{ Am*ba"ry (?),n., or Ambary hemp }. [Hind.ambr,ambr.] A valuable East Indian fiber plant (Hibiscus cannabinus), or its fiber, which is used throughout India for making ropes, cordage, and a coarse canvas and sackcloth; -- called alsobrown Indian hemp.
Am*boy"na but"ton.(Med.)A chronic contagious affection of the skin, prevalent in the tropics.
Amboyna pine.(Bot.)The resiniferous treeAgathis Dammara, of the Moluccas.
Am*bro"sia (?),n.(Zoöl.)The food of certain small bark beetles, familyScolytidæbelieved to be fungi cultivated by the beetles in their burrows.
Ambrosia beetle.(Zoöl.)A bark beetle that feeds on ambrosia.
A*mer"i*can plan. In hotels, aplan upon which guests pay for both room and board by the day, week, or other convenient period; -- contrasted withEuropean plan.
A*mer"i*can Pro*tect"ive As*so`ci*a"tion. A secret organization in the United States, formed in Iowa in 1887, ostensibly for the protection of American institutions by keeping Roman Catholics out of public office. Abbrev. commonly toA. P .A.
Am"i*dol (?),n.[Amide+- olas inalcohol.](Photog. & Chem.)A salt of a diamino phenol, C6H3(OH)(NH2)2, used as a developer.
||A*mi"go (?),n.; pl.Amigos(#). [Sp., fr. L.amicus.] A friend; -- a Spanish term applied in the Philippine Islands to friendly natives.
Am"i*nol (?),n.[Fromamine.](Pharm.)A colorless liquid prepared from herring brine and containing amines, used as a local antiseptic.
Am"ish (?),n. pl.[Written alsoOmish.](Eccl. Hist.)The Amish Mennonites.
Am"ish,a.[Written alsoOmish.](Eccl. Hist.)Of, pertaining to, or designating, the followers of JacobAmman, a strict Mennonite of the 17th century, who even proscribed the use of buttons and shaving as "worldly conformity". There are several branches of Amish Mennonites in the United States.
||Am`i*to"sis (?),n.[NL. See A- not, and Mitosis.](Biol.)Cell division in which there is first a simple cleavage of the nucleus without change in its structure (such as the formation of chromosomes), followed by the division of the cytoplasm; direct cell division; -- opposed tomitosis. It is not the usual mode of division, and is believed by many to occur chiefly in highly specialized cells which are incapable of long-continued multiplication, in transitory structures, and in those in early stages of degeneration.
Am`i*tot"ic (?),a.(Biol.)Of or pertaining to amitosis; karyostenotic; -- opposed tomitotic.
Am"mo*nal` (?),n.[Ammonium +aluminium.] An explosive consisting of a mixture of powdered aluminium and nitrate of ammonium.
Am`mo*ni"a*cal fer`men*ta"tion. Any fermentation process by which ammonia is formed, as that by which urea is converted into ammonium carbonate when urine is exposed to the air.
||A*mo"le (?),n.[Mex.](Bot.)Any detergent plant, or the part of it used as a detergent, as the roots ofAgave Americana,Chlorogalum pomeridianum, etc. [Sp. Amer. & Mex.]
||Am`pe*lop"sis (m`p*lp"ss),n.[NL., fr. Gr. 'a`mpelos vine + 'o`psis appearance.](Bot.)A genus formerly including the Virginia creeper.
Am*per"age (?),n.(Elec.)The strength of a current of electricity carried by a conductor or generated by a machine, measured in ampères.
Am`père" foot.(Elec.)A unit, employed in calculating fall of pressure in distributing mains, equivalent to a current of one ampère flowing through one foot of conductor.
Ampère hour.(Elec.)The quantity of electricity delivered in one hour by a current whose average strength is one ampère. It is used as a unit of quantity, and is equal to 3600 coulombs. The terms Ampère minute and Ampère second are sometimes similarly used.
Ampère turn.(Elec.)A unit equal to the product of one complete convolution (of a coiled conductor) into one ampère of current; thus, a conductor having five convolutions and carrying a current of half an ampère is said to have 2½ampère turns. The magnetizing effect of a coil is proportional to the number of itsampère turns.
||Amt (?),n.; pl.Amter(#),E.Amts(#). [Dan. & Norw., fr. G.] An administrative territorial division in Denmark and Norway.
Each of the provinces [of Denmark] is divided into severalamts, answering . . . to the English hundreds.
Each of the provinces [of Denmark] is divided into severalamts, answering . . . to the English hundreds.
Encyc. Brit.
Am"vis (?),n.[Ammonium (nitrate) + L.visstrength, force.] An explosive consisting of ammonium nitrate, a derivative of nitrobenzene, chlorated napthalene, and wood meal.
||A*myg"da*la (*mg"d*l),n.; pl.-læ(-l). [L., an almond, fr. Gr. 'amygda`lh. See Almond.]1.An almond.
2.(Anat.)(a)One of the tonsils of the pharynx.(b)One of the rounded prominences of the lower surface of the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum, each side of the vallecula.
Am"yl al"co*hol.(Org. Chem.)Any of eight isomeric liquid compounds, C5H11OH; ordinarily, a mixture of two of these forming a colorless liquid with a peculiar cough-exciting odor and burning taste, the chief constituent of fusel oil. It is used as a source of amyl compounds, such as amyl acetate, amyl nitrite, etc.
Amyl nitrite. A yellowish oily volatile liquid, C5H11NO2, used in medicine as a heart stimulant and a vasodilator. The inhalation of its vapor instantly produces flushing of the face.
A*myl"o*gen (?),n.[Amylum+-gen.](Chem.)That part of the starch granule or granulose which is soluble in water.
Am`y*lo*gen"e*sis (?),n.[Amylum+genesis.] The formation of starch.
Am`y*lo*gen"ic (?),a.1.Of or pert. to amylogen.
2.Forming starch; -- applied specif. to leucoplasts.
Am`y*lol"y*sis (?),n.[Amylum+ Gr. &?; a loosing.](Chem.)The conversion of starch into soluble products, as dextrins and sugar, esp. by the action of enzymes. -- Am`y*lo*lyt"ic (#),a.
Am`y*lom"e*ter (?),n.[Amylum+-meter.] Instrument for determining the amount of starch in a substance.
Am`y*lo*plas"tic (?),a.[Amylum+-plastic.] Starch-forming; amylogenic.
Am`y*lop"sin (?),n.[Amylum+ Gr. &?; appearance.](Physiol. Chem.)The diastase of the pancreatic juice.
An"a*branch (?),n.[Anastomosing +branch.] A branch of a river that reënters, or anastomoses with, the main stream; also, less properly, a branch which loses itself in sandy soil. [Australia]
Such branches of a river as after separation reunite, I would term anastomosing branches; or, if a word might be coined,anabranches, and the islands they form branch islands.
Such branches of a river as after separation reunite, I would term anastomosing branches; or, if a word might be coined,anabranches, and the islands they form branch islands.
Col. Jackson.
{ ||An*a`ër*o"bi*a (?), An*a"ër*obes (?) },n. pl.[NL.anaerobia;an-not +aëro-+ Gr.&?; life.](Bacteriol.)Anaërobic bacteria. They are calledfacultativeanaërobia when able to live either in the presence or absence of free oxygen;obligate, orobligatory, anaërobia when they thrive only in its absence.
An*a`ë*rob"ic (?),a.[Pref.an-not +aërobic.](Biol.)Not requiring air or oxygen for life; -- applied especially to those microbes to which free oxygen is unnecessary; anaërobiotic; -- opposed toaërobic.
{ An*al"gen (?), An*al"gene (?) },n.} [Gr. &?; painless.] A crystalline compound used as an antipyretic and analgesic, employed chiefly in rheumatism and neuralgia. It is a complex derivative of quinoline.
An`a*mor"pho*scope (?),n.[Anamorphosis +-scope.] An instrument for restoring a picture or image distorted by anamorphosis to its normal proportions. It usually consists of a cylindrical mirror.
An`a*seis"mic (?),a.[Cf. Gr. &?; a shaking up and down.] Moving up and down; -- said of earthquake shocks.
An*as`tig*mat"ic (?),a.[Pref.an-not +astigmatic.](Optics)Not astigmatic; -- said esp. of a lens system which consists of a converging lens and a diverging lens of equal and opposite astigmatism but different focal lengths, and sensibly free from astigmatism.
A*nas"to*mose (?),v. i.Of any channels or lines, to meet and unite or run into each other, as rivers; to coalesce; to interjoin.
An"chor es*cape"ment.(Horol.)(a)The common recoil escapement.(b)A variety of the lever escapement with a wide impulse pin.
Anchor light.(Naut.)The lantern shown at night by a vessel at anchor. International rules of the road require vessels at anchor to carry from sunset to sunrise a single white light forward if under 150 feet in length, and if longer, two such lights, one near the stern and one forward.
Anchor shot.(Billiards)A shot made with the object balls in an anchor space.
Anchor space.(Billiards)In the balk-line game, any of eight spaces, 7 inches by 3½, lying along a cushion and bisected transversely by a balk line. Object balls in an anchor space are treated as in balk.
Anchor watch.(Naut.)A detail of one or more men who keep watch on deck at night when a vessel is at anchor.
An"cil*la*ry ad*min`is*tra"tion.(Law)An administration subordinate to, and in aid of, the primary or principal administration of an estate.
An`dro*ceph"a*lous (?),a.[Gr. &?;, &?;, man + &?; head.] Having a human head (upon an animal's body), as the Egyptian sphinx.
{ An`dro*di*œ"cious, -di*e"cious (?) },a.[Gr. &?;, &?;, man + E.diœcious.](Bot.)Having perfect and staminate flowers on different plants. -- An`dro*di*œ"cism, -di*e"cism (#),n.
{ An"dro*mede (?), An"dro*med (?) },n.}(Astron.)A meteor appearing to radiate from a point in the constellation Andromeda, -- whence the name.
A shower of these meteors takes place every year on November 27th or 28th. The Andromedes are also calledBielids, as they are connected with Biela's comet and move in its orbit.
||An`dro*po"gon (?),n.[NL.; Gr. 'anh`r, 'andro`s, man + pw`gwn the beard.](Bot.)A very large and important genus of grasses, found in nearly all parts of the world. It includes the lemon grass of Ceylon and the beard grass, or broom sedge, of the United States. The principal subgenus isSorghum, includingA. sorghumandA. halepensis, from which have been derived the Chinese sugar cane, the Johnson grass, the Aleppo grass, the broom corn, and the durra, or Indian millet. Several East Indian species, asA. nardusandA. schœnanthus, yield fragrant oils, used in perfumery.
||An`e*mo"sis (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr.&?; wind.] A condition in the wood of some trees in which the rings are separated, as some suppose, by the action of high winds upon the trunk; wind shake.
{ ||An*er"gi*a , An"er*gy (?), }n.[NL.anergia, fr. Gr. &?;- not + &?; work.] Lack of energy; inactivity. -- An*er"gic (#),a.
||An`gi*o"ma (?),n.;L. pl.-omata(#). [NL.;angio-+-oma.](Med.)A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood or lymph vessels. -- An`gi*om"a*tous (#),a.
||An`gi*o*neu*ro"sis (?),n.[NL.;angio-+neurosis.](Med.)Any disorder of the vasomotor system; neurosis of a blood vessel. -- An`gi*o*neu*rot"ic (#),a.
An`gi*op"a*thy (?),n.[Angio-+ Gr. &?; disease.](Med.)Disease of the vessels, esp. the blood vessels.
An"gle of en"try.(Aëronautics)The angle between the tangent to the advancing edge (of an aërocurve) and the line of motion; -- contrasted withangle of trail, which is the angle between the tangent to the following edge and the line of motion.
Angle of incidence.(Aëronautics)The angle between the chord of an aërocurve and the relative direction of the undisturbed air current.
An"glo-Ca*thol"i*cism (?),n.The belief of those in the Church of England who accept many doctrines and practices which they maintain were those of the primitive, or true, Catholic Church, of which they consider the Church of England to be the lineal descendant.
An*gus"ti*clave (n*gs"t*klv),n.[L.angustusnarrow +clavusa nail, a stripe.](Rom. Antiq.)A narrow stripe of purple worn by the equites on each side of the tunic as a sign of rank.
An"i*lin*ism (?),n.[Aniline+-ism.](Med.)A disease due to inhaling the poisonous fumes present in the manufacture of aniline.
An`i*mal"cu*lism (?),n.(Biol.)The theory that the spermatozoön and not the ovum contains the whole of the embryo; spermatism; -- opposed toovism.
||An`i*so*co"ri*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; pupil.](Med.)Inequality of the pupils of the eye.
An"i*sol (?),n.[Anisic +- ol.](Chem.)Methyl phenyl ether, C6H5OCH3, got by distilling anisic acid or by the action of methide on potassium phenolate.
||An`i*so*me*tro"pi*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; measure + &?;, &?;, eye.] Unequal refractive power in the two eyes.
An"i*so*spore` (?),n.[Gr. &?; priv. +isospore.](Biol.)A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size; -- opposed toisospore.
An"i*syl (?),n.(Org. Chem.)(a)The univalent radical, CH3OC6H4, of which anisol is the hydride.(b)The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CH2; as,anisylalcohol.(c)The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CO, of anisic acid.
||A*ni"to (?),n.; pl.- tos(#). [Sp.] In Guam and the Philippines, an idol, fetich, or spirit.
Ankh (?),n.[Egypt.](Egypt. Archæol.)A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called alsocrux ansata.
||An"kus (?),n.[Hind., fr. Skr.akuça.] An elephant goad with a sharp spike and hook, resembling a short-handled boat hook. [India]Kipling.
||An`ky*los*to*mi"a*sis (?),n.[NL., fr.Ankylostoma, var. ofAgchylostoma, generic name of one genus of the parasitic nematodes.](Med.)A disease due to the presence of the parasitesAgchylostoma duodenale,Uncinaria(subgenusNecator)americana, or allied nematodes, in the small intestine. When present in large numbers they produce a severe anæmia by sucking the blood from the intestinal walls. Called alsominer's anæmia,tunnel disease,brickmaker's anæmia,Egyptian chlorosis.
||An"laut` (?),n.[G.;anon +lautsound.](Phon.)An initial sound, as of a word or syllable.
--Im anlaut, initially; when initial; -- used of sounds.
An*nun`ci*a"tion lil"y (?).(Bot.)The common white lily (Lilium candidum). So called because it is usually introduced by painters in pictures of the Annunciation.
An`o*et"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?; unthinkable; &?; priv. + &?; perceptible, thinkable.]1.Unthinkable. [Rare]
2.(Psychol.)Not subject to conscious attention; having an indefinite, relatively passive, conscious being; characteristic of the "fringe" or "margin" of consciousness.
Presentation considered as having an existence relatively independent of thought, may be called sentience, oranoeticconsciousness. Thought and sentience are fundamentally distinct mental functions.
Presentation considered as having an existence relatively independent of thought, may be called sentience, oranoeticconsciousness. Thought and sentience are fundamentally distinct mental functions.
G. F. Stout.
||A*noph"e*les (*nf"*lz),n.[NL., fr. Gr. 'anwfelh`s useless, hurtful.](Zoöl.)A genus of mosquitoes which are secondary hosts of the malaria parasites, and whose bite is the usual, if not the only, means of infecting human beings with malaria. Several species are found in the United States. They may be distinguished from the ordinary mosquitoes of the genusCulexby the long slender palpi, nearly equaling the beak in length, while those of the femaleCulexare very short. They also assume different positions when resting,Culexusually holding the body parallel to the surface on which it rests and keeping the head and beak bent at an angle, whileAnophelesholds the body at an angle with the surface and the head and beak in line with it. Unless they become themselves infected by previously biting a subject affected with malaria, the insects cannot transmit the disease.
A*nor"tho*clase (?),n.[Gr. &?; priv. +orthoclase.](Min.)A feldspar closely related to orthoclase, but triclinic. It is chiefly a silicate of sodium, potassium, and aluminium. Sp. gr., 2.57 -- 2.60.
||An`or*tho"pi*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; priv. +ortho-+ Gr. &?;, &?;, the eye.](Med.)Distorted vision, in which straight lines appear bent.
A*nor"tho*site (?),n.[F.anorthosetriclinic feldspar (fr. Gr. &?; priv. + &?; straight) +-ite.](Petrol.)A granular igneous rock composed almost exclusively of a soda-lime feldspar, usually labradorite.
||An`ox*æ"mi*a, -e"mi*a (&?;),n.[NL.; Gr. &?; priv. +oxygen + Gr. &?; blood.](Med.)An abnormal condition due to deficient aëration of the blood, as in balloon sickness, mountain sickness. -- An`ox*æ"mic, *e"mic (#),a.
Ant cow.(Zoöl.)Any aphid from which ants obtain honeydew.
An"te*choir` (?),n.(Arch.)(a)A space inclosed or reserved at the entrance to the choir, for the clergy and choristers.(b)Where a choir is divided, as in some Spanish churches, that division of it which is the farther from the sanctuary.
||An`te mor"tem (?). [L.] Before death; -- generally used adjectivelly; as, anante-mortemstatement;ante- mortemexamination.
The ante-mortem statement, or dying declaration made in view of death, by one injured, as to the cause and manner of the injury, is often receivable in evidence against one charged with causing the death.
An*thoph"i*lous (?),a.[Gr. 'a`nqos flower + fi`los loving.](Zoöl.)Lit., fond of flowers; hence, feeding upon, or living among, flowers.
An"thra*cene oil (?). A heavy green oil (partially solidifying on cooling), which distills over from coal tar at a temperature above 270°. It is the principal source of anthracene.
An*thrac"nose` (?),n.[Gr. &?;, &?;, carbuncle + &?; disease.](Bot.)Any one of several fungus diseases, caused by parasitic species of the seriesMelanconiales, attacking the bean, grape, melon, cotton, and other plants. In the case of the grape, brown concave spots are formed on the stem and fruit, and the disease is calledbird's-eye rot.
||An`thra*co"sis (?),n.[NL. See Anthrax.](Med.)A chronic lung disease, common among coal miners, due to the inhalation of coal dust; -- called alsocollier's lungandminer's phthisis.
An"thrax vac"cine.(Veter.)A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium (Bacterium anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals, esp. cattle.
An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*phy (?),n.[Gr. &?; man +geography.] The science of the human species as to geographical distribution and environment. Broadly, it includes industrial, commercial, and political geography, and that part of ethnology which deals with distribution and physical environment. -- An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*pher (#),n.-- An`thro*po*ge`o*graph"ic*al (#),a.
{ An`thro*po*nom"ics (?), An`thro*pon"o*my (?) },n.} [Gr. &?; man + &?; usage, law, rule.] The science of the laws of the development of the human organism in relation to other organisms and to environment. -- An`thro*po*nom"ic*al (#),a.
An`thro*pop"a*thite (?),n.One who ascribes human feelings to deity.
An`ti*bac*te"ri*al (?),a.(Med.)(a)Inimical to bacteria; -- applied esp. to serum for protection against bacterial diseases.(b)Opposed to the bacterial theory of disease.
An"ti*bod`y (?),n.(Physiol. Chem.)Any of various bodies or substances in the blood which act in antagonism to harmful foreign bodies, as toxins or the bacteria producing the toxins. Normal blood serum apparently contains variousantibodies, and the introduction of toxins or of foreign cells also results in the development of their specific antibodies.
An`ti*bu*bon"ic (?),a.Good or used against bubonic plague; as,antibubonicserum, obtained from immunized horses;antibubonicvaccine, a sterilized bouillon culture of the plague bacillus;antibubonicmeasures.
An"ti*cline (?),n.[See Anticlinal.](Geol.)A structure of bedded rocks in which the beds on both sides of an axis or axial plane dip away from the axis; an anticlinal.
An`ti*co*her"er (?),n.(Wireless Teleg.)A device, one form of which consists of a scratched deposit of silver on glass, used in connection with the receiving apparatus for reading wireless signals. The electric waves falling on this contrivance increase its resistance several times. The anticoherer can be used in conjunction with a telephone.
An`ti*diph`the*rit"ic (?),a.(Med.)Destructive to, or hindering the growth of, diphtheria bacilli. --n.An antidiphtheritic agent.
An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ism (?),n.Opposition to imperialism; -- applied specif., in the United States, after the Spanish-American war (1898), to the attitude or principles of those opposing territorial expansion; in England, of those, often calledLittle Englanders, opposing the extension of the empire and the closer relation of its parts, esp. in matters of commerce and imperial defense. -- An`ti- im*pe"ri*al*ist,n.-- An`ti- im*pe`ri*al*is"tic (#),a.
An"ti*mon*soon" (?),n.(Meteor.)The upper, contrary-moving current of the atmosphere over a monsoon.
An"ti*pasch (?),n.[Pref.anti-+pasch.](Eccl.)The Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.
An`ti-Sem"i*tism (?),n.Opposition to, or hatred of, Semites, esp. Jews. -- An`ti-Sem"ite (#),n.-- An`ti-Sem*it"ic (#),a.
||An`ti*sep"sis (&?;),n.[NL. See Anti-; Sepsis.] Prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.
An`ti*si*al"a*gogue (?),a.(Med.)Checking the flow of saliva.
An`ti*si*al"a*gogue,n.A remedy against excessive salivation.
An"ti-trade`,n.A westerly wind which blows nearly continuously between 30° and 50° of latitude in both the northern and the southern hemisphere.
An`ti*ve"nin (?),n.[Written alsoantivenen,antivenine.] [Pref.anti-+ L.venenumpoison.](Physiol. Chem.)The serum of blood rendered antitoxic to a venom by repeated injections of small doses of the venom.
A*part"ment house. A building comprising a number of suites designed for separate housekeeping tenements, but having conveniences, such as heat, light, elevator service, etc., furnished in common; -- often distinguished in the United States from aflat house.
||A`per`çu" (`pâr`s"),n.; pl.Aperçus(- s"). [F., prop. p. p. ofapercevoirto perceive.]1.A first view or glance, or the perception or estimation so obtained; an immediate apprehension or insight, appreciative rather than analytic.
The main object being to develop the severalaperçusor insights which furnish the method of such psychology.
The main object being to develop the severalaperçusor insights which furnish the method of such psychology.
W. T. Harris.
A series of partial and more or less disparateaperçusor outlooks; each for itself a center of experience.
A series of partial and more or less disparateaperçusor outlooks; each for itself a center of experience.
James Ward.
2.Hence, a brief or detached view; conspectus; sketch.
A*pho"tic (*f"tk),a.[Gr. 'a`fws, 'a`fwtos.] Without light.
Aphotic region.(Phytogeog.)A depth of water so great that only those organisms can exist that do not assimilate.
||A*phra"si*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. 'a priv. + fra`sis speech.](Med.)(a)= Dumbness.(b)A disorder of speech in which words can be uttered but not intelligibly joined together.
A`pi*ol"o*gy (?),n.[L.apisbee +-logy.] The scientific or systematic study of honey bees.
A*plan`o*ga*mete" (?),n.(Bot.)A nonmotile gamete, found in certain lower algæ.
||A*pla"si*a (?),n.[NL.; Gr. &?; priv. + &?; a molding.](Med.)Incomplete or faulty development.
Ap`neu*mat"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?; not blown through.](Med.)Devoid of air; free from air; as, anapneumaticlung; also, effected by or with exclusion of air; as, anapneumaticoperation.
A*poc"a*lypse (?),n.(Eccl.)One of a numerous class of writings proceeding from Jewish authors between 250 b. c. and 150 a. d., and designed to propagate the Jewish faith or to cheer the hearts of the Jewish people with the promise of deliverance and glory; or proceeding from Christian authors of the opening centuries and designed to portray the future.
Ap`o*chro*mat"ic (?),a.[Pref.apo-+chromatic.](Optics)Free from chromatic and spherical aberration; -- said esp. of a lens in which rays of three or more colors are brought to the same focus, the degree of achromatism thus obtained being more complete than where two rays only are thus focused, as in the ordinary achromatic objective. -- Ap`o*chro"ma*tism (#),n.
Ap`o*co*de"ine (?),n.[Pref.apo-+codeine.](Chem.)An alkaloid, &?;, prepared from codeine. In its effects it resembles apomorphine.
Ap`o*se*mat"ic (?),a.[Pref.apo-+sematic.](Zoöl.)Having or designating conspicuous or warning colors or structures indicative of special means of defense against enemies, as in the skunk.
Ap`os*tol"ic del"e*gate.(R. C. Ch.)The diplomatic agent of the pope highest in grade, superior to a nuncio.
||Ap`pel" (?),n.[F., prop., a call. See Appeal,n.](Fencing)A tap or stamp of the foot as a warning of intent to attack; -- called alsoattack.
{ Ap`pen*dec"to*my (?), Ap*pend`i*cec"to*my (?) },n.} [Appendix+ Gr. &?;, fr. &?; excision.](Surg.)Excision of the vermiform appendix.
Ap*pen"dix,n.The vermiform appendix.
||Ap*pen"dix ver`mi*for"mis (?). [NL.](Anat.)The vermiform appendix.
Ap*pos"a*ble (?),a.(Anat.)Capable of being apposed, or applied one to another, as the thumb to the fingers of the hand.
Ap*proach",n.(Golf)A stroke whose object is to land the ball on the putting green. It is made with an iron club.
||Ap`pui" (?),n.(Man.)The mutual bearing or support of the hand of the rider and the mouth of the horse through the bit and bridle. --Point d'appui(&?;), any point of support or basis of operations, as a rallying point.
||A*ra"ba (?),n.[Written alsoarobaandarba.] [Ar. or Turk.'arabah: cf. Russ.arba.] A wagon or cart, usually heavy and without springs, and often covered. [Oriental]
Thearabaof the Turks has its sides of latticework to admit the air
Thearabaof the Turks has its sides of latticework to admit the air
Balfour (Cyc. of India).
||Ar`a*ro"ba (?),n.[Tupi.]1.Goa powder.
2.A fabaceous tree of Brazil (Centrolobium robustum) having handsomely striped wood; -- called alsozebrawood.
Arc (ärk),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Arcked (ärkt);p. pr. & vb. n.Arcking.](Elec.)To form a voltaic arc, as an electrical current in a broken or disconnected circuit.
Ar"chi*bald wheel (?). A metal-hubbed wheel of great strength and elasticity, esp. adapted for artillery carriages and motor cars.
Ar"cho*plasm (?),n.[See Archon; Plasma.](Biol.)The substance from which attraction spheres develop in mitotic cell division, and of which they consist.
Arc light.(Elec.)The light of an arc lamp.
Ar`dois" sys"tem (?).(Naut.)A widely used system of electric night signals in which a series of double electric lamps (white and red) is arranged vertically on a mast, and operated from a keyboard below.
{ A*re"co*line (?),n.Also - lin }. [From NL.Areca, a genus of palms bearing betel nut.] An oily liquid substance, C8H13O2N, the chief alkaloid of the betel nut, to which the latter owes its anthelmintic action.
||A`rête" (?),n.[F., lit., a sharp fish bone, ridge, sharp edge, fr. L.aristabeard of grain.](Geog.)An acute and rugged crest of a mountain range or a subsidiary ridge between two mountain gorges.
Ar`gen*ta"li*um (?),n.[NL.; L.argentum silver + E.aluminium.] A (patented) alloy of aluminium and silver, with a density of about 2.9.
{ Ar*gen"ta*mine (?),n.Also - min }. [L.argentumsilver + E.amine.](Med.)A solution of silver phosphate in an aqueous solution of ethylene diamine, used as an antiseptic astringent and as a disinfectant.
Ar"gon (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; inactive; &?; priv. + &?; work.](Chem.)A colorless, odorless gas occurring in the air (of which it constitutes 0.93 per cent by volume), in volcanic gases, etc.; -- so named on account of its inertness by Rayleigh and Ramsay, who prepared and examined it in 1894-95. Symbol,A; at. wt., 39.9. Argon is condensible to a colorless liquid boiling at -186.1° C. and to a solid melting at -189.6° C. It has a characteristic spectrum. No compounds of it are known, but there is physical evidence that its molecule is monatomic. Weight of one liter at 0° C. and 760 mm., 1.7828 g.
Ar"go*naut (?),n.One of those who went to California in search of gold shortly after it was discovered there in 1848. [U. S.]Bret Harte.
The "Argonautsof '49" were a strong, self- reliant, generous body of men.
The "Argonautsof '49" were a strong, self- reliant, generous body of men.
D. S. Jordan.
A"ri*el (?),n.[Heb.ariël, perh. confused with E.aërial.] In the Cabala, a water spirit; in later folklore, a light and graceful spirit of the air.
In zoölogy,arielis used adjectively of certain birds noted for their graceful flight; as, thearieltoucan; thearielpetrel.
Ar"il*lode (?),n.[Arillus+ Gr. &?; form.](Bot.)A false aril; an aril originating from the micropyle instead of from the funicle or chalaza of the ovule. The mace of the nutmeg is an arillode.
A*ris"to*type` (?),n.[Gr. &?; best +-type.](Photog.)Orig., a printing-out process using paper coated with silver chloride in gelatin; now, any such process using silver salts in either collodion or gelatin; also, a print so made.
Ar*kose" (?),n.[F](Petrog)A sandstone derived from the disintegration of granite or gneiss, and characterized by feldspar fragments. -- Ar*kos"ic (#),a.
Ar"ma*ture (?),n.(Elec.)That part of a dynamo or electric generator or of an electric motor in which a current is induced by a relatively moving magnetic field. The armature usually consists of a series of coils or groups of insulated conductors surrounding a core of iron.
Ar"mored cruis"er.(Nav.)A man-of-war carrying a large coal supply, and more or less protected from the enemy's shot by iron or steel armor. There is no distinct and accepted classification distinguishingarmoredandprotectedcruisers from each other, except that the first have more or heavier armor than the second.
Army organization. The system by which a country raises, classifies, arranges, and equips its armed land forces. The usual divisions are: (1) Aregularoractive army, in which soldiers serve continuously with the colors and live in barracks or cantonments when not in the field; (2) thereservesof this army, in which the soldiers, while remaining constantly subject to a call to the colors, live at their homes, being summoned more or less frequently to report for instruction, drill, or maneuvers; and (3) one or more classes of soldiers organized largely for territorial defense, living at home and having only occasional periods of drill and instraction, who are variously calledhome reserves(as in the table below),second,third, etc.,line of defense(the regular army and its reserves ordinarily constituting thefirst line of defense),territorial forces, or the like. In countries where conscription prevails a soldier is supposed to serve a given number of years. He is usually enrolled first in the regular army, then passes to its reserve, then into the home reserves, to serve until he reaches the age limit. It for any reason he is not enrolled in the regular army, he may begin his service in the army reserves or even the home reserves, but then serves the full number of years or up to the age limit. In equipment the organization of the army is into the three great arms of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, together with more or less numerous other branches, such as engineers, medical corps, etc., besides the staff organizations such as those of the pay and subsistence departments.
{ ||Ar*naut" ||Ar*naout" } (?),n.[Turk.Arnaut, fr. NGr. &?;, for &?;.] An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, specif. one serving as a soldier in the Turkish army.
Ar"oid (?),n.[Arum +- oid.](Bot.)Any plant of the Arum family (Araceæ).
A*rol"la (*rl"l),n.[F.arolle.](Bot.)The stone pine (Pinus Cembra).
||Ar"rha (?),n.; pl.Arrhæ(#). [L. Cf. Earnest.](Law)Money or other valuable thing given to evidence a contract; a pledge or earnest.
||Ar*te`ri*o*scle*ro"sis (är*t`r**skl*r"ss),n.[Gr. 'arthri`a artery +sclerosis.](Med.)Abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, esp. of the intima, occurring mostly in old age. -- Ar*te`ri*o*scle*rot"ic (#),a.
||Ar`thro*chon*dri"tis (?),n.[NL.](Med.)Chondritis of a joint.
||Ar*throd"e*sis (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; joint + &?; a binding together.](Surg.)Surgical fixation of joints.
Ar*throp"a*thy (?),n.[Gr. &?; joint + &?;, &?;, to suffer.](Med.)Any disease of the joints.
Ar"thro*spore (?),n.[Gr. &?; joint + E.spore.](Bacteriol.)A bacterial resting cell, - - formerly considered a spore, but now known to occur even in endosporous bacteria. -- Ar`thro*spor"ic (#), Ar*thros"po*rous (#),a.
Ar"thro*tome (?),n.[Gr. &?; joint + &?; to cut.](Surg.)A strong scalpel used in the dissection of joints.
Ar*thu"ri*an (?),a.Of or pertaining to King Arthur or his knights.J. R. Symonds.
In magnitude, in interest, and as a literary origin, theArthurianinvention dwarfs all other things in the book.
In magnitude, in interest, and as a literary origin, theArthurianinvention dwarfs all other things in the book.
Saintsbury.
Ar"ti*fact (?),n.[L.ars,artis, art +facere,factum, to make.]1.(Archæol.)A product of human workmanship; -- applied esp. to the simpler products of aboriginal art as distinguished from natural objects.
2.(Biol.)A structure or appearance in protoplasm due to death or the use of reagents and not present during life.
Ar*til"ler*y wheel. A kind of heavily built dished wheel with a long axle box, used on gun carriages, usually having 14 spokes and 7 felloes; hence, a wheel of similar construction for use on automobiles, etc.
||As`ca*ri"a*sis (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; an intestinal worm.](Med.)A disease, usually accompanied by colicky pains and diarrhea, caused by the presence of ascarids in the gastrointestinal canal.
As"co*carp (?),n.[Gr. 'asko`s a bladder + karpo`s fruit.](Bot.)In ascomycetous fungi, the spherical, discoid, or cup-shaped body within which the asci are collected, and which constitutes the mature fructification. The different forms are known in mycology under distinct names. Called alsospore fruit.
||As`co*my*ce"tes (?),n. pl.[NL.;ascus+ Gr. &?;, &?;, fungus.](Bot.)A large class of higher fungi distinguished by septate hyphæ, and by having their spores formed in asci, or spore sacs. It comprises many orders, among which are the yeasts, molds, mildews, truffles, morels, etc. -- As`co*my*ce"tous (#),a.
||A*se"mi*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; priv. + &?; sign.](Med.)Loss of power to express, or to understand, symbols or signs of thought.
||A*sep"sis (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; priv. +sepsis.] State of being aseptic; the methods or processes of asepticizing.
A*sex`u*al*i*za"tion (?),n.[Asexual+-ize+-ation.] The act or process of sterilizing an animal or human being, as by vasectomy.
As"pect,n.(Aëronautics)A view of a plane from a given direction, usually from above; more exactly, the manner of presentation of a plane to a fluid through which it is moving or to a current. If an immersed plane meets a current of fluid long side foremost, or inbroadside aspect, it sustains more pressure than when placed short side foremost. Hence, long narrow wings are more effective than short broad ones of the same area.
Aspect ratio.(Aëronautics)The ratio of the long to the short side of an aëroplane, aërocurve, or wing.
As"pi*rin (?),n.(Pharm.)A white crystalline compound of acetyl and salicylic acid used as a drug for the salicylic acid liberated from it in the intestines.
As"say pound. A small standard weight used in assaying bullion, etc., sometimes equaling 0.5 gram, but varying with the assayer.
Assay ton. A weight of 29.166 + grams used in assaying, for convenience. Since it bears the same relation to the milligram that a ton of 2000 avoirdupois pounds does to the troy ounce, the weight in milligrams of precious metal obtained from an assay ton of ore gives directly the number of ounces to the ton.
As*sem"ble,v. t.To collect and put together the parts of; as, toassemblea bicycle, watch, gun, or other manufactured article.
AS*sign" (?),v. i.(Law)To transfer or pass over property to another, whether for the benefit of the assignee or of the assignor's creditors, or in furtherance of some trust.
As"ta*tize (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Astatized (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Astatizing.](Magnetism)To render astatic.
As*tat"ki (?),n.[From Russ.ostatkiremnants, pl. ofostatok.] A thick liquid residuum obtained in the distillation of Russian petroleum, much used as fuel.
As"ter,n.(Biol.)A star- shaped figure of achromatic substance found chiefly in cells dividing by mitosis.
As*ter"o*pe (?),n.[Gr. &?;, lit., lightning.]1.(Myth.)One of the Pleiades; -- called alsoSterope.
2.(Astron.)A double star in the Pleiades (21kand 22lPleiadum, of the 5.8 and 6.4 magnitude respectively), appearing as a single star of the 5.3 magnitude to the naked eye.
Asth"ma pa"per. Paper impregnated with saltpeter. The fumes from the burning paper are often inhaled as an alleviative by asthmatics.
As"tral,a.1.(Biol.)Of or pertaining to an aster; as,astralrays;astralsphere.
2.(Theosophy)Consisting of, belonging to, or designating, a kind of supersensible substance alleged to be next above the tangible world in refinement; as,astralspirits;astralbodies of persons;astralcurrent.
As`tro*pho*tom"e*ter (?),n.[Pref.astro-+photometer.](Astron.)A photometer for measuring the brightness of stars.
As`tro*pho*tom"e*try (?),n.(Astron.)The determination of the brightness of stars, and also of the sun, moon, and planets. -- As`tro*pho`to*met"ric*al (#),a.
As`tro*phys"ics (?),n.[Astro-+physics.](Astron.)The science treating of the physical characteristics of the stars and other heavenly bodies, their chemical constitution, light, heat, atmospheres, etc.
Its observations are made with the spectroscope, bolometer, etc., usually in connection with the telescope.
A*syn"chro*nous (?),a.[Gr. &?; not +synchronous.] Not simultaneous; not concurrent in time; -- opposed tosynchronous.
At`a*mas"co lil"y (?). [Atamascois fr. North American Indian.](Bot.)See under Lily.
{ A`te*lets" sauce (?)or||Sauce` aux ha`te*lets" (?) }. [F.hâteletskewer.] A sauce (such as egg and bread crumbs) used for covering bits of meat, small birds, or fish, strung on skewers for frying.
{ ||Ath`a*na"si*a (?), A*than"a*sy (?) },n.[NL.athanasia, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; priv. + &?; death.] The quality of being deathless; immortality.
Is not a scholiasticathanasybetter than none?
Is not a scholiasticathanasybetter than none?
Lowell.
Ath"e*tize (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Athetized (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Athetizing (?).] [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; set aside, not fixed; &?; not + &?; to place.] To set aside or reject as spurious, as by marking with an obelus.
||A*threp"si*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; priv. + &?; nourishment.](Med.)Profound debility of children due to lack of food and to unhygienic surroundings. -- A*threp"tic (#),a.
At"las pow"der. A blasting powder or dynamite composed of nitroglycerin, wood fiber, sodium nitrate, and magnesium carbonate.
||At"man (?),n.[Skr.tman.](Hinduism)(a)The life principle, soul, or individual essence.(b)The universal ego from whom all individual atmans arise. This sense is a European excrescence on the East Indian thought.
At*mi"a*try (?),n.[Gr. &?; vapor +&?;medical treatment, healing.] Treatment of disease by vapors or gases, as by inhalation.
||A*to"le (?),n.[Mex. Sp.] A porridge or gruel of maize meal and water, milk, or the like. [Sp. Amer.]
A*tone"ment,n.--Day of Atonement(Jewish Antiq.), the only fast day of the Mosaic ritual, celebrated on the tenth day of the seventh month (Tisri), according to the rites described in Leviticus xvi.
||A"tri*um,n.(Anat.)A cavity, entrance, or passage; as, theatrium, or atrial cavity, in the body wall of the amphioxus; anatriumof the infundibula of the lungs, etc.
At*trac"tion sphere.1.(Zoöl.)(a)The central mass of the aster in mitotic cell division; centrosphere.(b)Less often, the mass of archoplasm left by the aster in the resting cell.
2.(Bot.)A small body situated on or near the nucleus in the cells of some of the lower plants, consisting of two centrospheres containing centrosomes. It exercises an important function in mitosis.
At*tri"tus (?),n.[L.attritus, p. p. ofatterere;ad + terereto rub.] Matter pulverized by attrition.
Auc"tion bridge. A variety of the game of bridge in which the players, beginning with the dealer, bid for the privilege of naming the trump and playing with the dummy for that deal, there being heavy penalties for a player's failure to make good his bid. The score value of each trick more than six taken by the successful bidder is as follows: when the trump is spades, 2; clubs, 6; diamonds, 7; hearts, 8; royal spades (lilies), 9; and when the deal is played with no trump, 10.
Auction pitch. A game of cards in which the players bid for the privilege of determining or "pitching" the trump suit.R. F. Foster.
Au"dile (?),n.[L.audireto hear.](Psychol.)One whose thoughts take the form of mental sounds or of internal discourse rather than of visual or motor images.
||Auf"klä*rung (?),n.[G., enlightenment.] A philosophic movement of the 18th century characterized by a lively questioning of authority, keen interest in matters of politics and general culture, and an emphasis on empirical method in science. It received its impetus from the unsystematic but vigorous skepticism of Pierre Bayle, the physical doctrines of Newton, and the epistemological theories of Locke, in the preceding century. Its chief center was in France, where it gave rise to the skepticism of Voltaire , the naturalism of Rousseau, the sensationalism of Condillac, and the publication of the "Encyclopedia" by D'Alembert and Diderot. In Germany, Lessing, Mendelssohn, and Herder were representative thinkers, while the political doctrines of the leaders of the American Revolution and the speculations of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine represented the movement in America.
||Au` fond" (?). [F., lit., at the bottom.] At bottom; fundamentally; essentially.
||Au` gra`tin" (?). [F.](Cookery)With a crust made by browning in the oven; as, spaghetti may be servedau gratin.
{ Auld licht (?), Auld light }.(Eccl. Hist.)(a)A member of the conservative party in the Church of Scotland in the latter part of the 18th century.(b)Same as Burgher,n., 2.
||Au` re*voir" (?). [F., lit., to the seeing again.] Good-by until we meet again.
Au`ri*lave (?),n.[L.aurisear +lavareto wash.] An instrument for cleansing the ear, consisting of a small piece of sponge on an ivory or bone handle.
Aus"tral (?),a.(Biogeography)Designating, or pert. to, a zone extending across North America between the Transition and Tropical zones, and including most of the United States and central Mexico except the mountainous parts.
Aus*tra"li*an bal"lot.(Law)A system of balloting or voting in public elections, originally used in South Australia, in which there is such an arrangement for polling votes that secrecy is compulsorily maintained, and the ballot used is an official ballot printed and distributed by the government.
||Aus"zug` (ous"tsk),n.;Ger. pl.-zÜge(-tsü`g). [G.] See Army organization,Switzerland.
Au"to- (?). An abbrev. ofautomobile, used as a prefix with the meaning ofself-moving,self- propelling; as, anautocar, anautocarriage, anautotruck, etc., an automobile car, carriage, truck, etc.
Au`to*ca*tal"y*sis (?),n.[Auto-+catalysis.](Chem.)Self-catalysis; catalysis of a substance by one of its own products, as of silver oxide by the silver formed by reduction of a small portion of it. -- Au`to*cat`a*lyt"ic (#),a.
Au`to*clas"tic (?),a.[See Auto- ; Clastic.](Geol.)Broken in place; -- said of rocks having a broken or brecciated structure due to crushing, in contrast to those of brecciated materials brought from a distance.
Au`to*co*her"er (?),n.[Auto-+coherer.](Wireless Teleg.)A self-restoring coherer, as a microphonic detector.
Au`to*dy*nam"ic (?),a.[Auto-+dynamic.] Supplying its own power, as a hydraulic ram.
Au*tœ"cious (?),a.[Auto-+ Gr. &?; house.](Biol.)Passing through all its stages on one host, as certain parasitic fungi; -- contrasted withheterœcious.
Au*tœ"cism (?),n.Quality of being autœcious.
Au`to*ge*net"ic,a.(Phys. Geog.)Pertaining to, controlled by, or designating, a system of self- determined drainage.
Autogenetic drainage.(Phys. Geog.)A system of natural drainage developed by the constituent streams through headwater erosion.
Autogenetic topography.(Phys. Geog.)A system of land forms produced by the free action of rain and streams on rocks of uniform texture.
Au*tog"e*nous (?),a.Autogenetic.
Au"to*harp (?),n.[Auto-+harp.] A zitherlike musical instrument, provided with dampers which, when depressed, deaden some strings, leaving free others that form a chord.
Au`to*hyp*not"ic (?),a.Pert. to autohypnotism; self-hypnotizing. --n.An autohypnotic person.
Au`to*hyp"no*tism (?),n.[Auto-+hypnotism.] Hypnotism of one's self by concentration of the attention on some object or idea.
Au`to-in*fec"tion,n.[Auto-+infection.](Med.)Poisoning caused by a virus that originates and develops in the organism itself.
Au`to-in*oc`u*la"tion,n.[Auto-+inoculation.](Med.)Inoculation of a person with virus from his own body.
Au`to-in*tox`i*ca"tion,n.[Auto-+intoxication.](Med.)Poisoning, or the state of being poisoned, from toxic substances produced within the body; autotoxæmia.
||Au`to*ki*ne"sis (?),n.[NL.;auto-+ Gr. &?; motion.](Physiol.)Spontaneous or voluntary movement; movement due to an internal cause.
Au`to*ki*net"ic (?),a.[Auto-+kinetic.] Self-moving; moving automatically.
Autokinetic system. In fire-alarm telegraphy, a system so arranged that when one alarm is being transmitted, no other alarm, sent in from another point, will be transmitted until after the first alarm has been disposed of.
Au`to*mixte" system (?).(Mach.)A system (devised by Henri Pieper, a Belgian) of driving automobiles employing a gasoline engine and an auxiliary reversible dynamo. When there is an excess of power the dynamo is driven by the engine so as to charge a small storage battery; when there is a deficiency of power the dynamo reverses and acts as an auxiliary motor. Sometimes calledPieper system. -- Automixte car, etc.
Au`to*mo"bile (?),n.[F.] An automobile vehicle or mechanism; esp., a self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on a street or roadway. Automobiles are usually propelled by internal combustion engines (using volatile inflammable liquids, as gasoline or petrol, alcohol, naphtha, etc.), steam engines, or electric motors. The power of the driving motor varies from about 4 to 50 H. P. for ordinary vehicles, ranging from the run- about to the touring car, up to as high as 200 H. P. for specially built racing cars. Automobiles are also commonly, and generally in British usage, calledmotor cars.
Au`to*mo"bil*ism (?),n.The use of automobiles, or the practices, methods, or the like, of those who use them. -- Au`to*mo"bil*ist,n.
Au`to*path"ic (?),a.[See Auto-, and Pathic,a.](Med.)Dependent upon, or due or relating to, the structure and characteristics of the diseased organism; endopathic; as, anautopathicdisease; anautopathictheory of diseases.
Au*toph"a*gy (?),n.[Gr. &?; self + &?; to eat.](Med.)The feeding of the body upon itself, as in fasting; nutrition by consumption of one's own tissues.
Au`to*pneu*mat"ic (?),a.[Auto-+pneumatic.] Acting or moving automatically by means of compressed air.
Au`to*sta*bil"i*ty (?),n.[Auto-+stability.](Mechanics)Automatic stability; also, inherent stability. An aëroplane is inherently stable if it keeps in steady poise by virtue of its shape and proportions alone; it is automatically stable if it keeps in steady poise by means of self- operative mechanism.
Au`to*sug*ges"tion (?),n.[Auto-+suggestion.](Med.)Self-suggestion as distinguished from suggestion coming from another, esp. in hypnotism.Autosuggestionis characteristic of certain mental conditions in which expectant belief tends to produce disturbance of function of one or more organs.
||Au`to*tox*æ"mi*a, -tox*e"mi*a (&?;),n.[NL. See Auto-, and Toxæmia.](Physiol.)Self-intoxication. See Auto- intoxication.
Au`to*tox"ic (?),a.[Auto-+toxic.](Med.)Pertaining to, or causing, autotoxæmia.
Au`to*tox`i*ca"tion (?),n.[Auto-+toxication.](Physiol.)Same as Auto- intoxication.
Au`to*trans*form"er (?),n.[Auto-+transformer.](Elec.)A transformer in which part of the primary winding is used as a secondary winding, or vice versa; -- called also acompensatororbalancing coil.
Au`to*troph"ic (?),a.[Auto-+trophic.](Plant Physiol.)Capable of self- nourishment; -- said of all plants in which photosynthetic activity takes place, as opposed to parasitism or saprophytism.
Au*tot"ro*pism (?),n.[Auto-+ Gr. &?; to turn.](Plant Physiol.)The tendency of plant organs to grow in a straight line when uninfluenced by external stimuli.
Au"tun*ite (?),n.[FromAutun, France, its locality.](Min.)A lemon-yellow phosphate of uranium and calcium occurring in tabular crystals with basal cleavage, and in micalike scales. H., 2-2.5. Sp. gr., 3.05-3.19.
Aux*e"to*phone (?),n.[Gr. &?; that may be increased + &?; sound, voice.] A pneumatic reproducer for a phonograph, controlled by the recording stylus on the principle of the relay. It produces much clearer and louder tones than does the ordinary vibrating disk reproducer.
Aux*om"e*ter (?),n.[Gr. &?; to increase +-meter.](Optics)An instrument for measuring the magnifying power of a lens or system of lenses.
A*ven"a*lin (?),n.[L.avenaeats.](Chem.)A crystalline globulin, contained in oat kernels, very similar in composition to excelsin, but different in reactions and crystalline form.
Av`er*run*ca"tor (?),n.An instrument for pruning trees, having two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on a long rod and operated by a string or wire.
A*ves"tan (?),a.Of or pertaining to the Avesta or the language of the Avesta. --n.The language of the Avesta; -- less properly calledZend.
||A`vi*a"do (?),n.[Sp.] One who works a mine with means provided by another. [Sp. Amer. & Southwestern U. S.]
A"vi*ate (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Aviated (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Aviating.] To fly, or navigate the air, in an aëroplane or heavier-than-air flying machine. [Colloq.]
A"vi*a`tor (?),n.The driver or pilot of an aëroplane, or heavier-than-air flying machine.
{ A"vi*a`tress (?), A`vi*a"trix (?) },n.A woman aviator.
A`vi*ette" (?),n.A heavier-than- air flying machine in which the motive power is furnished solely by the aviator.
Awk"ward squad.(Mil.)A squad of inapt recruits assembled for special drill.
{ Ax"min*ster (?),n.,orAxminster carpet }.(a)[More fullychenille Axminster.] A variety of Turkey carpet, woven by machine or, when more than 27 inches wide, on a hand loom, and consisting of strips of worsted chenille so colored as to produce a pattern on a stout jute backing. It has a fine soft pile. So called fromAxminster, England, where it was formerly (1755 -- 1835) made.(b)A similar but cheaper machine- made carpet, resembling moquette in construction and appearance, but finer and of better material.
A*zo"gue (?),n.[Sp. See Azoth.] Lit.: Quicksilver; hence:pl.(Mining)Silver ores suitable for treatment by amalgamation with mercury. [Sp. Amer.]
Az"ole (?),n.[From Azote.](Org. Chem.)Any of a large class of compounds characterized by a five-membered ring which contains an atom of nitrogen and at least one other noncarbon atom (nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur). The prefixesfuro-,thio, andpyrro-are used to distinguish three subclasses of azoles, which may be regarded as derived respectively from furfuran, thiophene, and pyrrol by replacement of the CH group by nitrogen; as,furo-monazole. Names exactly analogous to those for the azines are also used; as,oxazole,diazole, etc.
||A*zo"te (?),n.[Sp.] A switch or whip. [Sp. Amer.]
Az"ot*ed (?),a.Nitrogenized; nitrogenous.
{ Az"o*tine (?),n.Also- tin }. [Azote+-ine.]1.An explosive consisting of sodium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur, and petroleum.
2.= 1st Ammonite, 2.
||Az`o*tu"ri*a (?),n.[NL.;azote+ Gr. &?; urine.](Med.)Excess of urea or other nitrogenous substances in the urine.
B.
Bab (?),n.[Per.] Lit., gate; -- a title given to the founder of Babism, and taken from that ofBab- ud-Din, assumed by him.
{ Bab"ism (?), Bab"i*ism (?) },n.The doctrine of a modern religious pantheistical sect in Persia, which was founded, about 1844, by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn Rabhik (1820 -- 1850), who assumed the title of Bab- ed-Din (Per., Gate of the Faith). Babism is a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian, Jewish, and Parsi elements. This doctrine forbids concubinage and polygamy, and frees women from many of the degradations imposed upon them among the orthodox Mohammedans. Mendicancy, the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs, and slave dealing, are forbidden; asceticism is discountenanced. -- Bab"ist,n.
{ Ba*bul", Ba*bool" (?) },n.[See Bablah.](Bot.)Any one of several species ofAcacia, esp.A. Arabica, which yelds a gum used as a substitute for true gum arabic.
In place of Putney's golden gorseThe sicklybabulblooms.
In place of Putney's golden gorseThe sicklybabulblooms.
Kipling.
Ba*cil"lar,a.(Biol.)Pertaining to, or produced by, the organism bacillus; bacillary.
Bac"il*la*ry,a.(Biol.)Of or pertaining to bacilli; produced by, or containing, bacilli; bacillar; as, abacillarydisease.
Back fire.(a)A fire started ahead of a forest or prairie fire to burn only against the wind, so that when the two fires meet both must go out for lack of fuel.(b)A premature explosion in the cylinder of a gas or oil engine during the exhaust or the compression stroke, tending to drive the piston in a direction reverse to that in which it should travel; also, an explosion in the exhaust passages of such ah engine.
Back"-fire`,v. i.1.(Engin.)To have or experience a back fire or back fires; -- said of an internal-combustion engine.
2.Of a Bunsen or similar air-fed burner, to light so that the flame proceeds from the internal gas jet instead of from the external jet of mixed gas and air. -- Back"- fir`ing,n.
Back"heel` (?),n.(Wrestling)A method of tripping by getting the leg back of the opponent's heel on the outside and pulling forward while pushing his body back; a throw made in this way. --v. t.To trip (a person) in this way.
Back"stop` (?),n.1.In baseball, a fence, prop. at least 90 feet behind the home base, to stop the balls that pass the catcher; also, the catcher himself.
2.In rounders, the player who stands immediately behind the striking base.
3.In cricket, the longstop; also, the wicket keeper.
Ba*co"ni*an (?),n.1.One who adheres to the philosophy of Lord Bacon.