in the Twelfth Century, by T. E. Holland;c.The Friars Preachers of the University, edited by H. Rashdall;d.Notes on the Jews in Oxford, by A. Neubauer;e.Linacre’s Catalogue of Grocyn’s Books, followed by a Memoir of Grocyn, by the Editor;f.Table-Talk and Papers of Bishop Hough, 1703-1743, edited by W. D. Macray;g.Extracts from the ‘Gentleman’s Magazine’ relating to Oxford, 1731-1800, by F. J. Haverfield. Appendix: Corrections and Additions to Collectanea, vol. I. (Day-book of John Dorne, Bookseller at Oxford,A. D.1520, by F. Madan, including ‘A Half-century of Notes’ on Dorne, by Henry Bradshaw.) With one diagram, pp. xii + 517.(16s.)17. Wood’s History of the City of Oxford, as No. 15 above. Vol. II. Churches and Religious Houses. With Map and Diagram, pp. xii + 550. (20s.: to citizens of Oxford, 16s.: Map of Oxford in 1440, separately, not folded, 9d.; to citizens, 6d.)

17. Wood’s History of the City of Oxford, as No. 15 above. Vol. II. Churches and Religious Houses. With Map and Diagram, pp. xii + 550. (20s.: to citizens of Oxford, 16s.: Map of Oxford in 1440, separately, not folded, 9d.; to citizens, 6d.)

1890-91.

18. Oxford City Documents, financial and judicial, 1268-1665. Selected and edited byJ. E. Thorold Rogers, late Drummond Professor of Political Economy in the University of Oxford. pp. viii. + 439 + 2 loose leaves. (12s.)

1891.

19. The Life and Times of Anthony Wood, antiquary, of Oxford, 1632-1695, described by Himself.Collected from his Diaries and other Papers, by the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.Vol. I: 1632-1663. With Illustrations. (20s.)20. The Grey Friars in Oxford.Part I, A History of the Convent; Part II, Biographical Notices of the Friars, together with Appendices of original documents. ByAndrew G. Little, M.A.pp. xvi + 372. (16s.)

20. The Grey Friars in Oxford.Part I, A History of the Convent; Part II, Biographical Notices of the Friars, together with Appendices of original documents. ByAndrew G. Little, M.A.pp. xvi + 372. (16s.)

Forthcoming Publications.

1892.

Reminiscences of Oxford, by Oxford men.Selected and edited by MissL. Quiller Couch(nearly ready).History of Kidlington, Yarnton, and Begbrook.By the Hon. Mrs.Stapleton(in course of printing).The Life and Times of Anthony Wood, antiquary, of Oxford, 1632-1695, described by himself. By the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.Vol. II (nearly printed).(TheCartulary of St. Frideswide,Place names of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire,Berkshire Wills,Oxford and the Neighbourhood during the Civil War,Hearne’s Collections, vol. IV., and other volumes are in preparation.)

Reminiscences of Oxford, by Oxford men.Selected and edited by MissL. Quiller Couch(nearly ready).

History of Kidlington, Yarnton, and Begbrook.By the Hon. Mrs.Stapleton(in course of printing).

The Life and Times of Anthony Wood, antiquary, of Oxford, 1632-1695, described by himself. By the Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A.Vol. II (nearly printed).

(TheCartulary of St. Frideswide,Place names of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire,Berkshire Wills,Oxford and the Neighbourhood during the Civil War,Hearne’s Collections, vol. IV., and other volumes are in preparation.)

A full description of the Society’s work and objects can be obtained by application to any of the Committee (Rev.C. W. Boase, Exeter College; Rev.Andrew Clark, 30 Warnborough Road;C. R. L. Fletcher, Esq., 22 Norham Gardens;P. Lyttelton Gell, Esq., Headington Hill; andFalconer Madan, Esq. (Hon. Treasurer), 90 Banbury Road, Oxford). The annual subscription is one guinea, andthe published volumes as a set can be obtained by new members at one-fourth the published price.

Footnotes:

[1]A few others have been used occasionally, such as the Phillipps catalogue (1837), and Ulysse Robert’sInventaire sommaire.

[2]I have not seen Part 3 of Vol. 2 (Codices 15029-21405), which is missing in the British Museum.

[3]Chronicle of Thomas Eccleston, ‘De Adventu Minorum,’ Mon. Francisc. I, p. 5: ‘A. D. MCCXXIV... feria tertia post festum nativitatis Beatae Virginis.’ This date has been disputed. Wadding (Annales Minorum, I, 303, 362) places the arrival in 1219. The arguments in favour of this view are, (1) that St. Francis appointed Agnellus minister of England in 1219; (2) the statement of Matthew Parissub anno1243, that the friars ‘built their first houses in England scarcely twenty-four years ago’ (Chron. Majora, IV, 279). But the evidence in favour of (1) is not conclusive; the letter of St. Francis to Agnellus (Wadding, I, 303; Collectanea Anglo-Minoritica, pp. 5-6) is undated. The contention however seems to be supported by a passage in Eccleston (Mon. Franc. I, 10), identifying the 32nd year after the settlement of the friars in England with the second year of the ministry of Peter of Tewkesbury, who according to the received chronology became minister in 1250 (more probably 1251). From this one might conjecture that the establishment of the English province was officially dated from 1219. But the fragment in Mon. Franc. II, and another MS. of Eccleston in the Phillipps Library at Thirlestaine House, No. 3119, fol. 71-80 (a MS. unknown to either of the editors of the Monumenta Franciscana), read here (fol. 73) ‘quinto anno administrationis Fratris Petri,’ instead of ‘secundo anno,’ and this is probably the correct version. As to argument (2), Paris probably wrote his account (of 1243) a few years later than 1243, and dated accordingly; again the passage refers to Dominicans as well as Franciscans. The evidence in favour of the later date is much stronger. Besides Eccleston, the best authority, we have the statement of the author of the Lanercost Chronicle, himself a Friar Minor: ‘Quo et anno (1224) post festum natalis Virginis gloriosae applicuerunt fratres Minorum in Angliam’ (p. 30). This may be derived from Eccleston, but on the next page is a statement which is certainly independent of him: ‘Eodem anno (1224) venerunt primo fratres Minores in Angliam, in festo beati Bartholomaei apostoli’ (Aug. 24). Cf. ‘Annals of Worcester,’sub anno1224 (Ann. Monast. IV, 416).

[4]If so, Bartholomew’s narrative is inaccurate; according to him the adventure happened to Agnellus and his four companions (among whom was Albert of Pisa) on their way from Canterbury to Oxford. But Bartholomew is not remarkable for accuracy. Liber Conformitatum, fol. 79 (ed. Milan, 1510).

[5]‘Joculatores et non dei servos.’ Wood’s version of the story differs in several points from that of Bartholomew of Pisa, from whom it is professedly derived. (MS. F 29a, f. 175a, quoted in Dugdale, VI, pt. 3, p. 1524.)

[6]Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 9.

[7]Ibid. p. 17.

[8]Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 9.

[9]Ibid. p. 17: ‘In qua intraverunt ordinem multi probi baccalaurei et multi nobiles.’ Cf. ib. p. 61.

[10]Ibid. Denifle (‘Die Universitäten des Mittelalters,’ I, 245) puts the arrival of the Franciscans at Oxford in the year 1225, the hiring of their first house in 1226, of their second ‘at the beginning of the thirties,’ on the authority of Eccleston.

[11]Mon. Franc. I, p. 27.

[12]See, e.g., Wadding, Ann. Minorum, I, 10, 302, &c.; Mon. Franc. I, 567 seq., &c.

[13]Lanercost Chron. 130: ‘Tenemur creditoribus in urbe decem marcarum solutionem.’ The whole account of the circumstances is very curious, but too long to quote here. The date is about 1280.

[14]Mon. Franc. I, p. 17: ‘Fuit autem area ipsa brevis et arcta nimis’; p. 34, ‘Usque ad tempus Fratris Alberti domus ipsa diversorio careret.’ Wiclif attributed the great plague in a large measure to the friars herding together in cities; Trialogus, IV, cap. 32 (p. 370).

[15]Mon. Franc. I, 34.

[16]Barth. of Pisa, Liber Conform. f. 79b: cf. Mon. Franc. I, 16, 542. The prelates referred to are Ralph Maidstone and John Reading.

[17]Liberate Roll, 23 Hen. III, m. 6: ‘ccc ulnas panni grisei’ for Minorites; and m. 3: ‘Lij ulnas Russetti ad tunicas faciendas ad opus xiij fratrum Minorum de Rading’, scilicet ulnam de precio xi denariorum ad plus.’ Four ells went to make a habit. The quality was not the best, the ordinary price for russet—i.e. undyed cloth of black wool—was 1s.4d.an ell; Rogers, ‘Hist. of Prices,’ II, 536-7. At the end of the fourteenth century Friar W. Woodford says that the friars were better clothed in England than elsewhere owing to the abundance of wool in this country; Twyne, MS. XXI, 501.

[18]Mon. Franc. I, 66: cf. ibid. 55.

[19]Or ‘idiots,’ as Brewer translates (Mon. Franc. I, 631) the original ‘omnes fatui nativi,’ Lanerc. Chron. 30. Cf. Mon. Franc. I, 564 (Testament of St. Francis): ‘We were content to be taken as ideotis and foolys of euery man.’

[20]Mon. Franc. I, 28; other convents were less scrupulous; see Liberate Roll, 23 Hen. III, m. 6—an order to buy ‘ccc paria sotularium’ at the Winchester fair for the Friars Minors there.

[21]Lanerc. Chron. 31.

[22]Eccleston, p. 38.

[23]Ibid. p. 52.

[24]Mon. Franc. I, p. 195; the date of the letter is probably about 1250. On the other hand, Adam seems to have accepted ‘small coins’ (quatrinos) by way of alms from a friend; ibid. p. 229.

[25]Liberate Rolls, 22 Hen. III, m. 15; 29 Hen. III, m. 5; 30 Hen. III, m. 17. In making this statement, I have relied on the MS. Calendar of the Patent Rolls for Hen. III (3 vols. folio, containing some 4000 pages), the MS. Cal. of the Close Rolls from the 12th year of Hen. III to the end of his reign (10 vols. folio), both in the Public Record Office; the Liberate Rolls of the same reign, for which no Calendar exists, I have gone through; after Hen. III these latter become less full and interesting.

[26]Close, 15 Hen. III, m. 11.

[27]Ibid. 20 Hen. III, m. 11.

[28]Ibid. 21 Hen. III, m. 1.

[29]SeeClose Rollsfor the following years of Hen. III: 15 (m. 2), 17 (m. 15, and 10), 18 (m. 28, and 18), 19 (pt. 1, m. 8), 20 (m. 6), 22 (m. 16), 26 (m. 4), 30 (m. 17, and 2), 36 (m. 24), 39 (m. 15), 40 (m. 8), 41 (m. 10), 42 (m. 6), 43 (m. 9), 45 (m. 21), 47 (m. 8), 48 (m. 6), 50 (m. 3), 51 (m. 4), 54 (m. 8), 55 (m. 1).Liberate Rolls, 17 (m. 6), 22 (m. 9), 23 (m. 10), 24 (m. 13), 26 (m. 5), 30 (m. 16), 32 (m. 4), 36 (m. 14).

[30]Close, 24 Hen. III, m. 11 (Custodibus vinorum Suhant) and Liberate, 24 Hen. III, m. 12 (Custodibus vinorum R. Oxon).

[31]Close, 32 Hen. III, m. 9; cf. Lyte, p. 43.

[32]Ibid. m. 8.

[33]Liberate, 29 Hen. III, m. 14. Isabella, sister of Henry III, married Frederick II in 1235, and died Dec. 1, 1241.

[34]Mon. Franc. I, p. 19.

[35]Ibid. p. 20.

[36]Barth. of Pisa has changed this story from a dream into a reality and added miraculous incidents: ‘Crux lignea ... fragore stupendo se vertit ad fratres; ... et plures eorum mortui sunt in brevi.’ Liber Conform. f. 80.

[37]‘Tria sunt necessaria ad salutem tempora, cibus, somnus et jocus.’ Mon. Franc. I, 64.

[38]Ibid. p. 56.

[39]Ibid. p. 58; he added, that, ‘when he was with St. Francis, the saint compelled him to double every day what he had been accustomed to eat.’ Cf. Mrs. Oliphant’s ‘Francis of Assisi,’ p. 85.

[40]Mon. Franc. I, 64-5.

[41]Mon. Franc. I, pp. 64-66.

[42]Bishop Gardiner’s description of a Cambridge Augustinian, quoted by Dixon, ‘Church of England,’ II, p. 253, n.: he ‘was of a merry scoffing wit, friar-like; and as a good fellow in company was beloved of many.’

[43]In 1398, e.g. ‘On Sunday came two Friars Minors to dine with the fellows (of New College), also the farmer of Heyford.’ Boase, Oxford, p. 78.

[44]Mon. Franc. II, 68. St. Francis used to sprinkle sumptuous fare with ashes; Oliphant, p. 86.

[45]See story of the warden who on the day that he preached to the people cracked jokes with a monk after dinner in the presence of a secular; Mon. Franc. I, 53. ‘Oxoniæ’ in the same paragraph should be ‘Exoniæ’: Serlo was Dean of Exeter, 1225-1231, Le Neve, Fasti.

[46]Mon. Franc. I, p. 55.

[47]Cf. ibid. p. 6, W. of Esseby; and p. 23, Haymo of Faversham; ‘fuit enim ita gratiosus et eloquens, ut etiam adversantibus Ordini gratus et acceptus existeret.’

[48]Ibid. 52; M. Paris, Chron. Majora, IV, p. 257. Cf. ibid. p. 251; Annals of Tewkesbury (Ann. Monast. I, 92).

[49]Liberate Rolls, 31 Hen. III, m. 4, 42 Hen. III, m. 3.

[50]See Part II, W. of Gainsborough, H. of Hertepol.

[51]Grosseteste, Epistolæ, p. 21.

[52]Mon. Franc. I, p. 15.

[53]Grosseteste, Ep. p. 21, ‘nec moveat aliquem,’ &c.: a striking illustration of the fascination of Eastern heresies at the time.

[54]Ibid. and Mon. Franc. p. 16.

[55]Lanerc. Chron. p. 81.

[56]Ibid. p. 128. His name is not given.

[57]It will of course be remembered that in the early thirteenth century the Chancellor of the University was in fact as in legal theory the delegate of the bishop of the diocese.

[58]Lyte, p. 38.

[59]Grosseteste, Ep. Letter XX.

[60]Mon. Franc. I, p. 99.

[61]Ibid. p. 100-101.

[62]Pat. 28 Hen. III, m. 7in dorso. Mr. M. Lyte (p. 42, note 3) makes the date of the king’s writ May 10, 1246, of the deed of acknowledgment, May 11, 28 Hen. III (i.e. 1244); and adds to the confusion about the Bacons by reading John instead of Robert.

[63]Close, 3 Edward I, m. 18in dorso, writ to the Chancellor. Oliver was Prior of the Dominicans about this time, Wood-Clark, II, 337.

[64]fflemēguiłł.

[65]Mon. Franc. I, 405.

[66]TheWardensof the college and of the convent were liable to be deposed on the petition of the members of their respective houses, and the system of ‘exhibitions’ for scholars must have resembled that in vogue among the friars at the University. But the year of probation, the observance of silence, the ‘scrutinies’ or chapters, were common to all monastic institutions.

[67]Twyne, MS. XXII, 103c; Cap. 32 of Woodford’sDefensorium: ‘It is manifest that one friar minor confessor to a venerable Lady moved her to make that Hall at Oxford which is called the Hall of Balliol.’

[68]Letter of Devorguila to Friar R. de Slikeburne, dated 1284, in College Archives: Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. IV, p. 442.

[69]Ibid. pp. 442, 444, four deeds from 1285 to 1287.

[70]Preserved in the College Archives: printed in Savage’sBalliofergus, p. 15 seq.

[71]The care taken of the poorer students, of their feelings no less than of their purses, is particularly interesting in connexion with the Franciscans.

[72]Cf. the Statutes of 1282, which are to be observed ‘in the time of all proctors whatsoever;’ the Statutes of Sir Philip Somerville (1340) mention ‘duo Magistri extrinseci’ (Statutes of the Oxford Colleges, Vol. I, Balliol, p. x).

[73]History MSS. Com.ut supra.

[74]Ibid. (abstract).

[75]The clause to which objection was made was, that if the Master obtained a benefice of the annual value of £10, ‘ipso facto noverit (ab officio) se amotum.’ Statutes of the Oxford Colleges, Vol. I, Balliol, p. xx.

[76]E.g. in 1257, Bonaventura investigates the causes ‘cur splendor nostri Ordinis quodammodo obscuratur.’ Wadding, IV, 58; cf. M. Paris, Chron. Majora, IV, 279-8; Mon. Franc. I, 361-3, 408, &c.

[77]Mon. Franc. I, 48.

[78]Ibid. 48. Friar Albert of Pisa, who, as Minister of seven provinces and General of the Order, had no lack of experience, ‘died commending the English above all nations in zeal for their Order’ (ibid.). Cf. ibid. p. 68, John of Parma, General, frequently exclaimed when in England: ‘Would that such a province had been set in the midst of the world to be for an example to all the churches!’

[79]Eccleston, p. 9.

[80]An entry in ‘Placita Corone 25 Hen. III, Oxon. M.5⁄1} 2, m. 1 b,’ may lead to the identification of the site; it is an agreement between Robert, Master of the Hospital of St. John, outside the East Gate, and Roger Noyf, ‘de escambio unius messuagii cum pertinenciis in Oxonia ... videlicet quod idem Rogerus dedit et concessit predicto magistro in escambium predicti messuagii magnam domum ipsius Rogeri lapideam, que est ante ecclesiam Sce Abbe cum pertinenciis. Et quod situm est inter terram Roberti le Mercer et terram quam tenet de Abbate de Abendon.’

[81]Wood-Clark, II, 358.

[82]Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 9; cf. Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10; both printed in Mon. Franc. I, 616-7, and in Appx. A.

[83]Mayor in 1227, 1228, 1229, Wood-Peshall, ‘City of Oxford,’ p. 355.

[84]‘Ex elemosyna collecta.’

[85]The original of this grant is in the Oxford City Archives, marked ‘17.’ See Appx. A. 1.

[86]Close Roll, 20 Henry III, m. 9: printed in Appx. A. 2.

[87]Parker, ‘Early History of Oxford,’ p. 342: extracts from Domesday Book.

[88]Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 34: ‘Tantus erat zelator paupertatis, ut vix permitteret vel ampliari areas vel domos aedificari, nisi secundum quod exegit inevitabilis necessitas.’

[89]Mon. Franc. I, p. 55.

[90]Ibid. pp. 34-5.

[91]‘Sufficienter ampliatus,’ Eccleston, p. 35: cf. Wykes, Ann. Monast. IV, 93 (1245): ‘The Friars Minors at Oxford, hitherto confined to narrow limits, began to widen their boundaries and build new houses.’

[92]Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 9; Appx. A. 3.

[93]i.e. Littlegate, not South Gate (as Boase, p. 68), which was in St. Aldate’s parish.

[94]Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10; Appx. A. 8; Mon. Franc. I, p. 617. It was this grant of 1248 that remained in force: see confirmation of it in Pat. 18 Edw. III, m. 19.

[95]It is uncertain who this Guydo was: a ‘Guido filius Roberti’ was Sheriff of Oxfordshire in 1249: Liberate, 33 Hen. III, m. 9; and two sons of Guydo had a lawsuit in 13 Ed. I: Placita Corone, Oxon. M.5⁄2} 1, m. 5 đ, &c.

[96]Brian Tywne, MS. XXII, 131: ‘Ex Rotulo general, Inquis. com. et villae Oxon. per hundred capta Ao6oet 7oEdiIiper sacramentum inhabitantium.’ Wood (MS. F 29 a, f. 176 a) copies this from B. Twyne: Peshall and Stevens, copying carelessly from Wood, speak of it as an ‘Inquisition taken in the year 1221.’

[97]Wood (MS. F 29 a, f. 176) after quoting this Inquisition, goes on: ‘besides wchthey had another large piece of ground of yesaid Agnes since knowne (as now tis) as part of paradise garden;’ and he adds in the margin: ‘another piece of land they had wchwas Tho. Fullonis or Alice Foliot ut in Carta 66 ex lib. S. frid. v. AV. p. 19,’ i.e. Wood MS. C 2, p. 19 in Bodleian—a charter from Stephen to St. Frideswide’s, confirming the property of the Priory in and outside Oxford: among the tenants is Tho. Fullo, who pays 5s.for land in St. Ebbe’s; the charter is No. 66 in the Corpus Copy of St. Frideswide’s Chartulary, and dates in its present form from c. 33 Hen. III. (I am indebted to Rev. S. R. Wigram for this reference.) This tenement of Tho. Fullo was very likely near St. Budhoc’s, where William and Rad. Fullo had land. See B. Twyne, MS. III, 8-9, Charter of R. de Hokenorton, in ‘libro Osneyensi;’ and XXII, 286.

[98]Le Neve, Fasti.

[99]Feet of Fines, Oxon., 29 Hen. III, m. 40-44, and 46. For first grant see Appx. A. 6.

[100]Feet of Fines, Oxon., 29 Hen. III, m. 46, ‘a die S. Johannis Baptiste In tres septimanas.’

[101]This fee of the Abbat of Bec belonged to Steventon Priory, Berks, a cell of the Abbey of Bec in Normandy. Dugdale, Vol. VI, p. 1044.

[102]Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 6 (Appx. A. 5). Whether the island lay to the south or west of the Friary is not certain. Wood says: ‘This piece of ground I suppose was part of (or at least near adjoyning to) paradise garden though wee now see it all one intire piece; for in ancient time it was divided in severall Islands, as may be seene by the arches under a ruinous stone wall to this day remaining in the same garden.’ MS. F 29 a, f. 176 (Wood-Clark, II, 396). Cf. Clark’s edition of Wood’s ‘City of Oxford,’ Vol. I, p. 578, note 37. ‘Paradise Garden formerly belonging to the Grey Fryers. There was a rivulet running sometimes through and made it two. The arch is in the wall to this day that parts Paradise and the Grey Friers. It came from the east part of Paradice and soe ran downe as far as the brewhouse which brewhous was formerly part of Paradise.’ Elsewhere he says: ‘Which isle was situated on the south side of their habitation (the rivulet called Trill Mill running between) and on the west side of the habitation of the Black Fryers; and is now belonging to Sir William Morton, Kt.’ &c.; ibid, Vol. II, p. 361; cf. p. 396, n. 2, where he identifies this piece of land (i.e. the ground between the present New St., Norfolk St., and Friars St.) with the friars’groveas distinguished from the island.

[103]Liberate Roll, 29 Hen. III, m. 9 (Appx. A. 4).

[104]Or ‘present at’—interfuit.

[105]Pat. 31 Hen. III, m. 8 (see Appx. A. 7).

[106]Ingram in his Memorials of Oxford, published 1837 (Vol. III, under St. Ebbe’s), says, speaking of Pat. 29 Hen. III, m. 9: ‘A great part of the wall built according to this agreement is still in existence, or at least an old wall on the same site.’ Some of it, on the west side of Littlegate Street, south of Charles Street, is still to be seen. Cf. Wood, MS. 29 a, fol. 179: ‘On the east side of it (i.e. Minorites’ property) ... was the way leading from Watergate to Preachers Bridge.’

[107]Pat. 46 Hen. III, m. 11 (May 7).

[108]Pat. 49 Hen. III, m. 24 (Feb. 5).

[109]Ibid. (Feb. 8), Appx. A. 9.

[110]B. Twyne (MS. III, 13) seems to have been led astray by the word ‘benedictum’ into thinking there was a Benedictine church here.

[111]Placita Coronae, Oxon. 13 Edw. I, M.5⁄2} 3, m. 55.

[112]Chronicles of Edw. I & II, Vol. I, p. 83 (R.S.).

[113]Wadding, V, p. 575, No. xxiiEx parte dilectorum. The date isVIKal. Sept. An. 2.

[114]Wadding, Ann. Min. Vol. VI, p. 463.

[115]Wadding calls him ‘Earl of Kichiemunda.’

[116]Pat. 3 Edw. II, m. 9 (Appx. A. 11).

[117]Pat. Edw. II, m. 14 (Appx. A. 10).

[118]No donor’s name occurs.

[119]This is probably the land which Wood refers to as having belonged to Thomas Fullo. The charter of Rob. Hokenorton to Osney mentions ‘land which Will. Fullo held of Reginald de Sub Muro, juxta ecclesiam S. Budoci, Oxon., quae tendit a Regia Semita usque ad aquam Thamesis in profundum, et usque ad terram Radulfi Fullonis in latum, ex australi parte predicte Ecclesie.’ B. Twyne, MS. III, 8-9.

[120]Pat. 12 Edw. II, m. 25 (6 March, 1319); Appx. A. 12.

[121]Inquis. a. q. D. 13 Edw. II, No. 31.

[122]Inquis. Oxon. Capta 6 and 7 Edw. I; Brian Twyne, III, 8-9. Walter Aurifaber had a daughter named Agatha; ib. XXIV, 253.

[123]Inquis. a. q. D. 12 Edw. II, No. 47 (5 March, 18 May), Appx. A. 13; Pat. 13 Edw. II, m. 44 (8 July).

[124]Pat. 14 Edw. II, m. 10 (12 May).

[125]Pat. 11 Edw. III, pt. 2, m. 6 (19 Aug.), Appx. A. 14.

[126]Rob. le Mercer and others are commanded to help the Mayor, Peter son of Thorald, in building the city wall (Claus. 18 Hen. III, m. 23). Robert Owen and Ric. the Miller witness William of Wileford’s deed, see App. The names are significant—the Mercer, the Miller, the Barber, the Tailor.

[127]Wood-Peshall, Ancient and Present State, &c., p. 355.

[128]One of this name was Commissioner of gaol delivery for Dorchester, Wycombe, Aylesbury, &c.: Pat. 54 Hen. III, m. 17 đ, 12 đ; and 55 Hen. III, m. 28 đ.

[129]Eccleston, Mon. Franc. I, p. 9.

[130]Close Roll, 16 Hen. III, m. 9 (June 17).

[131]Eccleston, p. 20.

[132]Ibid.; and Barth. of Pisa, Lib. Conform. fol. 80.

[133]Eccleston, p. 54. Barth. of Pisa says, ‘in capsa lignea,’ fol. 80.

[134]Eccleston, ibid.

[135]Eccleston, p. 37, ‘Scholam satis honestam.’

[136]Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10.

[137]Mon. Franc. I, 25.

[138]Ibid. 362: ‘quasi carni et sanguini, quasi luto et lateribus, quasi lignis et lapidibus, quasi quibuscunque qualicunque compendiolo mundanis questibus totum dandum esset.’

[139]Wood, MS. F 29 a, f. 179 a.

[140]Claus. 24 Hen. III, m. 17 (Feb. 5); Liberate, 24 Hen. III, m. 19 (Feb. 7).

[141]Liberate, 29 Hen. III, m. 5.

[142]Claus. 56 Hen. III, m. 7.

[143]Liberate, 30 Hen. III, m. 16: ‘Mandatum est Vicecomiti Oxonie quod de amerciamentis Itineris Roberti Passelewe et sociorum suorum Justiciariorum qui ultimo Itinerauerunt ad placita foreste in Comitatu suo faciat habere fratribus minoribus Oxonie iij Marcas et fratribus predicatoribus eiusdem ville iij ad fabricam ecclesie sue de dono Regis.’

[144]Pat. 32 Hen. III, m. 10.

[145]Early Hist. of Oxford, p. 298: his map of Oxford gives a street outside the wall.

[146]I am indebted to Mr. Parker for this information and suggestion.

[147]Cromwell Corresp., 2nd series, Vol. XXIII, fol. 709 b (Record Office).

[148]Cf. Walcott’s ‘Church and Conventual Arrangement,’ on Friars’ Churches, &c.

[149]Annals, 662.

[150]Stevens, ‘Hist. of Abbeys,’ &c., I, 137: ‘This account appears to me very confuse and unintelligible.’

[151]Itinerarium, p. 296.

[152]Ibid. p. 83, ‘Memorandum quod 24 steppys sive gressus mei faciunt 12 virgas ... Item 50 virgae faciunt 85 gradus sive steppys mei:’ and p. 281, ‘quaelibet virga tres pedes,’ &c.

[153]Walcott, as above.

[154]P.C.C. Regist. Hogen, qu. 26 (in Somerset House).

[155]Mon. Franc. I, 508, &c.

[156]Wood-Clark, II, 407. Adam Marsh was personally known to the Earl of Cornwall; in a letter to the Queen of England he mentions having been with him; Mon. Franc. I, 291: cf. ibid. 105-6, 400. A letter from Adam to Senchia, Richard’s wife, is extant, ibid. p. 292. The following character of Richard is curious as being drawn probably by a Franciscan: ‘Hic erga omnes mulieres cujuscunque professionis luxuriosissimus, thesaurorum collector cupidissimus et avidissimus, pauperum oppressor insolentissimus.’ MS. Cott. Cleop. B xiii, f. 148: cf. Hardy, Descript. Catal. &c.

[157]He died 1270, according to Walsyngham, Ypodigma Neustriae, p. 165 (R.S.); 1272 according to Trivet, Ann. 279. The latter is probably correct: see Foedera, I, 489.

[158]J. Rouse, p. 199 (ed. Hearne). Rouse studied at Oxford, and died 1491.

[159]Chron. of Osney, 17 Oct. 1277: R.S. ed. p. 274.

[160]Wood, MS. F 29 a, fol. 179 b.

[161]Ibid.

[162]Regist. Arundel, I, fol. 155. Sir H. Nicolas reads Exon. instead of Oxon: p. 135.

[163]Ibid. fol. 155 b. The Golafre property at Fyfield now belongs to St. John’s College; the President informs me that the College has no documents relating to the Golafre family.

[164]Early Lincoln Wills (A. Gibbons, 1888), p. 186.

[165]B. Twyne, MS. XXIII, 478. He altered this part of his will in a codicil, and was buried in St. Ebbe’s.

[166]Mun. Acad.: Anstey, p. 543.

[167]‘Coram ymagine beate Marie Virginis de pyte.’ Oxford City Records, Old White Book, f. 90 a.

[168]P.C.C. Porch, fol. 9.

[169]Barth. of Pisa, fol. 80.

[170]Eccleston, 54.

[171]J. Rouse, Hist. p. 29: ‘et modo in ordinis sui fratres Minores Oxon sepultum.’

[172]Oxford Univ. Reg. A a a, fol. 213.

[173]First mention is in 1370: Anstey’s Mun. Acad. 232-3.

[174]At Reading, the chapter-house and dormitory seem to have formed one building. Liberate Rolls, 23 Hen. III, m. 6, and 24 Hen. III, m. 1.

[175]Agas map of 1578, engraved by Neale 1728; Hollar’s map, 1643.

[176]The warden at Reading occupied one of ‘thre prety lodginges’ at the Grey Friars; Cromwell Corresp., Vol. XXIII, f. 742.

[177]Cf. Inventory of the Grey Friars, Ipswich; Chapter House Bks. A3⁄11; ‘owthe of the Vicewarden’s Chamber.’

[178]P. 130.

[179]‘Two short treatises against the Begging Friars’ (Oxf. 1608), p. 30; cf. Roy’s Satire on Card. Wolsey, Harl. Misc., Vol. IX, p. 42, &c.

[180]See Pecock’s Repressor, p. 543, on the objection that ‘religiose monasteries (nameliche of the begging religiouns) han withinne her gatis and cloocis grete large wijde hiȝe and stateli mansiouns for lordis and ladies ther yn to reste, abide, and dwelle;’ and p. 548-50. Edward III stayed at the Grey Friars, York, in 1335 (Rymer, Foed., Vol. II, pt. ii, p. 909). In the Record Office (Excheq. Q. R. Wardrobe21⁄12) is a document containing details as to feasts in the Dominican Convent at Oxford in connexion with the burial of Piers Gaveston; the feasts were continued for four weeks. The Earl of Hereford, who spent Christmas at Grey Friars, Exeter, in 1288, found his lodgings detestable and the stench insupportable: Oliver, Monast. Exon. p. 331.

[181]‘Ex magnatibus unus rem magnam ausus est et perfecit, ut suis sumptibus a multis milliaribus Anglicanis ductis sub Isidis et Chervelli fluminum divortiis plumbeis canalibus, corrivaretur ad omnes Monasterii officinas aqua salubris in magna abundantia.’ Ann. Minorum, I, 364, A. D. 1221. Wadding gives no authority for the statement.

[182]Placita Coronae, 31 Hen. III, Oxon. M5⁄1} 3, f. 40: ‘Jurati presentant quod fratres predicatores et fratres minores ceperunt in pluribus locis super aquam Thamesis et ibi fecerunt fossata et muros et alia.’

[183]B. Twyne, MS. XXIII, 151 (11 Hen. VII).

[184]Oxford City Records, 191.

[185]Wood, MS. F 29 a, fol. 179 a.

[186]Eccleston, p. 35.

[187]Wadding, I, 346; cf. Mon. Franc. I, xxx-xxxii.

[188]Cf. Bacon’s works,De retardatione senectutis,Antidotarius, &c.; and Opera Inedita, 374—‘regimen sanitatis.’ Grostete’s ‘interest in physical science seems to date from his connexion with the friars.’ M. Lyte, p. 30.

[189]Mon. Franc. I, 24.

[190]MS. F 29 a, f. 176.

[191]Liber Conf. fol. 79 b.

[192]Mon. Franc. I, 37.

[193]Grostete, Epistolae, p. 17 sqq., letter to Agnellus and the convent at Oxford, written between 1225 and 1231.

[194]Lyte, ‘Hist. of Univ. of Oxford,’ p. 29.

[195]Mon. Franc. I, 37: ‘Ipso igitur ab cathedra magisteriali in cathedram pontificalem ... translato.’

[196]P. 45: ‘Vir iste primus cathedram scholarum fratrum minorum rexit Oxoniae, unde et assumptus fuit ad cathedram praelatiae.’

[197]Mon. Franc. ibid.

[198]Ibid. p. 38. The dates are from Le Neve.

[199]Ibid.

[200]Grostete, Ep. p. 149. In Letter xvii ‘Magister Thomas Walensis’ is mentioned as being in England; the date of the letter must be between 1235 and 1239 (when W. de Raleger became Bishop of Norwich); probably 1238, after Thomas had returned from Paris, before he became Archdeacon.

[201]Ibid. p. 151.

[202]Opera Ined. p. 325.

[203]Grostete, Ep. ut supra. Both received high offices in Lincoln diocese, Roger as dean resisted the bishop’s claims. Paris, Chron. Majora, III, 528; IV, 391.

[204]Chron. Majora, IV, 424, ‘vir moribus et scientia eleganter insignitus;’ V, 644, ‘vir omni laude dignissimus.’ We may perhaps see a result of his contact with the Franciscans in his exhortation to the clergy of his diocese ‘to preach often in the vulgar tongue, simply and without discussion, to the people, using practical not subtle arguments.’ B. Twyne, MS. XXI, 280 (Episc. Coventr. ‘in suis institutis MS.’).

[205]Opera Inedita, pp. 88, 428.

[206]Chron. Majora, IV, 245.

[207]Ibid. 647.

[208]Lanerc. Chron. p. 130; cf. ibid. pp. 45, 58.

[209]Mon. Franc. I, 348. The statute was to be subscribed by ‘the Chancellor and all the regent masters in Holy Scripture ... and Friar Adam called de Marisco.’

[210]Mon. Franc. I, 335.

[211]For Grostete, see Lanerc. Chron. p. 45: ‘The friars then going to Robert as to a pedagogue relate what has happened and beg him to say what he thought,’ &c. The extraordinary activity of Adam Marsh in this and in many other spheres has been too often and too well described to detain us here: see Brewer’s pref. to Mon. Franc. I, Pauli, ‘Pictures of Old England,’ pp. 67, 68 (extract quoted by Lyte, p. 51), and his ‘Grosteste and Adam Marsh.’ Cf. Bacon, Op. Ined. p. 186. Adam’s description of the ideal pastor might be applied to himself. Mon. Franc. I, 445.

[212]For Adam’s influence with Hen. III, see Lanerc. Chron. p. 24; Mon. Franc. I, 142 and 268 (on behalf of Earl Simon). He incurred the royal displeasure ‘propter verba vitae;’ ibid. 275. Cf. ibid. 335: one of the grounds on which he declines to assist the Archbishop in his visitation is ‘districtum domini regis mandatum, quo interdictum fuit domino archiepiscopo ne me, velut proditorium inimicum, ad comitivam suam evocaret.’ Cf. p. 387, he is summoned to Reading and London ‘on matters of the highest importance, touching the sceptre and the kingdom.’

[213]Ibid. p. 110. Compare Nicholas de Lyra’s commentary on Psalm xliv. quoted by J. Rouse, ‘Hist. Regum Anglie,’ ed. Hearne, p. 38.

[214]Mon. Franc. I, 267.

[215]Stubbs, Const. Hist. II, p. 313, n. 1: ‘The sentiments not of the people but of the Universities, and incidentally of the Franciscans also, are exemplified in the long Latin poem printed in Wright’s Political Songs, pp. 72-121.... It was clearly a manifesto, amongst themselves, of the men whose preaching guided the people.’

[216]See note 6, p. 32. The poem expresses the constitutional view of monarchy with extraordinary clearness. Parts of it are translated by Mr. York Powell, ‘Hist. of England,’ pp. 148-9, and 152.

[217]Polit. Songs (Camden Soc.), p. 124.

[218]‘Miracula Symonis de Montfort’ (printed at the end of Rishanger’s Chronicle, Camden Soc. 1840), pp. 87, 95, 96. Cf. Dictum de Kenilworth, cap. 8 (Stubbs’ Select Charters, pp. 420-421).

[219]Cf. Bacon, Op. Ined. 329. It was apparently in this relationship that ‘Juvenis Johannes’ stood to Roger Bacon.

[220]Mon. Franc. I, 314-316.

[221]Adam’s position was exceptional, and hissociusno doubt exceptionally hard-worked.

[222]Mon. Franc. I, 354.

[223]See the list of 67lectoresin Part II. The list is taken from the Cottonian MS. of Eccleston. In the same MS. (Cott. Nero A IX, fol. 78) is a similar list of readers at Cambridge under the heading, ‘Fratrum Minorum Magistri Cantabrigie.’

[224]Mon. Franc. I, 335; cf. Harl. MS. 431, fol. 100 b, election of J. David to be lector at Hereford: Wadding, X, p. 156 (A. D.1430); XIII, 73. At first the lecturers seem to have been appointed by the Provincial Minister (Mon. Franc. I, 37, 354), or, when a friar was sent from one province to another, by the General (Ibid. 39, R. de Colebruge). In the 14th and 15th centuries, the reader had to be confirmed by the General, and might be appointed by him: MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, f. 77 b; and Wadding, X, 156. Anal. Franc. II, 240 (A. D.1411).

[225]Mon. Franc. I, 357.

[226]Woodford in his reply to Armachamus (cap. 8) says: ‘Pope Benedict ordained statutes for the order of friars Minors, of great and mature counsel, which are called among the Minoritiesstatuta papalia; in these it is decreed concerning which parts of the Order ought to lecture on the Sentences at Paris, which parts at Oxford and Cambridge, how they ought to be elected in general and provincial chapters, and how consequently they ought to ascend to the doctor’s degree by papal ordinance or election of the Order.’ The constitutions of Benedict XII,de studiis(A. D.1336), were printed inChronologia historico-legalis seraphici Ordinis Fratrum Minorum, Neapoli 1650, tom. I, p. 46 (referred to in Anal. Franc. II, 165); I have not seen this book. They are omitted by Baronius et Raynaldus, Annales Eccles. Vol. XXV, p. 92 seq. They are contained in Bodl. MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, ff. 73 seq., but no mention of Oxford occurs here. The following regulations are given for Cambridge (fol. 77 b): ‘Simili quoque modo, aliorum (qui) ordinabuntur ad legendum sentencias in studio Cantabrigie, duo assumantur duobus annis de provincia Anglie per ipsius provincie provinciale Capitulum eligendi, et tercius anno tercio de aliis partibus ordinis per generale capitulum tam de cismontanis quam de ultramontanis eligendus.’

[227]MS. Canonic. Misc. 75, fol. 78: ‘Nullus quoque frater dicti ordinis ad legendum in prenominatis studiis (i.e. recognised Universities) sententias assumatur, nisi prius legerit 4orlibros sententiarum cum scriptis approbatorum doctorum in aliis studiis qui (sic) in eodem ordine dicuntur generalia vel conventibus infrascriptis, vidz ... Londoniensi, Eboricensi, ... Novi castri, Stramforicensi (?) ... Exoniensi,’ &c. Nineteen convents in all are mentioned; only those which are, or may be, in England are here quoted. I have found no evidence to show whether this rule was or was not carried out.

[228]Anal. Franc. II, 241.

[229]Lyte, p. 107.

[230]Mon. Franc. I, 232.

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