GLOSSARY.
Aisle.—The wing of a church, at the side of the nave or choir.Arabesque.—Ornamentation enriching flat surfaces.Ashlar.—Hewn or squared stone, as distinguished from that which is rough or unhewn.Ball-Flower.—A mediæval ornament resembling a ball placed within a globular flower.Base.—- The lower part of a pillar or column.Battlement.—An indented parapet, often pierced for the discharge of arrows.Bolection Moulding.—A moulding (in joinery) which projects beyond the surface of the framework round a panel.Boss.—A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of a ceiling or of vaulting.Buttress.—A projection from a wall to create additional strength or support.Cap., abbrev. forCapital.—The upper part or head of a pillar or column.Chimney-Piece.—The architectural decoration surrounding a fireplace.Coping.—The covering course of a wall or parapet to protect it from the weather.Corbel.—A projecting stone to carry a weight.Cornice.—The horizontal moulded projection encircling a building, or the upper part of the walls of a room below the ceiling.Counter-hauriant.—A heraldic term. Counter = reversed: hauriant = swimming vertically. Two fishes swimming vertically, facing each other, are counter-hauriant.Crenellate.—To fortify with battlements.Crocket.—Projecting leaves or flowers placed on pinnacles, gables, or the mouldings of doors and windows, &c.Cross-brace.—An oblique wooden tie or support.Cusp.—A projecting point in the arches of tracery.Dado.—The architectural treatment of the lower part of the walls of a room.Daïs.—The raised part of the floor at the upper end of a hall.Dog-gate.—A gate placed across a staircase to prevent dogs from going into the upper rooms of a house.Dormer.—A window in a roof.Entablature.—A series of horizontal mouldings at the summit of a wall, or surmounting a row of columns. An entablature consists of three members. The lowest is a series of mouldings of slight projection, called the architrave. Above this is a vertical face, called the frieze; above this a series of widely projecting mouldings, called the cornice.Finial.—The ornamental finish at the apex of a gable.Fireplace.—A recess in a wall for the reception of a fire, furnished with a flue or vent for the escape of smoke.Frieze.—The middle member of an entablature,q.v.Gable.—The pointed wall at the end of a roof.Garde-robe.—A latrine or privy.Gatehouse.—A building surrounding the gate to the courtyard of a house.Hipped Roof.—A roof of which all the sides are sloped, one of which does not abut against a gable.Jamb.—The side of a doorway, window, or other aperture.Label.—The outer projecting moulding, or drip-stone, over a door, window, or arch.Lantern.—A turret raised above a roof for the admission of light.Louvre.—A turret raised above a roof for the escape of smoke.Machicolation.—The corbelling out of the parapet of a building, forming openings through which missiles could be discharged on the heads of an attacking force.Maunch.—The heraldic term for a sleeve.Minstrels’ Gallery.—The gallery formed above the screen of a hall, sometimes occupied by minstrels.Mitre(in Joinery).—The line formed by a sharp change (at right angles or otherwise) in the direction of a moulding.Moulding.—The term applied to the contour, wrought into long hollows and projections, of the angles or edges of an architectural feature, such as a door, window, arch, panel, &c.Mullion.—The vertical shaft or division between the lights of a window.Nave.—The central portion of a church westward of the choir or chancel.Newel.—In a circular stone staircase, the central column round which the steps wind. In a wooden staircase, the stout posts which carry the handrail and the string supporting the stairs.Ogee.—A compound curve, partly concave and partly convex.Oillet.—A loophole for the discharge of arrows.Oriel.—A bay window on an upper floor, corbelled out from the wall below.Panelling.—A series of panels formed of boards whose edges are held in the groove of a thicker surrounding frame.Parapet.—The upper part of a wall carried above the springing of the roof. Where the roof was flat it formed a protection to those who used the roof for defence or other purposes.Pedestal.—A substructure carrying a column or pilaster.Pediment.—The triangular or segmental space formed by the carrying up of a cornice over a door or window or in a gable, &c.PeelorPele.—A fortified tower or stronghold forming a dwelling; a term principally applied to the fortified houses of the North.Pier.—A pillar or column; also sometimes a flat buttress.Pilaster.—A square pillar or column attached to a wall, usually of slight projection.Pitch(of a Roof).—The slope.Portcullis.—A strong grating of timber which slid up and down in a groove, to protect the entrance of a castle or fortified house.Principal(Rafter).—A massive framing of wood which spans a building from wall to wall and carries the purlins.Purlin.—A stout piece of timber resting on the principals and carrying the common rafters.Quatrefoil(in Tracery).—A form composed of four segments of circles.Quoins.—The external angles of a building; also the stones which form the angles.Respond.—A half-column attached to a wall.Ribs(Stone).—Narrow projecting stones which form the framework of vaulting.Sash-Window.—A window in two halves, one over the other, which slide up and down.Scantling.—The dimensions of a piece of timber in breadth and thickness.Screens.—The entrance passage formed at the end of a hall by the screen.Shaft.—A small column.Solar.—The retiring or private room of the lord in early houses.Span.—The width between the supports of an arch or roof.Spandrel.—The space between an arch and the horizontal feature above it.Squinch.—An arch carried across the internal angle of a tower or building.Storey.—A horizontal division of a building containing rooms at one level.String(of a Staircase).—The inclined piece of wood which carries the steps.String-Course.—A narrow projecting horizontal line of stone or brickwork.Tracery.—The ornamental stonework of a Gothic window formed by ramifications of the mullions; also decorations of a corresponding character applied to panels, &c.Transome.—The horizontal cross-bar of a casement window (as distinguished from a sash window).Triforium.—An upper storey over the aisle of a church, with arches opening into the nave or choir.Tympanum.—The space enclosed between the flat head of a door or window and the surmounting arch.Undercroft.—A vaulted chamber underground.Vaulting.—An arched roof or ceiling of stone or brick.Winders(of a Staircase).—The steps sometimes formed where a staircase changes direction; they are wide against the wall and are narrowed almost to a point against the newel or string.
Aisle.—The wing of a church, at the side of the nave or choir.
Arabesque.—Ornamentation enriching flat surfaces.
Ashlar.—Hewn or squared stone, as distinguished from that which is rough or unhewn.
Ball-Flower.—A mediæval ornament resembling a ball placed within a globular flower.
Base.—- The lower part of a pillar or column.
Battlement.—An indented parapet, often pierced for the discharge of arrows.
Bolection Moulding.—A moulding (in joinery) which projects beyond the surface of the framework round a panel.
Boss.—A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of a ceiling or of vaulting.
Buttress.—A projection from a wall to create additional strength or support.
Cap., abbrev. forCapital.—The upper part or head of a pillar or column.
Chimney-Piece.—The architectural decoration surrounding a fireplace.
Coping.—The covering course of a wall or parapet to protect it from the weather.
Corbel.—A projecting stone to carry a weight.
Cornice.—The horizontal moulded projection encircling a building, or the upper part of the walls of a room below the ceiling.
Counter-hauriant.—A heraldic term. Counter = reversed: hauriant = swimming vertically. Two fishes swimming vertically, facing each other, are counter-hauriant.
Crenellate.—To fortify with battlements.
Crocket.—Projecting leaves or flowers placed on pinnacles, gables, or the mouldings of doors and windows, &c.
Cross-brace.—An oblique wooden tie or support.
Cusp.—A projecting point in the arches of tracery.
Dado.—The architectural treatment of the lower part of the walls of a room.
Daïs.—The raised part of the floor at the upper end of a hall.
Dog-gate.—A gate placed across a staircase to prevent dogs from going into the upper rooms of a house.
Dormer.—A window in a roof.
Entablature.—A series of horizontal mouldings at the summit of a wall, or surmounting a row of columns. An entablature consists of three members. The lowest is a series of mouldings of slight projection, called the architrave. Above this is a vertical face, called the frieze; above this a series of widely projecting mouldings, called the cornice.
Finial.—The ornamental finish at the apex of a gable.
Fireplace.—A recess in a wall for the reception of a fire, furnished with a flue or vent for the escape of smoke.
Frieze.—The middle member of an entablature,q.v.
Gable.—The pointed wall at the end of a roof.
Garde-robe.—A latrine or privy.
Gatehouse.—A building surrounding the gate to the courtyard of a house.
Hipped Roof.—A roof of which all the sides are sloped, one of which does not abut against a gable.
Jamb.—The side of a doorway, window, or other aperture.
Label.—The outer projecting moulding, or drip-stone, over a door, window, or arch.
Lantern.—A turret raised above a roof for the admission of light.
Louvre.—A turret raised above a roof for the escape of smoke.
Machicolation.—The corbelling out of the parapet of a building, forming openings through which missiles could be discharged on the heads of an attacking force.
Maunch.—The heraldic term for a sleeve.
Minstrels’ Gallery.—The gallery formed above the screen of a hall, sometimes occupied by minstrels.
Mitre(in Joinery).—The line formed by a sharp change (at right angles or otherwise) in the direction of a moulding.
Moulding.—The term applied to the contour, wrought into long hollows and projections, of the angles or edges of an architectural feature, such as a door, window, arch, panel, &c.
Mullion.—The vertical shaft or division between the lights of a window.
Nave.—The central portion of a church westward of the choir or chancel.
Newel.—In a circular stone staircase, the central column round which the steps wind. In a wooden staircase, the stout posts which carry the handrail and the string supporting the stairs.
Ogee.—A compound curve, partly concave and partly convex.
Oillet.—A loophole for the discharge of arrows.
Oriel.—A bay window on an upper floor, corbelled out from the wall below.
Panelling.—A series of panels formed of boards whose edges are held in the groove of a thicker surrounding frame.
Parapet.—The upper part of a wall carried above the springing of the roof. Where the roof was flat it formed a protection to those who used the roof for defence or other purposes.
Pedestal.—A substructure carrying a column or pilaster.
Pediment.—The triangular or segmental space formed by the carrying up of a cornice over a door or window or in a gable, &c.
PeelorPele.—A fortified tower or stronghold forming a dwelling; a term principally applied to the fortified houses of the North.
Pier.—A pillar or column; also sometimes a flat buttress.
Pilaster.—A square pillar or column attached to a wall, usually of slight projection.
Pitch(of a Roof).—The slope.
Portcullis.—A strong grating of timber which slid up and down in a groove, to protect the entrance of a castle or fortified house.
Principal(Rafter).—A massive framing of wood which spans a building from wall to wall and carries the purlins.
Purlin.—A stout piece of timber resting on the principals and carrying the common rafters.
Quatrefoil(in Tracery).—A form composed of four segments of circles.
Quoins.—The external angles of a building; also the stones which form the angles.
Respond.—A half-column attached to a wall.
Ribs(Stone).—Narrow projecting stones which form the framework of vaulting.
Sash-Window.—A window in two halves, one over the other, which slide up and down.
Scantling.—The dimensions of a piece of timber in breadth and thickness.
Screens.—The entrance passage formed at the end of a hall by the screen.
Shaft.—A small column.
Solar.—The retiring or private room of the lord in early houses.
Span.—The width between the supports of an arch or roof.
Spandrel.—The space between an arch and the horizontal feature above it.
Squinch.—An arch carried across the internal angle of a tower or building.
Storey.—A horizontal division of a building containing rooms at one level.
String(of a Staircase).—The inclined piece of wood which carries the steps.
String-Course.—A narrow projecting horizontal line of stone or brickwork.
Tracery.—The ornamental stonework of a Gothic window formed by ramifications of the mullions; also decorations of a corresponding character applied to panels, &c.
Transome.—The horizontal cross-bar of a casement window (as distinguished from a sash window).
Triforium.—An upper storey over the aisle of a church, with arches opening into the nave or choir.
Tympanum.—The space enclosed between the flat head of a door or window and the surmounting arch.
Undercroft.—A vaulted chamber underground.
Vaulting.—An arched roof or ceiling of stone or brick.
Winders(of a Staircase).—The steps sometimes formed where a staircase changes direction; they are wide against the wall and are narrowed almost to a point against the newel or string.
A Brief List of Books recommended for the Study of The History of English Domestic Architecture.
ADDY (S. O.)—The Evolution of the English House.Small 8vo. 1905.TURNER (T. H.)ANDPARKER (J. H.)—Some Account of Domestic Architecture in England during the Middle Ages. 3 vols. in 4. 8vo. 1859–1877.GARNER (T.)ANDSTRATTON (A.)—The Domestic Architecture of England during the Tudor Period.3 parts. Folio. 1908–1909.GOTCH (J. A.)—Architecture of the Renaissance in England.2 vols. Folio. 1891–1894.GOTCH (J. A.)—Early Renaissance Architecture in England.8vo. 1901.NASH (J.)—Mansions of England in the Olden Time.4 vols. Folio. 1839–1849; or Small Edition. 4 vols. 4to. 1869.BELCHER (J.)ANDMACARTNEY (M. E.)—Later Renaissance Architecture in England.2 vols. Folio. 1901.BLOMFIELD (R. T.)—A History of Renaissance Architecture in England.2 vols. Imp. 8vo. 1897; and Abridged Edition. Small 8vo. 1900.
ADDY (S. O.)—The Evolution of the English House.Small 8vo. 1905.
TURNER (T. H.)ANDPARKER (J. H.)—Some Account of Domestic Architecture in England during the Middle Ages. 3 vols. in 4. 8vo. 1859–1877.
GARNER (T.)ANDSTRATTON (A.)—The Domestic Architecture of England during the Tudor Period.3 parts. Folio. 1908–1909.
GOTCH (J. A.)—Architecture of the Renaissance in England.2 vols. Folio. 1891–1894.
GOTCH (J. A.)—Early Renaissance Architecture in England.8vo. 1901.
NASH (J.)—Mansions of England in the Olden Time.4 vols. Folio. 1839–1849; or Small Edition. 4 vols. 4to. 1869.
BELCHER (J.)ANDMACARTNEY (M. E.)—Later Renaissance Architecture in England.2 vols. Folio. 1901.
BLOMFIELD (R. T.)—A History of Renaissance Architecture in England.2 vols. Imp. 8vo. 1897; and Abridged Edition. Small 8vo. 1900.