Chapter 21

Term policy. A policy of term insurance.

||Ter"ra in*cog"ni*ta (?). [L.] An unknown land; unexplored country.

The enormous tracts lying outside China proper, still almostterræ incognitæ.

A. R. Colquhoun.

Ter"rane,n.(Geog.)A region or limited area considered with reference to some special feature; as, theterraneof a river, that is, its drainage basin.

Terre"plein (?),n.(Civ. Engin.)An embankment of earth with a broad level top, which is sometimes excavated to form a continuation of an elevated canal across a valley.

Ter*rine" (?),n.[F. See Tureen.]1.A dish or pan, originally of earthenware, such as those in which various dishes are cooked and served; esp., an earthenware jar containing some table delicacy and sold with its contents.

2.(Cookery)A kind of ragout formerly cooked and served in the same dish; also, a dish consisting of several meats braised together and served in a terrine.

3.A soup tureen.

Ter`ri*to"ri*al wa"ters.(Internat. Law)The waters under the territorial jurisdiction of a state; specif., the belt (often called themarine beltorterritorial sea) of sea subject to such jurisdiction, and subject only to the right of innocent passage by the vessels of other states.

Perhaps it may be said without impropriety that a state has theoretically the right to extend itsterritorial watersfrom time to time at its will with the increased range of guns. Whether it would in practice be judicious to do so . . . is a widely different matter . . . . In any case the custom of regulating a line three miles from land as defining the boundary of marginalterritorial watersis so far fixed that a state must be supposed to accept it in absence of express notice.

W. E. Hall.

||Ter"ti*um quid (?). [L.] A third somewhat; something mediating, or regarded as being, between two diverse or incompatible substances, natures, or positions.

{ Tes"la coil, Tes"la trans*form"er } (?). [After N.Tesla, American electrician.](Elec.)A transformer without iron, for high frequency alternating or oscillating currents; an oscillation transformer.

Teth"er-ball`,n.A game played with rackets and a ball suspended by a string from an upright pole, the object of each side being to wrap the string around the pole by striking the ball in a direction opposite to the other.

{ Tet*raz"ine (?),n.Also -in }. [Tetrazo-+-ine.](Chem.)A hypothetical compound, C2H2N4which may be regarded as benzene with four CH groups replaced by nitrogen atoms; also, any of various derivatives of the same. There are three isomeric varieties.

Tet*raz"ole (?),n.[Tetrazo-+-ole.](Org. Chem.)A crystalline acid substance, CH2N4, which may be regarded as pyrrol in which nitrogen atoms replace three CH groups; also, any of various derivatives of the same.

Tet"rose (?),n.[Tetra-+- ose.](Chem.)A monosaccharide derived from a certain alcohol.

Tex"as Leagu"er (?). [From the Texas (baseball) League.](Baseball)A short fly that falls too far out to be handled by an infielder and too close in to be caught by an outfielder. [Cant]

Text hand. A large hand in writing; -- so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in a large hand and the notes in a smaller hand.

||Thal*loph"y*ta (?),n. pl.[NL. See Thallophyte.](Bot.)A phylum of plants of very diverse habit and structure, including the algæ, fungi, and lichens. The simpler forms, as many blue-green algæ, yeasts, etc., are unicellular and reproduce vegetatively or by means of asexual spores; in the higher forms the plant body is athallus, which may be filamentous or may consist of plates of cells; it is commonly undifferentiated into stem, leaves, and roots, and shows no distinct tissue systems; the fronds of many algæ, however, are modified to serve many of the functions of the above- named organs. Both asexual and sexual reproduction, often of a complex type, occur in these forms. The Thallophyta exist almost exclusively as gametophytes, the sporophyte being absent or rudimentary. By those who do not separate the Myxophyta from the Tallophyta as a distinct phylum the latter is treated as the lowermost group in the vegetable kingdom.

Thal"lo*phyte (?),n.[Gr. &?; young shoot +-phyte.](Bot.)A plant belonging to the Thallophyta. -- Thal`lo*phyt"ic (#),a.

||Thal"weg` (?),n.[G., fr.thalvalley +wegway. See Dale; Way.](Physiography)(a)A line following the lowest part of a valley, whether under water or not.(b)The line of continuous maximum descent from any point on a land surface, or that cutting all contours and angles.

||Tha"na (tä"nä),n.[Written alsotana,tanna.] [Hind.thn.] A police station. [India]Kipling.

The"ism (th"z'm),n.[NL. & E.theatea +-ism.](Med.)The morbid condition resulting from the excessive use of tea.

Ther*man"ti*dote (?),n.[Gr. &?; heat + E.antidote.] A device for circulating and cooling the air, consisting essentially of a kind of roasting fan fitted in a window and incased in wet tatties. [India]

Will you bring me to book on the mountains, or where thethermantidotesplay?

Kipling.

{ Ther`mo*an`æs*the"si*a or -an`es*the"si*a } (?),n.[NL.](Med.)Loss of power to distinguish heat or cold by touch.

Ther`mo*bar"o*graph (?),n.(Physics)An instrument for recording simultaneously the pressure and temperature of a gas; a combined thermograph and barograph.

Ther`mo*ba*rom"e*ter,n.A siphon barometer adapted to be used also as a thermometer.

Ther`mo*chro"ic (?),a.[Thermo-+ Gr. &?;, &?;, color.] Pert. to or designating heat rays that have undergone selective absorption and are therefore analogous to colored light rays.

Ther"mo*cou`ple (?),n.A thermoelectric couple.

Ther"mo*cur`rent (?),n.(Physics)A current developed or set in motion by heat; specif., an electric current, in a heterogeneous circuit, due to differences of temperature between the junctions of the substances of which the circuit is composed.

Ther"mo*din (?),n.[G., fr. Gr. &?; heat.](Pharm.)A white crystalline substance derived from urethane, used in medicine as an antipyretic, etc.

{ Ther`mo*e*lec"tric couple or pair } (?).(Elec.)A union of two conductors, as bars or wires of dissimilar metals joined at their extremities, for producing a thermoelectric current.

Ther"mo*gram (?),n.(Physics)The trace or record made by means of a thermograph.

Ther*mog"ra*phy (?),n.[Thermo-+-graphy.] Any process of writing involving the use of heat.

Ther`mo*junc"tion (?),n.(Elec.)A junction of two dissimilar conductors used to produce a thermoelectric current, as in one form of pyrometer; a thermocouple.

Ther`mo*lu`mi*nes"cence (?),n.(Physics)Luminescence exhibited by a substance on being moderately heated. It is shown esp. by certain substances that have been exposed to the action of light or to the cathode rays. -- -lu`mi*nes"cent (#),a.

Ther`mo*lyt"ic (?),a.Of or pertaining to thermolysis.

Ther`mo*mo"tor (?),n.A heat engine; a hot-air engine.

Ther`mo*neu*ro"sis (?),n.[NL.](Med.)(a)A neurosis caused by exposure to heat.(b)A neurosis causing rise or fall of a body's temperature.

Ther`mo*neu*tral"i*ty (?),n.(Chem.)Neutrality as regards heat effects.

Ther`mo*phil"ic (?),a.[Thermo-+ Gr. &?; loving +-ic.] Heat-loving; -- applied esp. to certain bacteria.

Ther"mo*phone (?),n.[Thermo-+phone.]1.A portable form of telethermometer, using a telephone in connection with a differential thermometer.

2.A telephone involving heat effects, as changes in temperature (hence in length) due to pulsations of the line current in a fine wire connected with the receiver diaphragm.

Ther"mo*phore (?),n.[Thermo-+ Gr. &?; -bearing, fr. &?; to bear.] An apparatus for conveying heat, as a case containing material which retains its heat for a considerable period.

Ther`mo*reg"u*la`tor (?),n.(Physics)A device for the automatic regulation of temperature; a thermostat.

Ther`mo*si"phon (?),n.An arrangement of siphon tubes for assisting circulation in a liquid.

Ther`mo*sta"ble (?),a.[Thermo-+stablefixed.](Physiol. Chem.)Capable of being heated to or somewhat above 55° C. without loss of special properties; -- said of immune substances, etc.

Ther`mo*tac"tic (?),a.(Physiol.)Of or retaining to thermotaxis.

Ther"mo*tank (?),n.[Thermo-+ank.] A tank containing pipes through which circulates steam, water, air, or the like, for heating or cooling; -- used in some heating and ventilation systems.

Ther`mo*tax"is (?),n.[NL.;thermo-+ Gr. &?; an arranging.](Physiol.)(a)The property possessed by protoplasm of moving under the influence of heat.(b)Determination of the direction of locomotion by heat.

Ther`mo*ten"sile (?),a.Pertaining to the variation of tensile strength with the temperature.

Ther`mo*ther"a*py (?),n.[Thermo-+therapy.](Med.)Treatment of disease by heat, esp. by hot air.

Ther*mot"o*nus (?),n.[NL.;thermo-+tonus.](Plant Physiol.)A condition of tonicity with respect to temperature.

The"roid (?),a.[Gr. qh`r, qhro`s, wild beast +-oid.](Med.)Resembling a beast in nature or habit; marked by animal characteristics; as,theroididiocy.

Thig`mo*tac"tic (?),a.(Physiol.)Of or pertaining to thigmotaxis.

||Thig`mo*tax"is (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; touch + &?; an arranging.](Physiol.)The property possessed by living protoplasm of contracting, and thus moving, when touched by a solid or fluid substance.

When the movement is away from the touching body, it isnegative thigmotaxis; when towards it,positive thigmotaxis.

{ Thing, ||Ting } (?),n.[Dan.thing,ting, Norw.ting, or Sw.ting.] In Scandinavian countries, a legislative or judicial assembly; -- used, esp. in composition, in titles of such bodies. See Legislature,Norway.

Think,n.Act of thinking; a thought. [Obs. or Colloq.]

Third rail.(Electric Railways)(a)The third rail used in the third-rail system.(b)An electric railway using such a rail. [Colloq.]

Third-rail system.(Electric Railways)A system in which a third rail is used for carrying the current for operating the motors, the rail being insulated from the ground and the current being taken off by means of contact brushes or other devices.

{ Thom"as phos"phate or slag }. Same as Basic slag, above.

Thom"as proc"ess (?).(Iron Metal.)Same as Basic process, above.

Thomson process. [After ElihuThomson, American inventor.] A process of electric welding in which heat is developed by a large current passing through the metal.

Thought transference. Telepathy.

Three"-col`or,a.Designating, or pert. to, a photomechanical process employing printings in three colors, as red, yellow, and blue.

Three"-mile`,a.Of or pertaining to three miles; as, the three-mile limit, or the limit of the marine belt (thethree-milebelt or zone) of three miles included in territorial waters (which see) of a state.

Three"-port`,a.Having three ports; specif.: Designating a type of two-cycle internal-combustion engine in which the mixture enters the crank case through a port uncovered by the piston near the end of its stroke.

Three"-torque` system of control.(Aëronautics)Any system of rudders by which the pilot can exert a turning moment about each of the three rectangular axes of an aëroplane or airship.

Throm"bin (?),n.[See Thrombus.](Physiol. Chem.)The fibrin ferment which produces the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen.

Throw,v. i.--To throw back, to revert to an ancestral type or character. "A large proportion of the steerage passengersthrow backto their Darwinian ancestry."The Century.

Throw"ing stick`.(Anthropol.)An instrument used by various savage races for throwing a spear; -- called alsothrow stickandspear thrower. One end of the stick receives the butt of the spear, as upon a hook or thong, and the other end is grasped with the hand, which also holds the spear, toward the middle, above it with the finger and thumb, the effect being to bring the place of support nearer the center of the spear, and practically lengthen the arm in the act of throwing.

Thud (?),v. i. & t.To make, or strike so as to make, a dull sound, or thud.

Hardly the softestthuddingof velvety pads.

A. C. Doyle.

The waves break into spray, dash and rumble andthudbelow your feet.

H. F. Brown.

Thug,n.An assassin; a ruffian; a rough. "Thugsand midnight rounders."The Century.

Tick"er,n.A telegraphic receiving instrument that automatically prints off stock quotations (stock ticker) and other news on a paper ribbon or "tape."

Tid"dle*dy*winks` (?),n.A game in which the object is to snap small disks of bone, ivory, or the like, from a flat surface, as of a table, into a small cup or basket; -- called alsotiddlywinks. [U. S.]

Tid"dly*winks` (?),n.Same as Tiddledywinks.Kipling.

Tide"land (?),n.Land that is overflowed by tide water; hence, land near the sea.

||Ti*en"da (?),n.[Sp., prop., tent, awning.] In Cuba, Mexico, etc., a booth, stall, or shop where merchandise is sold.

Tik"or (?),n.[Hind.tikhur.] A starch or arrow-root made from the tubes of an East Indian zinziberaceous plant (Curcuma angustifolia); also, the plant itself.

{ Ti*kur", Ti*koor" } (?),n.[Hind.tik&?;r.] An East Indian tree (Garcinia pedunculata) having a large yellow fleshy fruit with a pleasant acid flavor.

Tile"seed` (?),n.(Bot.)Any plant of the genusGeissois, having seeds overlapping like tiles on a roof.

||Til"i*a (?),n.[L., linden. Cf. Teil.](Bot.)A genus of trees, the lindens, the type of the familyTiliaceæ, distinguished by the winglike bract coalescent with the peduncle, and by the indehiscent fruit having one or two seeds. There are about twenty species, natives of temperate regions. Many species are planted as ornamental shade trees, and the tough fibrous inner bark is a valuable article of commerce. Also, a plant of this genus.

||Til*land"si*a (?),n.[NL., after Prof.Tillands, of Abo, in Finland.](Bot.)An immense genus of epiphytic bromeliaceous plants confined to tropical and subtropical America. They usually bear a rosette of narrow overlapping basal leaves, which often hold a considerable quantity of water. The spicate or paniculate flowers have free perianth segments, and are often subtended by colored bracts. Also, a plant of this genus.

Til seed (tl; tl).(a)The seed of sesame.(b)The seed of an African asteraceous plant (Guizotia abyssinica), yielding a bland fixed oil used in medicine.

Til tree (tl; tl).(a)Var. of Teil tree.(b)An ill- smelling lauraceous tree (Ocotea fœtens) of the Canary Islands; -- sometimes disting. asCanary Island til tree.

||Tim`bale" (?),n.[F., prop., a kettledrum; -- so named from the form of the mold used. Cf. Timbal.](Cookery)A seasoned preparation, as of chicken, lobster, cheese, or fish, cooked in a drum-shaped mold; also, a pastry case, usually small, filled with a cooked mixture.

Time policy.(Insurance)A policy limited to become void at a specified time; -- often contrasted withvoyage policy.

Tim"er (?),n.(Internal-combustion Engines)In electric ignition, an adjustable device for automatically timing the spark.

Time signature.(Music)A sign at the beginning of a composition or movement, placed after the key signature, to indicate its time or meter. Also calledrhythmical signature. It is in the form of a fraction, of which the denominator indicates the kind of note taken as time unit for the beat, and the numerator, the number of these to the measure.

||Tin`tin*nab"u*lum (?),n.; pl.Tintinnabula(#). [L., a bell. See Tintinnabular.] A bell; also, a set or combination of bells or metal plates used as a musical instrument or as a toy.

Tint*om"e*ter (?),n.[Tint+-meter.](Physics)An apparatus for the determination of colors by comparison with arbitrary standards; a colorimeter.

Tip"ple (?),n.[Cf. 3d Tip.] An apparatus by which loaded cars are emptied by tipping; also, the place where such tipping is done.

Tip"ster (?),n.[Tipa hint +-ster.] One who makes a practice of giving or selling tips, or private hints or information, esp. for use in gambling upon the probable outcome of events, as horse races.

Tip"stock` (?),n.The detachable or movable fore part of a gunstock, lying beneath the barrel or barrels, and forming a hold for the left hand.

Tirl (?),v. i.[Cf. Twirl, Thirl.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]1.To quiver; to vibrate; to veer about.

2.To make a ratting or clattering sound by twirling or shaking; as, totirlat the pin, or latch, of a door.

Ti"tan crane.(Mach.)A massive crane with an overhanging counterbalanced arm carrying a traveler and lifting crab, the whole supported by a carriage mounted on track rails. It is used esp. for setting heavy masonry blocks for piers, breakwaters, etc.

Ti"ti (?),n.[Orig. uncert.]1.A tree of the southern United States (Cliftonia monophylla) having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers succeeded by one-seeded drupes; -- called alsoblack titi,buckwheat tree, andironwood.

2.Any related tree of the genusCyrilla, often disting. aswhite titi.

{ Tit"i*vate, Tit"ti*vate } (?),v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Titivated (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Titivating (?).] [Formed from an uncertain source, in imitation of words in-atefr. L.] To dress or smarten up; to spruce. -- Tit`i*va"tion, Tit`ti*va"tion (#),n.[Both Humorous]

"Come here, an' let metitivateyou." He sat down beside her, and submitted to be dusted.

Quiller- Couch.

Tit"tup (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Tittuped (?) or Tittupped;p. pr. & vb. n.Tittuping or Tittupping.] [Written alsotitup.] [Cf. Teeter.] To behave or move in a lively or restless manner, as an impatient horse; to caper; to prance; to frisk.Kipling.

Tit"tup,n.The act of tittuping; lively, gay, or restless behavior or gait; a prance or caper. [Written alsotitup.]

Tit"tup*py (?),a.Given to tittuping; gay; lively; prancing; also, shaky; unsteady.

Tiv"o*li (?),n.[Prob. fr.Tivoliin Italy, a pleasure resort not far from Rome.] A game resembling bagatelle, played on a special oblong board or table (Tivoliboard or table), which has a curved upper end, a set of numbered compartments at the lower end, side alleys, and the surface studded with pins and sometimes furnished with numbered depressions or cups.

Tlin"kit (?),n. pl.The Indians of a seafaring group of tribes of southern Alaska comprising the Koluschan stock. Previous to deterioration from contact with the whites they were the foremost traders of the northwest. They built substantial houses of cedar adorned with totem poles, and were expert stone carvers and copper workers. Slavery, the potlatch, and the use of immense labrets were characteristic. Many now work in the salmon industry.

To"bie (?),n.[Cf. Toby.] A kind of inferior cigar of a long slender shape, tapered at one end. [Local, U. S.]

To"by (?),n.; pl.- bies(#). [Perh. from the proper name.] A small jug, pitcher, or mug, generally used for ale, shaped somewhat like a stout man, with a cocked hat forming the brim.

{ ||Toc`ca*tel"la (?), ||Toc`ca*ti"na (?) },n.} [It.](Music)A short or simple toccata.

Toe drop.(Med.)A morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated.

Toe hold.(Wrestling)A hold in which the agressor bends back his opponent's foot.

Toff (?),n.[Etym. uncertain.] A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.]Kipling.

Tog (?),v. t. & i.To put toggery, or togs, on; to dress; -- usually without, implying care, elaborateness, or the like. [Colloq. or Slang]Harper's Weekly.

Togs (?),n. pl.[See Toggery.] Clothes; garments; toggery. [Colloq. or Slang]

||To"hu*bo"hu (t"h-b"h),n.[F.tohu-bohu, fr. Heb.toh wa bohwithout form and void (Gen. i. 2).] Chaos; confusion.

Was ever such atohubohuof people as there assembles?

Thuckeray.

||Toi`son" (tw`zôn"),n.[F.] A sheep's fleece.

||Toi`son" d'or" (dr"). [F.] Lit., the golden fleece; specif., the order of the Golden Fleece, or its jewel.

To"ken,n.(Weaving)In a Jacquard loom, a colored signal to show the weaver which shuttle to use.

Tol"er*ance,n.1.(Forestry)Capability of growth in more or less shade.

2.Allowed amount of variation from the standard or from exact conformity to the specified dimensions, weight, etc., as in various mechanical operations; specif.:(Coinage)The amount which coins, either singly or in lots, are legally allowed to vary above or below the standard of weight or fineness.

{ Tol*stoy"an, Tol*stoi"an } (?),a.Of or pertaining to Tolstoy (1828- 1910). --n.A follower of Tolstoy, who advocates and practices manual labor, simplicity of living, nonresistance, etc., holds that possession of wealth and ownership of property are sinful, and in religion rejects all teachings not coming from Christ himself.

Tom,n.1.A familiar contraction ofThomas, a proper name of a man.

2.The male of certain animals; -- often used adjectively or in composition; as,tomturkey,tomcat, etc.

Tom and Jerry. A hot sweetened drink of rum and water spiced with cinnamon, cloves, etc., and beaten up with eggs.

Tom"my At"kins (?). Any white regular soldier of the British army; also, such soldiers collectively; -- said to be fictitious name inserted in the models given to soldiers to guide them in filling out account blanks, etc.

Tom o' Bed"lam (?). Formerly, a wandering mendicant discharged as incurable from Bethlehem Hospitel, Eng.; hence, a wandering mendicant, either mad or feigning to be so; a madman; a bedlamite.

Tom"tate (?),n.A Florida and West Indian grunt (Bathystoma, or Hæmulon, rimator); also, any of various allied species.

Tone,n.1.(Physiol.)Quality, with respect to attendant feeling; the more or less variable complex of emotion accompanying and characterizing a sensation or a conceptual state; as, feelingtone; colortone.

2.Color quality proper; -- called alsohue. Also, a gradation of color, either a hue, or a tint or shade.

She was dressed in a soft cloth of a graytone.

Sir G. Parker.

3.(Plant Physiol.)The condition of normal balance of a healthy plant in its relations to light, heat, and moisture.

Tong (?),n.[Chineset'ang, lit., hall.] In China, an association, secret society, or organization of any kind; in the United States, usually, a secret association of Chinese such as that of the highbinders.

Ton"ga (?),n.[Hind.tng, Skr.tamagaka.] A kind of light two-wheeled vehicle, usually for four persons, drawn by ponies or bullocks. [India]

Tongu"ing (?),vb. n.(Music)Modification of tone for a rapid staccato effect by the performer's tongue, in playing a wind instrument, as a flute. Insingle tonguingonly one kind of stroke is used, the tongue articulating a rapid "t;" indouble tonguing, two strokes, as for "t" and "k," are alternated; intriple tonguing, "t, k, t," etc.

Ton"ic,a.(Med.)Characterized by continuous muscular contraction; as,tonicconvulsions.

Ton mile.(Railroads)A unit of measurement of the freight transportation performed by a railroad during a given period, usually a year, the total of which consists of the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the aggregate weight of each shipment in tons during the given period by the number of miles for which it is carried.

Ton mileage.(Railroads)Ton miles collectively; esp., the total ton miles performed by a railroad in a given period.

||Tonne (?),n.[F.] A metric ton.

||Ton`neau" (?),n.; pl.Tonneaux(#). [F.]1.In France, a light-wheeled vehicle with square or rounded body and rear entrance.

2.(Automobiles)Orig., the after part of the body with entrance at the rear (as in vehicle in def. 1); now, one with sides closing in the seat or seats and entered by a door usually at the side, also, the entire body of an automobile having such an after part.

3.= Tonne.

Ton*tine" in*su"rance.(Life Insurance)Insurance in which the benefits of the insurance are distributed upon the tontine principle. Under the old, orfull tontine, plan, all benefits were forfeited on lapsed policies, on the policies of those who died within the tontine period only the face of the policy was paid without any share of the surplus, and the survivor at the end of the tontine period received the entire surplus. This plan of tontine insurance has been replaced in the United States by thesemitontineplan, in which the surplus is divided among the holders of policies in force at the termination of the tontine period, but the reverse for the paid-up value is paid on lapsed policies, and on the policies of those that have died the face is paid. Other modified forms are calledfree tontine,deferred dividend, etc., according to the nature of the tontine arrangement.

Tool (tl),v. i.[Cf. Tool,v. t., 2.] To travel in a vehicle; to ride or drive. [Colloq.]

Boys on their bicyclestoolingalong the well- kept roads.

Illust. American.

Tool steel. Hard steel, usually crucible steel, capable of being tempered so as to be suitable for tools.

Too"tle (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Tootled (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Tootling (?).] [Freq. oftoot.] To toot gently, repeatedly, or continuously, on a wind instrument, as a flute; also, to make a similar noise by any means. "Thetootlingrobin."John Clare.

Top,n.(Golf)(a)A stroke on the top of the ball.(b)A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top. --From top to toe, from head to foot; altogether.

Top,v. t.1.(Dyeing)To cover with another dye; as, totopaniline black with methyl violet to prevent greening and crocking.

2.To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).

3.To arrange, as fruit, with the best on top. [Cant]

4.To strike the top of, as a wall, with the hind feet, in jumping, so as to gain new impetus; -- said of a horse.

5.To improve (domestic animals, esp. sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior.

6.(Naut.)To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher than the other.

7.To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.

8.(Golf)To strike (the ball) above the center; also, to make (as a stroke) by hitting the ball in this way.

Top,v. i.1.(Golf)To strike a ball above the center.

2.(Naut.)To rise at one end, as a yard; -- usually withup.

To"pek (?),n.[Eskimotupek.] An ESkimo house made of material other than snow, esp. one having walls of turf, driftwood, rock, or skin, and a roof of skins of the walrus or seal. In Alaska it is often partially underground and covered with timber and turf. Topeks are also used by Indians of the lower Yukon region.

Top fermentation. An alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells are carried to the top of the fermening liquid. It proceeds with some violence and requires a temperature of 14- 30° C. (58-86° F.). It is used in the production of ale, porter, etc., and of wines high in alcohol, and in distilling.

To"pi (?),n.An antelope (Damaliscus corrigum jimela) having a glossy purplish brown coat. It is related to the blesbok and is native of British East Africa. Also, any of various related varieties of other districts south of the Sahara.

Top"o*nym (?),n.A name of a place; more broadly, a name, as in the binomial name of a plant, based on, or derived from, a place name, or based on the location of the thing named.

To*pon"y*my (?),n.A system of toponyms; the use of toponyms. -- To*pon"y*mal (#), Top`o*nym"ic (#), Top`o*nym"ic*al (#),a.

Top"o*phone (?),n.[Gr. &?; place + Gr. &?; sound.] A double ear trumpet for estimating the direction from which sounds proceed, esp. for the use of navigators.

Top out.(Building)To top off; to finish by putting on a cap of top (uppermost) course (called atop`ping- out" course).

Top"per (?),n.1.One that tops, in any sense of the verb; specif.:(a)A cover of a top layer or part. [Colloq.](b)One that excels, surpasses, or is extraordinary of its kind. [Slang](c)Any device for cutting off tops; as, a turniptopper.(d)One who tops steel ingots.(e)A three-square float (file) used by comb makers.

2.A top hat. [Slang or Colloq.]

3.Tobacco left in the bottom of a pipe bowl; -- so called from its being often taken out and placed on top of the newly filled bowl. Also, a cigar stump. [Slang]

Top"ping,n.(Angling)The tail of an artificial fly.

Top rake.(Mech.)The angle that the front edge of the point of a tool is set back from the normal to the surface being cut.

{ ||To"rah, ||To"ra } (?),n.; pl.Toroth(#). [Heb.trh.](Jewish Lit.)(a)A law; a precept.

A considerable body of priestlyToroth.

S. R. Driver.

(b)Divine instruction; revelation.

Tora, . . . before the time of Malachi, is generally used of the revelations of God's will made through the prophets.

T. K. Cheyne.

(c)The Pentateuch or "Law of Moses."

The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) TheTorah, "Law," or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets . . . (3) The Kethubim, or the "Writings," generally termed Hagiographa.

C. H. H. Wright.

{ To"ran (?), ||To"ra*na (?) },n.[Skr.traaan arch, a gate.](Indian Arch.)A gateway, commonly of wood, but sometimes of stone, consisting of two upright pillars carrying one to three transverse lintels. It is often minutely carved with symbolic sculpture, and serves as a monumental approach to a Buddhist temple.

Tor"chon pa"per (?). [F.papier torchon.] Paper with a rough surface; esp., handmade paper of great hardness for the use of painters in water colors.

Torch race. A race by men carrying torches, as in ancient Greece.

Tor*pe"do,n.An automobile with a torpedo body. [Cant]

Tor*pe"do-boat` de*stroy"er. A larger, swifter, and more powerful armed type of torpedo boat, originally intended principally for the destruction of torpedo boats, but later used also as a more formidable torpedo boat.

Tor*pe"do body. An automobile body which is built so that the side surfaces are flush. [Cant]

Tor*pe"do boom. A spar formerly carried by men-of- war, having a torpedo on its end.

Tor*pe"do catch"er. A small fast vessel for pursuing and destroying torpedo boats.

Tor*pe"do*ist,n.(Nav.)One skilled in the theory or use of torpedoes; also, one who favors the use of torpedoes.

Torpedo shell.(Ordnance)A shell longer than a deck-piercing shell, with thinner walls and a larger cavity for the bursting charge, which consists of about 130 pounds of high explosive. It has no soft cap, and is intended to effect its damage by the powerful explosion which follows on slight resistance. It is used chiefly in 12-inch mortars.

Torpedo station. A headquarters for torpedo vessels and their supplies, usually having facilities for repairs and for instruction and experiments. The principal torpedo station of the United States is at Newport, R.I.

Torpedo stern. A broad stern without overhang, flattened on the bottom, used in some torpedo and fast power boats. It prevents settling in the water at high speed.

Torpedo tube.(Nav.)A tube fixed below or near the water line through which a torpedo is fired, usually by a small charge of gunpowder. On torpedo vessels the tubes are on deck and usually in broadside, on larger vessels usually submerged in broadside and fitted with a movable shield which is pushed out from the vessel's side to protect the torpedo until clear, but formerly sometimes in the bow. In submarine torpedo boats they are in the bow.

Tor"pid (?),n.[See Torpid,a.] [Slang, Oxford University, Eng.]1.An inferior racing boat, or one who rows in such a boat.

2.pl.The Lenten rowing races.

Tor"rens sys`tem (?). A system of registration of titles to land (as distinct from registration of deeds) introduced into South Australia by the Real Property (or Torrens) Act (act 15 of 1857-58), drafted by Sir Robert Torrens (1814-84). Its essential feature is the guaranty by the government of properly registered titles. The system has been generally adopted in Australia and British Columbia, and in its original or a modified form in some other countries, including some States of the United States. HenceTorrens title, etc.

Tor*sade" (?),n.[F.] A twisted cord; also, a molded or worked ornament of similar form.

The crown decked withtorsadesof pearls.

Harper's Mag.

Tor"sion e*lec*trom"e*ter.(Elec.)A torsion balance used for measuring electric attraction or repulsion.

Torsion galvanometer.(Elec.)A galvanometer in which current is measured by torsion.

Torsion head. That part of a torsion balance from which the wire or filament is suspended.

Torsion indicator. An autographic torsion meter.

Torsion meter.(Mech.)An instrument for determining the torque on a shaft, and hence the horse power of an engine, esp. of a marine engine of high power, by measuring the amount of twist of a given length of the shaft. Called alsotorsimeter,torsiometer,torsometer.

Tot (?),n.[L.] Lit., so much; -- a term used in the English exchequer to indicate that a debt was good or collectible for the amount specified, and often written opposite the item.

Tot,v. t.[imp. & p. p.Totted;p. pr. & vb. n.Totting.]1.To mark with the word "tot"; as, atotteddebt. See Tot,n.

2.[Cf. Total.] To add; to count; to make up the sum of; to total; -- often withup. [Colloq., Eng.]

The last twototup the bill.

Thackeray.

To"tal (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Totaled (?) or Totalled;p. pr. & vb. n.Totaling or Totalling.] To bring to a total; to add; also, to reach as a total; to amount to. [Colloq.]

To"tal*is (?),n.[See Total,a.] The total.

I look on nothing buttotalis.

B. Jonson.

To"tal*i*sa`tor (?),n.Same as Totalizator.

To`tal*i*za"tion (?),n.Act of totalizing, or state of being totalized.

To"tal*i*za`tor (?),n.[From Totalize: cf. F.totalisateur.] A machine for registering and indicating the number and nature of bets made on horse races, as in Australia and South Africa. Called alsototalizer.

To"tal*ize,v. i.To use a totalizator.

To"tal*i`zer (?),n.Same as Totalizator.

To"ta*ra (?),n.[Maori.] A coniferous tree (Podocarpus totara), next to the kauri the most valuable timber tree of New Zeland. Its hard reddish wood is used for furniture and building, esp. in wharves, bridges, etc. Alsomahogany pine.

{ To"tem pole or post }. A pole or pillar, carved and painted with a series of totemic symbols, set up before the house of certain Indian tribes of the northwest coast of North America, esp. Indians of the Koluschan stock.

Touch,v. t.1.To compare with; of be equal to; -- usually with a negative; as, he held that for good cheer nothing couldtouchan open fire. [Colloq.]

2.To induce to give or lend; to borrow from; as, totouchone for a loan; hence, to steal from. [Slang]

Touch,n.1.(Change Ringing)A set of changes less than the total possible on seven bells, that is, less than 5,040.

2.An act of borrowing or stealing. [Slang]

3.Tallow; -- a plumber's term. [Eng.]

Tour"ing car. An automobile designed for touring; specif., a roomy car, not a limousine, for five or more passengers.

Tou"sy (?),a.[See Touse,n. & v.] Tousled; tangled; rough; shaggy. [Colloq.]

Tout (?),n.[Prob. fr. F.toutall.] In the game of solo, a proposal to win all eight tricks.

Tout (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Touted;p. pr. & vb. n.Touting.]1.To look narrowly; spy. [Scot. & Dial. Eng.]

2.(Horse Racing)(a)To spy out the movements of race horses at their trials, or to get by stealth or other improper means the secrets of the stable, for betting purposes. [Cant, Eng.](b)To act as a tout; to tout, or give a tip on, a race horse. [Cant, U. S.]

Tout,v. t.(Horse Racing)(a)To spy out information about, as a racing stable or horse. [Cant, Eng.](b)To give a tip on (a race horse) to a better with the expectation of sharing in the latter's winnings. [Cant, U. S.]

Tout,n.1.One who gives a tip on a race horses for an expected compensation, esp. in hopes of a share in any winnings; -- usually contemptuous. [Cant, U. S.]

2.One who solicits custom, as a runner for a hotel, cab, gambling place. [Colloq.]

3.A spy for a smuggler, thief, or the like. [Colloq.]

Tow"-head` (?),n.A low alluvial island or shoal in a river. [Local, U. S.]

Tox`al*bu"min (?),n.[See Toxic; Albumin.](Physiol. Chem.)Any of a class of toxic substances of protein nature; a toxin.

Tox`i*ca"tion (?),n.[L.toxicuma poison: cf.toxicatussmeared with poison.] Poisoning.

Tox*ic"i*ty (?),n.The quality or state of being toxic or poisonous; poisonousness.

Tox`i*co*gen"ic (?),a.[See Toxic, and -genic.](Physiol. & Med.)Producing toxic products; as,toxicogenicgerms or bacteria.

Tox"oid (?),n.[Toxin +- oid.](Physiol. Chem.)An altered form of a toxin, possessing little or no toxic power.

Trace (?),n.(Mech.)A connecting bar or rod, pivoted at each end to the end of another piece, for transmitting motion, esp. from one plane to another; specif., such a piece in an organ-stop action to transmit motion from the trundle to the lever actuating the stop slider.

Trac"er (?),n.1.A person engaged (esp. in the express or railway service) in tracing, or searching out, missing articles, as packages or freight cars.

2.An inquiry sent out (esp. in transportation service) for a missing article, as a letter or an express package.

Tra"cer*y,n.A tracing of lines; a system of lines produced by, or as if by, tracing, esp. when interweaving or branching out in ornamental or graceful figures. "Knit with curioustracery."Burns.

||Tra`che*i"tis (?),n.[NL. See Trachea; -itis.](Med.)Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe.

||Tra*cho"ma (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; roughness, fr. &?; rough.](Med.)Granular conjunctivitis due to a specific micrococcus. -- Tra*chom"a*tous (#),a.

Track"age,n.(Railroads)Lines of track, collectively; as, an extensivetrackage.

Track"lay`er (?),n.(Railroads)Any workman engaged in work involved in putting the track in place. [U. S. & Canada] -- Track"lay`ing,n.

Track"man (?),n.; pl.- men(&?;).(Railroads)One employed on work on the track; specif., a trackwalker.

Track"walk`er (?),n.(Railroads)A person employed to walk over and inspect a section of tracks.

Track"way` (?),n.Any of two or more narrow paths, of steel, smooth stone, or the like, laid in a public roadway otherwise formed of an inferior pavement, as cobblestones, to provide an easy way for wheels.

Trac"tion*al (?),a.Of or relating to traction.

Traction wheel.(Mach.)(a)A locomotive driving wheel which acts by friction adhesion to a smooth track.(b)A smooth-rimmed friction wheel for giving motion to an endless link belt or the like.

Tract"or (?),n.An aëroplane flying machine having one or more tractor screws.

{ Tractor screw or propeller }.(Aviation)A propeller screw placed in front of the supporting planes of an aëroplane instead of behind them, so that it exerts a pull instead of a push. Hence,Tractor monoplane,Tractor biplane, etc.

Trade name.1.(a)The name by which an article is called among traders, etc.; as, tin spirits is a commontrade namein the dyeing industry for various solutions of tin salts.(b)An invented or arbitrary adopted name given by a manufacturer or merchant to an article to distinguish it as produced or sold by him.

2.The name or style under which a concern or firm does business. This name becomes a part of the good will of a business; it is not protected by the registration acts, but a qualified common-law protection against its misuse exists, analogous to that existing in the case of trade-marks.

Traf"fic mile.(Railroad Accounting)Any unit of the total obtained by adding the passenger miles and ton miles in a railroad's transportation for a given period; -- a term and practice of restricted or erroneous usage.

Traffic mileis a term designed to furnish an excuse for the erroneous practice of adding together two things (ton miles and passenger miles) which, being of different kinds, cannot properly be added.

Hadley.

Trail"er,n.A car coupled to, and drawn by, a motor car in front of it; -- used esp. of such cars on street railroads. Called alsotrail car.

Trail"ing edge.(Aëronautics)A following edge. See Advancing edge, above.

Trail rope.(Aëronautics)Same as Guide rope, above.

Train (?),n.1.A heavy long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, and the like.

2.(Mil.)The aggregation of men, animals, and vehicles which accompany an army or one of its subdivisions, and transport its baggage, ammunition, supplies, and reserve materials of all kinds.

Train dispatcher. An official who gives the orders on a railroad as to the running of trains and their right of way.

Tram (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Trammed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Tramming.] To convey or transport on a tramway or on a tram car.

Tram,v. i.To operate, or conduct the business of, a tramway; to travel by tramway.

Tram,n.(Mech.)Same as Trammel,n., 6.

||Tra"ma (?),n.[L., woof.](Bot.)The loosely woven substance which lines the chambers within the gleba in certainGasteromycetes.

Tram"mel wheel`.(Mach.)A circular plate or a cross, with two or more cross grooves intersecting at the center, used on the end of a shaft to transmit motion to another shaft not in line with the first.

||Tra`mon*ta"na (?),n.[It. See Tramontane.](Meteor.)A dry, cold, violent, northerly wind of the Adriatic.

Tram"rail` (?),n.(Mach.)An overhead rail forming a track on which a trolley runs to convey a load, as in a shop.

Tram"way`,n.A street railway or interurban railway for local traffic, on which cable cars, or trolley cars, etc., are used, in distinction from an extended railway line for trains drawn by steam or electric locomotives.

Trans*form"er,n.--Multiple transformer.(Elec.)(a)A transformer connected in multiple or in parallel with the primary circuit.(b)A transformer with more than one primary or more than one secondary coil. --Parallel transformer(Elec.), a transformer connected in parallel.

Trans*isth"mi*an (?),a.Extending across an isthmus, as at Suez or Panama.

Tran*si"tion zone.(Biogeography)The zone lying between the Boreal and Sonoran zones of North America. It includes an eastern or humid subdivision and a western arid one of corresponding temperature comprising the northern Great Plains and the lower slopes of the mountains of the western United States and Mexico. Called alsoNeutral zone.

Trans*mis"sion dy`na*mom"e*ter.(Mach.)A dynamometer in which power is measured, without being absorbed or used up, during transmission.

Trans*mis"sion*ist,n.An adherent of a theory, thetransmission theory, that the brain serves to "transmit," rather than to originate, conclusions, and hence that consciousness may exist independently of the brain.

Trap shooting.(Sport)Shooting at pigeons liberated, or glass balls or clay pigeons sprung into the air, from a trap. -- Trap shooter.

||Tra`vail" (?),n.[Cf. F.travail, a frame for confining a horse, or OF.travailbeam, and E.trave, n. Cf. Travail,v. i.] Same as Travois.

Trav"erse drill.(Mach.)A machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally.

||Tra`vois" (?),n.[Cf. Travail.]1.A primitive vehicle, common among the North American Indians, usually two trailing poles serving as shafts and bearing a platform or net for a load.

On the plains they will have horses draggingtravoises; dogs withtravoises, women and children loaded with impediments.

Julian Ralph.

2.A logging sled. [Northern U. S. & Canada]

Treas"ur*y stock.(Finance)Issued stock of an incorporated company held by the company itself.

Tre*cen"tist (?),n.A member of the trecento, or an imitator of its characteristics.

||Tre*cen"to (?),n. & a.[It., three hundred, abbr. for thirteen hundred.] The fourteenth century, when applied to Italian art, literature, etc. It marks the period of Dante, Petrarch, and boccaccio in literature, and of Giotto in painting.

Tree burial. Disposal of the dead by placing the corpse among the branches of a tree or in a hollow trunk, a practice among many primitive peoples.

Tree calf. A bright brown polished calfskin binding of books, stained with a conventional treelike design.

Tref (?),a.[Yiddish, fr. Heb.trphhan animal torn by wild beasts.] Ceremonially unclean, according to the Jewish law; -- opposed tokosher.

Trek (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Trekked (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Trekking.] [Written alsotreck.] [D.trekken. See Track,n.] [South Africa]1.To draw or haul a load, as oxen.

2.To travel, esp. by ox wagon; to go from place to place; to migrate. [Chiefly South Africa]

One of the motives which induced the Boers of 1836 totrekout of the Colony.

James Bryce.

Trek,n.[Written alsotreck.] [D. Cf. Track,n.] The act of trekking; a drawing or a traveling; a journey; a migration. [Chiefly South Africa]

To the north atrekwas projected, and some years later was nearly carried out, for the occupation of the Mashonaland.

James Bryce.

Great Trek, the great emigration of Boers from Cape Colony which began in 1836, and resulted in the founding of the South African Republic and Orange Free State.

Trek"ker (?),n.[D.] One that treks. [Written alsotrecker.] [South Africa]James Bryce.

Trek*om"e*ter (?),n.[Cf. Trechometer.](Mil.)A field range finger used in the British service.

Trem"bler (?),n.1.Any of certain West Indian birds of the generaCinclocerthiaandRhamphocinclus, of the family Mimidæ.

2.(Elec.)The vibrating hammer, or spring contact piece of a hammer break, as of the electric ignition apparatus for an internal-combustion engine.

Trem"ie (?),n.[F.trémiehopper.](Hydraulic Engin.)An apparatus for depositing and consolidating concrete under water, essentially a tube of wood or sheet metal with a hooperlike top. It is usually handled by a crane.

Tren"nel (?),n.Corrupt form of Treenail.

||Trente" et` qua`rante" (?). [F., lit., thirty and forty.] Same asRouge et noir, under Rouge.

Tres"-tine` (?),n.[Cf. L.tris,tres, three, and E.tyne,tine, a prong.] The third tine above the base of a stag's antler; the royal antler.

Tri"al bal`ance.(Bookkeeping)The testing of a ledger to discover whether the debits and credits balance, by finding whether the sum of the personal credits increased by the difference between the debit and credit sums in the merchandise and other impersonal accounts equals the sum of personal debits. The equality would not show that the items were all correctly posted.

{ Tri*bro`mo*phe"nol (?), Tri`brom*phe"nol (?) },n.(Chem.)A colorless crystalline substance prepared by the reaction of carbolic acid with bromine.

||Tri`bu*nal" (?),n.[Sp.] In villages of the Philippine Islands, a kind of townhall. At the tribunal the head men of the village met to transact business, prisoners were confined, and troops and travelers were often quartered.

Tric"kle (?),n.The act or state of trickling; also, that which trickles; a small stream; drip.

Streams that . . . are short and rapid torrents after a storm, but at other times dwindle to feebletricklesof mud.

James Bryce.

Tri`ger proc"ess (?). [After M.Triger, French engineer.](Engin. & Mining)A method of sinking through water-bearing ground, in which the shaft is lined with tubbing and provided with an air lock, work being proceeded with under air pressure.

Tri"gon (?),n.(Zoöl.)The cutting region of the crown of an upper molar, usually the anterior part. That of a lower molar is the Tri"go*nid (&?;).

Trig"o*no*dont` (?),a.[See Trigon; Odonto.] See Trituberculy.

Tri*hy"brid (?),n.(Biol.)A hybrid whose parents differ by three pairs of contrasting Mendelian characters.

Trim"mer,n.(Coal Storage)An apparatus used for piling the coal in gradually increasing piles made by building up at the point of the cone or top of the prism.

Tri*no"mi*al,a.(Nat. Hist.)Consisting of, or involving the use of, three terms; as, atrinomialsystematic name specifying the genus, species, and variety.

Tri"o*nal (?),n.[Pref.tri-+ sulphonal; -- so called because it contains three ethyls.](Chem.)A compound similar to sulphonal, used as a hypnotic in medicine.

Tri"ose (?),n.[Tri-+- ose.](Chem.)(a)A sugar derived from a trihydric alcohol.(b)A trisaccharide.

||Tri*pit"a*ka (?),n.[Skr.tripiaka.] The three divisions, or "baskets" (pitakas), of buddhist scriptures, -- the Vinayapitaka [Skr.Vinayapiaka] , or Basket of Discipline; Suttapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Discourses; and Abhidhammapitaka [Pali] , or Basket of Metaphysics.

Tri"plex (?),a.(Mach.)Havingthree principal operative parts or motions, so as to produce a three-fold effect.

Tri*sac"cha*ride (?),n.Also - rid.(Chem.)A complex sugar, as raffinose, yielding by hydrolysis three simple sugar molecules.

{ Tris*kel"i*on (?), or Tris"kele (?) },n.[Gr. &?; three-legged. See Tri-; Isosceles.] A figure composed of three branches, usually curved, radiating from a center, as the figure composed of three human legs, with bent knees, which has long been used as a badge or symbol of Sicily and of the Isle of Man.

Tri`tu*ber"cu*lar (?),a.(a)Having or designating teeth with three cusps or tubercles; tricuspid.(b)Pertaining to trituberculy.

Tri`tu*ber"cu*ly (?),n.[Pref.tri-+ L.tuberculumtubercle.](Zoöl.)A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth. The primitive stage is that of simple cones, as in reptiles. The simple cone then developed a smaller cone in front and another behind. Next, acingulumwas developed, and the three cones became arranged in a triangle, the two smaller cusps having moved to the outer side in upper and to the inner in lower molars. This primitive triangle is called thetrigonortrigonidand this stage thetritubercularortrigonodont. The trigon being a cutting apparatus, an extension of the posterior part of the crown was developed in lower molars for crushing, and a smaller corresponding part appeared in upper molars. Another large cone then arose, usually from the cingulum. In more complex forms, smaller intermediate cusps appeared.

||Tro"cha (?),n.[Sp., bypath, crossroad.](Mil.)A line of fortifications, usually rough, constructed to prevent the passage of an enemy across a region. [Sp. Amer.]

Tro"i*lus butterfly (?). A large American butterfly (Papilio troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue on the rear.

||Trois` point" (?). [F.troisthree.](Backgammon)The third point from the outer edge on each player's home table.

Tro"jan (?),n.One who shows the pluck, endurance, determined energy, or the like, attributed to the defenders of Troy; -- used chiefly or only in the phraselike a Trojan; as, he endured the painlike a Trojan; he studieslike a Trojan.

Trol"ley car.(Elec.)A motor car to which the current is conveyed by means of a trolley.

Trolley wire. A heavy conducting wire on which the trolley car runs and from which it receives the current.

Troop,n.See Boy scout, above.

Troop,v. t.--To troop thecolors or colours(Mil.), in the British army, to perform a ceremony consisting essentially in carrying the colors, accompanied by the band and escort, slowly before the troops drawn up in single file and usually in a hollow square, as in London on the sovereign's birthday.

Troop"er,n.A mounted policeman. [Australia] Theblack troopersof Queensland are a regiment of aboriginal police, employed chiefly for dispersing wild aborigines who encroach on sheep runs.

Tro"pism (?),n.[Gr. &?; a turning, &?; to turn +-ism.](Physiol.)Modification of the direction of growth.

||Trop"po (?),adv.[It.](Mus.)Too much; as, allegro ma nontroppo, brisk but not too much so.

Trough (?),n.(Meteor.)The transverse section of a cyclonic area where the barometric pressure, neither rising nor falling, has reached its lowest point.

||Trousse (?),n.[F. See Truss; cf. Trousseau.] A case for small implements; as, a surgeon'strousse.

Trudg"en stroke (?).(Swimming)A racing stroke in which a double over-arm motion is used; -- so called from its use by an amateur named Trudgen, but often erroneously writtentrudgeon.

True (tr),a.(Biol.)Genuine; real; not deviating from the essential characters of a class; as, a lizard is atruereptile; a whale is atrue, but not atypical, mammal.

||Trui`té" (?),a.[F., fr.truitetrout.] Having a delicately crackled surface; -- applied to porcelian, etc.

Trunk engine. An engine having a trunk piston, as most internal combustion engines.

Trunk piston. In a single-acting engine, an elongated hollow piston, open at the end, in which the end of the connecting rod is pivoted. The piston rod, crosshead and stuffing box are thus dispensed with.

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