Raf"fi*a palm (?).(a)A pinnate- leaved palm (Raphia ruffia) native of Madagascar, and of considerable economic importance on account of the strong fiber (raffia) obtained from its leafstalks.(b)The jupati palm.
Raf"fle (?),n.[See Raff,n.&v., and Raffle.] Refuse; rubbish; raff.
Rag,v. t.1.(Music)To play or compose (a piece, melody, etc.) in syncopated time. [Colloq.]
2.To dance to ragtime music, esp. in some manner considered indecorous. [Colloq. or Slang]
{ Rag"na*rok" (?), ||Rag"na*rök" (?) },n.[Icel., fr.regin,rögn, gods +rökreason, origin, history; confused withragna- rökrthe twilight of the gods.](Norse Myth.)The so-called "Twilight of the Gods" (called in GermanGötterdämmerung), the final destruction of the world in the great conflict between the Æsir (gods) on the one hand, and on the other, the gaints and the powers of Hel under the leadership of Loki (who is escaped from bondage).
Rag"time`,n.(Mus.)Time characterized by syncopation, as in many negro melodies. [Colloq.]
Raif"fei`sen (?),a.(Economics)Designating, or pertaining to, a form of coöperative bank founded among the German agrarian population by Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen (1818-88); as,Raiffeisenbanks, theRaiffeisensystem, etc. The banks are unlimited-liability institutions making small loans at a low rate of interest, for a designated purpose, to worthy members only.
Rail,n.A railroad as a means of transportation; as, to go byrail; a place not accesible byrail.
Rail"road`,v. t.To carry or send by railroad; usually fig., to send or put through at high speed or in great haste; to hurry or rush unduly; as, torailroada bill through Condress. [Colloq., U. S.]
{ ||Ra`ki", ||Ra`kee" } (?),n.[Turk.rkarrack.] A kind of ardent spirits used in southern Europe and the East, distilled from grape juice, grain, etc.
||Ral"liés" (?),n. pl.[F., p. p. pl. See Rally,v. t.] A French political group, also known as the Constitutional Right from its position in the Chambers, mainly monarchists who rallied to the support of the Republic in obedience to the encyclical put forth by Pope Leo XIII. in Feb., 1892.
Ram"e*kin,n.= Ramequin.
Ram"e*quin (?),n.[F.] The porcelian or earthen mold in which ramequins are baked and served, by extension, any dish so used.
Ram"til (?),n.[Bengaliram- til.] A tropical African asteraceous shrub (Guizotia abyssinica) cultivated for its seeds (calledramtil, or niger,seeds) which yield a valuable oil used for food and as an illuminant.
||Ran`che*ri"a (?),n.[Sp.rancheria.]1.A dwelling place of a ranchero.
2.A small settlement or collection of ranchos, or rude huts, esp. for Indians. [Sp. Amer. & Southern U. S.]
3.Formerly, in the Philippines, a political division of the pagan tribes.
Rand (?),n.[D.] (D. pron.&?;) Rim; egde; border. [South Africa]
The Rand, a rocky gold-bearing ridge in South Africa, about thirty miles long, on which Johannesburg is situated; also, the gold-mining district including this ridge.
Ran"gy (?),a.[From Range,v. i.] Inclined or able to range, or rove about, for considerable distances; apt or suited for much roving, -- chiefly used of cattle.
{ Rap"id-fire`, Rap"id-fir`ing },a.(a)(Gun.)Firing shots in rapid succession.(b)(Ordnance)Capable of being fired rapidly; -- applied to single-barreled guns of greater caliber than small arms, mounted so as to be quickly trained and elevated, with a quick-acting breech mechanism operated by a single motion of a crank or lever (abbr.R. F.); specif.: (1) In the United States navy, designating such a gun using fixed ammunition or metallic cartridge cases; -- distinguished frombreech-loading(abbr.B. L.), applied to all guns loading with the charge in bags, and formerly fromquick-fire.Rapid-fireguns in the navy also sometimes include automatic or semiautomatic rapid-fire guns; the former being automatic guns of not less than one inch caliber, firing a shell of not less than one pound weight, the explosion of each cartridge operating the mechanism for ejecting the empty shell, loading, and firing the next shot, the latter being guns that require one operation of the hand at each discharge, to load the gun. (2) In the United States army, designating such a gun, whether using fixed or separate ammunition, designed chiefly for use in coast batteries against torpedo vessels and the lightly armored batteries or other war vessels and for the protection of defensive mine fields; -- not distinguished fromquick-fire. (3) In Great Britain and Europe used, rarely, as synonymous withquick-fire.
Rapid-fire mount.(Ordnance)A mount permitting easy and quick elevation or depression and training of the gun, and fitting with a device for taking up the recoil.
||Rap`proche`ment" (?),n.[F., fr.rapprocherto cause to approach again. See Re-; Approach.] Act or fact of coming or being drawn near or together; establishment or state of cordial relations.
He had witnessed the gradualrapprochementbetween the papacy and Austria.
He had witnessed the gradualrapprochementbetween the papacy and Austria.
Wilfrid Ward.
||Ras*kol"nik (?),n.; pl.Raskolniki(#) orRaskolniks(#). [Russ.raskol'nikdissenter, fr.raskoldissent.] The name applied by the Russian government to any subject of the Greek faith who dissents from the established church. TheRaskolnikiembrace many sects, whose common characteristic is a clinging to antique traditions, habits, and customs. The schism originated in 1667 in an ecclesiastical dispute as to the correctness of the translation of the religious books. The dissenters, who have been continually persecuted, are believed to number about 20,000,000, although the Holy Synod officially puts the number at about 2,000,000. They are officially divided into three groups according to the degree of their variance from orthodox beliefs and observances, as follows: I. "Most obnoxious." theJudaizers; theMolokane, who refuse to recognize civil authority or to take oaths; theDukhobortsy, orDukhobors, who are communistic, marry without ceremony, and believe that Christ was human, but that his soul reappears at intervals in living men; theKhlysty, who countenance anthropolatory, are ascetics, practice continual self- flagellation, and reject marriage; theSkoptsy, who practice castration; and a section of theBezpopovtsy, or priestless sect, which disbelieve in prayers for the Czar and in marriage. II. "Obnoxious:" theBezpopovtsy, who pray for the Czar and recognize marriage. III. "Least obnoxious:" thePopovtsy, who dissent from the orthodox church in minor points only.
||Raths"kel`ler (räts"kl*lr),n.[G., alsoratskeller, prop., town-hall cellar.] Orig., in Germany, the cellar or basement of the city hall, usually rented for use as a restaurant where beer is sold; hence, a beer saloon of the German type below the street level, where, usually, drinks are served only at tables and simple food may also be had; -- sometimes loosely used, in English, of what are essentially basement restaurants where liquors are served.
Re*act"ance (?),n.[React+-ance.](Elec.)The influence of a coil of wire upon an alternating current passing through it, tending to choke or diminish the current, or the similar influence of a condenser; inductive resistance. Reactance is measured in ohms. The reactance of a circuit is equal to the component of the impressed electro-motive force at right angles to the current divided by the current, that is, the component of the impedance due to the self-inductance or capacity of the circuit.
Reactance coil(Elec.)A choking coil.
Re*ac"tion,n.(Psycophysics)A regular or characteristic response to a stimulation of the nerves.
Re*act"or,n.(Elec.)A choking coil.
||Re*bo"zo (?),n.[Sp.rebozo.] A kind of mantilla worn by women over the head and shoulders, and sometimes over part of the face. [Mexico & Sp. Amer.]
Re*call",n.(Political Science)(a)The right or procedure by which a public official, commonly a legislative or executive official, may be removed from office, before the end of his term of office, by a vote of the people to be taken on the filing of a petition signed by a required number or percentage of qualified voters.(b)Short forrecall of judicial decisions, the right or procedure by which the decision of a court may be directly reversed or annulled by popular vote, as was advocated, in 1912, in the platform of the Progressive party for certain cases involving the police power of the state.
Re*ceiv"er,n.(Firearms)In portable breech-loading firearms, the steel frame screwed to the breech end of the barrel, which receives the bolt or block, gives means of securing for firing, facilitates loading, and holds the ejector, cut-off, etc.
Re*ceiv"er's cer*tif"i*cate (?). An acknowledgement of indebtedness made by a receiver under order of court to obtain funds for the preservation of the assets held by him, as for operating a railroad. Receivers' certificates are ordinarily a first lien on the assets, prior to that of bonds or other securities.
||Ré`chauf`fé" (?),n.[F., orig. p.p. ofréchauffer8warm over. See Chafe,v. t.] A dish of food that has been warmed again, hence, fig., something made up from old material; a rehash.
It is merely aréchaufféof ancient philosophies.
It is merely aréchaufféof ancient philosophies.
F. W. H. Myers.
Re*cid"i*vism (?),n.The state or quality of being recidivous; relapse, specif.(Criminology), a falling back or relapse into prior criminal habits, esp. after conviction and punishment.
The old English system of recognizances, in which the guilty party deposits a sum of money, is an excellent guarantee to society againstrecidivism.
The old English system of recognizances, in which the guilty party deposits a sum of money, is an excellent guarantee to society againstrecidivism.
Havelock Ellis.
Re*cid"i*vist (?),n.One who is recidivous or is characterized by recidivism; an incorrigible criminal. -- Re*cid`i*vis"tic (#),a.
The criminal by passion never becomes arecidivist, it is the social, not the antisocial, instincts that are strong within him, his crime is a solitary event in his life.
The criminal by passion never becomes arecidivist, it is the social, not the antisocial, instincts that are strong within him, his crime is a solitary event in his life.
Havelock Ellis.
||Re*con`cen*tra"do (?),n.[Sp., p.p. ofreconcentrarto inclose, to reconcentrate.] Lit., one who has been reconcentrated; specif., in Cuba, the Philippines, etc., during the revolution of 1895-98, one of the rural noncombatants who were concentrated by the military authorities in areas surrounding the fortified towns, and later were reconcentrated in the smaller limits of the towns themselves.
Re`con*cen"trate (?),v. t. & i.To concentrate again; to concentrate thoroughly.
Re*con`cen*tra"tion (?),n.The act of reconcentrating or the state of being reconcentrated; esp., the act or policy of concentrating the rural population in or about towns and villages for convenience in political or military administration, as in Cuba during the revolution of 1895-98.
Re*cov"er*y,n.1.Act of regaining the natural position after curtseying.
2.(Fencing, Sparring, etc.)Act of regaining the position of guard after making an attack.
Re`cru*desce" (?),v. i.[See Recrudescent.] To be in a state of recrudescence; esp., to come into renewed freshness, vigor, or activity; to revive.
The general influence . . . which is liable every now and then torecrudescein his absence.
The general influence . . . which is liable every now and then torecrudescein his absence.
Edmund Gurney.
Red Cross.1.The crusaders or the cause they represented.
2.A hospital or ambulance service established as a result of, though not provided for by, the Geneva convention of 1864; any of the national societies for alleviating the sufferings of the sick and wounded war, also giving aid and relief during great calamities; also, a member or worker of such a society; - - so called from the badge of neutrality; the Geneva cross.
{ Red dog, or Red`-dog" flour }. The lowest grade of flour in milling. It is dark and of little expansive power, is secured largely from the germ or embryo and adjacent parts, and contains a relatively high percentage of protein. It is chiefly useful as feed for farm animals.
Re`de*vel"op (?),v. t. & i.To develop again; specif.(Photog.), to intensify (a developed image), as by bleaching with mercuric chloride and subsequently subjecting anew to a developing agent. -- Re`de*vel"op*er (#),n.-- Re`de*vel"op*ment (#),n.
||Re*dif" (?),n.[Turk.redf, fr.radf, orig., he who rides behind another on the same beast, fr.radafto follow.] A reserve force in the Turkish army, or a soldier of the reserve. See Army organization, above.
||Red`i*vi"vus (?),a.[L., fr. pref.red-,re-, re- +vivusalive.] Living again; revived; restored.
Red-light district. A district or neighborhood in which disorderly resorts are frequent; -- so called in allusion to the red light kept in front of many such resorts at night. [Colloq. or Cant]
Re*duc"er (?),n.1.(Mach.)(a)A contrivance for reducing the dimensions of one part so as to fit it to another, as a reducing coupling, or a device for holding a drilling a chuck.(b)A reducing motion.(c)A reducing valve.(d)A hydraulic device for reducing pressure and hence increasing movement, used to transmit the load from the hydraulic support of the lower shackle to the lever weighing apparatus in some kinds of heavy testing machines.
2.(Photog.)A reducing agent, either a developer or an agent for reducing density.
Reënforced concrete. Concrete having within its mass a system of strengthening iron or steel supports. = Ferro- concrete.
||Re*fait" (?),n.[F.](Card Playing)A drawn game; specif.(Trente et quarante), a state of the game in which the aggregate pip value of cards dealt to red equals that of those dealt to black. All bets are then off; unless the value is 31, in which case the banker wins half the stakes.
Ref`er*en"dum (?),n.; pl.- da(#). [Gerundive fr. L.referre. See Refer.] The principle or practice of referring measures passed upon by the legislative body to the body of voters, or electorate, for approval or rejection, as in the Swiss cantons (except Freiburg) and in various local governments in the United States, and also in the local option laws, etc.; also, the right to so approve or reject laws, or the vote by which this is done.Referendumis distinguished from themandate, or instruction of representatives by the people, fromdirect governmentby the people, in which they initiate and make the laws by direct action without representation, and from aplebiscite, or popular vote taken on any measure proposed by a person or body having the initiative but not constituting a representative or constituent body.
||Re*flet" (re*fl"),n.[F., reflection. See Reflect.] Luster; special brilliancy of surface; -- used esp. in ceramics to denote the peculiar metallic brilliancy seen in lustered pottery such as majolica; as, silverreflet; goldreflet.
Re*for"est (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Reforested (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Reforesting.] To replant with trees; to reafforest; to reforestize.
Re"gent di"a*mond. A famous diamond of fine quality, which weighs about 137 carats and is among the state jewels of France. It is so called from the Duke of Orleans, Regent of France, to whom it was sold in 1717 by Pitt the English Governor of Madras (whence also called thePitt diamond), who bought it of an Indian merchant in 1701.
||Re`gi*dor" (?),n.; pl.- dores(#). [Sp., fr.regirto rule, L.regere.] One of a body of officers charged with the government of Spanish municipalities, corresponding to the English alderman.
||Ré`gie" (?),n.[F.]1.Direct management of public finance or public works by agents of the government for government account; -- opposed to thecontract system.
2.Specif.: The system of collecting taxes by officials who have either no interest or a very small interest in the proceeds, as distinguished from the ancient system of farming them out.
3.Any kind of government monopoly (tobacco, salt, etc.) used chiefly as a means of taxation. Such monopolies are largely employed in Austria, Italy, France, and Spain.
Reg"i*ment,v. t.To form into classified units or bodies; to systematize according to classes, districts or the like.
The people are organized orregimentedinto bodies, and special functions are relegated to the several units.
The people are organized orregimentedinto bodies, and special functions are relegated to the several units.
J. W. Powell.
Reg"is*ter (?),v. t.(Securities)To enter the name of the owner of (a share of stock, a bond, or other security) in a register, or record book. A registered security is transferable only on the written assignment of the owner of record and on surrender of his bond, stock certificate, or the like.
||Reichs"tag` (?),n.The national representative body of Hungary, consisting of a House of Magnates (including archdukes, peers, high officials of the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Protestant Churches, and certain other dignitaries) and a House of Representatives (in 1912 consisting of 453 members). See Legislative, Diet.
Re*ju"ve*na`ted (?),p. a.from Rejuvenate.1.Rendered young again; as,rejuvenatedlife.
2.(Phys. Geog.)(a)Stimulated by uplift to renewed erosive activity; -- said of streams.(b)Developed with steep slopes inside a district previously worn down nearly to base level; -- said of topography, or features of topography, as valleys, hills, etc.
Re*lay",a.(Mach.)Relating to, or having the characteristics of, an auxiliary apparatus put into action by a feeble force but itself capable of exerting greater force, used to control a comparatively powerful machine or appliance.[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Relay cylinder. In a variable expansion central-valve engine, a small auxiliary engine for automatically adjusting the steam distribution to the load on the main engine.[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Relay governor. A speed regulator, as a water-wheel governor, embodying the relay principle.[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Re*lease",n.1.(Mach.)A device adapted to hold or release a device or mechanism as required; specif.:(Elec.)A catch on a motor-starting rheostat, which automatically releases the rheostat arm and so stops the motor in case of a break in the field circuit; also, the catch on an electromagnetic circuit breaker for a motor, which acts in case of an overload.
2.(Phon.)The act or manner of ending a sound.
3.(Railroads)In the block-signaling system, a printed card conveying information and instructions to be used at intermediate sidings without telegraphic stations.
Re*luc"tance,n.(Elec.)Magnetic resistance, being equal to the ratio of magnetomotive force to magnetic flux.
Rel`uc*tiv"i*ty (?),n.(Elec.)Specific reluctance.
Re*marque" (?),n.Also Remark.(Engraving)(a)A small design etched on the margin of a plate and supposed to be removed after the earliest proofs have been taken; also, any feature distinguishing a particular stage of the plate.(b)A print or proof so distinguished; -- commonly called aRemarque proof.
Re*mise" (?),n.1.A house for covered carriages; a chaise house.Sterne.
2.A livery carriage of a kind superior to an ordinary fiacre; -- so called because kept in a remise.Cooper.
{ ||Ré`mo`lade" (?), ||Ré`mou`lade" (?) },n.[F.] An ointment used in farriery.
Rent (?),n.(Polit. Econ.)(a)That portion of the produce of the earth paid to the landlord for the use of the "original and indestructible powers of the soil;" the excess of the return from a given piece of cultivated land over that from land of equal area at the "margin of cultivation." Called alsoeconomic, or Ricardian, rent. Economic rent is due partly to differences of productivity, but chiefly to advantages of location; it is equivalent to ordinary or commercial rent less interest on improvements, and nearly equivalent toground rent.(b)Loosely, a return or profit from a differential advantage for production, as in case of income or earnings due to rare natural gifts creating a natural monopoly.
||Re*pous`sage" (?),n.[F. See Repoussé.](Art)Art or process of hammering out or pressing thin metal from the reverse side: (1) in producing repoussé work; (2) in leveling up any part of an etched plate that has been worked so as to cause a depression.
Re`pro*duc"er (?),n.1.In a phonograph, a device containing a sounding diaphragm and the needle or stylus that traverses the moving record, for reproducing the sound.
2.In a manograph, a device for reproducing the engine stroke on a reduced scale.
||Ré`seau" (?),n.[F.] A network; specif.:(a)(Astron.)A system of lines forming small squares of standard size, which is photographed, by a separate exposure, on the same plate with star images to facilitate measurements, detect changes of the film, etc.(b)In lace, a ground or foundation of regular meshes, like network.
Re*serve",n.1.(Finance)(a)That part of the assets of a bank or other financial institution specially kept in cash in a more or less liquid form as a reasonable provision for meeting all demands which may be made upon it; specif.:(b)(Banking)Usually, the uninvested cash kept on hand for this purpose, called thereal reserve. In Great Britain the ultimatereal reserveis the gold kept on hand in the Bank of England, largely represented by the notes in hand in its own banking department; and any balance which a bank has with the Bank of England is a part of itsreserve. In the United States the reserve of a national bank consists of the amount of lawful money it holds on hand against deposits, which is required by law to be not less than 15 per cent (U. S. Rev. Stat. secs. 5191, 5192), three fifths of which the banks not in a reserve city (which see) may keep deposited as balances in national banks that are in reserve cities (U. S. Rev. Stat. sec. 5192).(c)(Life Insurance)The amount of funds or assets necessary for a company to have at any given time to enable it, with interest and premiums paid as they shall accure, to meet all claims on the insurance then in force as they would mature according to the particular mortality table accepted. The reserve is always reckoned as a liability, and is calculated on net premiums. It is theoretically the difference between the present value of the total insurance and the present value of the future premiums on the insurance. The reserve, being an amount for which another company could, theoretically, afford to take over the insurance, is sometimes called thereinsurance fundor theself-insurance fund. For the first year upon any policy the net premium is called theinitial reserve, and the balance left at the end of the year including interest is theterminal reserve. For subsequent years theinitial reserveis the net premium, if any, plus the terminal reserve of the previous year. The portion of the reserve to be absorbed from the initial reserve in any year in payment of losses is sometimes called theinsurance reserve, and the terminal reserve is then called theinvestment reserve.
2.In exhibitions, a distinction which indicates that the recipient will get a prize if another should be disqualified.
3.(Calico Printing)A resist.
4.A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.
5.See Army organization, above.
Reserve city.(Banking)In the national banking system of the United States, any of certain cities in which the national banks are required (U. S. Rev. Stat. sec. 5191) to keep a larger reserve (25 per cent) than the minimum (15 per cent) required of all other banks. The banks in certain of the reserve cities (specifically calledcentral reserve cities) are required to keep their reserve on hand in cash; banks in other reserve cities may keep half of their reserve as deposits in these banks (U. S. Rev. Stat. sec. 5195).
||Re`si*den"cia (?),n.[Sp.] In Spanish countries, a court or trial held, sometimes as long as six months, by a newly elected official, as the governor of a province, to examine into the conduct of a predecessor.
Re*sist",n.(Technical)Something that resists or prevents a certain action; specif.: A substance applied to a surface, as of metal, to prevent the action on it of acid or other chemical agent.
Re*sist"ance frame`.(Elec.)A rheostat consisting of an open frame on which are stretched spirals of wire. Being freely exposed to the air, they radiate heat rapidly.
Res"o*nance,n.An electric phenomenon corresponding to that of acoustic resonance, due to the existance of certain relations of the capacity, inductance, resistance, and frequency of an alternating circuit.
Res"o*nant,a.(Elec.)Adjusted as to dimensions (as an electric circuit) so that currents or electric surgings are produced by the passage of electric waves of a given frequency.
Res"o*na`tor (?),n.[NL. & G.] Anything that resounds or resonates; specif.:(a)(Teleg.)An open box for containing a sounder and designed to concentrate and amplify the sound.(b)(Elec.)Any of various apparatus for exhibiting or utilizing the effects of resonance in connection with open circuits, as a device having an oscillating circuit which includes a helix of bare copper wire, a variable number of coils of which can be connected in circuit with a condenser and spark gap excited with an induction coil. It is used to create high-frequency electric brush discharges.(c)(Wireless Teleg.)The antenna system and other high-frequency circuits of a receiving apparatus.
Re*sorp"tion (r*sôrp"shn),n.(Petrography)The redissolving wholly or in part, in the molten magma of an igneous rock, of crystals previously formed. The dissolved material may again solidify, giving rise to a mass of small crystals, usually of a different kind.
||Res"sal*dar (rs"sal*där),n.[Hind.risldr, fr.risltroop of horse + Per.drholding.](Mil.)In the Anglo-Indian army, a native commander of a ressala.
Rest cure.(Med.)Treatment of severe nervous disorder, as neurasthenia, by rest and isolation with systematic feeding and the use of massage and electricity.
Re*tard"er (r*tär"dr),n.1.(Steam Boiler)Any of various devices, as a helix of flat metal strip, introduced into a boiler tube to increase the heating effect of the fire.
2.(Photog.)A substance, as potassium bromide, added to a developer to retard its action.
||Re*trous`sé" (?),a.[F., p.p. ofretrousserto turn up.] Turned up; -- said of a pug nose.
||Re*vers" (?),n.sing & pl.[F. See Reverse,n.](Dressmaking, Tailoring, etc.)A part turned or folded back so as to show the inside, or a piece put on in imitation of such a part, as the lapel of a coat.
||Rez`-de-chaus`sée" (?),n.[F., lit., level of the street. See Raze,v. t., and Causey.](Arch.)The ground story of a building, either on a level with the street or raised slightly above it; -- said esp. of buildings on the continent of Europe.
Tier above tier of neat apartments rise over the little shops which form therez-de-chaussée.
Tier above tier of neat apartments rise over the little shops which form therez-de-chaussée.
The Century.
Rhe"o*crat (?),n.[Gr. "rei^n to flow + kratei^n to rule.](Elec.)A kind of motor speed controller permitting of very gradual variation in speed and of reverse. It is especially suitable for use with motor driven machine tools.
||Ri*dot"to (?),n.[See Redoubt.](Music)An arrangement or abridgment of a piece from the full score.
||Ri*fa`ci*men"to (?),n.; pl.Rifacimenti(#). [It.] A remaking or recasting; an adaptation, esp. of a literary work or musical composition.
Rif"fle (?),n.[Cf. Riffle a trough.] A ripple in a stream or current of water; also, a place where the water ripples, as on a shallow rapid. [Local, U. S.]
The bass have left the cool depth beside the rock and are on theriffleor just below it.
The bass have left the cool depth beside the rock and are on theriffleor just below it.
James A. Henshall.
Rig"ger,n.(Painting)A long slender, and pointed sable brush for making fine lines, etc.; -- said to be so called from its use by marine painters for drawing the lines of the rigging.
Rig`o*lette" (?),n.[Prob. fr.Rigolette, name of a girl in Eugene Sue's novel "Mystères de Paris."] A woman's light scarflike head covering, usually knit or crocheted of wool.
Rig"or*ism (?),n.[Cf. F.rigorisme.](Ethics)Strictness in ethical principles; -- usually applied to ascetic ethics, and opposed to ethicallatitudinarianism.
||Rigs"dag (?),n.[Dan. Cf. Reichstag.] See Legislature,Denmark.
Rim"-fire` (?),a.Having the percussion fulminate in a rim surrounding the base, distinguished fromcenter-fire; -- said of cartridges; also, using rim-fire cartridges; as, arim-firegun. Such cartridges are now little used.
||Rin*con" (?),n.; pl.Rincones(#). [Sp.rincón.] An interior corner; a nook; hence, an angular recess or hollow bend in a mountain, river, cliff, or the like. [Western & Southern U. S.]D. S. Jordan.
Ring armature.(Elec.)An armature for a dynamo or motor having the conductors wound on a ring.
Ring winding.(Elec.)Armature winding in which the wire is wound round the outer and inner surfaces alternately of an annular or cylindrical core.
Rip cord.(Aëronautics)A cord by which the gas bag of a balloon may be ripped open for a limited distance to release the gas quickly and so cause immediate descent.
{ Rip"per act or bill }. An act or a bill conferring upon a chief executive, as a governor or mayor, large powers of appointment and removal of heads of departments or other subordinate officials. [Polit. Cant, U. S.]
Rip"ping cord.(Aëronautics)= Rip cord.
Ripping panel.(Aëronautics)A long patch, on a balloon, to be ripped off, by the rip cord, at landing, in order to allow the immediate escape of gas and instant deflation of the bag.
Ripping strip. = Ripping panel.
Rise (?),v. t.[See Rise,v. i.]1.To go up; to ascend; to climb; as, torisea hill.
2.To cause to rise; as, torisea fish, or cause it to come to the surface of the water; torisea ship, or bring it above the horizon by approaching it; to raise.
Until werosethe bark we could not pretend to call it a chase.
Until werosethe bark we could not pretend to call it a chase.
W. C. Russell.
{ ||Ris`qué",a. masc., ||Ris`quée",a. fem.}, (&?;). [F., p.p. ofrisquerto risk.] Hazardous; risky; esp., fig., verging upon impropriety; dangerously close to, or suggestive of, what is indecent or of doubtful morality; as, arisquéstory.Henry Austin.
||Ri`vière" (?),n.[F.] A necklace of diamonds or other precious stones, esp. one of several strings.
Roar"ing for"ties (?).(Naut.)The middle latitudes of the southern hemisphere. So called from the boisterous and prevailing westerly winds, which are especially strong in the South Indian Ocean up to 50° S.
Rob"a*lo (?),n.[Sp.róbalo.] Any of several pikelike marine fishes of the West Indies and tropical America constituting the family Oxylabracidæ, esp. the largest species (Oxylabrax, syn. Centropomus, undecimalis), a valuable food fish called alsosnook, the smaller species being called Rob`a*li"to (&?;).
||Ro"ble (?),n.[Sp., oak.](Bot.)The California white oak (Quercus lobata).
||Ro`caille" (?),n.[F. Cf. Rock a stone.](Art)(a)Artificial rockwork made of rough stones and cement, as for gardens.(b)The rococo system of scroll ornament, based in part on the forms of shells and water-worn rocks.
Roe, Richard.(Law)A fictious name for a party, real or fictious, to an act or proceeding. Other names were formerly similarly used, asJohn-a-Nokes,John o', orof the,Nokes, orNoakes,John-a-Stiles, etc.
Rog"er (?),n.[From a proper nameRoger.] A black flag with white skull and crossbones, formerly used by pirates; -- called alsoJolly Roger.
Roll"er bear"ing.(Mach.)A bearing containing friction rollers.
Roller coaster. An amusement railroad in which cars coast by gravity over a long winding track, with steep pitches and ascents.
Rol"li*che (?),n.[Also Rol"le*jee (&?;), Rol"li*chie.] [D.rolletjea little roll.] A kind of sausage, made in a bag of tripe, sliced and fried, famous among the Dutch of New Amsterdam and still known, esp. in New Jersey.
Ro"ma*ji*ka`i (?),n.[Jap.rmajikai.] An association, including both Japanese and Europeans, having for its object the changing of the Japanese method of writing by substituting Roman letters for Japanese characters.
Roman calendar. The calendar of the ancient Romans, from which our modern calendars are derived. It is said to have consisted originally of ten months,Martius,Aprilis,Maius,Junius,Quintilis,Sextilis, September, October, November, and December, having a total of 304 days. Numa added two months,Januariusat the beginning of the year, andFebruariusat the end, making in all 355 days. He also ordered an intercalary month,Mercedinus, to be inserted every second year. Later the order of the months was changed so that January should come before February. Through abuse of power by the pontiffs to whose care it was committed, this calendar fell into confusion. It was replaced by the Julian calendar. In designating the days of the month, the Romans reckoned backward from three fixed points, thecalends, thenones, and theides. The calends were always the first day of the month. The ides fell on the 15th in March, May, July (Quintilis), and October, and on the 13th in other months. The nones came on the eighth day (theninth, counting the ides) before the ides. Thus, Jan. 13 was called the ides of January, Jan. 12, the day before the ides, and Jan. 11, thethirdday before the ides (since the ides count as one), while Jan. 14 was the 19th day before the calends of February.
||Ro"nin" (?),n.[Jap.r- nin, fr. Chin.langprofligate, lawless +jên(old soundnn) man.] In Japan, under the feudal system, a samurai who had renounced his clan or who had been discharged or ostracized and had become a wanderer without a lord; an outcast; an outlaw.
Rönt"gen (?),a.Of or pertaining to the German physicist Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen, or the rays discovered by him; as,Röntgenapparatus.
Rönt"gen*ize (?),v. t.(Physics)To render (air or other gas) conducting by the passage of Röntgen rays.
Röntgen ray.(Physics)Any of the rays produced when cathode rays strike upon surface of a solid (as the wall of the vacuum tube). Röntgen rays are noted for their penetration of many opaque substances, as wood and flesh, their action on photographic plates, and their fluorescent effects. They were calledX raysby their discoverer, W. K. Röntgen. They also ionize gases, but cannot be reflected, or polarized, or deflected by a magnetic field. They are regarded as nonperiodic, transverse pulses in the ether. They are used in examining opaque objects, as for locating fractures or bullets in the human body.
Root,v. i.[Cf. Rout to roar.] To shout for, or otherwise noisly applaud or encourage, a contestant, as in sports; hence, to wish earnestly for the success of some one or the happening of some event, with the superstitious notion that this action may have efficacy; -- usually withfor; as, the crowdrootedfor the home team. [Slang or Cant, U. S.]
Root"er,n.One who roots, or applauds. [Slang, U. S.]
Roque (rk),n.[Abbr. fr. Croquet.] A form of croquet modified for greater accuracy of play. The court has a wood border often faced with rubber, used as a cushion in bank shots. The balls are 3¼ in. in diameter, the cage (center arches or wickets) 3 in. wide, the other arches 3½ in. wide.
{ Roque`fort" cheese, or Roque`fort" } (?),n.A highly flavored blue-molded cheese, made at Roquefort, department of Aveyron, France. It is made from milk of ewes, sometimes with cow's milk added, and is cured in caves. Improperly, a cheese made in imitation of it.
Ros"sel cur`rent (?). [FromRosselIsland, in the Louisiade Archipelago.](Oceanography)A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea.
Ro"to*graph (?),n.(Photography)A photograph printed by a process in which a strip or roll of sensitized paper is automatically fed over the negative so that a series of prints are made, and are then developed, fixed, cut apart, and washed at a very rapid rate.
Ro"tor (?),n.(Elec.)The rotating part of a generator or motor.
||Ro`ture (?),n.[F.]1.The condition of being a roturier.
2.(Fr. & Canadian Law)A feudal tenure of lands by one who has no privileges of nobility, but is permitted to discharge all his obligations to his feudal lord or superior by a payment of rent in money or kind and without rendering any personal services.
Rough"rid`er (?),n.An officer or enlisted man in the 1st U. S. Volunteer Cavalry, a regiment raised for the Spanish war of 1898, composed mostly of Western cowboys and hunters and Eastern college athletes and sportsmen, largely organized, and later commanded, by Theodore Roosevelt. Sometimes, locally, a member of any of various volunteer cavalry commands raised in 1898. [Colloq.]
Rou*lette" (?),n.A small toothed wheel used to make short incisions in paper, as a sheet of postage stamps to facilitate their separation.
Rou*lette",v. t.To make short incisions in with a roulette; to separate by incisions made with a roulette; as, toroulettea sheet of postage stamps.
Rou*ma"ni*an (?),a.[Written alsoRumanian.] [FromRoumania, the name of the country, RoumanianRomânia, fr.RomânRoumanian, L.RomanusRoman.] Of or pertaining to Roumania.
Rou*ma"ni*an,n.An inhabitant of Roumania; also, the language of Roumania, one of the Romance or Romanic languages descended from Latin, but containing many words from other languages, as Slavic, Turkish, and Greek.
Round"-up`,n.1.A rounding up, or upward curvature or convexity, as in the deck of a vessel.
2.A gathering in of scattered persons or things; as, sround-upof criminals. [Colloq., U. S.]
Rout" cake` (?). A kind of rich sweet cake made for routs, or evening parties.
Twenty-four littlerout cakesthat were lying neglected in a plate.
Twenty-four littlerout cakesthat were lying neglected in a plate.
Thackeray.
Rout"er (?),n.(Mach.)A machine with a rapidly revolving vertical spindle and cutter for scooping out the surface of wood or metal, as between and around the engraved parts of an electrotype.
Roy"al,n.(Auction Bridge)A royal spade.
Royal spade.(Auction Bridge)A spade when spades are trumps under the condition that every trick over six taken by the successful bidder has a score value of 9; -- usually inpl.
Rub,n.--Rub of the green(Golf), anything happening to a ball in motion, such as its being deflected or stopped by any agency outside the match, or by the fore caddie.
||Ru*bai*yat" (?),n. pl.;sing.Rubai(&?;). [Ar.rub'iyhquatrian, pl. ofrub'iyhaving four radicals, fr.rub'four.] Quatrians; as, theRubaiyatof Omar Khayyam. Sometimes inpl.construed assing., a poem in such stanzas.
Rub"ber*ize (?),v. t.To coat or impregnate with rubber or a rubber solution or preparation, as silk.
||Rud*beck"i*a (?),n.[NL. So named after OlafRudebeck, a Swedish botanist.](Bot.)A genus of composite plants, the coneflowers, consisting of perennial herbs with showy pedunculate heads, having a hemispherical involucre, sterile ray flowers, and a conical chaffy receptacle. There are about thirty species, exclusively North American.Rudbeckia hirta, the black-eyed Susan, is a common weed in meadows.
Rud"der,n.In an aircraft, a surface the function of which is to exert a turning moment about an axis of the craft.
Rule,n.--Rule of the road(Law), any of the various regulations imposed upon travelers by land or water for their mutual convenience or safety. In the United States it is a rule of the road that land travelers passing in opposite directions shall turn out each to his own right, and generally that overtaking persons or vehicles shall turn out to the left; in England the rule for vehicles (but not for pedestrians) is the opposite of this.
Run (?),n.1.(Piquet, Cribbage, etc.)A number of cards of the same suit in sequence; as, arunof four in hearts.
2.(Golf)(a)The movement communicated to a golf ball by running.(b)The distance a ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke.
Run,v. t.(Golf)To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole.
Run"-a*round`,n.(Med.)A whitlow running around the finger nail, but not affecting the bone. [Colloq.]
Run"ning load.(Aëronautics)(a)The air pressure supported by each longitudinal foot segment of a wing.(b)Commonly, the whole weight of aëroplane and load divided by the span, or length from tip to tip.
Rus"sian Church. The established church of the Russian empire. It forms a portion, by far the largest, of the Eastern Church and is governed by the Holy Synod. The czar is the head of the church, but he has never claimed the right of deciding questions of theology and dogma.
S.
||Sa`bo`tage" (?),n.[F.](a)Scamped work.(b)Malicious waste or destruction of an employer's property or injury to his interests by workmen during labor troubles.
Sad"dle (?),n.1.(Phys. Geog.)A ridge connected two higher elevations; a low point in the crest line of a ridge; a col.
2.(Mining)A formation of gold- bearing quartz occurring along the crest of an anticlinal fold, esp. in Australia.
||Saeng"er*bund` (?),n.;G. pl.-bünde(#). [G.sängerbund.](Music)A singers' union; an association of singers or singing clubs, esp. German.
Safe"ty (?),n.(a)(Amer. Football)A safety touchdown.(b)Short for Safety bicycle.
Safety bicycle. A bicycle with equal or nearly equal wheels, usually 28 inches diameter, driven by pedals connected to the rear (driving) wheel by a multiplying gear.
Safety chain.(a)(Railroads)A normally slack chain for preventing excessive movement between a truck and a car body in sluing.(b)An auxiliary watch chain, secured to the clothes, usually out of sight, to prevent stealing of the watch.(c)A chain of sheet metal links with an elongated hole through each broad end, made up by doubling the first link on itself, slipping the next link through and doubling, and so on.
Sagebrush State. Nevada; -- a nickname.
Saint-Si"mon*ism (?),n.A system of socialism in which the state owns all the property and the laborer is entitled to share according to the quality and amount of his work, founded bySaint Simon(1760-1825).
{ Sak"i*eh (?), Sak"i*yeh (?) },n.} [Ar.sqahcanal, trench.] A kind of water wheel used in Egypt for raising water, from wells or pits, in buckets attached to its periphery or to an endless rope.
||Sa`lon" (?),n.An apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; -- sometimes called theOld Salon.New Salonis a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Société Nationale des Beaux- Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes Français (Society of French Artists).
||Sa*maj" (?),n.[Hind.samjmeeting, assembly, fr. Skr.samjaa community.] A society or congregation; a church or religious body. [India]
Sam"bo (?),n.[Sp.zambobandy- legged, the child of a negro and an Indian; prob. of African origin.]1.A negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto. [Colloq. or Humorous]
2.In Central America, an Indian and negro half-breed, or mixed blood.
||Sam"i*sen (?),n.[Jap.](Mus.)A Japanese musical instrument with three strings, resembling a guitar or banjo.
Samp (?),n.[Massachusetts Indiannasàumpunparched meal porridge.] An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which is cooked by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy. [U. S.]
||Sa"mu*rai` (?),n. pl. & sing.[Jap.] In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871.
San"cho (?),n.[Sp., a proper name.](Card Playing)The nine of trumps in sancho pedro.
Sancho pedro. [Sp.PedroPeter.](Card Playing)A variety of auction pitch in which the nine (sancho) and five (pedro) of trumps are added as counting cards at their pip value, and the ten of trumps counts game.
Sand"-lot`,a.Lit., of or pert. to a lot or piece of sandy ground, -- hence, pert. to, or characteristic of, the policy or practices of the socialistic or communistic followers of the Irish agitator Denis Kearney, who delivered many of his speeches in the open sand lots about San Francisco; as, thesand-lot constitutionof California, framed in 1879, under the influence ofsand-lotagitation.
San Jo*sé" scale (?). A very destructive scale insect (Aspidiotus perniciosus) that infests the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. So called because first introduced into the United States atSan José, California.
Sap"ro*phyt*ism (?),n.State or fact of being saprophytic.
Sas*tru"gi (?). Incorrect, but common, var. of Zastrugi.
Sat`i*nette" (?),n.One of a breed of fancy frilled pigeons allied to the owls and turbits, having the body white, the shoulders tricolored, and the tail bluish black with a large white spot on each feather.
Sat"in weave. A style of weaving producing smooth- faced fabric in which the warp interlaces with the filling at points distributed over the surface.
{ Sav"vy, Sav"vey } (?),v. t. & i.[Written alsosavey.] [Sp.saberto know,sabe usteddo you know?] To understand; to comprehend; know. [Slang, U. S.]
{ Sav"vy, Sav"vey },n.Comprehension; knowledge of affairs; mental grasp. [Slang, U. S.]
Sax"o*ny (?),n.[So named after the kingdom ofSaxony, reputed to produce fine wool.]1.A kind of glossy woolen cloth formerly much used.
2.Saxony yarn, or flannel made of it or similar yarn.
Saxony yarn. A fine grade of woolen yarn twisted somewhat harder and smoother than zephyr yarn.
Scab,n.(Bot.)Any one of various more or less destructive fungus diseases attacking cultivated plants, and usually forming dark-colored crustlike spots.
{ Scar"ab, Scar"a*bee` },n.} Same as Scarabæus.
||Scar*a*bæ"us,n.(Egypt. Archæol.)A conventionalized representation of a beetle, with its legs held closely at its sides, carved in natural or made in baked clay, and commonly having an inscription on the flat underside.
Scav"enge (?),v. i.(Internal- combustion Engines)To remove the burned gases from the cylinder after a working stroke; as, this engine does notscavengewell.
Scav"enge,v. t.To remove (burned gases) from the cylinder after a working stroke.
Scav"eng*ing (?),p. pr. & vb. n.of Scavenge. Hence,n.(Internal-combustion Engines)Act or process of expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder by some special means, as, in many four-cycle engines, by utilizing the momentum of the exhaust gases in a long exhaust pipe.
||Schap"pe (?),n.[G. dial. (Swiss), waste, impurity.] A silk yarn or fabric made out of carded spun silk.
Schat"chen (?),n.[Yiddish, fr. NHeb.shadkhn, fr.shdakhto bring about a marriage, orig., to persuade.] A person whose business is marriage brokage; a marriage broker, esp. among certain Jews.
Schi"zont (sk"zntorskz"nt),n.[Gr. &?;, &?;, p.pr., cleaving.](Zoöl.)In certain Sporozoa, a cell formed by the growth of a sporozoite or merozoite (in a cell or corpuscle of the host) which segment by superficial cleavage, without encystment or conjugation, into merozoites.
||Schnor"rer (?),n.[Yiddish, fr. G.schnurrer, fr.schnurrento hum, whir, hence, from the sound of the musical instrument used by strolling beggars, to beg.] Among the Jews, a beggar.
Sci*ag"ra*phy,n.(Physics)Same as Radiography.
Sclaff (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Sclaffed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Sclaffing.] [Orig. uncert.]1.To scuff or shuffle along. [Scot.]
2.(Golf)To scrape the ground with the sole of the club, before striking the ball, in making a stroke.
Sclaff,v. t.(Golf)To scrape (the club) on the ground, in a stroke, before hitting the ball; also, to make (a stroke) in that way.
Sclaff,n.[Scot.]1.A slight blow; a slap; a soft fall; also, the accompanying noise.
2.(Golf)The stroke made by one who sclaffs.
3.A thin, solid substance, esp. a thin shoe or slipper.
Scoop (?),n.A beat. [Newspaper Slang]
Scoop,v. t.To get a scoop, or a beat, on (a rival). [Newspaper Slang]
Scorch,v. i.To ride or drive at great, usually at excessive, speed; -- applied chiefly to automobilists and bicyclists. [Colloq.] -- Scorch"er,n.[Colloq.]
Score (?),v. i.1.To keep the score in a game; to act as scorer.
2.To make or count a point or points, as in a game; to tally.
3.To run up a score, or account of dues.
Scotch rite.(Freemasonry)The ceremonial observed by one of theMasonic systems, called in full the Ancient and Accepted Scotch Rite; also, the system itself, which confers thirty-three degrees, of which the first three are nearly identical with those of the York rite.
Scotch terrier.(Zoöl.)One of a breed of small terriers with long, rough hair.
Scot"tish ter"ri*er.(Zoöl.)Same asScotch terrier.
Scour (?),v. t.To cleanse or clear, as by a current of water; to flush.
If my neighbor ought toscoura ditch.
If my neighbor ought toscoura ditch.
Blackstone.
Scour,n.1.The act of scouring.
2.A place scoured out by running water, as in the bed of a stream below a fall.
If you catch the two sole denizens [trout] of a particularscour, you will find another pair installed in their place to-morrow.
If you catch the two sole denizens [trout] of a particularscour, you will find another pair installed in their place to-morrow.
Grant Allen.
Scout,n.A boy scout (which see, above).
Scrag (?),v. t.[Cf. Scrag.] To seize, pull, or twist the neck of; specif., to hang by the neck; to kill by hanging. [Colloq.]
An enthusiastic mob willscragme to a certainty the day war breaks out.
An enthusiastic mob willscragme to a certainty the day war breaks out.
Pall Mall Mag.
Scram"bled eggs (?). Eggs of which the whites and yolks are stirred together while cooking, or eggs beaten slightly, often with a little milk, and stirred while cooking.
Scrap"ple (?),n.[Dim. ofscrap.] An article of food made by boiling together bits or scraps of meat, usually pork, and flour or Indian meal.
Scratch,n.In various sports, the line from which the start is made, except in the case of contestants receiving a distance handicap.
{ Scratch player, runner, etc. } One that starts from the scratch; hence, one of first-rate ability.
Scream"er (?),n.1.Something so remarkable as to provoke a scream, as of joy. [Slang]
2.An exclamation mark. [Printer's Slang]
Screen (skrn),n.(Cricket)An erection of white canvas or wood placed on the boundary opposite a batsman to enable him to see ball better.
Scrub (?),n.1.Vegetation of inferior quality, though sometimes thick and impenetrable, growing in poor soil or in sand; also, brush. See Brush, above. [Australia & South Africa]
2.(Forestry)A low, straggling tree of inferior quality.
||Scru`tin" de liste" (skr`tN" d lst). [F., voting by list.] Voting for a group of candidates for the same kind of office on one ticket or ballot, containing a list of them; -- the method, used in France, as from June, 1885, to Feb., 1889, in elections for the Chamber of Deputies, each elector voting for the candidates for the whole department in which he lived, as disting. fromscrutin d'arrondissement(d`rôN`ds`mäN"), or voting by each elector for the candidate or candidates for his own arrondissement only.
Scut"ter (?),v. i.[Cf. Scuttle,v. i.] To run quickly; to scurry; to scuttle. [Prov. Eng.]
A mangy little jackal . . . cocked up his ears and tail, andscutteredacross the shallows.
A mangy little jackal . . . cocked up his ears and tail, andscutteredacross the shallows.
Kipling.
Seal"skin` (?),n.The skin of a seal; the pelt of a seal prepared for use, esp. of the fur seal; also, a garment made of this material.
Search"light` (?),n.(a)An apparatus for projecting a powerful beam of light of approximately parallel rays, usually devised so that it can be swiveled about.(b)The beam of light projecting by this apparatus.
Se"cret serv"ice. The detective service of a government. In the United States, in time of peace the bureau of secret service is under the treasury department, and in time of war it aids the war department in securing information concerning the movements of the enemy.
See,v. t.In poker and similar games at cards, to meet (a bet), or to equal the bet of (a player), by staking the same sum.
See"catch (?),n.[Russ.siekach.](Zoöl.)A full-grown male fur seal. [Alaska]
Seep"age,n.The act or process of seeping; percolation.
Seis"mo*gram (?),n.[Gr. &?; earthquake +-gram.](Physics)The trace or record of an earth tremor, made by means of a seismograph.
Self (?),a.Having its own or a single nature or character, as in color, composition, etc., without addition or change; unmixed; as, aselfbow, one made from a single piece of wood;selfflower or plant, one which is wholly of one color;self-colored.
Self`-bind"er (?),n.A reaping machine containing mechanism for binding the grain into sheaves.
Self`-ex*cite",v. t.(Elec.)To energize or excite (the field magnets of a dynamo) by induction from the residual magnetism of its cores, leading all or a part of the current thus produced through the field-magnet coils.
Self`-hard"en*ing,a.(Metal.)Designating, or pert. to, any of various steels that harden when heated to above a red heat and cooled in air, usually in a blast of cold air with moderate rapidity, without quenching. Such steels are alloys of iron and carbon with manganese, tungsten and manganese, chromium, molybdenum and manganese, etc. They are chiefly used as high-speed steels. -- Self`-hard"en*ed,a.
Self`-help",n.(Law)The right or fact of redressing or preventing wrongs by one's own action without recourse to legal proceedings, as in self-defense, distress, abatement of a nuisance, etc.
Self`-in*duc"tion,n.(Elec.)Induction in a circuit due to the action of one portion of a current upon an adjacent portion during periods of varying current strength. The nature of the induction is such as to oppose the action which produces it.
Self`-start"er,n.A mechanism (usually one operated by electricity, compressed air, a spring, or an explosive gas), attached to an internal-combustion engine, as on an automobile, and used as a means of starting the engine without cranking it by hand.
Se*ma`si*ol"o*gy (?),n.[Gr. &?; signification +-logy.](Philol.)The science of meanings or sense development (of words); the explanation of the development and changes of the meanings of words. -- Se*ma`si*o*log"ic*al (#),a.
Se*mat"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?;, &?;, sign, token.] Significant; ominous; serving as a warning of danger; -- applied esp. to the warning colors or forms of certain animals.
Sem`i-Die"sel (?),a.Designating an internal-combustion engine of a type resembling the Diesel engine in using as fuel heavy oil which is injected in a spray just before the end of the compression stroke and is fired without electrical ignition. The fuel is sprayed into an iron box (called ahot bulborhot pot) opening into the combustion chamber, and heated for ignition by a blast-lamp until the engine is running, when it is, ordinarily, kept red hot by the heat of combustion.
Sem`i*nar" (?),n.[G. See Seminary,n.] A group of students engaged, under the guidance of an instructor, in original research in a particular line of study, and in the exposition of the results by theses, lectures, etc.; -- called alsoseminary.
Sem`i*ra"di*al (?),a.Half radial.
Semiradial engine.(Mach.)See Radial engine, above.
Sem`i*ton*tine" (?),a.(LIfe Insurance)Lit., half-tontine; -- used to designate a form of tontine life insurance. See Tontine insurance. -- Sem`i*ton*tine",n.
||Se*nhor" (?),n.[Pg. Cf. Señor, Senior.] A Portuguese title of courtesy corresponding to the Spanishseñoror the EnglishMr.orsir; also, a gentleman.
||Se*nho"ra (?),n.[Pg. Cf. Señora.] A Portuguese title of courtesy given to a lady; Mrs.; Madam; also, a lady.
Sen`si*tom"e*ter (?),n.[See Sensitive; -meter.](Photog.)An instrument or apparatus for comparing and grading the sensitiveness of plates, films, etc., as a screen divided into squares of different shades or colors, from which a picture is made on the plate to be tested.
Sen"tence meth`od.(Education)A method of teaching reading by giving first attention to phrases and sentences and later analyzing these into their verbal and alphabetic components; -- contrasted withalphabetandword methods.
Se*phar"dic (?),a.[FromSephardim, a name applied to the Spanish Jews, fr.Sephard, name of a place where Jews were held in captivity (Ob. 20).] Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Jews (theSephardim, also calledSpanishorPortuguese Jews) descended from Jewish families driven from Spain by the Inquisition.