Chapter 13

1Tishri. . . . . . 302Heshvan. . . . . 29 (r. & d.)or 30 (p.)3Kislev. . . . . . 29 (d.) or30 (r. & p.)4Tebet. . . . . . 295Shebat. . . . . . 306Adar. . . . . . . 29 or30 (l.)--Veadar. . . . . 29(occuring only in leap years)7Nisan. . . . . . .308Ivar. . . . . . ..299Sivan. . . . . . .3010Tammux. . . . . . 2911Ab. . . . . . . . 3012Elul. . . . . . ..29

Jewish Year a. d.

5661p.begins Sept. 24, 1900 5662d.l." " 14, 1901 5663p." Oct. 2, 1902 5664r." Sept. 22, 1903 5665p.l." " 10, 1904 5666p." " 30, 1905 5667r." " 20, 1906 5668d.l." " 6, 1907 5669p." " 26, 1908 5670d.l." " 16, 1909 5671r." Oct. 4, 1910 5672p." Sept. 23, 1911 5673p.l." " 12, 1912 5674r." Oct. 2, 1913 5675d." Sept. 21, 1914 5676p.l." " 9, 1915 5677r." " 28, 1916 5678p." " 17, 1917 5679d.l.begins Sept. 7, 1918 5680r." " 25, 1919 5681p.l." " 13, 1920 5682p." Oct. 3, 1921 5683d." Sept. 23, 1922 5684r.l." " 11, 1923 5685p." " 29, 1924 5686p." " 19, 1925 5687d.l." " 9, 1926 5688r." " 27, 1927 5689p.l." " 15, 1928 5690d." Oct. 5, 1929 5691r." Sept. 23, 1930 5692p.l." " 12, 1931 5693p." Oct. 1, 1932 5694r." Sept. 23, 1933 5695d.l." " 10, 1934 5696p." " 28, 1935

d. = defective year;d.l. = defective leap year;p.= perfect year;p.l.= perfect leap year;r.= regular year;r.l.= regular leap year.

Jib (?),n.1.One that jibs, or balks; a jibber.

2.A stationary condition; a standstill.

Jib,v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Jibbed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Jibbing.] Also Jibb. [Cf. Jib a sail, Gybe.](Chiefly Naut.)To shift, or swing round, as a sail, boom, yard, etc., as in tacking.

Jig,v. i.To move with a skip or rhythm; to move with vibrations or jerks.

The fin wouldjigoff slowly, as if it were looking for nothing at all.

Kipling.

Jig"ger (jg"gr),n.(Zoöl.)Any one of several species of small red mites (esp.Tetranychus irritansandT. Americanus) which, in the larval or leptus stage, burrow beneath the skin of man and various animals, causing great annoyance. [Southern U. S.]

Jig"ger (?),v. t.[Cf. Jiggle.] To move, send, or drive with a jerk; to jerk; also, to drive or send over with a jerk, as a golf ball.

He couldjiggerthe ball o'er a steeple tall as most men wouldjiggera cop.

Harper's Mag.

{Ji*had", Je*had"} (?),n.[Ar.jihd.](Moham.)A religious war against infidels or Mohammedan heretics; also, any bitter war or crusade for a principle or belief.

[Their] courage in war . . . had not, like that of the Mohammedan dervishes of the Sudan, or of Mohammedans anywhere engaged in ajehad, a religious motive and the promise of future bliss behind it.

James Bryce.

Jim Crow. A negro; -- said to be so called from a popular negro song and dance, the refrain of which is "Wheel about and turn about and jump Jim Crow," produced in 1835 by T. D. Rice, a famous negro minstrel. [Slang, U. S.]

Jink (?),v. i.[Cf. Jig,v. i.]1.To move quickly, esp. with a sudden turn; hence, to dodge; to escape by a quick turn; -- obs. or dial., except as a hunting term in pig-sticking.

2.(Card Playing)In the games of spoilfive and forty-five, to win the game by taking all five tricks; also, to play to win all five tricks, losing what has been already won if unsuccessful.

Jinx (?),n.A person, object, influence, or supernatural being which is supposed to bring bad luck or to cause things to go wrong. [Slang]

Joint,n.1.[Jag a notch.] A projecting or retreating part in something; any irregularity of line or surface, as in a wall. [Now Chiefly U. S.]

2.(Theaters)A narrow piece of scenery used to join together two flats or wings of an interior setting.

3.A place of low resort, as for smoking opium. [Slang]

Jol"ly (?),v. t.To cause to be jolly; to make good-natured; to encourage to feel pleasant or cheerful; -- often implying an insincere or bantering spirit; hence, to poke fun at. [Colloq.]

We want you tojollythem up a bit.

Brander Matthews.

At noon we lunched at the tail of the ambulance, and gently "jollied" the doctor's topography.

F. Remington.

Jol"ly,n.; pl.Jollies(#). [Prob. fr. Jolly,a.] A marine in the English navy. [Sailor's Slang]

I'm aJolly-- 'Er Majesty'sJolly-- soldier an' sailor too!

Kipling.

Joss paper. Gold and silver paper burned by the Chinese, in the form of coins or ingots, in worship and at funerals.

Joule"me`ter (?),n.An integrating wattmeter for measuring the energy in joules expended in an electric circuit or developed by a machine.

Joule's cycle (?).(Thermodynamics)The cycle for the air engine proposed by Joule. In it air is taken by a pump from a cold chamber and compressed adiabatically until its pressure is eqal to that of the air in a hot chamber, into which it is then delivered, thereby displacing an equal amount of hot air into the engine cylinder. Here it expands adiabatically to the temperature of the cold chamber into which it is finally exhausted. This cycle, reversed, is used in refrigerating machines.

Joule's law.1.(Elec.)The law that the rate at which heat is produced in any part of an electric circuit is measured by the product of the square of the current into the resistance of that part of the circuit. If the current(i)is constant for an interval of time(t), the energy (H) in heat units equalsi2Rt,Rbeing resistance.

2.(Thermodynamics)The law that there is no change of temperature when a gas expands without doing external work and without receiving or rejecting heat.

{ Jub"bah (?),n.Also Jub"beh, Joob"beh (?) }. [Hind.jubba, fr. Ar.jubbah.] A long outer garment worn by both sexes of Mohammedans of the better class.

Ju"da*iz`ers (j"d*z`rz),n. pl.See Raskolnik.

Judge"-made`,a.Created by judges or judicial decision; -- applied esp. to law applied or established by the judicial interpretation of statutes so as extend or restrict their scope, as to meet new cases, to provide new or better remedies, etc., and often used opprobriously of acts of judicial interpretation considered as doing this.

The law of the 13th century wasjudge-madelaw in a fuller and more literal sense than the law of any succeeding century has been.

Sir Frederick Pollock.

Ju"jube (?),n.A lozenge made of or in imitation of, or flavored with, the jujube fruit.

{ ||Ju"jut`su (?),n.Also Ju"jit`su (?), Jiu"jut`su, Jiu"jit`su (?) }. [Jap.jjutsu;jsoft (prob. because no weapons are used) +jutsuart.] The Japanese art of self- defense without weapons, now widely used as a system of physical training. It depends for its efficiency largely upon the principle of making use of an opponent's strength and weight to disable or injure him, and by applying pressure so that his opposing movement will throw him out of balance, dislocate or break a joint, etc. It opposes knowledge and skill to brute strength, and demands an extensive practical knowledge of human anatomy.

Jukes, The (?) A pseudonym used to designate the descendants of two sisters, the "Jukes" sisters, whose husbands were sons of a backwoodsman of Dutch descent. They lived in the State of New York, and their history was investigated by R. L. Dugdale as an example of the inheritance of criminal and immoral tendencies, disease, and pauperism. Sixty per cent of those traced showed, degeneracy, and they are estimated to have cost society $1,308,000 in 75 years.

||Ju`melle" (?),a.[F., fem. ofjumeau, fr. L.gemellus. Cf. Gemel,a.] Twin; paired; -- said of various objects made or formed in pairs, as a binocular opera glass, a pair of gimmal rings, etc.

Ju`melle",n.A jumelle opera glass, or the like.

Jump"er,n.A thing that jumps; esp., any of various tools or other contrivances operating with a jumping motion; as,(Mining, Quarrying, etc.), an instrument for boring holes in rocks by percussion without hammering, consisting of a bar of iron with a chisel-edged steel tip at one or both ends, operated by striking it against the rock, turning it slightly with each blow.

Jump"ing dis*ease". A convulsive tic similar to or identical with miryachit, observed among the woodsmen of Maine.

Jump spark. A spark produced by the jumping of electricity across a permanent gap.

Jump"y (?),a.[Compar.Jumpier (?);superl.Jumpiest.] Jumping, or inducing to jump; characterized by jumps; hence, extremely nervous.

Junc"tion box.(Elec.)A box through which the main conductors of a system of electric distribution pass, and where connection is made with branch circuits.

Ju"ry mast.(a)A temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken.(b)(Med.)An apparatus to support the trunk and head in spinal disease.

Ju"ry-rigged`,a.(Naut.)Rigged for temporary service.

Jus"ti*fy,v. t.(Law)(a)To show (a person) to have had a sufficient legal reason for an act that has been made the subject of a charge or accusation.(b)To qualify (one's self) as a surety by taking oath to the ownership of sufficient property.

The production of bail in court, who therejustifythemselves against the exception of the plaintiff.

Bouvier's Law Dict.

||Ka"ma (kä"mä),n.(Theosophy)Desire; animal passion; -- supposed to create theka"ma ru"pa(rp) [Skr.rpashape, image], a kind of simulacrum or astral likeness of a man which exists after his death in an invisible plane of being, calledka"ma lo"ca(l"k) [Skr.lkaspace, world], until the impulses which created it are exhausted and it finally fades away.

Ka*pok" (?),n.[Prob. fr. the native name.](Bot.)A silky wool derived from the seeds ofCeiba pentandra(syn.Eriodendron anfractuosum), a bombaceous tree of the East and West Indies.

||Ka`ra*kul" (?),n.[Russ.karakul'curly fleece of Bokhara and Khiva sheep.] Astrakhan, esp. in fine grades. Cf. Caracul.

Ka*ross" (?),n.[Native name.] A native garment or rug of skin sewed together in the form of a square. [South Africa]

The wants of a native . . . are confined to akaross(skin cloak) or some pieces of cotton cloth.

James Bryce.

Kau"ri (?),n.(a)Kauri resin.(b)By extension, any of various species ofDammara; as, the redkauri(D. lanceolata).

{ Kauri resin, gum, or copal }. A resinous product of the kauri, found in the form of yellow or brown lumps in the ground where the trees have grown. It is used for making varnish, and as a substitute for amber.

Ka*zoo" (?),n.[Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of toy or rude musical instrument, as a tube inside of which is a stretched string made to vibrate by singing or humming into the tube.

Ke"a (k";colloq.k"),n.[Maori.](Zoöl.)A large New Zealand parrot (Nestor notabilis), notorious for having acquired the habit of killing sheep; -- called alsomountain parrot.

||Ked"dah (?),n.[Malaykedah, fr. Ar.qadahhole.] An inclosure constructed to entrap wild elephants; an elephant trap. [India]

Keel,n.(Aëronautics)In a dirigible, a construction similar in form and use to a ship's keel; in an aëroplane, a fin or fixed surface employed to increase stability and to hold the machine to its course.

Kef"ir (?),n.An effervescent liquor like kumiss, made from fermented milk, used as a food and as a medicine in the northern Caucasus. -- Ke*fir"ic (#),a.

Kefir grains. Small hard yellowish aggregations found in the Caucasus region, and containing various yeasts and bacteria. They are used as a ferment in preparing kefir.

Ke"loid (?),a.[Gr. &?; crab's claw +-oid: cf. F.kéloïde,chéloïde.](Med.)Applied to a variety of tumor forming hard, flat, irregular excrescences upon the skin.

Ke"loid,n.A keloid tumor.

Kep"i (?),n.[F.képi, of G. origin.] A military cap having a close-fitting band, a round flat top sloping toward the front, and a visor. As originally worn by the French in Algeria about 1830 it was tall and stiff with a straight visor. It is now lower, has a curved visor, and is frequently soft.

||Kép"vi*se*lö*ház` (?),n.[Hung., fr.képviselörepresentative +házhouse.](Hungary)See Legislature.

Ker"mes (?),n.(Zoöl.)[NL.] A genus of scale insects including many species that feed on oaks. The adult female resembles a small gall.

Kern (?),n.[Written alsokirn.] [Cf. D. & G.kernkernal, E.kernto harden,kernel.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]1.Kernel; corn; grain.

2.The last handful or sheaf reaped at the harvest.

3.The harvest-home.

Kern baby. A doll or image decorated with corn (grain) flowers, etc., carried in the festivals of a kern, or harvest- home. Called alsoharvest queen.

Ker"seys,n. pl.Varieties of kersey; also, trousers made of kersey.

Ke"ta (?),n.[Perh. of Amer. Indian origin.](Zoöl.)A small salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) of inferior value, which in the autumn runs up all the larger rivers between San Francisco and Kamchatka.

Key,n.(Teleg.)A metallic lever by which the circuit of the sending or transmitting part of a station equipment may be easily and rapidly opened and closed; any device for closing or opening an electric circuit.

Key,n.A simplified version or analysis which accompanies something as a clue to its explanation, a book or table containing the solutions to problems, ciphers, allegories, or the like, or a table or synopsis of conspicuous distinguishing characters of members of a taxonomic group.

Key fruit.(Bot.)A samara.

Key"stone` State. Pennsylvania; -- a nickname alluding to its having been the central one of the 13 original United States.

Kha"ki (kä"k),a.[Hind.khk, lit., dusty, dust-colored, fr. Per.khkdust.] Of a dull brownish yellow, or drab color; -- applied to cloth, originally to a stout brownish cotton cloth, used in making uniforms in the Anglo-Indian army. In the United States service the summer uniform of cotton is officially designatedkhaki; the winter uniform of wool,olive drab.

Kha"ki,n.Any kind of khaki cloth; hence, a uniform of khaki or, rarely, a soldier clad in khaki. In the United States and British armies khaki or cloth of a very similar color is almost exclusively used for service in the field.

Khond (?),n.A Dravidian of a group of tribes of Orissa, India, a section of whom were formerly noted for their cruel human sacrifices to the earth goddess, murder of female infants, and marriage by capture.

Ki"bosh (?),n.1.Nonsense; stuff; also, fashion; style. [Slang]

2.Portland cement when thrown or blown into the recesses of carved stonework to intensify the shadows.

To put the kibosh on, to do for; to dispose of. [Slang]

Kid,n.Among pugilists, thieves, etc., a youthful expert; -- chiefly used attributively; as,kidJones. [Cant]

Kil"erg` (?),n.[Kilo-+erg.](Physics)A unit of work equal to one thousand ergs.

Kil*ken"ny cats (?). Two cats fabled, in an Irish story, to have fought till nothing was left but their tails. It is probably a parable of a local contest between Kilkenny and Irishtown, which impoverished both towns.

Kill (?),n.1.The act of killing.

"There is none like to me!" says the cub in the pride of his earliestkill.

Kipling.

2.An animal killed in the hunt, as by a beast of prey.

If ye plunder hiskillfrom a weaker, devour not all in thy pride.

Kipling.

Kil"o- (?). [F.kilo-. See Kilogram.] A combining form used to signifythousandin forming the names of units of measurement; as,kilogram,kilometer,kilowatt, etc.

Kil"o*volt` (?),n.[Kilo-+volt.](Elec.)A unit of electromotive force equal to one thousand volts.

Kil"o*watt` hour.(Elec.)A unit of work or energy equal to that done by one kilowatt acting for one hour; -- approx. = 1.34 horse-power hour.

Ki*mo"no (?),n.; pl.- nos(#). [Jap.]1.A kind of loose robe or gown tied with a sash, worn as an outer garment by Japanese men and women.

2.A similar gown worn as a dressing gown by women of Western nations.

{ Kin (kn),n.Also Kine (kn) }. [Gr. kinei^n to move.](Physics)The unit velocity in the C.G.S. system -- a velocity of one centimeter per second.

{ Kin`æs*thet"ic (?), Kin`es*thet"ic },a.Of, pertaining to, or involving, kinæsthesis.

Ki*ne"to*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; movable +-graph.](Physics)(a)A camera for making chronophotographs.(b)A machine for the projection of chronophotographs upon a screen for the purpose of producing the effect of an animated picture.(c)A combined animated-picture machine and phonograph in which sounds appropriate to the scene are automatically uttered by the latter instrument.

Ki*ne"to*phone (?),n.[See Kinetic, Phone.] A machine combining a kinetoscope and a phonograph synchronized so as to reproduce a scene and its accompanying sounds.

Ki*ne"to*scope (?),n.A machine, for the production of animated pictures, in which a film carrying successive instantaneous views of a moving scene travels uniformly through the field of a magnifying glass. The observer sees each picture, momentarily, through a slit in a revolving disk, and these glimpses, blended by persistence of vision, give the impression of continuous motion.

Kin"it (?),n.[Gr. &?; to move.](Physics)A unit of force equal to the force which, acting for one second, will give a pound a velocity of one foot per second; - - proposed by J.D.Everett, an English physicist.

Ki*osk" (?),n.A light ornamental structure used as a news stand, band stand, etc.

Kip (?),n.[Cf. G.kippe.]1.A sharp-pointed hill; a projecting point, as on a hill. [Scot.]

2.(Gymnastics)A method or feat of raising the body when hanging or swinging by the arms, as for the purpose of mounting upon the horizontal bar. The legs are swung forward and upward by bending the hips, then suddenly down again, which gives the upward impulse to the body.

Kiss"ing bug`.(Zoöl.)Any one of several species of blood-sucking, venomous Hemiptera that sometimes bite the lip or other parts of the human body, causing painful sores, as the cone-nose (Conorhinus sanguisuga). [U. S.]

Kiss"ing strings` (?). Cap or bonnet strings made long to tie under the chin.

One of her ladyship'skissing strings, once pink and fluttering and now faded and soiled.

Pall Mall Mag.

Kitch`en*ette" (?),n.[Kitchen+-ette.] A room combining a very small kitchen and a pantry, with the kitchen conveniences compactly arranged, sometimes so that they fold up out of sight and allow the kitchen to be made a part of the adjoining room by opening folding doors.

Kite,n.(Naut.)A form of drag to be towed under water at any depth up to about forty fathoms, which on striking bottom is upset and rises to the surface; -- called alsosentry.

Kit"ty (?),n.1.A kitten; also, a pet name or calling name for the cat.

2.[Etym. uncertain.](Gaming)The percentage taken out of a pool to pay for refreshments, or for the expenses of the table.R. F. Foster.

Ki"va (?),n.[Hopi name, sacred chamber.] A large chamber built under, or in, the houses of a Pueblo village, used as an assembly room in religious rites or as a men's dormitory. It is commonly lighted and entered from an opening in the roof.

Knee jerk.(Physiol.)A jerk or kick produced by a blow or sudden strain upon the patellar tendon of the knee, which causes a sudden contraction of the quadriceps muscle.

Kneipp"ism (?),n.Also Kneipp's, or Kneipp, cure (&?;). Treatment of disease by forms of hydrotherapy, as walking barefoot in the morning dew, baths, wet compresses, cold affusions, etc.; -- so called from its originator, Sebastian Kneipp (1821-97), a German priest.

Knick"er*bock`er,n.A linsey- woolsey fabric having a rough knotted surface on the right side; used for women's dresses.

Knife,v. t.Fig.: To stab in the back; to try to defeat by underhand means, esp. in politics; to vote or work secretly against (a candidate of one's own party). [Slang, U. S.]

Knife switch.(Elec.)A switch consisting of one or more knifelike pieces hinged at one end and making contact near the other with flat gripping springs.

Knight service. Also Knight's service (&?;).1.(Feud. Law)The military service by rendering which a knight held his lands; also, the tenure of lands held on condition of performing military service.

By far the greater part of England [in the 13th century] is held of the king byknight's service. . . . In order to understand this tenure we must form the conception of a unit of military service. That unit seems to be the service of one knight or fully armed horseman (servitium unius militis) to be done to the king in his army for forty days in the year, if it be called for. . . . The limit of forty days seems to have existed rather in theory than practice.

Pollock & Mait.

2.Service such as a knight can or should render; hence, good or valuable service.

Knight's fee.(Feudal Law)The fee of a knight; specif., the amount of land the holding of which imposed the obligation of knight service, being sometimes a hide or less, sometimes six or more hides.

Knob"ker`rie (?),n.[Boer D.knopkirie, fr. D.knop-hout, knotty stick + Hottentotkïrriclub.] A short club with a knobbed end used as a missile weapon by Kafir and other native tribes of South Africa.

Knob"stick` (?),n.A stick, cane, or club terminating in a knob; esp., such a stick or club used as a weapon or missile; a knobkerrie.

Knock,v. i.To practice evil speaking or fault-finding; to criticize habitually or captiously. [Vulgar Slang, U. S.]

Knock,v. t.To impress strongly or forcibly; to astonish; to move to admiration or applause. [Slang, Eng.]

Knock"a*bout` (?),n.1.(Naut.)A small yacht, generally from fifteen to twenty- five feet in length, having a mainsail and a jib. All knockabouts have ballast and either a keel or centerboard. The original type was twenty-one feet in length. The next larger type is called araceabout.

2.A knockabout performer or performance. [Theat. Slang]

3.A man hired on a sheep station to do odd jobs. [Colloq., Australia]

Knock"a*bout` (?),a.1.Marked by knocking about or roughness.

2.Of noisy and violent character. [Theat. Slang]

3.Characterized by, or suitable for, knocking about, or traveling or wandering hither and thither.

4.That does odd jobs; -- said of a class of hands or laborers on a sheep station. [Collog., Australia]

Knock"down` (?),a.1.Of such force as to fell or overthrow; overwhelming; as, aknockdownblow.

2.Designating a rivet end to be formed into a head by upsetting in fastening.

3.Of or pertaining to the act of knocking down at an auction; specif., designating the price below which an article will not be disposed by the auctioneer.

4.Made or constructed so as to be capable of being knocked down or taken apart, as for transportation.

Knock"down`,n.1.That which knocks one down; something that overpowers or overwhelms, as strong liquor; specif., a kind of ale or beer that is very strong. [Slang.]

2.A knocking down; a felling by a knock; a blow that overwhelms; also, a fist fight.

3.Something that knocks down, or takes apart, for packing or removal, as a piece of furniture; also, state of being knocked down, or taken apart.

Knock"er (?),n.1.A person strikingly handsome, beautiful, or fine; one who wins admiration; a "stunner." [Slang.]

2.A species of large cockroach, esp.Blabera gigantea, of semitropical America, which is able to produce a loud knocking sound.

Knock"-off`,n.Act or place of knocking off; that which knocks off; specif.(Mach.), a cam or the like for disconnecting something, as a device in a knitting machine to remove loops from the needles.

Knock"-off`,a.That knocks off; of or pertaining to knocking off.

Knock"-out`,a.That knocks out; characterized by knocking out; as, aknock-outblow; aknock-outkey for knocking out a drill from a collet.

Knock"-out` (?),n.Act of knocking out, or state of being knocked out.

Knock-out drops. Drops of some drug put in one's drink to stupefy him for purpose of robbery, etc. [Slang, U. S.]

Ko"dak (?),n.[An invented name.]1.A kind of portable photographic camera, esp. adapted for snapshot work, in which a succession of negatives is made upon a continuous roll of sensitized film; -- a trade-mark name of the Eastman Kodak Company, but now popularly applied to almost any hand camera.

2.A photograph taken with a kodak.

Ko"dak,v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Kodaked (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Kodaking.] To photograph with a kodak; hence, to describe or characterize briefly and vividly.

||Koft`ga*ri" (?),a.[Hind.koft garïgoldbeating. fr. Per.koftbeating +garïtrade.] Ornamental work produced by inlaying steel with gold, -- a variety of damascening much used in the arts of India.

{ Ko"la (?), Kola nut }. Same as Cola, Cola nut.

Ko*lin"sky (?),n.[Russ.kolinskiof Kola, a district in northeasten Russia where the finest minks abound.] Among furriers, any of several Asiatic minks; esp.,Putorius sibiricus, the yellowish brown pelt of which is valued, esp. for the tail, used for making artists' brushes. Trade names for the fur arered sableandTatar sable.

{ Ko*lusch"an, Ko*lush"an } (?),a.[From Russ.kalyushkapiece of wood (worn in the nether lip).] Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of North American Indians comprising the Tlinkit tribes of the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska and adjacent coast lands. Their language bears some affinity to Mexican tongues.

Kon*seal" (?),n.[Prob. formed fromconceal.](Med.)A form of capsule for inclosing a dose of medicine that is offensive, caustic, or the like.

||Kop (?),n.[South Afr. D., fr. D.kophead, akin to G.kopfand prob. to E.coptop.] Hill; mountain. [South Africa]

||Kop"je (?),n.[South African D., dim. ofkop. See Kop.] A hillock; a small kop. [South Africa]

The colloqual Dutch pronunciation as here given is the usual one in South Africa.

Ko"sher (?),a.[heb.koshërfit, proper.] Ceremonially clean, according to Jewish law; -- applied to food, esp. to meat of animals slaughtered according to the requirements of Jewish law. Opposed totref. Hence, designating a shop, store, house, etc., where such food is sold or used.

Ko"sher,n.Kosher food; also, a kosher shop.

Ko"sher,v. t.[imp. & p. p.Koshered (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Koshering.] To prepare in conformity with the requirements of the Jewish law, as meat.

Krupp"ize (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Kruppized (&?;);p. pr. & vb. n.Kruppizing.](Metal.)To treat by, or subject to, the Krupp process.

Krupp process (?).(Iron Metal.)(a)A process practiced by FriedrichKrupp, Essen, Germany, for washing pig iron, differing from the Bell process in using manganese as well as iron oxide, and performed in a Pernot furnace. Called also theBell-Krupp process.(b)A process for the manufacture of steel armor plates, invented or practiced byKrupp, the details of which are secret. It is understood to involve the addition of chromium as well as nickel to the metal, and to include a treatment like that of the Harvey process with unknown variations or additions. The product is mentioned by some authors, asimproved Harvey, orHarvey-Krupparmor plate.

Kryp"ton (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; , neut. of &?; hidden.](Chem.)An inert gaseous element of the argon group, occurring in air to the extent of about one volume in a million. It was discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Liquefying point, -- 152° C.; symbol,Kr; atomic weight, 83.0.

Kul*tur"kampf` (?),n.[G., fr.kultur,cultur, culture +kampffight.](Ger. Hist.)Lit., culture war; -- a name, originating with Virchow (1821 -- 1902), given to a struggle between the the Roman Catholic Church and the German government, chiefly over the latter's efforts to control educational and ecclesiastical appointments in the interest of the political policy of centralization. The struggle began with the passage by the Prussian Diet in May, 1873, of the so-calledMay laws, orFalk laws, aiming at the regulation of the clergy. Opposition eventually compelled the government to change its policy, and from 1880 to 1887 laws virtually nullifying the May laws were enacted.

||Ku"ro-Siwo (?),n.[Jap.kuroshio;kuroblack +shiotide.] See Japan Current, above.

Ky"ack (?),n.A pack sack to be swung on either side of a packsaddle. [Western U. S.]

L,a.1.Having the general shape of the (capital) letter L; as, an L beam, or L-beam.

2.Elevated; -- a symbol forel.as an abbreviation ofelevatedinelevated roadorrailroad. --n.An elevated road; as, to ride on theL. [Colloq., U. S.]

Laa"ger (l"grorlä"gr),n.[D., alsoleger. Cf. 2d Leaguer, Lair.] A camp, esp. one with an inclosure of travelers' wagons for temporary defense. [South Africa]

Wagons . . . can be readily formed into alaager, a camp, by being drawn into a circle, with the oxen placed inside and so kept safe from the attacks of wild beasts.

James Bryce.

Laa"ger,v. t. & i.[From Laager,n.] To form into, or camp in, a laager, or protected camp.

La"bi*o*plas`ty (l"b**pls`t),n.[Labium+-plasty.](Surg.)A plastic operation for making a new lip, or for replacing a lost tissue of a lip.

La"bi*palp (?),n.(Zoöl.)A labial palp.

La"bor,n.(Mining.)A stope or set of stopes. [Sp. Amer.]

Labor Day. In most of the States and Territories of the United States, a day, usually the first Monday of September, set aside as a legal holiday, in honor of, or in the interest of, workingmen as a class. Also, a similar holiday in Canada, Australia, etc.

La"bret (?),n.[L.labrumlip.](Anthropology)A piece of wood, shell, stone, or other substance, worn in a perforation of the lip or cheek by many savages.

Lace,v. t.To twine or draw as a lace; to interlace; to intertwine.

The Gond . . . picked up a trail of the Karela, the vine that bears the bitter wild gourd, andlacedit to and fro across the temble door.

Kipling.

Lach"ry*mals (?),n. pl.[See Lachrymal.] Tears; also, lachrymal feelings or organs. [Colloq.]

People go to the theaters to have . . . their risibles andlachrymalsset agoing.

The Lutheran.

La*din" (?),n.A person speaking Ladin as a mother tongue.

La*di"no (?),n.; pl.- nos(&?;)1.The mixed Spanish and Hebrew language spoken by Sephardim.

2.A cunningly vicious horse. [Southeastern U. S.]

3.A ladin.

La"dy's cloth` (?) A kind of broadcloth of light weight, used for women's dresses, cloaks, etc.

Lag,n.The failing behind or retardation of one phenomenon with respect to another to which it is closely related; as, thelagof magnetization compared with the magnetizing force (hysteresis); thelagof the current in an alternating circuit behind the impressed electro-motive force which produced it.

{ La*gniappe (?), La*gnappe" (?) },n.[Etym. uncertain.] In Louisiana, a trifling present given to customers by tradesmen; a gratuity.

Lagniappe. . .is something thrown in, gratis, for good measure.

Mark Twain.

||Lag"thing (?),n.[Norw.lagting,lagthing;lagcompany, society (akin to E.law,lay) +ting,thing, parliament. See Thing.] See Legislatature, below.

Lak"er (?),n.One that is connected with a lake or lakes, as in habitation, toil, etc.:(a)One of the poets of the Lake school. SeeLake poets, under Lake,n.(b)(Zoöl.)A fish living in, or taken from, a lake, esp. the namaycush.(c)A lake steamer or canal boat.

The bridge tender . . . thought the Cowies "a little mite" longer than thatlaker.

The Century.

Lamb"kill` (?),n.(Bot.)A small American ericaceous shrub (Kalmia angustifolia); -- called alsocalfkill,sheepkill,sheep laurel, etc. It is supposed to poison sheep and other animals that eat it at times when the snow is deep and they cannot find other food.

||Land"drost` (?),n.; pl.- drosten(#). Sometimes incorrectly Landtrost. [D., fr.landland +drosta kind of official; akin to G.truchsess.] In Cape Colony:(a)A chief magistrate in rural districts. He was replaced in 1827 by "resident magistrates."(b)The president of the Heemraad.

Land League. In Ireland, a combination of tenant farmers and other, organized, with Charles Stewart Parnell as president, in 1879 with a view to the reduction of farm rents and a reconstruction of the land laws. -- Land"*lea`guer (#),n.-- Land"*lea`guism (#),n.

TheLand League, of which Machael Davitt was the founder, originated in Mayo in August, and at a Dublin in October the organization was extended to all Ireland, with Parnell as president.

Encyc. Brit.

Land of Steady Habits. Connecticut; -- a nickname alluding to the moral character of its inhabitants, implied by the rigid laws (see Blue laws) of the early period.

||Lands"thing` (?),n.[Dan.landsthing,landsting, fr.landland +thing,ting, parliament. See Land; Thing.](Denmark.)See Legislature, below.

||Land"storm` (?),n.[Sw.] See Varnpligtige.

||Land"sturm` (?),n.[G. See Land; Storm.] In Germany and other European nations, and Japan:(a)A general levy in time of war.(b)The forces called out on such levy, composed of all men liable to service who are not in the army, navy, or Landwehr; the last line of defense, supposed to be called out only in case of invasion or other grave emergency. See Army organization, above.

||Land"tag` (?),n.[G. See Land; Day.](Prussia.)See Legislasture, below.

Lar"ri*kin (?),n.[Cf. E. dial.larrikina mischievous or frolicsome youth,larricklively, careless,larackto trolic, to romp.] A rowdy street loafer; a rowdyish or noisy ill-bred fellow; -- variously applied, as to a street blackguard, a street Arab, a youth given to horse-play, etc. [Australia & Eng.] --a.Rowdy; rough; disorderly. [Australia & Eng.]

Mobs of unrulylarrikins.

Sydney Daily Telegraph.

Larrikinis often popularly explained by the following anecdote (which is without foundation): An Irish policeman at Melbourne, on bringing a notorious rough into court, was asked by the magistrate what the prisoner had been doing, and replied, "He wasa-larrikin'[i. e., a-larking] about the streets."

Lar"vate (?),a.[L.larvamask.] Masked; hence, concealed; obscure; -- applied in medicine to doubtful cases of some diseases; as,larvatepneumonis;larvateepilepsy.

Lar`yn*gec"to*my (?),n.[Larynx+ Gr. &?; to cut out.](Surg.)Excision of the larynx.

La*ryn"go*graph (?),n.[larynx+-graph.] An instrument for recording the larynx movements in speech.

{ La"ta, La"tah } (?),n.[Malay.] A convulsive tic or hysteric neurosis prevalent among Malays, similar to or identical with miryachit and jumping disease, the person affected performing various involuntary actions and making rapid inarticulate ejaculations in imitation of the actions and words of another person.

||La"ti*go (?),n.[Sp.látigo.] A strap for tightening a saddle girth. [Western U. S. & Sp. Amer.]

La"ti*go hal"ter (?). A kind of halter usually made of raw hide.

Lat"ter*day`,a.Belonging to present times or those recent by comparison.

||Laut"ver*schie`bung (?),n.; pl.-schiebungen(&?;). [G.;lautsound +verschiebungshifting.](Philol.)(a)The regular changes which the primitive Indo-European stops, or mute consonants, underwent in the Teutonic languages, probably as early as the 3d century b. c. , often called thefirst Lautverschiebung,sound shifting, orconsonant shifting.(b)A somewhat similar set of changes taking place in the High German dialects (less fully in modern literary German) from the 6th to the 8th century, known as thesecond Lautverschiebung, the result of which form the striking differences between High German and The Low German Languages. The statement of these changes is commonly regarded as forming part of Grimm's law, because included in it as originally framed.

{ La val`liere", or La`val`liere" } (?),n.A neck ornament consisting of a chain and single pendant, or drop.

Lay*ette" (?),n.[F.](Med.)The outfit of clothing, blankets, etc., prepared for a newborn infant, and placed ready for used.

Lay" read"er.(Eccl.)A layman authorized to read parts of the public service of the church.

{ Lay shaft, or Lay"shaft` } (?),n.(Mach.)A secondary shaft, as in a sliding change gear for an automobile; a cam shaft operated by a two- to-one gear in an internal-combustion engine. It is generally a shaft moving more or less independently of the other parts of a machine, as, in some marine engines, a shaft, driven by a small auxiliary engine, for independently operating the valves of the main engine to insure uniform motion.

{ ||Laz`a*ret" (?), Laz`a*ret"to (?) }n.(Naut.)(Pronounced by seamen &?;) A low space under the after part of the main deck, used as a storeroom.

Lazaret fever.(Med.)Typhus fever.

Lead (?),n.1.(Music.)(a)The announcement by one voice part of a theme to be repeated by the other parts.(b)A mark or a short passage in one voice part, as of a canon, serving as a cue for the entrance of others.

2.In an internal-combustion engine, the distance, measured in actual length of piston stroke or the corresponding angular displacement of the crank, of the piston from the end of the compression stroke when ignition takes place; -- called in fulllead of the ignition. When ignition takes place during the working stroke the corresponding distance from the commencement of the stroke is callednegative lead.

3.(Mach.)The excess above a right angle in the angle between two consecutive cranks, as of a compound engine, on the same shaft.

4.(Mach.)In spiral screw threads, worm wheels, or the like, the amount of advance of any point in the spiral for a complete turn.

5.(Elec.)(a)A conductor conveying electricity, as from a dynamo.(b)The angle between the line joining the brushes of a continuous-current dynamo and the diameter symmetrical between the poles.(c)The advance of the current phase in an alternating circuit beyond that of the electromotive force producing it.

6.(Theat.)A rôle for a leading man or leading woman; also, one who plays such a rôle.

Lead"ing edge (?).(Aëronautics)same as Advancing edge, above.

Leak (?),n.(Elec.)A loss of electricity through imperfect insulation; also, the point at which such loss occurs.

Leak"age (?),n.(Elec.)A leak; also; the quantity of electricity thus wasted.

{ Lee"an`gle, Li"an`gle } (?),n.[From native name.] A heavy weapon of the Australian aborigines with a sharp-pointed end, about nine inches in length, projecting at right angles from the main part.

Left,a.Situated so that the left side of the body is toward it; as, theleftside of a deliberative meeting is that to the left of the presiding officer; theleftwing of an army is that to the left of the center to one facing an enemy.

Leg,n.1.(Math.)Either side of a triangle of a triangle as distinguished from the base or, in a right triangle, from the hypotenuse; also, an indefinitely extending branch of a curve, as of a hyperbola.

2.(Telephony)A branch or lateral circuit connecting an instrument with the main line.

3.(Elec.)A branch circuit; one phase of a polyphase system.

Leg bridge. A type of bridge for small spans in which the floor girders are rigidly secured at their extremities to supporting steel legs, driven into the round as piling, or resting on mudsills.

Legislature,n.-- The legislatures of some of the more important states having constitutional government are as follows, the general name (or a translation of it) of the legislative body collectively being given under the headinglegislature,or parliament:

---------------------------------------------------------------- *In the self-governing colonies of Great Britain the legislative body usually consists of two chambers, the names of the legislature and the chambers varying. Thus in Australia the Federal Parliament is composed of the Senate and the House of Commons, in New Zealand the General Assembly is composed of the Legislative Council and the House of Representatives, etc.

#Members of the Storthing are chosen for three years by direct election by manhood suffrage, forty-one being elected from the towns and eighty-two from the rural districts. The Storthing on assembling divides into the Lagthing including one fourth and the Odelsthing including three fourths of the total membership of the Storthing. All new laws are laid first before the Odelsthing. If the two houses do not agree they vote in joint session, a majority of two thirds of those voting being necessary to a decision.

§ While theoretically general, the suffrage is so classified as often practically to disfranchise those who are not property holders.

Leg"-of-mut"ton (?),a.Having the general shape or outline of a leg of mutton; as, aleg-of- mutton, or shoulder-of-mutton, sail.

Le*nard" rays (?).(Physics.)Rays emanating from the outer surface of a plate composed of any material permeable by cathode rays, as aluminium, which forms a portion of a wall of a vacuum tube, or which is mounted within the tube and exposed to radiation from the cathode. Lenard rays are similar in all their known properties to cathode rays. So called from the German physicist Philipp Lenard (b. 1862), who first described them.

Lenard tube.(Elec.)A tube for producing Lenard rays.

Les"bi*an,a.Amatory; erotic; -- in allusion to the reputed sensuality of the Lesbian people and literature; as,Lesbiannovels.

Les"bi*an*ism (?),n.(Med.)Unnatural sexual relations between women.

Lesbian love. See Lesbianism.

||Les"ter (?),n.[Pg., prob. fr. Fr.l'estthe east.](Meteor.)A dry sirocco in the Madeira Islands.

Let"ter,n.(Teleg.)A telegram longer than an ordinary message sent at rates lower than the standard message rate in consideration of its being sent and delivered subject to priority in service of regular messages. Such telegrams are called by the Western Union Companyday, or night, lettersaccording to the time of sending, and by The Postal Telegraph Companyday, or night, lettergrams.

Let"ter*gram (?),n.See Letter, above.

||Le*ve"che (?),n.[Sp. Cf. Lebeccio.](Meteor.)A dry sirocco of Spain.

Le`vo*ro*ta"tion (?),n.[Written alsolævorotation.] [Levo-+rotation.](Physics & Chem.)Rotation in the direction of an outgoing right-handed screw; counter-clockwise rotation; -- applied chiefly to the turning of the plane of polarization of light.

Li`bel*lee" (?),n.(Law)(a)The party against whom a libel has been filed; -- corresponding todefendantin a common law action.(b)The defendant in an action of libel.

||Lie"der*kranz,n.[G. SeeLied, andGrants.](Mus.)Lit., wreath of songs; -- used as the title of a group of songs, and esp. as the common name for German vocal clubs of men.

Light"*struck`,a.(Photog.)Damaged by accidental exposure to light; light-fogged; -- said of plates or films.

Light"weight` (?),n.One of less than average weight; specif.:(a)In boxing, wrestling, etc., one weighingnot more than 133 pounds (U. S. amateur rules 135 pounds, Eng. 140 pounds).(b)A person of small impotance or mental ability. [Colloq., Chiefly U. S.]

Light"weight`,a.Light in weight, as a coin; specif., applied to a man or animal who is a lightweight.

Light year.(Astron.)The distance over which light can travel in a year's time; -- used as a unit in expressing stellar distances. It is more than 63,000 times as great as the distance from the earth to the sun.

Like,n.(Golf)The stroke which equalizes the number of strokes played by the opposing player or side; as, to play thelike.

||Li"kin`,n.[Written alsolekin.] [ Chin.li kin;lithe thousandth part of a tael +kinmoney.] A Chinese provincial tax levied at many inland stations upon imports or articles in transit.

"Likin," which used to be regarded as illegal, as one of the many, "squeezes" imposed by the mandarins, is, in Jamieson's opinion, just as legal as any other form of taxation.

A. R. Colquhoun.

Lil"y,n.(Auction Bridge)A royal spade; -- usually inpl.See Royal spade, below.

{Lim"burg cheese, Lim"burg*er,n., Lim"burg*er cheese} (?). A soft cheese made in the Belgian province of Limburg (Limbourg), and usually not eaten until the curing has developed a peculiar and, to most people, unpleasant odor.

Lime"light`,n.(Theat.)That part of the stage upon which the limelight as cast, usually where the most important action is progressing or where the leading player or players are placed and upon which the attention of the spectators is therefore concentrated. Hence, consspicuous position before the public; as, politicians who are never happy except in thelimelight.

Lim"er*ick (?),n.[Said to be from a song with the same verse construction, current in Ireland, the refrain of which contains the place nameLimerick.] A nonsense poem of five anapestic lines, of which lines 1, 2, and 5 are of there feet, and rime, and lines 3 and 4 are of two feet, and rime; as --

There was a young lady, Amanda,WhoseBallades Lyriqueswere quitefin deSiècle, I deemBut herJournal IntimeWas what sent her papa to Uganda.

Li`mou*sine" (?),n.[Cf. F.limousinea kind of cloak, fr.Limousin, an old province in central France.] An automobile body with seats and permanent top like a coupé, and with the top projecting over the driver and a projecting front; also, an automobile with such a body.

{ Line"-up`, Line"up` } (?),n.The formation of football players before the start or a restart of play; hence (Colloq.), any arrangement of persons (rarely, of things), esp. when having a common purpose or sentiment; as, theline-upat a ticket-office window; theline-upof political factions.

||Lin`ge*rie (?),n.[F.] Linen goods collectively; linen underwear, esp. of women; the clothing of linen and cotton with its lace, etc., worn by a women.

Lin"gua Fran"ca. Any hybrid or other language used over a wide area as a common or commercial tongue among peoples of different speech.

Link (?),n.[See Linch.]1.A hill or ridge, as a sand hill, or a wooded or turfy bank between cultivated fields, etc. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

2.A winding of a river; also, the ground along such a winding; a meander; -- usually inpl.[Scot.]

The windings or "links" of the Forth above and below Stirling are extremely tortuous.

Encyc. Brit.

3.pl.Sand hills with the surrounding level or undulating land, such as occur along the seashore, a river bank, etc. [Scot.]

Golf may be played on any park or common, but its original home is the "links" or common land which is found by the seashore, where the short close tuft, the sandy subsoil, and the many natural obstacles in the shape of bents, whins, sand holes, and banks, supply the conditions which are easential to the proper pursuit of the game.

Encyc. of Sport.

4.pl.Hence, any such piece of ground where golf is played.

Links (?),n.[The pl. form of Link, but often construed as a sing.] A tract of ground laid out for the game of golf; a golfing green.

A secondlinkshas recently been opened at Prestwick, and another at Troon, on the same coast.

P. P. Alexander.

Lin"o*type (?),n.[See Line ; Type.](Print.)(a)A kind of typesetting machine which produces castings, each of which corresponds to a line of separate types. By pressing upon keys like those of a typewriter the matrices for one line are properly arranged; the stereotype, or slug, is then cast and planed, and the matrices are returned to their proper places, the whole process being automatic.(b)The slug produced by the machine, or matter composed in such lines. -- Lin"o*typ`ist (#),n.

Li"on,n.--Lion of Lucerne, a famous sculptured lion at Lucerne, Switzerland, designed by Thorwaldsen and dedicated in 1821 as a memorial to the Swiss Guards who fell defending Louis XVI. in the attack of the mob on the Tuileries, Aug. 10, 1792. The animal, which is hewn out of the face of a rock, is represented as transfixed with a broken spear and dying, but still trying to protect with its paw a shield bearing the fleur-de-lis of France. --Lion of St. Mark, a winged lion, the emblem of the evangelist Mark, especially that of bronze surmounting a granite column in the Piazzetta at Venice, and holding in its fore paws an open book representing St. Mark's Gospel. --Lion of the North, Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632), King of Sweden, the hero of the Protestant faith in the Thirty Years' War.

Liq"uid air.(Physics)A transparent limpid liquid, slightly blue in color, consisting of a mixture of liquefied oxygen and nitrogen. It is prepared by subjecting air to great pressure and then cooling it by its own expansion to a temperature below the boiling point of its constituents (N -194° C; O - 183° C.).

List (?),v. t.1.To plow and plant with a lister.

2.In cotton culture, to prepare, as land, for the crop by making alternating beds and alleys with the hoe. [Southern U. S.]

List"er (?),n.[Cf. List a strip, border, prob. applied to the furrow or the ridge of earth along the furrow.] A double-moldboard plow which throws a deep furrow, and at the same time plants and covers grain in the bottom of the furrow.

Lis"ter*ize (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.-ized (?);p. pr. & vb. n.-izing (?).](Med.)To make antiseptic.

Li"tchi` (?),n.(Bot.)A genus of East Indian sapindaceous trees consisting of a single species (Litchi Chinensis, syn.Nephelium Litchi) which bears the litchi nut.

Lith"o*phane (?),n.[Litho-+ Gr. &?; to show, reveal.] Porcelain impressed with figures which are made distinct by transmitted light, as in a lamp shade. -- Lith`o*phan"ic (#),a.-- Li*thoph"a*ny (#),n.

Lith"o*sphere (?),n.[Litho-+sphere.](Phys. Geog.)(a)The solid earth as distinguished from its fluid envelopes, the hydrosphere and atmosphere.(b)The outer part of the solid earth, the portion undergoing change through the gradual transfer of material by volcanic eruption, the circulation of underground water, and the process of erosion and deposition. It is, therefore, regarded as a third mobile envelope comparable with the hydrosphere and atmosphere.

Lith"o*type (?),n.1.An etched stone surface for printing, having the design in relief; also, the process of printing from such a surface, or that which is printed from it.

2.A machine, with a keyboard like that of a typewriter, for making a lithographic transfer sheet. It produces a perforated strip of paper which controls the printing.

Lit"tle,a.--Little Englander, an Englishman opposed to territorial expansion of the British Empire. See Antiimperialism, above. Hence:Little Englandism. --Little-neck clam, orLittle neck(Zoöl.), the quahog, or round clam. --Little peach, a disease of peaches in which the fruit is much dwarfed, and the leaves grow small and thin. The cause is not known. --Little Rhod"y(&?;), Rhode Island; -- a nickname alluding to its small size. It is the smallest State of the United States. --Little Sisters of the Poor(R. C. Ch.), an order of women who care for old men and women and infirm poor, for whom special houses are built. It was established at St. Servan, Britany, France, in 1840, by the Abbé Le Pailleur. --Little slam(Bridge Whist), the winning of 12 out of the 13 tricks. It counts 20 points on the honor score.

Liv"ing pic"ture. A tableau in which persons take part; also, specif., such a tableau as imitating a work of art.

Lob (?),n.The act of lobbing; specif., an (often gentle) stroke which sends a ball up into the air, as in tennis to avoid a player at the net.

Lob"ster,n.As a term of opprobrium or contempt: A gullible, awkward, bungling, or undesirable person. [Slang]

Lo"co (?),n.(Bot.)Any one of various leguminous plants or weeds besidesAstragalus, whose herbage is poisonous to cattle, asSpiesia Lambertii, syn.Oxytropis Lambertii.

Lo"co,v. t.[imp. & p. p.Locoed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Locoing.] To poison with loco; to affect with the loco disease; hence (Colloq.), to render insane or mad. "Thelocoednovelist."W. D. Howells.

Lo"co,n.A locomotive. [Colloq.]Kipling.

Loco disease.(Veter.)A chronic nervous affection of cattle, horses, and sheep, caused by eating the loco weed and characterized by a slow, measured gait, high step, glassy eyes with defective vision, delirium, and gradual emaciation.

Loft (?),n.(Golf)Pitch or slope of the face of a club (tending to drive the ball upward).

Loft,v. t.To make or furnish with a loft; to cause to have loft; as, aloftedhouse; aloftedgolf-club head.

A wooden club with aloftedface.

Encyc. of Sport.

Loft,v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Lofted;p. pr. & vb. n.Lofting.] To raise aloft; to send into the air; esp.(Golf), to strike (the ball) so that it will go over an obstacle.

Loft"er (?),n.(Golf)An iron club used in lofting the ball; -- called alsolofting iron.

Loft"ing iron.(Golf)Same as Lofter.

Lon"don smoke. A neutral tint given to spectacles, shade glasses for optical instruments, etc., which reduces the intensity without materially changing the color of the transmitted light.

London tuft.(Bot.)The Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus).

Lone-Star State. Texas; -- a nickname alluding to the single star on its coat of arms, being the device used on its flag and seal when it was a republic.

Long,a.(Finance & Com.)Having a supply of stocks or goods; prepared for, or depending for a profit upon, advance in prices; as,longof cotton. Hence, the phrases:to be, orgo,long of the market,to be on the long side of the market, to hold products or securities for a rise in price, esp. when bought on a margin.

{ Lo*ret"o (?), or Lo*ret"to (?), nuns }. [FromLoreto, a city in Italy famous for its Holy House, said to be that in which Jesus lived, brought by angels from Nazareth.](R. C. Ch.)Members of a congregation of nuns founded by Mrs. Mary Teresa Ball, near Dublin, Ireland, in 1822, and now spread over Ireland, India, Canada, and the United States. The nuns are called alsoLadies of Loreto. They are engaged in teaching girls.

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