(Except electrical principles involved.)
Q. What apparatus is used in making a Turk's head?
A. A navy knife and tool-box "D" is required. Besides the tools the box should be equipped with a supply of Turk's head collars and marline.
Q. What is used in making a telegraph-joint?
A. A pair of pliers, navy knife, and, where insulation is desired, okonite tape.
Q. What is used in making a joint to be used under water?
A. A navy knife, tool-box "D," junction-boxes in which to clamp the Turk's heads, and the material for making okonite joints or the cores. These materials are, okonite tape, cement, Manson tape and tin-foil. A torch is needed for vulcanizing the joint. Brass jointers are sometimes used in making the joints.
Q. Point out all the parts of an assembled mine.
A. See Fig. 98.
AN ASSEMBLED MINEFig. 98.
AN ASSEMBLED MINEFig. 98.
AN ASSEMBLED MINE
Fig. 98.
Q. Point out the following parts of a compound plug: circuit-closers; transformer; loading-wire; fuse-wires; fuses; fuse-can; bursting-charge; set-screw for fuse-can; lead or graphite gasket for same; rubber packing; brass washers; fuse-can cap; lower tube set-screw; gland; lower tube; plug proper; loading-wire.
Q. Name some of the duties in the loading-room.
A. Loading mines with explosives; assembling them complete to the single-core cable; preparing compound plugs, cables, and raising-ropes; in other words, preparing a mine for planting in the harbor, except attaching the anchor and mooring-rope.
Q. Make a telegraph-joint.
A. See Figs. 99 and 100.
Q. Make a Turk's head.
A. See Fig. 101. Trim the ends square: 15 inches from it place a wrapping of a few turns of marline overlapping each other and secured by a square knot. Slip on the collar, flat side against the stop of the marline; bend the iron wires back over the collar and cut off 4 inches from one and 6 inches from the next, alternately. Bend the wires with the pliers as so to closely fit and crimp the collar. Beginning at the Turk's head, wrap closely with marline so as to bind the wires to the cable. The jute covering and serving maybe bent back over the wires, or it may be cut off: in cutting turn the edge of the knife away from the cable.
Q. Make a taped joint, place it in salt water for 30 minutes and test.
A.
1oBare the two ends of wire about ¾ inch.2oJoin by brass jointer, then crimp.3oCover with rubber cement.4oWrap with tape, about five or six layers.5oWrap with tin-foil.6oWrap with Manson tape.7oVulcanize for about 30 seconds and unwrap tin-foil and Manson tape and rewrap with new Manson tape.
1oBare the two ends of wire about ¾ inch.
2oJoin by brass jointer, then crimp.
3oCover with rubber cement.
4oWrap with tape, about five or six layers.
5oWrap with tin-foil.
6oWrap with Manson tape.
7oVulcanize for about 30 seconds and unwrap tin-foil and Manson tape and rewrap with new Manson tape.
Q. How is a taped joint vulcanized when in the "distribution-box boat"?
TELEGRAPH-JOINT MADE WITHOUT BRASS JOINER.Fig. 99.
TELEGRAPH-JOINT MADE WITHOUT BRASS JOINER.Fig. 99.
TELEGRAPH-JOINT MADE WITHOUT BRASS JOINER.
Fig. 99.
TELEGRAPH JOINT WITH BRASS JOINER.Fig. 100.
TELEGRAPH JOINT WITH BRASS JOINER.Fig. 100.
TELEGRAPH JOINT WITH BRASS JOINER.
Fig. 100.
TURK'S HEAD.Fig. 101.
TURK'S HEAD.Fig. 101.
TURK'S HEAD.
Fig. 101.
A. By tying a piece of waste soaked in kerosene to a wire lighting, and using this as a torch for heating the joint.
Q. Explain the method of preparing a compound plug.
Fig. 102.
Fig. 102.
Fig. 102.
A. This will have to be learned by practice and constant instruction at the loading-room.
Note.—The transformer, fuse, can, etc., on the compound plug are still in a state of experimentation and no method for the assembling of the latest design has been adopted as yet.
Q. How do you test the transformer?
A. With a circuit detector or galvanometer and a dry cell, as shown in figure.
Note.—In case of a break in the coil, Fig. 102, there would be no current flowing in galvanometer and no deflection of the needle would be indicated.
The wires that should showclosedcircuit are the two red wires and the black wire and transformer case. Those that should beopenare the black, and either red wire. (See Fig. 102.)
Q. How are fuses tested?
A. With a dry cell and a circuit detector. A closed-circuit test is all that is necessary. This should always be done under the supervision of an experienced electrician.
Q. What apparatus is used in preparing a compound plug complete?
A. Bench vise, S-wrench, large monkey wrench, screw driver, small pliers, navy knife, loading wire, cotton-braided wire, priming charge, fuses, rubber packings, brass washers, followers, lead washers, set screws, red lead or ruberine, circuit detector, brass jointers, rubber tape.
Q. What is the method of numbering mines?
A. Facing in the direction of the expected approach of the enemy's ships, mines are numbered from left to right, beginning with No. 1.
Q. How are groups numbered?
A. In the same manner. No. 1 group on the left, No. 2 next toward the right, etc.
Q. How are the mooring-ropes prepared, and what are the rules for length of mine cables and of mooring-ropes?
A. The mooring-cables are cut off with square ends and the ends passed through the holes in the mooring-sockets. The strand and wires are untwisted and spread out for a length equal to the length of the socket-hole. The rope is then pulled back until the loose ends are about flush with the top edge of the hole; a piece of marline is tied about the rope below the socket. If necessaryto hold the socket a piece of burlap may be wrapped around below the socket and a fold allowed to fall over the hand. Generally means can be found to set the socket upright while pouring full of alloy. Great care must be taken to see that there is no water or surplus oil on the socket or mooring-rope before pouring the alloy. (Nine parts lead, 1 part antimony.)
Mines are planted with a submergence of 5 feet below mean low water.
Where ordinary anchors are used the mooring-ropes must be prepared for depths obtained by sounding. If sockets are used, the ropes for No. 32 cases are but 10 feet less than the ascertained depths at mean low water. This allows 5 feet for submergence and 5 feet for mine, mine bail, sockets, shackles, and anchor. For the larger mine cases an additional allowance must be made for the length of the cylindrical part of the case. Finally each mooring-rope is tagged at each end with the number of the corresponding mine.
Mine cables are cut to the following lengths, plus twice the approximate depth of the water:
Feet.No.11425No.21225No.31025No.4825No.5725No.6625No.7525No.8475No.9425No.10375No.11425No.12475No.13525No.14625No.15725No.16825No.171025No.181225No.191425
Each end of each cable is tagged with the number of the corresponding mine.
Q. What apparatus is taken out on the distribution-box boat?
A. One distribution-box, 1 buoy for same, 1 mooring-rope for attaching buoy to distribution-box, 1 anchor sufficiently heavy to hold distribution-box boat, 1 anchor buoy (keg), and rope for same, 2 anchor shackles (1 for anchor and 1 for box), 1 pair field glasses, alcohol, 2 alcohol lamps, cable tags, Turk's head, collars, cotton waste, 2 files, 2 hammers, 2 heavy lines, knives, marline, 2 marline spikes, 1 megaphone, 2 monkey wrenches, 2 pliers, protective tape, rubber cement, rubber tape, 2 scissors, tin-foil, telephone, brass connectors, lashings.
The planter may locate the distribution-box boat anchor, and in that case it, together with its buoy, would not be taken out in the distribution-box boat.
Q. How and in what way are the cores of cable numbered?
A. They are numbered by the non-commissioned officer in charge of the boat, who establishes communication with the casemate, using the boat telephone, and working under the instructions of the casemate electrician.
Nos. 1, 13, and 19 are easily selected by means of their special marking; No. 19 is the center core; No. 13 is the marked core in the inner row of six; and No. 1 is the marked core in the outer row of twelve.
In the seven-cored cable there are no marked cores, the cores being numbered under the instructions of the casemate electrician.
Q. How is multiple cable laid?
A. It is transported to the planter by tramway, hoisted by steam-derrick to theforward jacks; it is then joined to the "shore ends" of the cable; the planter then steams to the distribution-box buoy and passes the end of the cable to the distribution launch, where a Turk's head is made and all is ready to receive the single-core cables for planting.
Q. How are single-core cables prepared?
A.
1oIf the single-core cable has not been cut and coiled in loading-room, place reel on jacks, cut 20 feet off the end, unreel to lengths given previously, cut and tag with mine number.2oCarry cable No. 19 on port side to after deck, keeping tagged end forward and coil in figure eight, keeping tagged end on bottom.3oMake Turk's head on each end, first slipping tagged end through a mine cap.4oContinue the operation above in the following order:Nos. 1 to 9 starboard side.Nos. 10 to 19 port side.
1oIf the single-core cable has not been cut and coiled in loading-room, place reel on jacks, cut 20 feet off the end, unreel to lengths given previously, cut and tag with mine number.
2oCarry cable No. 19 on port side to after deck, keeping tagged end forward and coil in figure eight, keeping tagged end on bottom.
3oMake Turk's head on each end, first slipping tagged end through a mine cap.
4oContinue the operation above in the following order:
Nos. 1 to 9 starboard side.
Nos. 10 to 19 port side.
Q. Describe how to place mines aboard and to attach to cables preparatory to being planted.
A.
1oPlace mine buoys, anchors, mooring-ropes, raising-ropes, shackles, sister hooks, etc., aboard forward and in convenient places.2oPlace loaded mines aboard last, nine on starboard and ten on port.3oCut to proper length the loading wire, make a tapped joint with S. C. conductor with Turk's head, previously prepared through mine cap.4oFasten mine cap on mine, lash cables to bales, shackle mooring-rope to mine, and anchor, lash mooring-rope to mine cable every 5 feet (not done if automatic anchor is used).5oCut raising-ropes 50 feet plus depth of water and attach one end to anchor by anchor knot, the other end to mine cable by two half hitches and a serving of marline, secure at a few other points.6oAttach about 60 feet small rope to mine buoys and mark this rope every 5 feet, slip free end throughmaneuvering ring, and tie to buoy. (The mines, anchors, cables, raising-ropes, and mine buoys are now ready to be planted.)
1oPlace mine buoys, anchors, mooring-ropes, raising-ropes, shackles, sister hooks, etc., aboard forward and in convenient places.
2oPlace loaded mines aboard last, nine on starboard and ten on port.
3oCut to proper length the loading wire, make a tapped joint with S. C. conductor with Turk's head, previously prepared through mine cap.
4oFasten mine cap on mine, lash cables to bales, shackle mooring-rope to mine, and anchor, lash mooring-rope to mine cable every 5 feet (not done if automatic anchor is used).
5oCut raising-ropes 50 feet plus depth of water and attach one end to anchor by anchor knot, the other end to mine cable by two half hitches and a serving of marline, secure at a few other points.
6oAttach about 60 feet small rope to mine buoys and mark this rope every 5 feet, slip free end throughmaneuvering ring, and tie to buoy. (The mines, anchors, cables, raising-ropes, and mine buoys are now ready to be planted.)
Q. Explain how to sling the mine and anchor, and prepare it to "let go."
A.1oMouse upper hooks of differential blocks and lash well with marline the tripping hooks.2oSling the anchor to the tripping hook on the differential block of the forward davit, swing clear of rail, and lower close to water.3oPerform similar operation with mine from after davit.
A.1oMouse upper hooks of differential blocks and lash well with marline the tripping hooks.
2oSling the anchor to the tripping hook on the differential block of the forward davit, swing clear of rail, and lower close to water.
3oPerform similar operation with mine from after davit.
Q. Describe the method of planting.
A. The planter now moves to the distribution-box boat, the latter to the port, No. 10 cable is passed to the same, planter now moves to No. 10 buoy, and when mine is abreast, the command "let go" is given.
The tripping hook of the mine is released first, and that of the anchor immediately after. The planter now circles to starboard, passes to the rear, and comes up to the distribution-box boat to the starboard. No. 9 is now passed, and planter moves forward to the position of this mine, plants it, and returns to distribution-box boat to repeat the operation till the group is planted.
Men operating tripping hooks keep their feet free from all cable. Men on after deck must keep entirely free of all cable while being spent when planter is passing from distribution-box boat to mine buoy.
If dynamite is used as explosive all mines should be covered with paulines or burlap to protect them from the direct rays of the sun.
Q. Name the apparatus on the boat used in planting mines.
A. Derricks, catheads, snatch-blocks, steam-winches, insulated cable, cable-drum frames, circuit detector, boat-hooks,sounding-lines graduated to feet, davits, differential blocks, mooring-ropes, raising-ropes, buoyant mines and anchors, shackles and extra split pins for same, lashing-rope, alcohol, 2 alcohol lamps, 1 cable cutter, cable tags, Turk's head, collars, cotton waste, 4 files, 4 hammers, 6 heaving-lines, knives, marline, 2 marline spikes, 1 megaphone, 2 monkey wrenches, 4 pliers, protective tape, rope, rubber cement, rubber tape, 2 scissors, 1 set of stencil numbers, tin-foil, and a measuring line which has marks every 100 feet, with double marks at 300 and 600 feet.
Q. Give a method for marking the positions at which mines are to be planted.
A. The distribution-box is located first, a buoy and anchor being used as the mark. The center point of the group is located next, then the two ends of the group. The launch is directed over the spot selected from the map for the distribution-point by means of base-end instruments at the primary and secondary stations (these two instruments being set at the azimuth of the selected spot), and by signals from these stations the launch drops the anchor and buoy when it is at the intersection of the vertical cross-wires of each instrument. The launch marks the center of the group by moving approximately perpendicular to the line of mines to the desired distance. The line of mines is then determined by taking bearings and objects on shore (previously determined from the map) or by a similar method to that of locating the distribution-box buoy. Small planting-buoys are used for this purpose. The distribution-box buoy is usually a large keg or vinegar-barrel.
Q. How are soundings made?
A. By starting from either end of the "located group" and making a sounding at every 100 feet.
Q. Explain how a small boat used for marking and locating is managed, and give the commands necessary.
A. Upon leaving wharf, "Shove off!" performed by designated man.
To raise oars preliminary to rowing: "Up oars!" all oars being held vertically, opposite rowlocks, blades athwart boat.
To lower oars into the water: "Let fall!"; all oars are dropped easily into the water, without splashing, and quickly adjusted into the rowlocks, and then held in position of "Oars!" (See below.)
To move the boat forward: "Stand by to give way together!—GIVE WAY TOGETHER!" the boat being propelled forward at the latter command, all the men taking a slow uniform stroke, being guided by No. 1, feathering their oars as they come out of the water and move forward.
To cease rowing temporarily: "Oars!"; at this command the oars are raised out of the water to a horizontal position, blades parallel with the surface of the water.
To rest without taking oars from rowlocks: "In oars," when oars are drawn in and placed with handles under gunwales on opposite side of boat from rowlocks.
To move backward a short distance: "Back water!" executed opposite to "Give way together!"
To stop boat: "Hold water!"; the oars are held rigidly in the water, blades vertical.
To stop boat quickly, as if running on a rock: "About face! hold!" when the oarsmen turn about and hold blade in water, stopping momentum of boat.
To turn to port: "Pull starboard, back port!" (To turn to starboard, the opposite).
To make a landing: "In bow!"; the bow oar is raised vertically, then lowered into its place in the boat, and the bow man takes the boat-hook and guides boat gently into its place.
To cease rowing: "Way enough!"; the oars are raised vertically, shoved properly in place.
Q. Name the important knots used in mine-work.
A. Anchor-knot or fisherman's bend, square knot, clove-hitch, bowline, stopper, whipping, and short splice. (See plate of knots for gun-companies.)
See Examination for Second-class Gunners, for Gun-companies.
Q. How are mine-cases preserved and cared for?
A. They are painted light gray on the outside, and the screw-threads covered with a mixture of lard-oil and white lead (4 parts of tallow to 1 white lead). They are also either painted or covered with protective material on the inside. They are then stored on suitable racks inside a "torpedo storehouse."
Q. How are all bearing surfaces, such as screw-threads, prepared for storage?
A. By first thoroughly cleaning them with brushes, kerosene, waste, etc., and then covering with the above mixture of white lead and tallow.
Q. How is the motor-generator cared for?
A. Fill all oil-holes, and keep all parts free from dust and foreign material; see that all connections are tight; see that all brushes are in good condition, and replace worn ones by new ones. Use very finesandpaperfor slight inequalities of the commutator.
Q. How are the mine-panel and the switchboard cared for?
A. See that all bolts to busses are tight, that all lamps are screwed home, that all contacts are clean and free from gum or dirt, that all switches work properly and all contacts correctly made.
Q. How should electric lights be cared for?
A. They should be kept clean and polished. Any snap-switch that sparks badly should be replaced. No verdigris should be allowed to accumulate on any brass fittings. When a lamp becomes dull or black inside, a new one should replace it. When any fuse is blown out, new ones should be put in. (Never use copper wire as a substitute for a fuse.)
Q. How should transformers be cared for?
A. Simply kept clean and in a dry place. They should be tested with a circuit-detector once in a while.
Q. How is the charging-generator cared for?
A. Keep free from dirt or rust, fill all oil-holes, clean the commutator with a dry rag, keep the brushes set so as to make good contact, and when not in use cover with a rubber paulin.
Q. How is the oil-engine cared for?
A. The oil-engine should be kept clean and nicely painted, all oil-holes filled, the water-tank filled and free from mud and sediment, the vaporizer examined from time to time and kept free from packed carbon, the piston clean and well oiled, the poppet-valves tight and free from any clogging material, the starting-torch clean and free from soot.
Q. When putting a piece of machinery out of commission what is done?
A. All bearing surfaces are exposed, cleaned, and covered with white lead and lard-oil or a similar substitute preservative. All small loose parts are removed, covered with cosmic wrapped in burlap, and stored under cover. The machine should also be housed.
Q. Name some of the principal cleaning materials.
A. Steel scrapers, button and wire brushes, waste, pomade,sandpaper, emery and crocus cloth, gasoline, kerosene, and alcohol.
Q. Name some preserving materials.
A. Cosmic, white lead, red lead, raw linseed oil, turpentine, beef tallow, drier, lamp black, pumice stone, varnish, asphaltum varnish, paint brushes, shellac, graphite paint and insulac.
Q. Name some uses of each.
A. Cosmic: Covering bright parts of engines, generators, motors, etc., when out of commission.
White Lead: (4 pts. W. L. to 1 of tallow) Used on screw-threads of mine cases, steel threads, compound plugs, bolts, nuts, washers, surfaces of flute joints, etc.
Caution:Never use this on a joint where electrical contact is to be made.
Red Lead: (100 pounds red lead ground in linseed-oil with 5 gallons raw linseed added.) On mine cases after being scraped. As a preliminary coat for iron surfaces of engines, generators, etc.
Raw Linseed, Turpentine, Drier, and Lampblack, for making different kinds of paint. Turpentine is also used to clean brushes, etc.
Tallow: For mixing with white lead to form a preservative.
Pumice-stone: When powdered and mixed with oil is used to rub down surfaces, as the first coat of varnish on an engine.
Varnish: As a finishing coat for metal and wood surfaces not exposed to heat or water.
Asphaltum Varnish: For painting anchors, distribution-boxes, mooring-sockets, shackles, sister hooks, junction boxes, iron work of operating boards and power panels, etc.
Shellac: For covering decks, spars, etc.
Graphite Paint: For painting hot parts of engines, etc.
Insulac: For preserving insulation on electrical instruments, etc.
Q. How is an engine painted?
A. All hot surfaces should be painted with black graphitepaint. All other surfaces after being thoroughly scraped and sand-papered should be given a priming coat of red-lead paint. This should be lightly rubbed down with powdered pumice and oil, then two coats of preferably steel color metal paint applied and rubbed. Two coats of varnish are now applied and rubbed with pumice as above, after each coat becomes thoroughly dry.
Q. Name some high explosives used in submarine mining.
A. Wet gun-cotton principally, dynamite, and other high explosives that can be readily purchased in commercial life in case of emergency.
Q. Why is wet gun-cotton to be preferred as a high explosive?
A. Because it is perfectly safe to handle. It can only be detonated by first detonating a small piece of dry gun-cotton placed near it.
Q. What are some important precautions to be observed when loading mines?
A.
1oAlways wear rubbers when entering the magazine to get the explosive. (The main supply is always kept in a cool magazine.)2oNever drop or slide along the floor boxes of high explosive.3oDo not expose high explosive to sun's rays or heat.4oBring only one box to the loading-room at a time, then, when used, burn the box and sawdust in a safe place.5oPlace canvas or burlap on floor of loading-room, then place mine on skids upon this.6oUse rubber gloves when handling dynamite.7oSweep floor frequently and throw sweepings in water.8oAfter mine is loaded by use of funnel, carefully clean threads with a soft brush, then smear plenty of ruberine on threads.9oNever saw or bore a dry guncotton cake.10oNever open a mine loaded with dynamite without first consulting an officer.11oNever thaw out dynamite near a stove.
1oAlways wear rubbers when entering the magazine to get the explosive. (The main supply is always kept in a cool magazine.)
2oNever drop or slide along the floor boxes of high explosive.
3oDo not expose high explosive to sun's rays or heat.
4oBring only one box to the loading-room at a time, then, when used, burn the box and sawdust in a safe place.
5oPlace canvas or burlap on floor of loading-room, then place mine on skids upon this.
6oUse rubber gloves when handling dynamite.
7oSweep floor frequently and throw sweepings in water.
8oAfter mine is loaded by use of funnel, carefully clean threads with a soft brush, then smear plenty of ruberine on threads.
9oNever saw or bore a dry guncotton cake.
10oNever open a mine loaded with dynamite without first consulting an officer.
11oNever thaw out dynamite near a stove.
Q. How is dynamite that is frozen thawed out?
A. Place the frozen dynamite in an open watertight can. Place this can in another can of warm water, such that the heat of the warm water only will do the thawing.
Q. Describe the plotting board.
A. It is the same as that used for guns except the gun arm and its parts are not used. The scale is ordinarily 100 yards = 1 inch.
Q. How is it used for mine firing?
A. The ship istracked by plottingpoints of intersection of the primary and secondary arm every 20 seconds. After several positions are plotted a point is predicted at a certain interval of time ahead and by means of a "combination prediction and speed scale" the time of the arrival of the ship over the mine which was previously plotted on the board is obtained and this is the time of firing that mine. This is called "judgment firing."
Q. Describe and use the azimuth instrument.
A. See Examination for First-class Gunners for Gun-companies.
Q. Name the batteries used in mine work.
A. Casemate battery (storage—40 cells) and boat telephone battery (either storage or dry cells sufficient to give 15 volts).
Q. Describe the casemate battery. (See Fig. 103.)
A. This is a storage-battery of the standard chloride accumulator type. It is composed of 40 cells, type D-5 (D = size of plate 5, the number of plates). D-5 has two positive and three negative plates, each 6" × 6". Positive plates are of a brownish color, negative grayish. These plates are contained in a glass jar nearly filled with electrolyte (one part sulphuric acid to five parts distilled water by volume makes electrolyte of 1·210 specific gravity.The acid must be poured into the water.)
These glass jars are placed in trays of sand and the trays rest on glass insulators. The normal charge and discharge rate of this battery is 5 amperes, although in starting the motor generator a much higher current is drawn from the battery. The voltage is about 80.
Q. What precautions are necessary to keep it in order?
A.
1oDo not overcharge, overdischarge, or allow to stand completely discharged. (Battery should be charged when discharge is 1.8 volts per cell.)2oKeep plates covered with electrolyte about ¾ inch above top of plates. If not at proper height add distilled water.3oKeep cells free from sediment.4oA record of each cell (voltage and specific gravity) should be kept each time the battery is charged, and this should be done about once a week.5oThe indications of a complete charge are: when positive plates have a deep chocolate color, negative light slate, cells gas freely, each cell reads about 2·5 volts, and 1.210 specific gravity, and when no perceptible rise in voltage occurs for a lapse of 10 to 15 minutes.6oIf any low cells develop, bring them back into condition immediately.(a) If voltage is very low, look for sediment or foreign matter, then charge separately.
1oDo not overcharge, overdischarge, or allow to stand completely discharged. (Battery should be charged when discharge is 1.8 volts per cell.)
2oKeep plates covered with electrolyte about ¾ inch above top of plates. If not at proper height add distilled water.
3oKeep cells free from sediment.
4oA record of each cell (voltage and specific gravity) should be kept each time the battery is charged, and this should be done about once a week.
5oThe indications of a complete charge are: when positive plates have a deep chocolate color, negative light slate, cells gas freely, each cell reads about 2·5 volts, and 1.210 specific gravity, and when no perceptible rise in voltage occurs for a lapse of 10 to 15 minutes.
6oIf any low cells develop, bring them back into condition immediately.
(a) If voltage is very low, look for sediment or foreign matter, then charge separately.
STORAGE CELL (DISMANTLED)Fig. 103.
STORAGE CELL (DISMANTLED)Fig. 103.
STORAGE CELL (DISMANTLED)
Fig. 103.
(b) If specific gravity is very low take out some electrolyte and add 1.200 specific gravity electrolyte. (This used to be 1.400.)7oKeep battery-room well ventilated, especially while charging.8oNever bring an exposed flame into battery-room while charging. (The gases given off are explosive when mixed with air.)9oKeep the floor and all parts of the room clean, iron, copper, and metal work free from corrosion; keep all connections tight and clean; never allow verdigris to collectanywhere.
(b) If specific gravity is very low take out some electrolyte and add 1.200 specific gravity electrolyte. (This used to be 1.400.)
7oKeep battery-room well ventilated, especially while charging.
8oNever bring an exposed flame into battery-room while charging. (The gases given off are explosive when mixed with air.)
9oKeep the floor and all parts of the room clean, iron, copper, and metal work free from corrosion; keep all connections tight and clean; never allow verdigris to collectanywhere.
Q. Describe a searchlight.
A. It consists of an iron cylinder mounted on an iron pedestal in a yoke. The cylinder contains a parabolic mirror in the back, a series of glass strips in the front, and two "carbons" in the middle.
The electric current in passing through the carbons heats the points to a very high degree, producing a brilliant light. This light is reflected by the mirror towards the front, and the mirror, being of a curved form, also converges the rays of light. Underneath most searchlights are electric motors for traversing and elevating, and these motors are started or stopped by means of switches in a contrivance called a "controller," which is always placed at a distance from the light.
Q. Point out the following parts of a 36" searchlight: hand star-wheel for slow vertical movement; wheel for throwing out split nut used for connecting or disconnecting the drum from the base mechanism; wheel for slow horizontal movement; hand star-wheel for clamping turntable to center-pin for electrical control; wood handles on drum for moving drum by hand; hand-wheel for clamping hand star-wheelAwhen electric control is used; controller-switch; controller-handle; controller fuse-box; controller-coupling for connecting cable from the projector; focusing-screw; socket for inserting wrench to operate lamp-switch used for cutting out feeding-magnet; socket for inserting wrench when feeding by hand; door used for adjusting the carbons and for cleaning the front door; door used when carbons are to be adjusted or changed; front door; door used when adjusting negative carbons or cleaning the mirror; horizontal peepsights; vertical peepsights; sliding case to be opened when lamp mechanism is to be inspected; projector main switch; latches for fastening base-sheeting; base-sheeting.
A. See Fig. 104.
36-INCH SEARCHLIGHT AND CONTROLLER.Fig. 104.
36-INCH SEARCHLIGHT AND CONTROLLER.Fig. 104.
36-INCH SEARCHLIGHT AND CONTROLLER.
Fig. 104.
Q. Describe the principal parts of the charging-generator?
A. The frame holds the field-magnets within which revolves an armature consisting of a winding of conductors and a commutator. Brushes made of carbon touch the commutator. The base rests on guides which permits of a motion of the generator to take up the slack of the belt.
Q. Point out the following parts of the generator: frame, base, field-coil, commutator, brushes, shaft, pulley, adjusting-screw, rocker-handle, magnet-frame bolt, brush-holder, brush stud-cable, rocker, bearing-cup, journal-box, pole-shoe, pole.
A. See Fig. 105.
Q. Point out the following parts of the oil-engine: cylinder-casing, vaporizer, vaporizer-cap, vaporizer-cover, vaporizer-cover lid, valve-box journal, valve-box sleeve, spray-nozzle, horizontal valve, horizontal-valve spring, vertical valve, vertical-valve spring, valve-box, valve-box screw-cap, valve-box coupling, overflow-glass, oil-pump can, oil-pump plug, oil-pump plunger, oil-pump plunger-spring, oil-pump plunger-head, oil-pump plunger-head guide, oil-pump gauge, oil-pump body, bed-plate, bearing-cup, splasher, oil-tank, oil-filter, filter-cock, worm-gear, gear-wheel, gear-guard, crank-shaft, crank-pin oiler, piston, connecting-rod, cam-shaft, governor-wheel, governor-pinion, governor-counterpoise, crank-shaft, governor-balls, governor-counterweight, air-valve cam, exhaust-valve cam, cam rollers, cam shifter, locking-handle, air-valve, exhaust-valve, cylinder-lubricator, cylinder-lubricator pulley, fly-wheel, fly-wheel key-guard, splasher.
A DIRECT-CURRENT GENERATOR.Fig. 105.
A DIRECT-CURRENT GENERATOR.Fig. 105.
A DIRECT-CURRENT GENERATOR.
Fig. 105.
HORNSBY AKROYD OIL-ENGINE.Fig. 106.
HORNSBY AKROYD OIL-ENGINE.Fig. 106.
HORNSBY AKROYD OIL-ENGINE.
Fig. 106.
A. See Fig. 106.
Q. Name some important points to be observed in caring for the generator.
A.
1oKeep it perfectly dry.2oKeep it perfectly clean.3oDo not let pieces of iron or steel come near it when running.4oKeep the belt adjusted.5oKeep the bearings well oiled.6oKeep commutator clean and smooth (use fine sandpaper only, then a soft cloth and some oil or vaseline, then dry thoroughly).7oKeep brushes in trim and making good contact.8oDo not allow armature to heat badly, or it will suddenly burn out.9oKeep brushes on neutral point to prevent sparking. There is usually a mark on the dynamo to show this, if not, rock brushes until sparking ceases.10oKeep covered when not using.11oKeep connections clean and tight.12oNever overload it.
1oKeep it perfectly dry.
2oKeep it perfectly clean.
3oDo not let pieces of iron or steel come near it when running.
4oKeep the belt adjusted.
5oKeep the bearings well oiled.
6oKeep commutator clean and smooth (use fine sandpaper only, then a soft cloth and some oil or vaseline, then dry thoroughly).
7oKeep brushes in trim and making good contact.
8oDo not allow armature to heat badly, or it will suddenly burn out.
9oKeep brushes on neutral point to prevent sparking. There is usually a mark on the dynamo to show this, if not, rock brushes until sparking ceases.
10oKeep covered when not using.
11oKeep connections clean and tight.
12oNever overload it.
Q. Point out the following parts of the power panel:
Milli-ammeter and its protecting lamp.Double pole circuit-breaker.Single pole reverse current circuit breaker.Direct current ammeter (two way).Direct current voltmeter.Alternating current voltmeter.Double-pole double-throw lever switches.Double-pole single-throw lever switches.Receptacles.Plugs.Lamps.D. C. busses.A. C. "Charging rheostat.Field "Resistance for reverse current circuit-breaker.Terminal strips.Fuses.Fuse clips.
Milli-ammeter and its protecting lamp.Double pole circuit-breaker.Single pole reverse current circuit breaker.Direct current ammeter (two way).Direct current voltmeter.Alternating current voltmeter.Double-pole double-throw lever switches.Double-pole single-throw lever switches.Receptacles.Plugs.Lamps.D. C. busses.A. C. "Charging rheostat.Field "Resistance for reverse current circuit-breaker.Terminal strips.Fuses.Fuse clips.
A. This must be learned at casemate.
Q. Point out the following parts of the operating panel:
Signal-block.Master "Mine "Cable terminal block.Single stroke gong and its switch.Red lamp and white lamp, and use of each.Resistance coil and its use.Earth terminal.A. C. "D. C. "A. C. jaw.D. C. "Testing switch on master block.Firing switch.Jumper.Testing switch on mine block.Automatic switch.Mine switch.Power switch.Automatic switch release.Solenoid.
Signal-block.Master "Mine "Cable terminal block.Single stroke gong and its switch.Red lamp and white lamp, and use of each.Resistance coil and its use.Earth terminal.A. C. "D. C. "A. C. jaw.D. C. "Testing switch on master block.Firing switch.Jumper.Testing switch on mine block.Automatic switch.Mine switch.Power switch.Automatic switch release.Solenoid.
The terminal block is provided with binding posts and clips.
A. This must be learned at the casemate.
Q. What is a motor generator?
A. A combination of a separate motor and a generator connected to the same shaft.
Q. What kind of a motor generator is the one in the casemate?
A. It consists of a motor driven by direct current and a generator which delivers alternating current. It has about 1-1/3 H. P.
Q. What is the voltage of each?
A. 80-110 for the motor and about the same for the generator.
Q. What is the object of the casemate transformer?
A. To raise the voltage from about 80 to 500 alternating current.
Q. Describe the mine transformer.
A. This will be learned in the casemate.
Q. Explain what switches you would set on power panel for automatic firing, the board having been previously tested and found by the electrician to be in order.
A.
1oPut D. C. on busses{ (a) Close double-pole circuit-breaker{ (storage-battery), or{ (b) Close S. P. reverse current circuit-breakerby { and switch No. 2 to the right (post power), or{ (c) Close S. P. reverse current circuit-breaker{ and switch No. 2 to the left (casemate{ generator).2oRead voltage by plugging in proper receptacle.3oClose switch No. 3 up.4o" " " 4 " (or down).5o" " " 9 " ( " " ).6oRead A. C. voltage by plugging in proper receptacle.8oClose switch No. 8 up.
1oPut D. C. on busses{ (a) Close double-pole circuit-breaker{ (storage-battery), or{ (b) Close S. P. reverse current circuit-breakerby { and switch No. 2 to the right (post power), or{ (c) Close S. P. reverse current circuit-breaker{ and switch No. 2 to the left (casemate{ generator).
2oRead voltage by plugging in proper receptacle.
3oClose switch No. 3 up.
4o" " " 4 " (or down).5o" " " 9 " ( " " ).
6oRead A. C. voltage by plugging in proper receptacle.
8oClose switch No. 8 up.
Q. Explain how to set operating panel for automatic firing.
A. All contacts, connections, switches, etc., having been previously tested and examined by the electrician and found in order:
1oClose up the testing, automatic, mine, power, and gong switches.2oClose firing switch.
1oClose up the testing, automatic, mine, power, and gong switches.
2oClose firing switch.
Note.—If one or more automatic switches cannot be made to stay up, open the power switch for that mine before closing firing switch.
Q. How would you fire by judgment?
A. Conditions being as above, lift the automatic switch release of the mine to be fired at the command "Fire".
Q. How are mines tested?
A. 1oPut D. C. on D. C. busses.2oOpen power switches on all mine blocks.3oUnscrew all green lamps except on panel being tested.4oClose switch No. 3 down.5oClose power switch of each mine in succession and read milli-ammeter. This should be about 30 to 40 milli-amperes.
A. 1oPut D. C. on D. C. busses.
2oOpen power switches on all mine blocks.
3oUnscrew all green lamps except on panel being tested.
4oClose switch No. 3 down.
5oClose power switch of each mine in succession and read milli-ammeter. This should be about 30 to 40 milli-amperes.
Q. Point out and describe the parts of a boat-telephone.
A. See Fig. 107.
Q. Describe how to connect up and use the boat-telephone.
A. 1oConnect one wire of the casemate 'phone to either side of the battery, and the other to the ground (waterpipe is a good ground).2oThe same end of the battery is connected to wire Nos. 1, 13, or 19 of the multiple cable leading to the distribution-box boat.3oConnect one wire of the 'phone in the D. B. boat to this same core (No. 19, for example).4oConnect the other wire to an earth plate which is overboard. (An earth plate is usually made of iron or copper.)5oThe other terminal of the telephone battery has a permanent connection to earth. These connections then place the two telephones in parallel with the battery.To call, press the push-button.To talk, press the talking-switch.
A. 1oConnect one wire of the casemate 'phone to either side of the battery, and the other to the ground (waterpipe is a good ground).
2oThe same end of the battery is connected to wire Nos. 1, 13, or 19 of the multiple cable leading to the distribution-box boat.
3oConnect one wire of the 'phone in the D. B. boat to this same core (No. 19, for example).
4oConnect the other wire to an earth plate which is overboard. (An earth plate is usually made of iron or copper.)
5oThe other terminal of the telephone battery has a permanent connection to earth. These connections then place the two telephones in parallel with the battery.
To call, press the push-button.
To talk, press the talking-switch.
Q. Point out and describe the parts of a wall-telephone composite artillery type.
A. See Fig. 108.
Q. Give the tests for telephones.
A. 1st.Bell is not rung by its own magneto.
Analysis:
1. Short circuit on line.2. Mechanical trouble in the bell.3. Short circuit in the phone.4. Open circuit in the phone.5. Magneto does not generate.
1. Short circuit on line.2. Mechanical trouble in the bell.3. Short circuit in the phone.4. Open circuit in the phone.5. Magneto does not generate.