2.A knitted foot cushion.
Bri`o*lette" (?),n.[F.] An oval or pearshaped diamond having its entire surface cut in triangular facets.
Bri*quette" (?),n.[Alsobriquet.] [F., dim. ofbriquebrick.]1.A block of compacted coal dust, or peat, etc., for fuel.
2.A block of artificial stone in the form of a brick, used for paving; also, a molded sample of solidified cement or mortar for use as a test piece for showing the strength of the material.
||Bro`ché" (br`sh"),a.Stitched; -- said of a book with no cover or only a paper one.
||Bro`chette" (br`sht"),n.[F., dim. ofbroche. See Broach,n.](Cookery)A small spit or skewer.
--En bro`chette"(än) [F.], on a brochette; skewered.
{ Brock"en spec"ter or spec"tre (?) }. [Trans. of G.Brockengespenst.] A mountain specter (which see), esp. that observed on the Brocken, in the Harz Mountains.
Bro"ken breast`. Abscess of the mammary gland.
Bro"ma*lin (?),n.[From Bromine.](Pharm.)A colorless or white crystalline compound, (CH2)6N4C2H5Br, used as a sedative in epilepsy.
Brom`an"il (?),n.[Bromine +aniline.](Chem.)A substance analogous to chloranil but containing bromine in place of chlorine.
Bro"mide,n.A person who is conventional and commonplace in his habits of thought and conversation. [Slang] -- Bro*mid"ic (#),a.[Slang]
Thebromideconforms to everythyng sanctioned by the majority, and may be depended upon to be trite, banal, and arbitrary.
Thebromideconforms to everythyng sanctioned by the majority, and may be depended upon to be trite, banal, and arbitrary.
Gelett Burgess.
{ Bromide, or Bromid, paper}.(Photog.)A sensitized paper coated with gelatin impregnated with bromide of silver, used in contact printing and in enlarging.
Bro*mid"i*om (?),n.[Bromide+idiom.] A conventional comment or saying, such as those characteristic of bromides. [Slang]
Bro`mo*gel"a*tin (?),a.[Bromine +gelatin.](Photog.)Designating or pertaining to, a process of preparing dry plates with an emulsion of bromides and silver nitrate in gelatin.
Bro`mo*i"o*dism (?),n.[Bromine +iodine +-ism.](Med.)Poisoning induced by large doses of bromine and iodine or of their compounds.
Bro`mo*i"o*dized (?),a.(Photog.)Treated with bromides and iodides.
Bro"mol (?),n.[Abbr. fr. tribromophenol.](Pharm.)A crystalline substance (chemically, tribromophenol, C6H2Br3OH), used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Bron"to*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; thunder +-graph.](Meteor.)(a)A tracing or chart showing the phenomena attendant on thunderstorms.(b)An instrument for making such tracings, as a recording brontometer.
Bron*tom"e*ter (?),n.[Gr. &?; thunder +-meter.](Meteor.)An instrument for noting or recording phenomena attendant on thunderstorms.
Bronze steel. A hard tough alloy of tin, copper, and iron, which can be used for guns.
Brown race. The Malay or Polynesian race; -- loosely so called.
Brush,n.In Australia, a dense growth of vegetation in good soil, including shrubs and trees, mostly small.
Buc"can (?),n.[F.boucan. See Buccaneer.]1.A wooden frame or grid for roasting, smoking, or drying meat over fire.
2.A place where meat is smoked.
3.Buccaned meat.
Buc"can,v. t.[F.boucaner. See Buccaneer.] To expose (meat) in strips to fire and smoke upon a buccan.
Bu*ceph"a*lus (?),n.[L., fr. Gr. &?;, lit., ox-headed; &?; ox + &?; head.]1.The celebrated war horse of Alexander the Great.
2.Hence, any riding horse. [Jocose]Sir W. Scott.
Buck"et (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Bucketed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Bucketing.]1.To draw or lift in, or as if in, buckets; as, tobucketwater.
2.To pour over from a bucket; to drench.
3.To ride (a horse) hard or mercilessly.
4.(Rowing)To make, or cause to make (the recovery), with a certain hurried or unskillful forward swing of the body. [Eng.]
Buck fever. Intense excitement at the sight of deer or other game, such as often unnerves a novice in hunting. [Colloq.]
Bulb"il (?),n.[Dim. fr.bulb.]1.(Bot.)A small or secondary bulb; hence, now almost exclusively: An aërial bulb or deciduous bud, produced in the leaf axils, as in the tiger lily, or relpacing the flowers, as in some onions, and capable, when separated, of propagating the plant; -- called alsobulbletandbrood bud.
2.(Anat.)A small hollow bulb, such as an enlargement in a small vessel or tube.
Bul"ger (?),n.[From Bulge.](Golf)A driver or a brassy with a convex face.
Bull Moose. (U. S. Politics)(a)A follower of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; - - a sense said to have originated from a remark made by Roosevelt on a certain occasion that he felt "like a bull moose." [Cant](b)The figure of a bull moose used as the party symbol of the Progressive party in the presidential campaign of 1912. -- Bull Mooser. [Cant]
Bull"-roar`er (?),n.A contrivance consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an intermittent roaring noise. It is used as a toy, and among some races in certain religious rites.
{ Bul"ly (?),n., Bul"ly beef` (?) }. [F.bouilliboiled meat, fr.bouillirto boil. See Boil,v.The wordbouilliwas formerly commonly used on the labels of canned beef.] Pickled or canned beef.
||Bul"tong (?),n.Biltong.
Bum"ble*pup`py (?),n.[Origin unknown; cf. Bumble,n.]1.The old game of nineholes.
2.(Card Playing)Whist played in an unscientific way.
||Bun"des*rath` (?),n.[G.;bundconfederacy +rathcouncil.] Lit., a federal council, esp. of the German Empire. See Legislature.
||Bun"des-Ver*samm"lung (?),n.[G.;bundconfederacy +versammlungassembly.] See Legislature,Switzerland.
||Bun"do*bust (?),n.[Hind. & Per.bando-basttying and binding.] System; discipline. [India]
He has morebundobustthan most men.
He has morebundobustthan most men.
Kipling.
Bun"ker (?),n.1.A small sand hole or pit, as on a golf course. [Scot.]Sir W. Scott.
2.(Golf)Hence, any rough hazardous ground on the links; also, an artificial hazard with built-up faces.
Bun"ker,v. t.(Golf)To drive (the ball) into a bunker.
Bun"ko (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Bunkoed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Bunkoing.] To swindle by a bunko game or scheme; to cheat or victimize in any similar way, as by a confidence game, passing a bad check, etc.
Bun"sen cell (?).(Elec.)A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous cup.
Bunt,n.A push or shove; a butt; specif.(Baseball), the act of bunting the ball.
Bunt,v. t. & i.(Baseball)To bat or tap (the ball) slowly within the infield by meeting it with the bat without swinging at it.
||Bur"schen*schaft` (?),n.; pl.-schaften(#). [G.] In Germany, any of various associations of university students formed (the original one at Jena in 1815) to support liberal ideas, or the organization formed by the affiliation of the local bodies. The organization was suppressed by the government in 1819, but was secretly revived, and is now openly maintained as a social organization, the restrictive laws having been repealed prior to 1849. -- Bur"schen*schaft`ler (#), -schaf`ter (#),n.
Bush"el (?),v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Busheled (?),p. pr. & vb. n.Busheling.] [Cf. G.bosseln.](Tailoring)To mend or repair, as men's garments; to repair garments. [U. S.]
||Bu"shi`do` (b"sh`d`),n.[Jap.bumilitary +shiknight +dway, doctrine, principle.] The unwritten code of moral principles regulating the actions of the Japanese knighthood, or Samurai; the chivalry of Japan.
Unformulated,Bushidowas and still is the animating spirit, the motor force of our country.
Unformulated,Bushidowas and still is the animating spirit, the motor force of our country.
Inazo Nitobé.
Busk (bsk),n.Among the Creek Indians, a feast of first fruits celebrated when the corn is ripe enough to be eaten. The feast usually continues four days. On the first day the new fire is lighted, by friction of wood, and distributed to the various households, an offering of green corn, including an ear brought from each of the four quarters or directions, is consumed, and medicine is brewed from snakeroot. On the second and third days the men physic with the medicine, the women bathe, the two sexes are taboo to one another, and all fast. On the fourth day there are feasting, dancing, and games.
Bu`tyl*am"ine (?),n.[Butyric +-yl+amine.](Org. Chem.)A colorless liquid base, C4H9NH2, of which there are four isomeric varieties.
Bu"ty*ryl (?),n.[Butyric +-yl.](Chem.)The radical (C4H7O) of butyric acid.
Bye,n.1.In various sports in which the contestants are drawn in pairs, the position or turn of one left with no opponent in consequence of an odd number being engaged; as, to draw abyein a round of a tennis tournament.
2.(Golf)The hole or holes of a stipulated course remaining unplayed at the end of a match.
C.
||Caa*tin"ga (?),n.[Tupicaa- tingawhite forest.](Phytogeography)A forest composed of stunted trees and thorny bushes, found in areas of small rainfall in Brazil.
||Ca`bal*le*ri"a (?),n.[Sp. See Caballero.] An ancient Spanish land tenure similar to the English knight's fee; hence, in Spain and countries settled by the Spanish, a land measure of varying size. In Cuba it is about 33 acres; in Porto Rico, about 194 acres; in the Southwestern United States, about 108 acres.
||Ca`bal*le"ro (?),n.[Sp. Cf. Cavalier.] A knight or cavalier; hence, a gentleman.
||Ca*bal"lo (k*väl"y; 220),n.[Written alsocavallo.] [Sp., fr. L.caballusa nag. See Cavalcade.] A horse. [Sp. Amer.]
Cab"a*ret (?),n.In the United States, a café or restaurant where the guests are entertained by performers who dance or sing on the floor between the tables, after the practice of a certain class of French taverns; hence, an entertainment of this nature.
Ca"ber (?),n.[Gael.cabar.] A pole or beam, esp. one used in Gaelic games for tossing as a trial of strength.
||Ca`bo`chon" (k`b`shôN"),n.[F.](Jewelry)A stone of convex form, highly polished, but not faceted; also, the style of cutting itself. Such stones are said to be cuten cabochon.
||Ca*chæ"mi*a, ||Ca*che"mi*a (&?;),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; bad + &?; blood.](Med.)A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood. -- Ca*chæ"mic, Ca*che"mic (#),a.
||Cac`o*chym"i*a (?),n.[NL., Gr. &?;; &?; bad + &?; juice.](Med.)A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body, esp. of the blood. -- Cac`o*chym"ic (#), Cac`o*chym"ic*al (#),a.
||Cac`o*sto"mi*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; bad + &?; mouth.](Med.)Diseased or gangrenous condition of the mouth.
{ Ca*dav"er*ine (?),n.Also - in }. [From Cadaver.](Chem.)A sirupy, nontoxic ptomaine, C5H14N2(chemically pentamethylene diamine), formed in putrefaction of flesh, etc.
Cad"die (?),n.[Written alsocaddy,cadie,cady, andcawdy.] [See Cadet.]1.A cadet. [Obs. Scot.]
2.A lad; young fellow. [Scot.]Burns.
3.One who does errands or other odd jobs. [Scot.]
4.An attendant who carries a golf player's clubs, tees his ball, etc.
Ca*det",n.1.In New Zealand, a young gentleman learning sheep farming at a station; also, any young man attached to a sheep station.
2.A young man who makes a business of ruining girls to put them in brothels. [Slang, U. S.]
Cæ`la*tu"ra (?),n.[L., fr.caelareto engrave in relief.] Art of producing metal decorative work other than statuary, as reliefs, intaglios, engraving, chasing, etc.
Caf`e*te"ri*a (?),n.[Cf. F.cafetière.] A restaurant or café at which the patrons serve themselves with food kept at a counter, taking the food to small tables to eat. [U. S.]
Ca*hens"ly*ism (?),n.(R. C. Ch.)A plan proposed to the Pope in 1891 by P. P. Cahensly, a member of the German parliament, to divide the foreign-born population of the United States, for ecclesiastical purposes, according to European nationalities, and to appoint bishops and priests of like race and speaking the same language as the majority of the members of a diocese or congregation. This plan was successfully opposed by the American party in the Church.
Ca*hin"ca root` (?). [Written alsocainca root.] [See Cahincic.](Bot.)The root of an American shrub (Chiococca racemosa), found as far north as Florida Keys, from which cahincic acid is obtained; also, the root of the South AmericanChiococca anguifuga, a celebrated antidote for snake poison.
Cais"son dis*ease".(Med.)A disease frequently induced by remaining for some time in an atmosphere of high pressure, as in caissons, diving bells, etc. It is characterized by neuralgic pains and paralytic symptoms. It is variously explained, most probably as due to congestion of internal organs with subsequent stasis of the blood.
Ca"jun (?),n.[A corruption of Acadian.](Ethnol.)In Louisiana, a person reputed to be Acadian French descent.
||Ca`la*bo"zo (?),n.[Sp.] A jail. See Calaboose.
Ca`la*ve"ras skull (?). A human skull reported, by Prof. J. D. Whitney, as found in 1886 in a Tertiary auriferous gravel deposit, lying below a bed of black lava, in Calaveras County, California. It is regarded as very doubtful whether the skull really belonged to the deposit in which it was found. If it did, it indicates an unprecedented antiquity for human beings of an advanced type.
Cal`i*for"ni*a jack" (?). A game at cards, a modification of seven-up, or all fours.
||Ca*lor"i*sa`tor (?),n.[NL., heater, fr. L.calorheat.] An apparatus used in beet-sugar factories to heat the juice in order to aid the diffusion.
Calve (?),v. i.(Phys. Geog.)To throw off fragments which become icebergs; -- said of a glacier.
||Ca"ma*ra (?),n.[Pg.] Chamber; house; -- used in Ca"ma*ra dos Pa"res (&?;), and Ca"ma*ra dos De`pu*ta"dos (&?;). See Legislature.
||Ca`ma`ra`de*rie" (?),n.[F. See Comrade.] Comradeship and loyalty.
The spirit ofcamaraderieis strong among these riders of the plains.
The spirit ofcamaraderieis strong among these riders of the plains.
W. A. Fraser.
Cam"ass (?).n.[Origin uncert.] A small prairie in a forest; a small grassy plain among hills. [Western U. S.]
Ca*mel"li*a (?),n.[NL., after Georg JosefKamel, orCamelli, a Jesuit who is said to have brought it from the East.](Hort.)An ornamental greenhouse shrub (Thea japonica) with glossy evergreen leaves and roselike red or white double flowers.
Cam"el*ry (?),n.Troops that are mounted on camels.
||Ca`mem`bert" (?),n.,orCamembert cheese. A kind of soft, unpressed cream cheese made in the vicinity of Camembert, near Argentan, France; also, any cheese of the same type, wherever made.
||Ca*mor"ra (?),n.[It.] A secret organization formed at Naples, Italy, early in the 19th century, and used partly for political ends and partly for practicing extortion, violence, etc. -- Ca*mor"rist (#),n.
Ca*nal",n.A long and relatively narrow arm of the sea, approximately uniform in width; -- used chiefly in proper names; as, PortlandCanal; LynnCanal. [Alaska]
||Ca`na`pé" (?),n.[F., orig. a couch with mosquito curtains. See Canopy.]1.A sofa or divan.
2.(Cookery)A slice or piece of bread fried in butter or oil, on which anchovies, mushrooms, etc., are served.
||Ca`na`pé" con`fi`dent" (?). A sofa having a seat at each end at right angles to the main seats.
Can*des"cent (?),a.[L.candescens,-entis, p. pr. ofcandescere, v. incho. fr.candereto shine.] Glowing; luminous; incandescent.
Candle foot.(Photom.)The illumination produced by a British standard candle at a distance of one foot; -- used as a unit of illumination.
Candle meter.(Photom.)The illumination given by a standard candle at a distance of one meter; -- used as a unit of illumination, except in Great Britain.
Can"dle*nut` (?),n.1.The fruit of a euphorbiaceous tree or shrub (Aleurites moluccana), native of some of the Pacific islands. It is used by the natives as a candle. The oil from the nut (candlenut, or kekune,oil) has many uses.
2.The tree itself.
Can`dle*pin` (?),n.(Tenpins)(a)A form of pin slender and nearly straight like a candle.(b)The game played with such pins; -- in formcandlepins, used as a singular.
Candle power.(Photom.)Illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle.
Cangue (kng),n.[Written alsocang.] [F.cangue, fr. Pg.cangayoke.] A very broad and heavy wooden collar which certain offenders in China are compelled to wear as a punishment.
||Can`ne*lé" (?),n.[F., pop., fluted.](Textiles)A style of interweaving giving to fabrics a channeled or fluted effect; also, a fabric woven so as to have this effect; a rep.
Can"ne*lure (kn"n*lr),n.[F., fr.cannelerto groove.](Mil.)A groove in any cylinder; specif., a groove around the cylinder of an elongated bullet for small arms to contain a lubricant, or around the rotating band of a gun projectile to lessen the resistance offered to the rifling. Also, a groove around the base of a cartridge, where the extractor takes hold. -- Can"ne*lured (#),a.
Can"non,v. i.1.To discharge cannon.
2.To collide or strike violently, esp. so as to glance off or rebound; to strike and rebound.
He heard the right-hand goal post crack as a ponycannonedinto it -- crack, splinter, and fall like a mast.
He heard the right-hand goal post crack as a ponycannonedinto it -- crack, splinter, and fall like a mast.
Kipling.
||Cañ`on*ci"to (?),n.[Amer. Sp. dim. See Cañon.] [Southwestern U. S.]1.A small cañon.
2.A narrow passage or lane through chaparral or a forest.
||Ca`po*ral" (kä`p*räl"),n.[Sp. See Corporal,n.] One who directs work; an overseer. [Sp. Amer.]
||Ca"po tas"to (?). [It.capotasto.](Music)A sort of bar or movable nut, attached to the finger board of a guitar or other fretted instrument for the purpose of raising uniformly the pitch of all the strings.
Ca"pri (?),n.Wine produced on the island of Capri, commonly a light, dry, white wine.
||Cap`su*li"tis (?),n.[NL.; E.capsule+-itis.](Med.)Inflammation of a capsule, as that of the crystalline lens.
Cap`su*lot"o*my (?),n.[Capsule+ Gr. &?; to cut.](Surg.)The incision of a capsule, esp. of that of the crystalline lens, as in a cataract operation.
||Ca`ra*ba"o (?),n.[Native name.](Zoöl.)The water buffalo. [Phil. Islands]
Ca`ra*cul" (?),n.Var. of Karakul, a kind of fur.
Car"bon,n.(Elec.)A carbon rod or pencil used in an arc lamp; also, a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements of a voltaic battery.
Car"bon*ite (?),n.[Carbon+-ite.]1.An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.
2.An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and kieselguhr.
Car"bon process.(Photog.)A printing process depending on the effect of light on bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and a pigment is calledcarbon paperorcarbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being dissolved away). If the process stops here it is calledsingle transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an unreversed print, the method is calleddouble transfer.
Carbon steel. Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the presence of other alloying elements; -- opposed toalloy steel.
Carbon transmitter. A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.
Car`bo*run"dum (?), [Carbon +corundum.] A beautiful crystalline compound, SiC, consisting of carbon and silicon in combination; carbon silicide. It is made by heating carbon and sand together in an electric furnace. The commercial article is dark-colored and iridescent. It is harder than emery, and is used as an abrasive.
{ Carborundum cloth or paper }. Cloth or paper covered with powdered carborundum.
{ Car"bu*ret`or, Car"bu*ret`tor (?) },n.One that carburets; specif., an apparatus in which air or gas is carbureted, as by passing it through a light petroleum oil. The carburetor for a gasoline engine is usually either asurface carburetor, or afloat, float- feed, or spray,carburetor. In the former air is charged by being passed over the surface of gasoline. In the latter a fine spray of gasoline is drawn from an atomizing nozzle by a current of air induced by the suction of the engine piston, the supply of gasoline being regulated by a float which actuates a needle valve controlling the outlet of the feed pipe. Alcohol and other volatile inflammable liquids may be used instead of gasoline.
Car"cel (?),n.(Photom.)A light standard much used in France, being the light from a Carcel lamp of stated size and construction consuming 42 grams of colza oil per hour with a flame 40 millimeters in height. Its illuminating power is variously stated at from 8.9 to 9.6 British standard candles.
Car"di*o*gram` (?),n.[Gr. &?; heart +-gram.](Physiol.)The curve or tracing made by a cardiograph.
Car`di*og"ra*phy (?),n.1.Description of the heart.
2.(Physiol.)Examination by the cardiograph.
||Car"di*o*scle*ro"sis (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; heart +sclerosis.] Induration of the heart, caused by development of fibrous tissue in the cardiac muscle.
Car mile.(Railroads)A mile traveled by a single car, taken as a unit of computation, as in computing the average travel of each car of a system during a given period.
Car mileage.(Railroads)(a)Car miles collectively.(b)The amount paid by one road the use of cars of another road.
Car"mi*nat`ed (?),a.Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as,carminatedlake.
Car"nic (?),a.[L.caro,carnis, flesh.] Of or pertaining to flesh; specif.(Physiol. Chem.), pertaining to or designating a hydroscopic monobasic acid, C10H15O5N3, obtained as a cleavage product from an acid of muscle tissue.
Car`not's" cy"cle (?). [After N. L. S.Carnot, French physicist.](Thermodynamics)An ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes through the following four successive operations: (1) Isothermal expansion to a desired point; (2) adiabatic expansion to a desired point; (3) isothermal compression to such a point that (4) adiabatic compression brings it back to its initial state.
||Ca`rotte" (?),n.[F., prop., carrot.] A cylindrical roll of tobacco; as, acarotteof perique.
||Car`ro*ma"ta (?),n.[Sp. in Phil. I.] In the Philippines, a light, two-wheeled, boxlike vehicle usually drawn by a single native pony and used to convey passengers within city limits or for traveling. It is the common public carriage.
Car"tist (?),n.[Sp.cartista, fr.cartapaper, document (cf. Pg.carta). See Charta; cf. Chartist.] In Spain and Portugal, one who supports the constitution.
Car"to*gram (?),n.[F.cartogramme.] A map showing geographically, by shades or curves, statistics of various kinds; a statistical map.
||Ca"sa (?),n.[Sp. or It., fr. L.casacabin.] A house or mansion. [Sp. Amer. & Phil. Islands]
I saw that Enriquez had made no attempt to modernize the oldcasa, and that even the garden was left in its lawless native luxuriance.
I saw that Enriquez had made no attempt to modernize the oldcasa, and that even the garden was left in its lawless native luxuriance.
Bret Harte.
Cas*cade" meth"od.(Physics)A method of attaining successively lower temperatures by utilizing the cooling effect of the expansion of one gas in condensing another less easily liquefiable, and so on.
Cascade system.(Elec.)A system or method of connecting and operating two induction motors so that the primary circuit of one is connected to the secondary circuit of the other, the primary circuit of the latter being connected to the source of supply; also, a system of electric traction in which motors so connected are employed. The cascade system is also calledtandem, or concatenated,system; the connection acascade, tandem, or concatenated,connection, ora concatenation; and the control of the motors so obtained atandem, or concatenation,control. In the cascade system of traction the cascade connection is used for starting and for low speeds up to half speed. For full speed the short- circuited motor is cut loose from the other motor and is either left idle or (commonly) connected direct to the line.
Cas"ca*ra buck"thorn` (?).(Bot.)The buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshiana) of the Pacific coast of the United States, which yields cascara sagrada.
||Cas`ca*ron" (?),n.[Sp.cascarón.] Lit., an eggshell; hence, an eggshell filled with confetti to be thrown during balls, carnivals, etc. [Western U. S.]
Ca"se*ose (?),n.[Casein +- ose.](Physiol.Chem.)A soluble product (proteose) formed in the gastric and pancreatic digestion of casein and caseinogen.
Case system.(Law)The system of teaching law in which the instruction is primarily a historical and inductive study of leading or selected cases, with or without the use of textbooks for reference and collateral reading.
Cash*ier's" check (?).(Banking)A check drawn by a bank upon its own funds, signed by the cashier.
Cash railway. A form of cash carrier in which a small carrier or car travels upon a kind of track.
Cash register. A device for recording the amount of cash received, usually having an automatic adding machine and a money drawer and exhibiting the amount of the sale.
Cas"sa*va wood` (?).(Bot.)A West Indian tree (Turpinia occidentalis) of the familyStaphyleaceæ.
{ Cas"sel brown, Cas"sel earth } (?). A brown pigment of varying permanence, consisting of impure lignite. It was found originally near Cassel (now Kassel), Germany.
||Casse`-tête" (?),n.[F., fr.casserto breal (see 2d Quash) +têtehead.] A small war club, esp. of savages; -- so called because of its supposed use in crushing the skull.
||Cas`sette" (?),n.[F., prop., a casket, dim. ofcassea case. See lst Case.] Same as Seggar.
Cat"a*clasm (?),n.[Gr. &?;; &?; down + &?; to break.] A breaking asunder; disruption.
Cat`a*crot"ic (?),a.[Cata-+ Gr. &?; a beating.](Physiol.)Designating, pertaining to, or characterized by, that form of pulse tracing, or sphygmogram, in which the descending portion of the curve is marked by secondary elevations due to two or more expansions of the artery in the same beat. -- Ca*tac"rotism (#),n.
Cat`a*di"cro*tism (?),n.[Cata-+dicrotism.](Physiol.)Quality or state of being catacrotic. -- Cat`a*di*crot"ic (#),a.
Cat"a*plex`y (?),n.[Gr. &?; amazement: cf. Apoplexy.](Med.)A morbid condition caused by an overwhelming shock or extreme fear and marked by rigidity of the muscles. -- Cat`a*plec"tic (#),a.
Catch crop. Any crop grown between the rows of another crop or intermediate between two crops in ordinary rotation in point of time. -- Catch"-crop`ping,n.
Radishes . . . are often grown as acatch cropwith other vegetables.
Radishes . . . are often grown as acatch cropwith other vegetables.
L. H. Bailey.
Catch title. A short expressive title used for abbreviated book lists, etc.
Catch"y (?),a.1.Apt or tending to catch the fancy or attention; catching; taking; as,catchymusic.
2.Tending to catch or insnare; entangling; - - usually used fig.; as, acatchyquestion.
3.Consisting of, or occuring in, disconnected parts or snatches; changeable; as, acatchywind.
It [the fox's scent] is . . . flighty orcatchy, if variable.
It [the fox's scent] is . . . flighty orcatchy, if variable.
Encyc. of Sport.
Ca*thar"sis (?),n.(Psychotherapy)The process of relieving an abnormal excitement by reëstablishing the association of the emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and of eliminating it by complete expression (called theabreaction).
{ Ca*thod"o*graph (?),n.Also Ca*thod"e*graph (?) }. [Cathode+-graph.](Physics)A picture produced by the Röntgen rays; a radiograph.
Cau"lome (?),n.[Gr. kalo`s stem +-omeas in rhizome.](Bot.)A stem structure or stem axis of a plant, viewed as a whole. -- Cau*lom"ic (#),a.
||Cause`rie" (?),n.[F., fr.causerto chat.] Informal talk or discussion, as about literary matters; light conversation; chat.
Cau"tion,n.(Civil & Scots Law)A pledge, bond, or other security for the performance of an obligation either in or out of judicial proceedings; the promise or contract of one not for himself but another; security.
Cau"tion*a*ry block.(Railroads)A block in which two or more trains are permitted to travel, under restrictions imposed by a caution card or the like.
Cave,n.(Eng. Politics)A coalition or group of seceders from a political party, as from the Liberal party in England in 1866. See Adullam, Cave of, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.
||Ca"yo (?),n.; pl.- yos(#). [Sp.] A small island or ledge of rock in the water; a key. [Sp. Am.]
||Cein`ture" (?),n.[F.] A cincture, girdle, or belt; -- chiefly used in English as a dressmaking term.
Ce*les"tial (?),a.Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Chinese, or Celestial, Empire, of the Chinese people.
Ce*les"tial,n.A Chinaman; a Chinese. [Colloq.]
Cel"ti*um (?),n.[NL.](Chem.)A supposed new element of the rare-earth group, accompanying lutecium and scandium in the gadolinite earths. Symbol,Ct(no period).
Ce*ment" steel. Steel produced by cementation; blister steel.
Cen`tau*rom"a*chy (?),n.[Gr. &?;; &?; centaur + &?; battle.](Ancient Art)A fight in which centaurs take part, -- a common theme for relief sculpture, as in the Parthenon metopes.
Centennial State. Colorado; -- a nickname alluding to the fact that it was admitted to the Union in the centennial year, 1876.
{ Cen"ter, or Cen"tre, seal }.(Gas Manuf.)A compound hydraulic valve for regulating the passage of the gas through a set of purifiers so as to cut out each one in turn for the renewal of the lime.
{ Center, or Centre, punch }.(Mech.)(a)A punch for making indentations or dots in a piece of work, as for suspension between lathe centers, etc.(b)A punch for punching holes in sheet metal, having a small conical center to insure correct locating.
Cen*trif"u*gal fil"ter. A filter, as for sugar, in which a cylinder with a porous or foraminous periphery is rapidly rotated so as to drive off liquid by centrifugal action.
Cen"tro*sphere (?),n.[Gr. &?; centre +sphere.]1.(Geol.)The nucleus or central part of the earth, forming most of its mass; -- disting. fromlithosphere,hydrosphere, etc.
2.(Biol.)The central mass of an aster from which the rays extend and within which the centrosome lies when present; the attraction sphere. The name has been used both as excluding and including the centrosome, and also to designate a modified mass of protoplasm about a centrosome whether aster rays are developed or not.
Ceorl (kôrlorchrl),n.[AS. See Churl,n.](O. Eng. Hist.)A freeman of the lowest class; one not a thane or of the servile classes; a churl.
Ce*pa"ceous (?),a.[L.cepa,caepa, onion.] Of the nature of an onion, as in odor; alliaceous.
Ceph`a*lal"gi*a (?),n.[L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; head + &?; pain.](Med.)Headache.
Ceph`a*lal"gic (?),a.[L.cephalalgicus, Gr. &?;.](Med.)Relating to, or affected with, headache. --n.A remedy for the headache.
Ceph"a*lism (?),n.[Gr. &?; head.](Anthropol.)Form or development of the skull; as, the races of man differ greatly incephalism.
Ceph`a*lom"e*try (?),n.(Anthropometry)The measurement of the heads of living persons. -- Ceph`a*lo*met"ric (#),a.
Cer"e*vis (sr"*vs;G.tsr`*vs"),n.[G., fr. L.cerevisia,cervisia, beer.] A small visorless cap, worn by members of German student corps. It is made in the corps colors, and usually bears the insignia of the corps.
Ce"ri*a (s"r*),n.(Chem.)Cerium oxide, CeO2, a white infusible substance constituting about one per cent of the material of the common incandescent mantle.
Ce"ro*type` (?),n.[Gr. &?; wax +- type.] A printing process of engraving on a surface of wax spread on a steel plate, for electrotyping.
Ce*ru"le*in (?),n.[L.caeruleussky-blue.](Chem.)A fast dyestuff, C20H8O6, made by heating gallein with strong sulphuric acid. It dyes mordanted fabrics green.
Ce`ru*les"cent (?),a.[L.caeruleussky-blue +-escent.] Tending to cerulean; light bluish.
Ce*ru"le*um (?),n.[NL.] A greenish blue pigment prepared in various ways, consisting essentially of cobalt stannate. Unlike other cobalt blues, it does not change color by gaslight.
C. G. T. An abbreviation for Confédération Générale du Travail (the French syndicalist labor union).
Cha (chä),n.[Chin.ch‘a.] [Alsochaa,chais,tsia, etc.] Tea; -- the Chinese (Mandarin) name, used generally in early works of travel, and now for a kind of rolled tea used in Central Asia.
A pot with hot water . . . made with the powder of a certain herb calledchaa, which is much esteemed.
A pot with hot water . . . made with the powder of a certain herb calledchaa, which is much esteemed.
Tr. J. Van Linschoten's Voyages (1598).
Cha"gres fe"ver (?).(Med.)A form of malarial fever occurring along the Chagres River, Panama.
Chain tie.(Arch.)A tie consisting of a series of connected iron bars or rods.
Chal`a*zog"a*my (?),n.[Chalaza+-gamy, as inpolygamy.](Bot.)A process of fecundation in which the pollen tube penetrates to the embryosac through the tissue of the chalaza, instead of entering through the micropyle. It was originally discovered by Treub inCasuarina, and has since been found to occur regularly in the familiesBetulaceæandJuglandaceæ. Partial chalazogamy is found inUlmus, the tube here penetrating the nucleus midway between the chalaza and micropyle. -- Chal`a*zo*gam"ic (#),a.
||Cham`bran"le (?),n.[F.](Arch.)An ornamental bordering or framelike decoration around the sides and top of a door, window, or fireplace. The top piece is called thetraverseand the side pieces theascendants.
Cham"bray (?),n.[FromCambrai, France. Cf. Cambric.] A gingham woven in plain colors with linen finish.
||Cha`mi*sal" (?),n.[Amer. Sp., fr. Sp.chamizaa kind of wild cane.]1.(Bot.)A California rosaceous shrub (Adenostoma fasciculatum) which often forms an impenetrable chaparral.
2.A chaparral formed by dense growths of this shrub.
||Champ`le*vé" (?),a.[F., p. p. ofchampleverto engrave. See 3d Champ, Camp, Lever a bar.](Art)Having the ground engraved or cut out in the parts to be enameled; inlaid in depressions made in the ground; -- said of a kind of enamel work in which depressions made in the surface are filled with enamel pastes, which are afterward fired; also, designating the process of making such enamel work. --n.A piece of champlevé enamel; also, the process or art of making such enamel work; champlevé work.
Change gear.(Mach.)A gear by means of which the speed of machinery or of a vehicle may be changed while that of the propelling engine or motor remains constant; -- called alsochange-speed gear.
Change key. A key adapted to open only one of a set of locks; -- distinguished from amaster key.
||Chan`son" de geste" (?). [F., prop., song of history.] Any Old French epic poem having for its subject events or exploits of early French history, real or legendary, and written originally in assonant verse of ten or twelve syllables. The most famous one is theChanson de Roland.
Langtoft had written in the ordinary measure of the laterchansons de geste.
Langtoft had written in the ordinary measure of the laterchansons de geste.
Saintsbury.
Chant"ey (?),n.[Cf. F.chanterto sing, and Chant.n.] A sailor's song.
May we lift a deep-seachanteysuch as seamen use at sea?
May we lift a deep-seachanteysuch as seamen use at sea?
Kipling.
||Cha`pa*ra"jos (?),n. pl.[Mex. Sp.] Overalls of sheepskin or leather, usually open at the back, worn, esp. by cowboys, to protect the legs from thorny bushes, as in the chaparral; -- called alsochaparerasor colloq.chaps. [Sp. Amer.]
||Cha`pa*re"ras (?),n. pl.[Mex. Sp.] Same as Chaparajos. [Sp. Amer.]
Chaps (?),n. pl.Short for Chaparajos. [Colloq.]
Char"lie (?),n.1.A familiar nickname or substitute forCharles.
2.A night watchman; -- an old name.
3.A short, pointed beard, like that worn by Charles I.
4.As a proper name, a fox; -- so called in fables and familiar literature.
||Chasse (?),n.[See Chasse- cafÉ] A small potion of spirituous liquor taken to remove the taste of coffee, tobacco, or the like; -- originallychasse-café, lit., "coffee chaser."
||Chasse`-ca`fé" (?),n.[F., fr.chasserto chase +cafécoffee.] See Chasse,n., above.
||Chasse`-ma`rée" (?),n.[F., fr.chasserto chase +maréetide.](Naut.)A French coasting lugger.
Chas"sis (?),n.The under part of an automobile, consisting of the frame (on which the body is mounted) with the wheels and machinery.
Chat"ter mark`.(a)(Mach.)One of the fine undulations or ripples which are formed on the surface of work by a cutting tool which chatters.(b)(Geol.)A short crack on a rock surface planed smooth by a glacier.
||Chauf`feur" (?),n.[F., lit., stoker.]1.[pl.](F. Hist.)Brigands in bands, who, about 1793, pillaged, burned, and killed in parts of France; -- so called because they used to burn the feet of their victims to extort money.
2.One who manages the running of an automobile; esp., the paid operator of a motor vehicle.
||Chauf`feuse" (?),n.[F., fem. ofchauffeur.] A woman chauffeur.
Chau*tau"qua sys"tem (of education) (?). The system of home study established in connection with the summer schools assembled at Chautauqua, N. Y., by the Methodist Episcopal bishop, J. H. Vincent.
Cheese" cloth` (?). A thin, loosewoven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing cheese curds.
||Che"la (?),n.[Hind.chla, orig., slave, fr. Skr.ca,caka, slave, servant.] In India, a dependent person occupying a position between that of a servant or slave and a disciple; hence, a disciple or novice. -- Che"la*ship,n.
Che*mig"ra*phy (?),n.[Chemical+-graphy.] Any mechanical engraving process depending upon chemical action; specif., a process of zinc etching not employing photography. -- Chem`i*graph"ic (#),a.
||Che*mo"sis (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; a swelling of the cornea resembling a cockleshell, fr. &?; a gaping, hence a cockleshell.](Med.)Inflammatory swelling of the conjunctival tissue surrounding the cornea. -- Che*mot"ic (#),a.
Chem`os*mo"sis (?),n.[Chemical +osmosis.] Chemical action taking place through an intervening membrane. -- Chem`os*mot"ic (#),a.
Chem`o*syn"the*sis (?),n.[Chemical +synthesis.](Plant Physiol.)Synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical changes or reactions.Chemosynthesisof carbohydrates occurs in the nitrite bacteria through the oxidation of ammonia to nitrous acid, and in the nitrate bacteria through the conversion of nitrous into nitric acid. -- Chem`o*syn*thet"ic (#),a.
{Chem`o*tax"is (?),n.Formerly also Chem`i*o*tax"is}. [Chemical + Gr. &?; arrangement, fr. &?; to arrange.](Biol.)The sensitiveness exhibited by small free-swimming organisms, as bacteria, zoöspores of algæ, etc., to chemical substances held in solution. They may be attracted (positive chemotaxis) or repelled (negative chemotaxis). -- Chem`o*tac"tic (#),a.-- Chem`o*tac"tic*al*ly,adv.
Chev"y (?),n.[Written alsochivy, andchivvy.] [Prob. fr. the ballad ofChevy Chase; cf. Prov. E.chevychasea noise, confusion, pursuit.] [Eng.]1.A cry used in hunting.
2.A hunt; chase; pursuit.
3.The game of prisoners' base. See Base,n., 24.
||Chic (?),a.[F. Cf. Chic,n.] Original and in good taste or form. [Colloq.]
||Chi`ca*lo"te (?),n.[Sp., prob. of Mex. origin.](Bot.)A Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone platyceras), which has migrated into California.
Chi*cane" (?),n.(Card playing)In bridge, the holding of a hand without trumps, or the hand itself. It counts as simple honors.
{Chic"le (?),n., Chicle gum}. [Amer. Sp.chicle.] A gumlike substance obtained from the bully tree (Mimusops globosa) and sometimes also from the naseberry or sapodilla (Sapota zapotilla). It is more plastic than caoutchouc and more elastic than gutta-percha, as an adulterant of which it is used in England. It is used largely in the United States in making chewing gum.
Chi"co (?),n.1.Var. of Chica.
2.The common greasewood of the western United States (Sarcobatus vermiculatus).
3.In the Philippines, the sapodilla or its fruit; also, the marmalade tree or its fruit.
||Chif`fon" (?),n.[F., lit., rag. See Chiffonier.]1.Any merely ornamental adjunct of a woman's dress, as a bunch of ribbon, lace, etc.
2.A kind of soft gauzy material used for ruches, trimmings, etc.
||Chih" fu` (?). [Chin.chih fu, lit., (He who) knows (the) prefecture.] An official administering a prefecture of China; a prefect, supervising the civil business of the hsiens or districts comprised in his fu (which see).
||Chih" hsien` (?). [Chin.chih hsien, lit., (He who) knows (the) district.] An official having charge of a hsien, or administrative district, in China; a district magistrate, responsible for good order in his hsien (which see), and having jurisdiction in its civil and criminal cases.
||Chih" tai` (?). [Chin.chihto govern +t‘aian honorary title.] A Chinese governor general; a tsung tu (which see).
Child study. A scientific study of children, undertaken for the purpose of discovering the laws of development of the body and the mind from birth to manhood.
Chil"e*an (?),a.Of or pertaining to Chile.
Chil"e*an,n.A native or resident of Chile; Chilian.
Chilean pine.(Bot.)Same as Monkey- puzzle.
Chinese Exclusion Act. Any of several acts forbidding the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, originally from 1882 to 1892 by act of May 6, 1882, then from 1892 to 1902 by act May 5, 1892. By act of April 29, 1902, all existing legislation on the subject was reënacted and continued, and made applicable to the insular possessions of the United States.
||Chi`noi`se*rie" (sh`nw`z'*r"),n.[F.] Chinese conduct, art, decoration, or the like; also, a specimen of Chinese manners, art, decoration, etc.
Chi*nook" State. Washington -- a nickname. See Chinook,n.
Chip"pen*dale (?),a.Designating furniture designed, or like that designed, by Thomas Chippendale, an English cabinetmaker of the 18th century. Chippendale furniture was generally of simple but graceful outline with delicately carved rococo ornamentation, sculptured either in the solid wood or, in the cheaper specimens, separately and glued on. In the more elaborate pieces three types are recognized:French Chippendale, having much detail, like Louis Quatorze and Louis Quinze;Chinese Chippendale, marked by latticework and pagodalike pediments; andGothic Chippendale, attempting to adapt medieval details. The forms, as of the cabriole and chairbacks, often resemble Queen Anne. In chairs, the seat is widened at the front, and the back toward the top widened and bent backward, except in Chinese Chippendale, in which the backs are usually rectangular. -- Chip"pen*dal*ism (#),n.
It must be clearly and unmistakably understood, then, that, whenever painted (that is to say, decorated with painted enrichment) or inlaid furniture is described asChippendale, no matter where or by whom, it is a million chances to one that the description is incorrect.
It must be clearly and unmistakably understood, then, that, whenever painted (that is to say, decorated with painted enrichment) or inlaid furniture is described asChippendale, no matter where or by whom, it is a million chances to one that the description is incorrect.
R. D. Benn.
Chirm (?),n.[AS.cirm,cyrm.] Noise; din; esp.; confused noise, clamor, or hum of many voices, notes of birds, or the like.
{ Chit, Chit"ty (?) },n.[Hind.chi.]1.A short letter or note; a written message or memorandum; a certificate given to a servant; a pass, or the like.
2.A signed voucher or memorandum of a small debt, as for food and drinks at a club. [India, China, etc.]
{ ||Chi*var"ras (?), ||Chi*var"ros (?), }n. pl.[Mex. Sp.] Leggings. [Mex. & Southwestern U. S.]
Chlo"ro*plast (?),n.[Pref.chloro-+ Gr. &?; to mold, form.](Biol.)A plastid containing chlorophyll, developed only in cells exposed to the light. Chloroplasts are minute flattened granules, usually occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm near the cell wall, and consist of a colorless ground substance saturated with chlorophyll pigments. Under light of varying intensity they exhibit phototactic movements. In animals chloroplasts occur only in certain low forms.
Choke"bore` (?),n.1.In a shotgun, a bore which is tapered to a slightly smaller diameter at a short distance (usually 2½ to 3 inches) to the rear of the muzzle, in order to prevent the rapid dispersion of the shot.
2.A shotgun that is made with such a bore.
Choke"bore`,v. t.[imp. & p. p.Chokebored (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Chokeboring.] To provide with a chokebore.
Choking coil.(Elec.)A coil of small resistance and large inductance, used in an alternating-current circuit to impede or throttle the current, or to change its phase; -- called alsoreactance coilorreactor, these terms being now preferred in engineering usage.
Cho"ky (?),n.[From Hind.chaukiwatching, guard.]1.A station, as for collection of customs, for palanquin bearers, police, etc. [India]
2.Specif., a prison or lockup; a jail. [India, or Slang, Eng.]
||Cho`mage" (?),n.[F.chomage.]1.Stoppage; cessation (of labor).
2.A standing still or idle (of mills, factories, etc.).
{ Chop su"ey or soo"y } (?). [Chin. (Cantonese)shap suiodds and ends, fr.shapforsapto enter the mouth +suismall bits pounded fine.] A mélange served in Chinese restaurants to be eaten with rice, noodles, etc. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, etc., and sliced meats, fried and flavored with sesame oil. [U. S.]
Chor"tle (?),v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Chortled (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Chor"tling (&?;).] A word coined by Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), and usually explained as a combination ofchuckleandsnort. [Humorous]
O frabjous day ! Callooh ! Callay !Hechortledin his joy.
O frabjous day ! Callooh ! Callay !Hechortledin his joy.
Lewis Carroll.
||Chou (?),n.; pl.Choux(#). [F., fr. L.caulisstalk.]1.A cabbage.
2.A kind of light pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake, and with a filling, as of jelly or cream.
3.A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an ornament in women's dress.
Chow (?),n.[Chinchou.] A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city, as inFoochow.
Chris"tian,a.--Christian Endeavor, Young People's Society of. In various Protestant churches, a society of young people organized in each individual church to do Christian work; also, the whole body of such organizations, which are united in a corporation called the United Society of Christian Endeavor, organized in 1885. The parent society was founded in 1881 at Portland, Maine, by Rev. Francis E. Clark, a Congregational minister.
Christian Era. The era in use in all Christian countries, which was intended to commence with the birth of Christ. The era as now established was first used by Dionysius Exiguus (died about 540), who placed the birth of Christ on the 25th of December in the year of Rome 754, which year he counted as 1 a. d. This date for Christ's birth is now generally thought to be about four years too late.
Christian Science. A system of healing disease of mind and body which teaches that all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sickness, and death will be destroyed by a full understanding of the Divine Principle of Jesus' teaching and healing. The system was founded by Rev. Mary Baker Glover Eddy, of Concord, N. H., in 1866, and bases its teaching on the Scriptures as understood by its adherents.
Christian Scientist. A believer in Christian Science; one who practices its teachings.
Christian Seneca. Joseph Hall (1574 -- 1656), Bishop of Norwich, a divine eminent as a moralist.
Christian Socialism. Any theory or system that aims to combine the teachings of Christ with the teachings of socialism in their applications to life; Christianized socialism; esp., the principles of this nature advocated by F. D. Maurice, Charles Kingsley, and others in England about 1850. -- Christian socialist.
Chro"ma*tin (?),n.(Biol.)The deeply staining substance of the nucleus and chromosomes of cells, now supposed to be the physical basis of inheritance, and generally regarded as the same substance as the hypothetical idioplasm or germ plasm.
Chrome (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Chromed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Chroming.] [From Chrome,n.] To treat with a solution of potassium bichromate, as in dyeing.
Chrome steel. Same asChromium steel, under Steel.
Chro`mo*pho"to*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; color +photograph.] A picture made by any of the processes for reproducing photographs in colors. -- Chro`mo*pho`to*graph"ic (#),a.
Chron`o*pho"to*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; time +photograph.] One of a set of photographs of a moving object, taken for the purpose of recording and exhibiting successive phases of the motion. -- Chron`o*pho*tog"ra*phy,n.
Chtho"ni*an (?),a.[Gr. &?; in or under the earth, fr. &?;, &?;, earth.] Designating, or pertaining to, gods or spirits of the underworld; esp., relating to the underworld gods of the Greeks, whose worship is widely considered as more primitive in form than that of the Olympian gods. The characteristics of chthonian worship are propitiatory and magical rites and generalized or euphemistic names of the deities, which are supposed to have been primarily ghosts.
Chum,n.--New chum, a recent immigrant. [Australia]
Chu*pat"ty (?),n.; pl.- ties(#). [Hind.chapt.] A kind of griddlecake of unleavened bread, used among the natives of India. [Anglo-Indian]
{ Chu*pras"sy Chu*pras"sie } (?),n.[Hind.chaprss, fr.chaprsbadge.] A messenger or servant wearing an official badge. [Anglo-Indian]
Churr (?),n.[Cf. Chirr.] A vibrant or whirring noise such as that made by some insects, as the cockchafer, or by some birds, as the nightjar, the partridge, etc.
Churr,v. i.[imp. & p. p.Churred (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Churr"ing.] To make a churr, as a cockchafer.
That's thechurringof the nightjar.
That's thechurringof the nightjar.
Hall Caine.
Churr,v. t.To utter by churring.
Cinch,v. t.[imp. & p. p.Cinched (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Cinch"ing.]1.To put a cinch upon; to girth tightly. [Western U. S.]
2.To get a sure hold upon; to get into a tight place, as for forcing submission. [Slang, U. S.]
Cinch,v. i.To perform the action of cinching; to tighten the cinch; -- often withup. [Western U. S.]
Cinch,n.[Cf.cincha girth, a tight grip, as v., to get a sure hold upon; perh. so named from the tactics used in the game; also cf. Sp.cincofive (the five spots of the color of the trump being important cards).] A variety of auction pitch in which a draw to improve the hand is added, and the five of trumps (calledright pedro) and the five of the same color (calledleft pedro, and ranking between the five and the four of trumps) each count five on the score. Fifty-one points make a game. Called alsodouble pedroandhigh five.
Cinch,v. t.In the game of cinch, to protect (a trick) by playing a higher trump than the five.
Cin*cin"nus (?),n.; pl.- ni(#). [Alsocicinus,cicinnus.] [L., a curl of hair.](Bot.)A form of monochasium in which the lateral branches arise alternately on opposite sides of the false axis; -- called alsoscorpioid cyme. -- Cin*cin"nal (#),a.
Cin`e*mat"o*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?;, &?;, motion +-graph.]1.A machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features, for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to 50 a second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion; a moving-picture machine; also, any of several other machines or devices producing moving pictorial effects. Other common names for the cinematograph areanimatograph,biograph,bioscope,electrograph,electroscope,kinematograph,kinetoscope,veriscope,vitagraph,vitascope,zoögyroscope,zoöpraxiscope, etc.
Thecinematograph, invented by Edison in 1894, is the result of the introduction of the flexible film into photography in place of glass.
Thecinematograph, invented by Edison in 1894, is the result of the introduction of the flexible film into photography in place of glass.
Encyc. Brit.
2.A camera for taking chronophotographs for exhibition by the instrument described above.
Cin`e*ma*tog"ra*pher (?),n.One who exhibits moving pictures or who takes chronophotographs by the cinematograph. -- Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic (#),a.-- Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic*al*ly (#),adv.
Ci*ne"mo*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; motion +-graph.] An integrating anemometer.
Cin`que*cen"tist (?),n.1.An Italian of the sixteenth century, esp. a poet or artist.
2.A student or imitator of the art or literature of the Cinquecento.
Cit"range (?),n.[Citrus + orange.] A citrous fruit produced by a cross between the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange (Citrus trifoliata). It is more acid and has a more pronounced aroma than the orange; the tree is hardier. There are several varieties.
Civil Service Commission. In the United States, a commission appointed by the President, consisting of three members, not more than two of whom may be adherents of the same party, which has the control, through examinations, of appointments and promotions in the classified civil service. It was created by act of Jan, 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403).
Civil Service Reform. The substitution of business principles and methods for political methods in the conduct of the civil service. esp. the merit system instead of the spoils system in making appointments to office.
Clair*au"di*ence (?),n.[F.clairclear + F. & E.audiencea hearing. See Clear.] Act of hearing, or the ability to hear, sounds not normally audible; -- usually claimed as a special faculty of spiritualistic mediums, or the like.
Clair*au"di*ent (?),a.Pertaining to, or characterized by, clairaudience.
Clair*au"di*ent,n.One alleged to have the power of clairaudience.