{ Cul"ver's phys"ic (?),orCul"ver's root` (?) }. [So called after a Dr.Culver, who used it.](Bot.)The root of a handsome erect herb (Leptandra, syn. Veronica, Virginica) common in most moist woods of North America , used as an active cathartic and emetic; also, the plant itself.
Cum"mer*bund` (?),n.[Written alsokummerbund,cummerband, etc.] [Hind.kamarband, fr. Per.Kamarloins +bandfastening.] A sash for the waist; a girdle. [India]
Cum"quat (?),n.(Bot.)See Kumquat.
Cup"py (?),a.1.Hollow; cuplike; also, full of cups, or small depressions.
2.Characterized by cup shakes; -- said of timber.
Cup shake.(Forestry)A shake or fissure between the annual rings of a tree, found oftenest near the roots.
Cu*rette" (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Curetted (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Curetting.](Med.)To scrape with a curette.
Cu"ri*al (?),a.Of or pertaining to the papal curia; as, thecurialetiquette of the Vatican. --n.A member of a curia, esp. of that of Rome or the later Italian sovereignties.
Cus"cus (?),n.[The same word as Couscous, fr. F.couscouscouscous, Ar.kuskus.](Bot.)A soft grass (Pennisetum typhoideum) found in all tropical regions, used as food for men and cattle in Central Africa.
Cuscus oil. Same as Vetiver oil.
Cushion tire. A thick solid-rubber tire, as for a bicycle, with a hollow groove running lengthwise on the inside.
Cuss"ed*ness (?),n.[Cussed(forcursed) +-ness.] Disposition to willful wrongdoing; malignity; perversity; cantankerousness; obstinacy. [Slang or Colloq., U. S.]
In her opinion it was all pure "cussedness."
In her opinion it was all pure "cussedness."
Mrs. Humphry Ward.
Disputatiousness and perversity (what the Americans call "cussedness").
Disputatiousness and perversity (what the Americans call "cussedness").
James Bryce.
Cut,v. t.1.(Cricket)To deflect (a bowled ball) to the off, with a chopping movement of the bat.
2.(Billiards, etc.)To drive (an object ball) to either side by hitting it fine on the other side with the cue ball or another object ball.
3.(Lawn Tennis, etc.)To strike (a ball) with the racket inclined or struck across the ball so as to put a certain spin on the ball.
4.(Croqu&?;t)To drive (a ball) to one side by hitting with another ball.
Cut,v. t.--To cut out, to separate from the midst of a number; as,to cut outa steer from a herd;to cut outa car from a train.
Cut,n.1.(Lawn Tennis, etc.)A slanting stroke causing the ball to spin and bound irregularly; also, the spin so given to the ball.
2.(Cricket)A stroke on the off side between point and the wicket; also, one who plays this stroke.
Cu"tin (k"tn),n.[L.cutisskin, outside.](PLant Physiol.)A waxy substance which, combined with cellulose, forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.
Cy"cle,n.(a)(Thermodynamics)A series of operations in which heat is imparted to (or taken away from) a working substance which by its expansion gives up a part of its internal energy in the form of mechanical work (or being compressed increases its internal energy) and is again brought back to its original state.(b)(Elec.)A complete positive and negative wave of an alternating current; one period. The number of cycles (per second) is a measure of the frequency of an alternating current.
Cy"clone,n.1.(Meteor.)In general, a condition of the atmosphere characterized by a central area of pressure much lower than that of surrounding areas, and a system of winds blowing inward and around (clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the northern); -- called also alow-area storm. It is attended by high temperature, moist air, abundant precipitation, and clouded sky. The term includes the hurricane, typhoon, and tropical storms; it should not be applied to the moderate disturbances attending ordinary areas of low pressure nor to tornadoes, waterspouts, or "twisters," in which the vertical motion is more important than the horizontal.
2.A tornado. See above, and Tornado. [Middle U. S.]
{ Cyclone cellar or pit }. A cellar or excavation used for refuge from a cyclone, or tornado. [Middle U. S.]
Cy*clo"no*scope (?),n.[Cyclone+-scope.] An apparatus to assist in locating the center of a cyclone.
Cy"mo*graph (?),n.[Cyma+- graph.](a)An instrument for making tracings of the outline or contour of profiles, moldings, etc.(b)Var. of Kymograph. -- Cy`mo*graph"ic (#),a.
Cy"mo*graph,v. t.To trace or copy with a cymograph.
Cy*mom"e*ter (?),n.[Gr. &?; wave- meter.] An instrument for exhibiting and measuring wave motion; specif.(Elec.), an instrument for determining the frequency of electic wave oscillations, esp. in connection with wireless telegraphy.
Cy"mo*scope (?),n.[Gr. &?; wave +- scope.](Elec.)Any device for detecting the presence of electric waves. The influence of electric waves on the resistance of a particular kind of electric circuit, on the magnetization of steel, on the polarization of an electrolytic cell, or on the electric condition of a vacuum has been applied in the various cymoscopes.
D.
Da*hoon" (d*hn"), [Origin unknown.] An evergreen shrub or small tree (Ilex cassine) of the southern United States, bearing red drupes and having soft, white, close- grained wood; -- called alsodahoon holly.
||Da"ï*ra (?),n.[Turk.dairecircuit department, fr. Ar.daïrahcircle.] Any of several valuable estates of the Egyptian khedive or his family. The most important are theDa"i*ra Sa"ni*eh(&?;), orSa"ni*yeh, and theDa"i*ra Khas"sa, administered by the khedive's European bondholders, and known collectively asthe Daira, or theDaira estates.
Dalles (dlz),n. pl.[F.dallea tube, gutter, trough.] A rapid, esp. one where the channel is narrowed between rock walls. [Northwestern U. S. & Canada]
The place below, where the compressed river wound like a silver thread among the flat black rocks, was the far-famedDallesof the Columbia.
The place below, where the compressed river wound like a silver thread among the flat black rocks, was the far-famedDallesof the Columbia.
F. H. Balch.
Da*ma"ra (?),n.[The name is supposed to be from Hottentotdamavanquished.] A native of Damaraland, German Southwest Africa. The Damaras include an important and warlike Bantu tribe, and theHill Damaras, who are Hottentots and mixed breeds hostile to the Bantus.
Da*mas"cus steel. SeeDamask steel, under Damask.
{ Dan"die Din"mont (?), or Dan"die },n.1.In Scott's "Guy Mannering", a Border farmer of eccentric but fine character, who owns two terriers claimed to be the progenitors of the Dandie Dinmont terriers.
2.One of a breed of terriers with short legs, long body, and rough coat, originating in the country about the English and Scotch border.
Da`ri*ole" (?),n.[F.]1.A crustade. [Obs.]
2.A shell or cup of pastry filled with custard, whipped cream, crushed macaroons, etc.
Dash`een" (?),n.A tropical aroid (of the genusCaladium, syn.Colocasia) having an edible farinaceous root. It is related to the taro and to the tanier, but is much superior to it in quality and is as easily cooked as the potato. It is a staple food plant of the tropics, being prepared like potatoes, and has been introduced into the Southern United States.
Date line. The hypothetical line on the surface of the earth fixed by international or general agreement as a boundary on one side of which the same day shall have a different name and date in the calendar from its name and date on the other side.
Speaking generally, the date line coincides with the meridian 180° from Greenwich. It deflects between north latitudes 80° and 45°, so that all Asia lies to the west, all North America, including the Aleutian Islands, to the east of the line; and between south latitudes 12° and 56°, so that Chatham Island and the Tonga group lie to the west of it. A vessel crossing this line to the westward sets the date forward by one day, as from Sunday to Monday. A vessel crossing the line to the eastward sets the date back by one day, as from Monday to Sunday. Hawaii has the same day name as San Francisco; Manila, the same day name as Australia, and this is one day later than the day of Hawaii. Thus when it is Monday May 1st at San Francisco it is Tuesday may 2d at Manila.
Dea"con (?),v. t.With humorous reference to hypocritical posing: To pack (fruit or vegetables) with the finest specimens on top; to alter slyly the boundaries of (land); to adulterate or doctor (an article to be sold), etc. [Colloq., U. S.]
Dead,a.1.(Elec.)Carrying no current, or producing no useful effect; -- said of a conductor in a dynamo or motor, also of a telegraph wire which has no instrument attached and, therefore, is not in use.
2.Out of play; regarded as out of the game; -- said of a ball, a piece, or a player under certain conditions in cricket, baseball, checkers, and some other games.
[In golf], a ball is said to liedeadwhen it lies so near the hole that the player is certain to hole it in the next stroke.
[In golf], a ball is said to liedeadwhen it lies so near the hole that the player is certain to hole it in the next stroke.
Encyc. of Sport.
Dead"en,v. t.To render impervious to sound, as a wall or floor; to deafen.
De*ba"cle (?),n.A sudden breaking up or breaking loose; a violent dispersion or disruption; impetuous rush; outburst.
De*ben"ture,n.Any of various instruments issued, esp. by corporations, as evidences of debt. Such instruments (often calleddebenture bonds) are generally, through not necessarily, under seal, and are usually secured by a mortgage or other charge upon property; they may be registered or unregistered. A debenture secured by a mortgage on specific property is called amortgage debenture; one secured by a floating charge (which see), afloating debenture; one not secured by any chargea naked debenture. In general the termdebenturein British usage designates any security issued by companies other than their shares, including, therefore, what are in the United States commonly calledbonds. When used in the United Statesdebenturegenerally designates an instrument secured by a floating charge junior to other charges secured by fixed mortgages, or, specif., one of a series of securities secured by a group of securities held in trust for the benefit of the debenture holders.
Debenture stock.(Finance)The debt or series of debts, collectively, represented by a series of debentures; a debt secured by a trust deed of property for the benefit of the holders of shares in the debt or of a series of debentures. By the terms of much debenture stock the holders are not entitled to demand payment until the winding up of the company or default in payment; in the winding up of the company or default in payment; in the case of railway debentures, they cannot demand payment of the principal, and the debtor company cannot redeem the stock, except by authority of an act of Parliament. [Eng.]
De*bouch" (?),v. i.(Geog.)To issue; -- said of a stream passing from a gorge out into an open valley or a plain.
De*ca"dent (?),n.One that is decadent, or deteriorating; esp., one characterized by, or exhibiting, the qualities of those who are degenerating to a lower type; -- specif. applied to a certain school of modern French writers.
Thedecadentsand æsthetes, and certain types of realists.
Thedecadentsand æsthetes, and certain types of realists.
C. L. Dana.
The business men of a great State allow their State to be represented in Congress by "decadents".
The business men of a great State allow their State to be represented in Congress by "decadents".
The Century.
De*cath"lon (?),n.[See Deca-; Pentathlon.] In the modern Olympic Games, a composite contest consisting of a 100-meter run, a broad jump, putting the shot, a running high-jump, a 400-meter run, throwing the discus, a 100-meter hurdle race, pole vaulting, throwing the javelin, and a 1500-meter run.
De*cem"brist (?),n.(Russian Hist.)One of those who conspired for constitutional government against the Emperor Nicholas on his accession to the throne at the death of Alexander I., in December, 1825; -- called alsoDekabrist.
He recalls the history of thedecembrists. . . that gallant band of revolutionists.
He recalls the history of thedecembrists. . . that gallant band of revolutionists.
G. Kennan.
Dec"i*are` (?),n.[F.déciare; pref.déci-tenth (fr. L.decimus) +are. See 2d Are.](Metric System)A measure of area, the tenth part of an are; ten square meters.
Deck,n.(Aëronautics)A main aëroplane surface, esp. of a biplane or multiplane.
Dec"kle edge`. The rough, untrimmed edge of paper left by the deckle; also, a rough edge in imitation of this.
Dec"kle-edged` (?),a.Having a deckle edge; as,deckle-edgedpaper; adeckle-edgedbook.
De*class" (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Declassed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Declassing.] [Cf. F.déclasser.] To remove from a class; to separate or degrade from one's class.North Am. Rev.
De`co*her"er (?),n.[Pref.de-+coherer.](Elec.)A device for restoring a coherer to its normal condition after it has been affected by an electric wave, a process usually accomplished by some method of tapping or shaking, or by rotation of the coherer.
||Dé`col`le*tage" (d`k`l'*tzh),n.[F. See Décolleté.](Costume)The upper border or part of a décolleté corsage.
||Dé`col`le*té" (d`kl`le*t"),a.Wearing a décolleté gown.
Decoration Day. = Memorial Day. [U. S.]
||Dé`cu`lasse`ment" (?),n.[F.] Also, sometimes, Anglicized Dec`u*lass"ment (&?;).(Ordnance)An accidental blowing off of, or other serious damage to, the breechblock of a gun; also, a removal of the breechblock for the purpose of disabling the gun.
Deer"stalk`er (?),n.A close- fitting hat, with a low crown, such as is worn in deerstalking; also, any stiff, round hat. [Eng.]
De*fect"ive (?),n.1.Anything that is defective or lacking in some respect.
2.(Med.)One who is lacking physically or mentally.
Under the termdefectivesare included deaf-mutes, the blind, the feeble-minded, the insane, and sometimes, esp. in criminology, criminals and paupers.
||Dé`ga`gé" (?),a.[F., p. p. ofdégagerto disengage. See De-, lst Gage, and cf. Disgage.] Unconstrained; easy; free.Vanbrugh.
A graceful anddégagémanner.
A graceful anddégagémanner.
Poe.
De*germ" (?),v. t.(Milling)To extract the germs from, as from wheat grains.
De*ger"mi*na`tor (?),n.(Milling)A machine for breaking open the kernels of wheat or other grain and removing the germs.
De*glaze" (?),v. t.To remove the glaze from, as pottery or porcelain, so as to give a dull finish.
||Dé`gras" (?), Deg"ras (&?;),n.[F.; cf. F.gras, a. & n., fat.] A semisolid emulsion produced by the treatment of certain skins with oxidized fish oil, which extracts their soluble albuminoids. It was formerly solely a by-product of chamois leather manufacture, but is now made for its own sake, being valuable as a dressing for hides.
De*grease" (?),v. t.To remove grease or fatty matter from, as wool or silk.
De*gum" (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Degummed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Degumming.] To deprive of, or free from, gum; as, todegumramie.
Dek"a*brist (?),n.A Decembrist.
Del`i*ca*tes"sen (?),n. pl.[G., fr. F.délicatesse.] Relishes for the table; dainties; delicacies. "A dealer indelicatessen".G. H. Putnam.
De*lig"nate (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Delignated (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Delignating.] [Pref.de-+ L.lignumwood.]1.To clear or strip of wood (by cutting down trees). [R.]Fuller.
2.To strip or remove the wood from; as, todelignateramie, in the preparation of ribbons of the fiber for further working.
Del*sarte" (?),n.,orDelsarte system. A system of calisthenics patterned on the theories of François Delsarte (1811 -- 71), a French teacher of dramatic and musical expression.
Del"ta,n.1.The fourth letter of the Greek alphabet ( δ), answering to D. Hence, an object having the shape of the capital .
2.(Elec.)The closed figure produced by connecting three coils or circuits successively, end for end, esp. in a three-phase system; -- often used attributively, asdeltawinding,deltaconnection (which see), etc.
Delta connection.(Elec.)One of the usual forms or methods for connecting apparatus to a three-phase circuit, the three corners of the delta or triangle, as diagrammatically represented, being connected to the three wires of the supply circuit.
Delta current.(Elec.)The current flowing through a delta connection.
De*mit" (?),v. i.[F.démettreto remove,se démettreto resign;dé-(L.dis-) +mettreto put, fr. L.mittereto send. Cf. Dismiss.] To lay down or relinquish an office, membership, authority, or the like; to resign, as from a Masonic lodge; -- generally used with an implication that the act is voluntary.
De*mit",n.The act of demitting; also, a letter, certificate, or the like, certifying that a person has (honorably) demitted, as from a Masonic lodge.
||De*mi"-tasse" (?),n.[F., half cup.] A small cup for, or of, black coffee.
Dem"o*crat,n.A large light uncovered wagon with two or more seats. [U. S.]
De*mote" (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Demoted (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Demoting (?).] [Pref.de-+mote, as inpromote; cf. L.demovereto remove.] To reduce to a lower grade, as in school.
De*mot"ics (?),n.The department of knowledge relative to the care and culture of the people; sociology in its broadest sense; -- in library cataloguing.
De*mount"a*ble (?), [See De-; Mount.] Capable of being dismounted; -- said of a form of rim, for an automobile wheel, which can be removed with its tire from the wheel.
De*na"ture (?),v. t.[De-+nature.] To deprive of its natural qualities; change the nature of.
De*part"ment store. A store keeping a great variety of goods which are arranged in several departments, esp. one with dry goods as the principal stock.
De*phase" (?),v. t.(Elec.)To put out of phase, as two parts of a single alternating current.
Depth,n.(Aëronautics)The perpendicular distance from the chord to the farthest point of an arched surface.
De*queen" (?),v. t.(Apiculture)To remove the queen from (a hive of bees).
De*re"cho (?),n.[Sp.derechostraight.] A straight wind without apparent cyclonic tendency, usually accompanied with rain and often destructive, common in the prairie regions of the United States.
||De ri`gueur" (?). [F. See 2d Rigor.] According to strictness (of etiquette, rule, or the like); obligatory; strictly required.
Der`iva"tion,n.The formation of a word from its more original or radical elements; also, a statement of the origin and history of a word.
Der"rick,n.(Mining)The pyramidal structure or tower over a deep drill hole, such as that of an oil well.
Der"vish,n.One of the fanatical followers of the Mahdi, in the Sudan.
Des"ic*ca`tor (?),n.One that desiccates; specif.:(a)(Chem., etc.)A short glass jar fitted with an air-tight cover, and containing some desiccating agent, as calcium chloride, above which is placed the material to be dried or preserved from moisture.(b)A machine or apparatus for drying fruit, milk, etc., usually by the aid of heat; an evaporator.
De*stroy"er,n.= Torpedo-boat destroyer.
De*struct"or,n.A furnace or oven for the burning or carbonizing of refuse; specif.(Sewage Disposal), a furnace (called in fullrefuse destructor) in which the more solid constituents of sewage are burnt. Destructors are often so constructed as to utilize refuse as fuel.
De*tail",n.(Arch. & Mach.)(a)A minor part, as, in a building, the cornice, caps of the buttresses, capitals of the columns, etc., or (calledlarger details) a porch, a gable with its windows, a pavilion, or an attached tower.(b)A detail drawing.
In detail, in subdivisions; part by part; item by item; circumstantially; with particularity.
De*tect"or,n.Specifically:(a)An indicator showing the depth of the water in a boiler.(b)(Elec.)A galvanometer, usually portable, for indicating the direction of a current.(c)(Elec.)Any of various devices for detecting the presence of electric waves.
De*tect"or bar.(Railroads)A bar, connected with a switch, longer than the distance between any two consecutive wheels of a train (45 to 50 feet), laid inside a rail and operated by the wheels so that the switch cannot be thrown until all the train is past the switch.
Det"o*na`tor (?),n.One that detonates; specif.:(a)An explosive whose action is practically instantaneous.(b)Something used to detonate a charge, as a detonating fuse.(c)A case containing detonating powder, the explosion of which serves as a signal, as on railroads.(d)A gun fired by a percussion cap. [Obs.]
De*vel"op*er,n.One that develops; specif.:(a)(Photog.)A chemical bath or reagent used in developing photographs.(b)(Dyeing)A reagent used to produce an ingrain color by its action upon some substance on the fiber.
Dew"ar ves`sel (d"r). [After Sir JamesDewar, British physicist.] A double-walled glass vessel for holding liquid air, etc., having the space between the walls exhausted so as to prevent conduction of heat, and sometimes having the glass silvered to prevent absorption of radiant heat; -- called also, according to the particular shape,Dewar bulb,Dewar tube, etc.
Dex"ter,n.[Prob. so named after the original breeder.] One of a breed of small hardy cattle originating from the Kerry breed of Ireland, valuable both for beef and milk. They are usually chiefly black, sometimes red, and somewhat resemble a small shorthorn in build. Called alsoDexter Kerry.
Di*ab"o*lo (d*b"*l),n.An old game or sport (revived under this name) consisting in whirling on a string, fastened to two sticks, a small somewhat spool-shaped object (called thediabolo) so as to balance it on a string, toss it in the air and catch it, etc.
{ Diamond anniversary, jubilee, etc. } One celebrated upon the completion of sixty, or, according to some, seventy-five, years from the beginning of the thing commemorated.
Diamond State. Delaware; -- a nickname alluding to its small size.
||Di*as"po*ra (?),n.[Gr. &?;. See Diaspore.] Lit., "Dispersion." -- applied collectively:(a)To those Jews who, after the Exile, were scattered through the Old World, and afterwards to Jewish Christians living among heathen. Cf.James i. 1.(b)By extension, to Christians isolated from their own communion, as among the Moravians to those living, usually as missionaries, outside of the parent congregation.
Dick"ey,1.A hat; esp., in U. S., a stiff hat or derby; in Eng., a straw hat. [Slang]
2.One of various animals; specif.:(a)A donkey.(b)Any small bird; -- called alsodickey bird. [Colloq.](c)The hedge sparrow. [Dial. Eng.](d)The haddock.
3.In a carriage:(a)A seat for the driver; -- called alsodickey box.(b)A seat at the back for servants.
Dic"ta*graph (?). Var. of Dictograph.
Dic"ta*phone (?),n.[Dictate +-phone, as intelephone.] A form of phonographic recorder and reproducer adapted for use in dictation, as in business.
Dic"to*graph (?),n.[L.dictuma thing said + E.-graph.] A telephonic instrument for office or other similar use, having a sound-magnifying device enabling the ordinary mouthpiece to be dispensed with. Much use has been made of it for overhearing, or for recording, conversations for the purpose of obtaining evidence for use in litigation.
The makers of this instrument spell itdictograph.
{ Die"sel en`gine or mo`tor (?) }. [After Dr. Rudolf Diesel, of Munich, the inventor.] A type of internal- combustion engine in which the air drawn in by the suction stroke is so highly compressed that the heat generated ignites the fuel (usually crude oil), the fuel being automatically sprayed into the cylinder under pressure. The Diesel engine has a very high thermal efficiency.
Di"et,n.Specifically: Any of various national or local assemblies; as,(a)Occasionally, the Reichstag of the German Empire, Reichsrath of the Austrian Empire, the federal legislature of Switzerland, etc.(b)The legislature of Denmark, Sweden, Japan, or Hungary.(c)The state assembly or any of various local assemblies in the states of the German Empire, as the legislature (Landtag) of the kingdom of Prussia, and the Diet of the Circle (Kreistag) in its local government.(d)The local legislature (Landtag) of an Austrian province.(e)The federative assembly of the old Germanic Confederation (1815 -- 66).(f)In the old German or Holy Roman Empire, the great formal assembly of counselors (the Imperial Diet or Reichstag) or a small, local, or informal assembly of a similar kind (the Court Diet, or Hoftag). The most celebrated Imperial Diets are the three following, all held under Charles V.:Diet of Worms, 1521, the object of which was to check the Reformation and which condemned Luther as a heretic;D. of Spires, or Speyer, 1529, which had the same object and issued an edict against the further dissemination of the new doctrines, against which edict Lutheran princes and deputies protested (henceProtestants):D. of Augsburg, 1530, the object of which was the settlement of religious disputes, and at which the Augsburg Confession was presented but was denounced by the emperor, who put its adherents under the imperial ban.
Dig,v. i.1.To work hard or drudge; specif. (U. S.): To study ploddingly and laboriously. [Colloq.]
Peterdugat his books all the harder.
Peterdugat his books all the harder.
Paul L. Ford.
2.(Mach.)Of a tool: To cut deeply into the work because ill set, held at a wrong angle, or the like, as when a lathe tool is set too low and so sprung into the work.
To dig out, to depart; to leave, esp. hastily; decamp. [Slang, U. S.]
Dig,n.1.A tool for digging. [Dial. Eng.]
2.An act of digging.
3.An amount to be dug.
4.(Mining)= Gouge.
Di*he"dral (?),a.1.Of a kite or an aëroplane, having wings that make with one another a dihedral angle, esp. when the angle between the upper sides is less than 180°.
2.(Aëronautics)Of wing pairs, inclined at an upward angle to each other.
Ding"dong` the"o*ry.(Philol.)The theory which maintains that the primitive elements of language are reflex expressions induced by sensory impressions; that is, as stated by Max Müller, the creative faculty gave to each general conception as it thrilled for the first time through the brain a phonetic expression; -- jocosely so called from the analogy of the sound of a bell induced by the stroke of the clapper.
||Di`o*ny"si*a (?),n. pl.[L., fr. Gr. &?;.](Class. Antiq.)Any of the festivals held in honor of the Olympian god Dionysus. They correspond to the Roman Bacchanalia; the greater Dionysia were held at Athens in March or April, and were celebrated with elaborate performances of both tragedies and comedies.
Di`o*ny"si*ac (?),a.Of or pertaining to Dionysus or to the Dionysia; Bacchic; as, aDionysiacfestival; theDionysiactheater at Athens.
Dip,n.1.A gymnastic exercise on the parallel bars in which the performer, resting on his hands, lets his arms bend and his body sink until his chin is level with the bars, and then raises himself by straightening his arms.
2.In the turpentine industry, the viscid exudation, which is dipped out from incisions in the trees; as, virgindip(the runnings of the first year), yellowdip(the runnings of subsequent years).
3.(Aëronautics)A sudden drop followed by a climb, usually to avoid obstacles or as the result of getting into an airhole.
Di"plex (?),a.[Pref.di-+- plex, as in duplex.](Teleg.)Pertaining to the sending of two messages in the same direction at the same time.Diplexandcontraplexare the two varieties ofduplex.
Dip"lo*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; double +-graph.] An instrument used for double writing, as one for producing embossed writing for the blind and ordinary writing at the same time. -- Dip`lo*graph"ic*al (#),a.-- Dip*log"ra*phy (#),n.
{ Dip"sey, Dip"sie, Dip"sy } (?),a.Deep-sea; as, adipseyline; adipsylead. [Sailor's Cant]
{ Dip"sey, Dip"sie, Dip"sy },n.1.A sinker attached to a fishing line; also, a line having several branches, each with such a sinker, used in deep-sea fishing. [Local, U. S.]
2.(Naut.)A deep-sea lead. [Rare]
Di*rect",a.(Political Science)Pertaining to, or effected immediately by, action of the people through their votes instead of through one or more representatives or delegates; as,directnomination,directlegislation.
Direct action.(Trade unions)See Syndicalism, below.
Di*rect"-cou"pled (?),a.Coupled without intermediate connections, as an engine and a dynamo.
Direct-coupled antenna(Wireless Teleg.), an antenna connected electrically with one point of a closed oscillation circuit in syntony with it and earthed.
Direct current.(Elec.)(a)A current flowing in one direction only; -- distinguished fromalternating current. When steady and not pulsating a direct current is often called acontinuous current.(b)A direct induced current, or momentary current of the same direction as the inducing current, produced by stopping or removing the latter; also, a similar current produced by removal of a magnet.
Direct nomination.(Political Science)The nomination or designation of candidates for public office by direct popular vote rather than through the action of a convention or body of elected nominating representatives or delegates. The term is applied both to the nomination of candidates without any nominating convention, and, loosely, to the nomination effected, as in the case of candidates for president or senator of the United States, by the election of nominating representatives pledged or instructed to vote for certain candidates dssignated by popular vote.
Di`rec`toire" style (?).(Dressmaking)A style of dress prevalent at the time of the French Directory, characterized by great extravagance of design and imitating the Greek and Roman costumes.
Direct primary.(Political Science)A primary by which direct nominations of candidates for office are made.
Dis`ap*pear"ing,p. pr. & vb. n.of Disappear.
Disappearing carriage(Ordnance), a carriage for heavy coast guns on which the gun is raised above the parapet for firing and upon discharge is lowered behind the parapet for protection. The standard type of disappearing carriage in the coast artillery of the United States army is theBuffington-Crozier carriage, in which the gun trunnions are secured at the upper and after ends of a pair of heavy levers, at the lower ends of which is attached a counterweight of lead. The levers are pivoted at their middle points, which are, with the top carriage, permitted restrained motion along the slightly inclined chassis rails. The counterweight is held in place by a pawl and ratchet. When the gun is loaded the pawl is released and the counterweight sinks, raising the gun to the firing position above the parapet. The recoil following the discharge returns the gun to the loading position, the counterweight rising until the pawl engages the ratchet.
Dis*charge",v. t.(Textile Dyeing & Printing)To bleach out or to remove or efface, as by a chemical process; as, todischargethe color from a dyed fabric in order to form light figures on a dark ground.
Dis*charge",n.(Elec.)The equalization of a difference of electric potential between two points. The character of the discharge is mostly determined by the nature of the medium through which it takes place, the amount of the difference of potential, and the form of the terminal conductors on which the difference exists. The discharge may be alternating, continuous, brush, connective, disruptive, glow, oscillatory, stratified, etc.
Dis*cov"er*y Day. = Columbus Day, above.
Disk clutch.(Engin.)A friction clutch in which the gripping surfaces are disks or more or less resemble disks.
Dis*trib"u*tor (?),n.[L.] One that distributes; a distributer; specif.:(a)A machine for distributing type.(b)An appliance, as a roller, in a printing press, for distributing ink.(c)An apparatus for distributing an electric current, either to various points in rotation, as in some motors, or along two or more lines in parallel, as in a distributing system.
||Di"va (d"v),n.;It. pl.Dive(d"v). [It., prop. fem. ofdivodivine, L.divus.] A prima donna.
Di*vin"i*ty calf` (?).(Bookbinding)Calf stained dark brown and worked without gilding, often used for theological books.
Do (?),v. t.1.To perform work upon, about, for, or at, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, or the like.
The sergeants seem todothemselves pretty well.
The sergeants seem todothemselves pretty well.
Harper's Mag.
2.To deal with for good and all; to finish up; to undo; to ruin; to do for. [Colloq. or Slang]
Sometimes they lie in wait in these dark streets, and fracture his skull, . . . or break his arm, or cut the sinew of his wrist; and that they calldoinghim.
Sometimes they lie in wait in these dark streets, and fracture his skull, . . . or break his arm, or cut the sinew of his wrist; and that they calldoinghim.
Charles Reade.
Dob"by (?),n.(Weaving)An apparatus resembling a Jacquard for weaving small figures (usually about 12 - 16 threads, seldom more than 36 - 40 threads).
Do*bell's" so*lu"tion (?).(Med.)An aqueous solution of carbolic acid, borax, sodium bicarbonate, and glycerin, used as a spray in diseases of the nose and throat.
Doe, John.(Law)The fictitious lessee acting as plaintiff in the common-law action of ejectment, the fictitious defendant being usually denominatedRichard Roe. Hence, a fictitious name for a party, real or fictitious, to any action or proceeding.
Doff"er (?),n.1.(Mach.)A revolving cylinder, or a vibrating bar, with teeth, in a carding machine, which doffs, or strips off, the fiber from the cards.
2.(Spinning)A worker who replaces full bobbins by empty ones on the throstle or ring frames.
Dol"er*ite (?),n.[Gr. &?; deceptive, because easily confounded with diorite.](Petrography)(a)A dark, crystalline, igneous rock, chiefly pyroxene with labradorite.(b)Coarse- grained basalt.(c)Diabase.(d)Any dark, igneous rock composed chiefly of silicates of iron and magnesium with some feldspar. -- Dol`er*it"ic (#),a.
Dol"man (?),n.;pl.Dolmans.1.A woman's cloak with capelike pieces instead of sleeves.
2.The uniform jacket of many European hussar regiments, worn like a cloak, fastened with a cord or chain, and with sleeves hanging loose.
Dom"i*ne (?),n.A clergyman.
Do*min"ion Day. In Canada, a legal holiday, July lst, being the anniversary of the proclamation of the formation of the Dominion in 1867.
Dom"i*no whist. A game of cards in which the suits are played in sequence, beginning with a 5 or 9, the player who gets rid of his cards first being the winner.
Don"go*la (?),n.1.A government of Upper Egypt.
2.Dongola kid.
Dongola kid,D. leather, leather made by the Dongola process. --D. process, a process of tanning goatskin, and now also calfskin and sheepskin, with a combination of vegetable and mineral agents, so that it resembles kid. --D. race, a boat race in which the crews are composed of a number of pairs, usually of men and women.
||Don`née" (?),n.[F., fr.donnerto give.] Lit., given; hence, in a literary work, as a drama or tale, that which is assumed as to characters, situation, etc., as a basis for the plot or story.W. E. Henley.
That favorite romancedonnéeof the heir kept out of his own.
That favorite romancedonnéeof the heir kept out of his own.
Saintsbury.
Dope (dp),n.[D.doopa dipping, fr.doopento dip. Cf. Dip.]1.Any thick liquid or pasty preparation, as of opium for medicinal purposes, of grease for a lubricant, etc.
2.Any preparation, as of opium, used to stupefy or, in the case of a race horse, to stimulate. [Slang or Cant]
3.An absorbent material; esp., in high explosives, the sawdust, infusorial earth, mica, etc., mixed with nitroglycerin to make a damp powder (dynamite, etc.) less dangerous to transport, and ordinarily explosive only by suitable fulminating caps.
4.Information concerning the previous performances of race horses, or other facts concerning them which may be of assistance in judging of their chances of winning future races; sometimes, similar information concerning other sports. [Sporting Slang]
Dope,v. t.1.To treat or affect with dope; as, todopenitroglycerin; specif.:(a)To give stupefying drugs to; to drug. [Slang](b)To administer a stimulant to (a horse) to increase his speed. It is a serious offense against the laws of racing. [Race-track Slang]
2.To judge or guess; to predict the result of, as by the aid of dope. [Slang]
Dope"-book`,n.A chart of previous performances, etc., of race horses. [Race-track Slang]
Dop"ey (?),a.Affected by "dope"; esp., sluggish or dull as though under the influence of a narcotic. [Slang]
||Dop"pel*gäng`er (?),n.[G.] A spiritual or ghostly double or counterpart; esp., an apparitional double of a living person; a cowalker.
Dor"my (?),a.[Origin uncertain.](Golf)Up, or ahead, as many holes as remain to be played; -- said of a player or side.
A player who isdormycan not be beaten, and at the worst must halve the match.Encyc. of Sport.
||Dos`-à-dos" (?),adv.[F.] Back to back; as, to sitdos-à-dosin a dogcart; to dancedos-à-dos, or so that two dancers move forward and pass back to back.
||Dos`-à-dos",n.A sofa, open carriage, or the like, so constructed that the occupants sit back to back.
Dos"age (ds"j),n.[Cf. F.dosage. See Dose,v.]1.(Med.)The administration of medicine in doses; specif., a scheme or system of grading doses of medicine according to age, etc.
2.The process of adding some ingredient, as to wine, to give flavor, character, or strength.
Do*sim"e*try (?),n.[NL.dosisdose +-metry.](Med.)Measurement of doses; specif., a system of therapeutics which uses but few remedies, mostly alkaloids, and gives them in doses fixed by certain rules. -- Do`si*met"ric (#),a.-- Do*sim"e*trist (#),n.
Doss (?),n.[Etym. uncertain.] A place to sleep in; a bed; hence, sleep. [Slang]
Doss house. A cheap lodging house.
They [street Arabs] consort together and sleep in lowdoss houseswhere they meet with all kinds of villainy.
They [street Arabs] consort together and sleep in lowdoss houseswhere they meet with all kinds of villainy.
W. Besant.
||Dos`sier" (ds`sy";E.ds"s*r),n.[F., back of a thing, bulging bundle of papers, fr.dosback.] A bundle containing the papers in reference to some matter.
Dot"ty (?),a.[From 2d Dot.]1.Composed of, or characterized by, dots.
2.[Perh. a different word; cf. Totty.] Unsteady in gait; hence, feeble; half-witted. [Eng.]
Dou"ble (?),n.A person or thing that is the counterpart of another; a duplicate; copy; (Obs.) transcript; -- now chiefly used of persons. Hence, a wraith.
My charming friend . . . has, I am almost sure, adouble, who preaches his afternoon sermons for him.
My charming friend . . . has, I am almost sure, adouble, who preaches his afternoon sermons for him.
E. E. Hale.
Dou"ble-deck"er,n.(a)A tenement house having two families on each floor. [Local, U. S.](b)A biplane aëroplane or kite. [Colloq.]
Dou"ble*gang`er (?),n.[G.doppelgänger;doppeldouble +gängerwalker.] An apparition or double of a living person; a doppelgänger.
Either you are Hereward, or you are hisdoubleganger.
Either you are Hereward, or you are hisdoubleganger.
C. Kingsley.
Double pedro. Cinch (the game).
Dou"bler (?),n.1.A part of a distilling apparatus for intercepting the heavier fractions and returning them to be redistilled.
2.(Calico Printing)A blanket or felt placed between the fabric and the printing table or cylinder.
Dou"ble-sur"faced (?),a.Having two surfaces; -- said specif. of aëroplane wings or aërocurves which are covered on both sides with fabric, etc., thus completely inclosing their frames.
||Dou`blure" (?),n.[F.]1.(Bookbinding)The lining of a book cover, esp. one of unusual sort, as of tooled leather, painted vellum, rich brocade, or the like.
2.(Paleon.)The reflexed margin of the trilobite carapace.
Down"com`er (?),n.A pipe to conduct something downwards; specif.:(a)(Iron Manuf.)A pipe for leading the hot gases from the top of a blast furnace downward to the regenerators, boilers, etc.(b)(Steam Engin.)In some water-tube boilers, a tube larger in diameter than the water tubes to conduct the water from each top drum to a bottom drum, thus completing the circulation.
Down"-wind`,adv.With the wind.
||Doy`en" (?),n.[F. See Dean.] Lit., a dean; the senior member of a body or group; as, thedoyenof French physicians. "Thisdoyenof newspapers."A. R. Colquhoun.
{ Drag line or rope }.(Aëronautics)A guide rope.
Draw (?),v. t.1.In various games:(a)(Cricket)To play (a short-length ball directed at the leg stump) with an inclined bat so as to deflect the ball between the legs and the wicket.(b)(Golf)To hit (the ball) with the toe of the club so that it is deflected toward the left.(c)(Billiards)To strike (the cue ball) below the center so as to give it a backward rotation which causes it to take a backward direction on striking another ball.(d)(Curling)To throw up (the stone) gently.
2.To leave (a contest) undecided; as, the battle or game wasdrawn.
Draw,n.1.The result of drawing, or state of being drawn; specif.:(a)A drawn battle, game, or the like.(b)The spin or twist imparted to a ball, or the like, by a drawing stroke.
2.That which is drawn or is subject to drawing.
Dread"nought` (?),n.1.A British battleship, completed in 1906 -- 1907, having an armament consisting of ten 12-inch guns, and of twenty-four 12-pound quick-fire guns for protection against torpedo boats. This was the first battleship of the type characterized by a main armament of big guns all of the same caliber. She has a displacement of 17,900 tons at load draft, and a speed of 21 knots per hour.
2.Any battleship having its main armament entirely of big guns all of one caliber. Since the Dreadnought was built, the caliber of the heaviest guns has increased from 12 in. to 13½ in., 14 in., and 15 in., and the displacement of the largest batteships from 18,000 tons to 30,000 tons and upwards. The termsuperdreadnoughtis popularly applied to battleships with such increased displacement and gun caliber.
||Drei"bund` (?),n.[G., fr.dreithree +bundleague.] A triple alliance; specif., the alliance of Germany, Austria, and Italy, formed in 1882.
Dress circle. A gallery or circle in a theater, generally the first above the floor, in which originally dress clothes were customarily worn.
Dress"er,n.[F.dressoir. See Dress,v. t.] A piece of chamber furniture consisting of a chest of drawers, or bureau, with a mirror. [U. S.]
Drib"ble (?),v. t.In various games, to propel (the ball) by successive slight hits or kicks so as to keep it always in control.
Drib"ble,v. i.1.In football and similar games, to dribble the ball.
2.To live or pass one's time in a trivial fashion.
Drib"ble,n.An act of dribbling a ball.
Drift,n.1.(Phys. Geog.)One of the slower movements of oceanic circulation; a general tendency of the water, subject to occasional or frequent diversion or reversal by the wind; as, the easterlydriftof the North Pacific.
2.(Aëronautics)The horizontal component of the pressure of the air on the sustaining surfaces of a flying machine. Theliftis the corresponding vertical component, which sustains the machine in the air.
Drive,v. i.(Golf)To make a drive, or stroke from the tee.
Drive,v. t.Specif., in various games, as tennis, baseball, etc., to propel (the ball) swiftly by a direct stroke or forcible throw.
Drive,n.1.In various games, as tennis, cricket, etc., the act of player who drives the ball; the stroke or blow; the flight of the ball, etc., so driven.
2.(Golf)A stroke from the tee, generally a full shot made with a driver; also, the distance covered by such a stroke.
6.An implement used for driving; as:(a)A mallet.(b)A tamping iron.(c)A cooper's hammer for driving on barrel hoops.(d)A wooden- headed golf club with a long shaft, for playing the longest strokes.[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Drome (drm),n.Short for Aërodrome. [Slang]
Drove (?),v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Droved (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Droving (?).] [Cf. Drove,n., and Drover.]1.To drive, as cattle or sheep, esp. on long journeys; to follow the occupation of a drover.
He'sdrovingnow with Conroy's sheep along the Castlereagh.
He'sdrovingnow with Conroy's sheep along the Castlereagh.
Paterson.
2.To finish, as stone, with a drove or drove chisel.
Drum winding.(Elec.)A method of armature winding in which the wire is wound upon the outer surface of a cylinder or drum from end to end of the cylinder; -- distinguished fromring winding, etc.
Du`chesse" lace (?). A beautiful variety of Brussels pillow lace made originally in Belgium and resembling Honiton guipure. It is worked with fine thread in large sprays, usually of the primrose pattern, with much raised work.
Duff (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Duffed;p. pr. & vb. n.Duffing.] [Etym. uncertain.] [Colloq. or Slang]1.To treat or manipulate so as to give a specious appearance to; to fake; hence, to cheat.
2.In Australia, to alter the brands on (cattle, horses, etc.); to steal (cattle, etc.), and alter their brands.
Duf"fel,n.Outfit or suppplies, collectively; kit. [Colloq., U. S.]
Duffel bag. A sack to hold miscellaneous articles, as tools, supplies, or the like.
Duf"fer,n.1.(Mining)See Shicer.
2.(Zoöl.)Any common domestic pigeon.
Duf"fer,n.One who duffs cattle, etc. [Australia]
Unluckily, cattle stealers are by no means so rare as would be desirable; they are locally known asduffers.
Unluckily, cattle stealers are by no means so rare as would be desirable; they are locally known asduffers.
Baden-Powell.
{ Du*kho*bors" (?), Du*kho*bor"tsy (?) },n. pl.[Russ.dukhobortsyspirit wrestlers;dukhspirit +bortsywrestlers.] A Russian religious sect founded about the middle of the 18th century at Kharkov. They believe that Christ was wholly human, but that his soul reappears from time to time in mortals. They accept the Ten Commandments and the "useful" portions of the Bible, but deny the need of rulers, priests, or churches, and have no confessions, icons, or marriage ceremonies. They are communistic, opposed to any violence, and unwilling to use the labor of animals. Driven out of Russia proper, many have emigrated to Cyprus and Canada. See Raskolnik, below.
Dum"dum bul"let (?).(Mil.)A kind of manstopping bullet; -- so named fromDumdum, in India, where bullets are manufactured for the Indian army.
Dump"y lev"el.(Surv.)A level having a short telescope (hence its name) rigidly fixed to a table capable only of rotatory movement in a horizontal plane. The telescope is usually an inverting one. It is sometimes called theTroughton level, from the name of the inventor, and a variety improved by one Gavatt is known as theGavatt level.
Du"o*graph (?),n.[L.duotwo +-graph.](Photo-engraving)A picture printed from two half-tone plates made with the screen set at different angles, and usually printed in two shades of the same color or in black and one tint.
Du"o*tone (?),n.[L.duotwo +tone.](Photoengraving)Any picture printed in two shades of the same color, as duotypes and duographs are usually printed.
Du"o*type (?),n.[L.duotwo +type.](Photoengraving)A print made from two half- tone plates made from the same negative, but etched differently.
Du"plex (?),v. t.[See Duplex,a.](Teleg.)To arrange, as a telegraph line, so that two messages may be transmitted simultaneously; to equip with a duplex telegraphic outfit.
Dys*pro"si*um (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. dyspro`sitos hard to get at.](Chem.)An element of the rare earth-group. SymbolDy; at. wt., 162.5.
E.
Ear"-mind"ed (?),a.(Physiol. Psychol.)Thinking chiefly or most readily through, or in terms related to, the sense of hearing; specif., thinking words as spoken, as a result of familiarity with speech or of mental peculiarity; -- opposed toeye-minded.
Earth,n.(Elec.)The connection of any part an electric conductor with the ground; specif., the connection of a telegraph line with the ground through a fault or otherwise.
When the resistance of the earth connection is low it is termed agood earth.
Earth"light` (?),n.(Astron.)The sunlight reflected from the earth to the moon, by which we see faintly, when the moon is near the sun (either before or after new moon), that part of the moon's disk unillumined by direct sunlight, or "the old moon in the arms of the new."
East,a.(Eccl.)Designating, or situated in, that part of a church which contains the choir or chancel; as, theeastfront of a cathedral.
Eas"ter lil`y.(Bot.)Any one of various lilies or lilylike flowers which bloom about Easter; specif.:(a)The common white lily (Lilium candidum), called alsoAnnunciation lily.(b)The larger white lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium, syn.L. Harrisii) called alsoBermuda lily.(c)The daffodil (Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus).(d)The Atamasco lily.
Eastern Church. That portion of the Christian church which prevails in the countries once comprised in the Eastern Roman Empire and the countries converted to Christianity by missionaries from them. Its full official title isThe Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Eastern Church. It became estranged from the Western, or Roman, Church over the question of papal supremacy and the doctrine of the filioque, and a separation, begun in the latter part of the 9th century, became final in 1054. The Eastern Church consists of twelve (thirteen if the Bulgarian Church be included) mutually independent churches (including among these the Hellenic Church, or Church of Greece, and the Russian Church), using the vernacular (or some ancient form of it) in divine service and varying in many points of detail, but standing in full communion with each other and united as equals in a great federation. The highest five authorities are the patriarch of Constantinople, or ecumenical patriarch (whose position is not one of supremacy, but of precedence), the patriarch of Alexandria, the patriarch of Jerusalem, the patriarch of Antioch, and the Holy Synod of Russia. The Eastern Church accepts the first seven ecumenical councils (and is hence styled only schismatic, not heretical, by the Roman Catholic Church), has as its creed the Niceno-Constantinopolitan (without the later addition of the filioque, which, with the doctrine it represents, the church decisively rejects), baptizes infants with trine immersion, makes confirmation follow immediately upon baptism, administers the Communion in both kinds (using leavened bread) and to infants as well as adults, permits its secular clergy to marry before ordination and to keep their wives afterward, but not to marry a second time, selects its bishops from the monastic clergy only, recognizes the offices of bishop, priest, and deacon as the three necessary degrees of orders, venerates relics and icons, and has an elaborate ritual.
||Eau` forte" (` frt"). [F., strong water, nitric acid (which is used in etching plates).](Art)An etching or a print from an etched plate.
||É`car`té" (?),n.[F., prop. p. p. fr.écarterto reject, discard.] A game at cards for two persons, with 32 cards, ranking K, Q, J, A, 10, 9, 8, 7. Five cards are dealt each player, and the 11th turned as trump. Five points constitute a game.
Ech"o (?),n.; pl.Echoes(#). [L.echo, Gr. &?; echo.](Whist)(a)A signal, played in the same manner as a trump signal, made by a player who holds four or more trumps (or as played by some exactly three trumps) and whose partner has led trumps or signaled for trumps.(b)A signal showing the number held of a plain suit when a high card in that suit is led by one's partner.
E*chop"a*thy (?),n.[Echo+-pathy, as inhomeopathy.](Med.)A morbid condition characterized by automatic and purposeless repetition of words or imitation of actions.
E"dam (?),n.,orEdam cheese. A Dutch pressed cheese of yellow color and fine flavor, made in balls weighing three or four pounds, and usually colored crimson outside; -- so called from the village of Edam, near Amsterdam. Also, cheese of the same type, wherever made.
Ed"dy cur"rent (?).(Elec.)An induced electric current circulating wholly within a mass of metal; -- called alsoFoucault current.
Ed"dy kite (?). Called alsoMalay kite. [After William A.Eddy, American kite expert.] A quadrilateral, tailless kite, with convex surfaces exposed to the wind. This kite was extensively used by Eddy in his famous meteorological experiments. It is now generally superseded by the box kite.
Ef*fect"ive,n.The serviceable soldiers in a country; an army or any military body, collectively; as, France'seffective.
Ef*fen"di (?),n., [Turk.efendi, fr. Modern Gr. &?;, fr. Gr. &?; a chief. See Authentic.] Master; sir; -- a Turkish title of respect, applied esp. to a state official or man of learning, as one learned in the law, but often simply as the courtesy title of a gentleman.
Ei*kon"o*gen (?),n.[Gr. e'ikw`n, e'iko`nos, image + root of gi`gnesqai to be born.](Photog. & Chem.)The sodium salt of a sulphonic acid of a naphthol, C10H5(OH)(NH2)SO3Na used as a developer.
E"ject (?),n.[See Eject,v. t.](Philos.)An object that is a conscious or living object, and hence not a direct object, but an inferred object or act of a subject, not myself; -- a term invented by W. K. Clifford.
||E*jec"ta (?),n. pl.[L., neut. pl. ofejectuscast out. See Eject.] Matter ejected; material thrown out; as, theejectaof a volcano; theejecta, or excreta, of the body.
E*ject"or,n.That part of the mechanism of a breech-loading firearm which ejects the empty shell.
El"der*ber`ry (?),n.(Bot.)The berrylike drupe of the elder. That of the Old World elder (Sambucus nigra) and that of the American sweet elder (S. Canadensis) are sweetish acid, and are eaten as a berry or made into wine.
E*lec"tri*fy (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Electrified (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Electrifying (?).] [Electric+-fy.] To equip for employment of electric power; as, toelectrifya railroad.
E*lec"tro*graph (?),n.[Pref.electro+-graph.]1.An apparatus, controlled by electric devices, used to trace designs for etching.
2.An instrument for the reproduction at a distance of pictures, maps, etc., by means of electricity.
3.An image made by the Röntgen rays; a sciagraph.
4.A cinematograph using the arc light.
E*lec`tro*graph"ic (?),a.Of or pertaining to an electrograph or electrography.
E*lec*trog"ra*phy (?),n.1.The art or process of making electrographs or using an electrograph.
2.= Galvanography.
E*lec"tro*lyze (?),v. t.[See Electrolysis.] To subject to electrolysis. -- E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion (#),n.
E*lec"tron (?), [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Electric.](Physics & Chem.)One of those particles, having about one thousandth the mass of a hydrogen atom, which are projected from the cathode of a vacuum tube as the cathode rays and from radioactive substances as the beta rays; -- called alsocorpuscle. The electron carries (or is) a natural unit of negative electricity, equal to 3.4 x 10-10electrostatic units. It has been detected only when in rapid motion; its mass, which is electromagnetic, is practically constant at the lesser speeds, but increases as the velocity approaches that of light. Electrons are all of one kind, so far as known, and probably are the ultimate constituents of all atoms. An atom from which an electron has been detached has a positive charge and is called acoelectron.
E`lec*tron"ic (?),a.(Physics & Chem.)Of or pertaining to an electron or electrons.
||E*lec`tro*poi"on (?),n.,orElectropoion fluid. [NL.;electro-+ Gr. poiw^n, p. pr. of poiei^n to make.](Elec.)An exciting and depolarizing acid solution used in certain cells or batteries, as the Grenet battery. Electropoion is best prepared by mixing one gallon of concentrated sulphuric acid diluted with three gallons of water, with a solution of six pounds of potassium bichromate in two gallons of boiling water. It should be used cold.