Handy Metric Table.The following table gives the equivalents of both the metric and commonsystems, and will be found convenient for reference:
[Transcriber's noted: 1 inch is about 2-1/2 centimeters, not cubiccentimeters. 1 cubic centimeter is about 0.06102 cubic inch (not 1.06).]HANDY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.One quart of wheat flour is one pound. One quart of corn meal weighseighteen ounces. One quart of butter, soft, weighs 14 to 16 ounces. Onequart of brown sugar weighs from a pound to a pound and a quarter,according to dampness. One quart of white sugar weighs 2 pounds. Tenmedium-sized eggs weigh one pound. A tablespoonful of salt is one ounce.Eight tablespoonfuls make 1 gill. Two gills, or 16 tablespoonfuls, arehalf a pint. Sixty drops are one teaspoonful. Four tablespoonfuls areone wineglassful. Twelve tablespoonfuls are one teacupful. Sixteentablespoonfuls or half a pint, are one tumblerful.The Meaning of Measures.--A square mile is equal to 640 acres. A squareacre is 208.71 feet on one side. An acre is 43,560 square feet. Aleague, 3 miles. A span, 10-7/8 inches. A hand, 4 inches. A palm, 3inches. A great cubit, 11 inches. A fathom, 6 feet. A mile, 5,280 feet.Domestic and Drop Measures Approximated.--A teaspoonful, one fluid dram4 grams; a dessertspoonful, two fluid drams 3 grams; a tablespoonful,half fluid ounce 16 grams; a wineglassful, two fluid ounces 64 grams; atumblerful, half pint 256 grams.TO TELL THE AGE OF ANY PERSON.Hand this table to a young lady, and request her to tell you in whichcolumn or columns her age is contained, and add together the figures atthe top of the columns in which her age is found, and you have thesecret. Thus, suppose her age to be seventeen, you will find that numberin the first and fifth columns: add the first figures of these twocolumns.
DR. SPURZHEIM'S PHRENOLOGY.The first claim put forth by the teachers and professional demonstratorsof phrenology makes it a system of mental philosophy, besides at thesame time presenting a much more popular aspect as a method whereby thedisposition, character and natural aptitude of the individual may beascertained.These two features of the subject are quite distinct from each other,for, while it can serve as a reliable guide for reading character onlyon the assumption of its truth as a philosophic system, yet thepossibility of its practical application does not necessarily followfrom the establishment of the truth of its theoretical side.Two of the earliest founders of the science of anatomy, Erasistratus andHerophilus, who lived in the age of Ptolemy Soter, taught that the brainwas the seat of sensation and intellect, and that there was therein acertain degree of localization of function. Galen later taught that thebrain is the seat of the soul and intellect. From these facts of historythe system of phrenology, though formulated by Dr. Gall, Dr. Spurzheim,the Fowler Brothers and others, rests upon deductions derived from theteachings of the demonstrators of anatomy and students of philosophy.The formulated system of phrenology is very generally believed to be amodern expansion of an old empirical philosophy, but, according to Dr.Gall's account, it arose with him as the result of independentobservations. The popularity of phrenology has waned in the public mind,and cultivation of the system is confined to a few enthusiasts, such aspose as teachers of it as a vocation. These claim that phrenology is apractical and important science and that it rests upon the followingprinciples:First--That the human brain is the organ of the mind.Second--That the mental powers of man can be analyzed into a definitenumber of measurably independent faculties.Third--That these faculties are innate, and each has its seat in adefinite region of the brain.Fourth--That the size of each of these regions is the measure of thepower of manifesting the faculty associated with it.The faculties and their localities, as originally constructed by Dr.Gall, were for the most part identified on slender grounds. Hisprocedure was as follows: Having selected the place of a faculty, heexamined the heads of his friends and casts of persons with thatpeculiarity in common, and in them sought for the distinctive feature oftheir characteristic trait. Some of his earlier studies were among lowassociates in jails and lunatic asylums, and some of the qualitieslocated by him were such as tend to perversion to crime. These he namedafter their excessive manifestations, and thus mapped out organs oftheft, murder, etc. This, however, caused the system to be discredited.Later his pupil, Dr. Spurzheim, claimed that the moral and religiousfeatures belonging to it greatly modified these characteristics of Dr.Gall's work. The chart of the human head as invented by Dr. Gallrepresented 26 organs; the chart as improved by Dr. Spurzheim makes out35 organs. This is the chart now generally used and which is shown on apreceding page. The number specifies the location of each organ, whichis followed by its phrenological name, and classified as follows:Propensities. (1) Amativeness. (2) Philoprogenitiveness. (3)Concentrativeness. (4) Adhesiveness. (5) Combativeness. (6)Destructiveness. (6a) Alimentiveness. (7) Secretiveness. (8)Acquisitiveness. (9) Constructiveness.Lower Sentiments. (10) Self-esteem. (11) Love of Approbation. (12)Cautiousness.Superior Sentiments. (13) Benevolence. (14) Veneration. (15)Conscientiousness. (16) Firmness. (17) Hope. (18) Wonder. (19) Ideality.(20) Wit. (21) Imitation.Perceptive Faculties. (22) Individuality. (23) Form. (24) Size. (25)Weight. (26) Color. (27) Locality. (28) Number. (29) Order. (30)Eventuality. (31) Time. (32) Tune. (33) Language.Reflective Faculties. (34) Comparison. (35) Causality. The judgment ofthe phrenologist is determined by the size of the brain in general, andby the size of the organs that have been formulated, and these areestimated by certain arbitrary rules that render the boundaries of theregions indefinite.The controversy over phrenology has served undoubtedly the very usefulpurpose of stimulating research into the anatomy of the brain.It is generally conceded that any psychological theory which correlatesbrain-action and mental phenomena requires a correspondence between thesize of the brain and mental power, and generally observation shows thatthe brains of those whose capacities are above the average are largerthan those of the general run of their fellow men.A study of the cuts and comparison of the sizes of different heads andtheir shape will prove very entertaining with most any group of personsintellectually inclined, and it will be found that persons who arenaturally good readers by instinct of human nature can, with its help,make remarkable readings in the delineation of character.PRINCIPLES OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW.List of Motions Arranged According to Their Purpose and Effect.[Letters refer to the rules below.]Modifying or amending.8. To amend or to substitute, or to divide the question KTo refer to committee.7. To commit (or recommit) DDeferring action.6. To postpone to a fixed time. C4. To lay on the table A E GSuppressing or extending debate5. For the previous question A E MTo limit, or close debate A MTo extend limits of debate. ASuppressing the question.Objection to consideration of question A H M N9. To postpone indefinitely. D E4. To lay upon the table. A E GTo bring up a question the second time.To reconsider--Debatable question D E F IUndebatable question A E F IConcerning orders, rules, etc.3. For the orders of the day. A E H NTo make subject a special order MTo amend the rules MTo suspend the rules A E F MTo take up a question out of its proper order A ETo take from the table A E GQuestions touching priority of business AQuestions of privilege.Asking leave to continue speaking after indecorum AAppeal from chair's decision touching indecorum A E H LAppeal from chair's decision generally. E H LQuestion upon reading of papers. A EWithdrawal of a motion. A EClosing a meeting.2. To adjourn (in committees, to rise),or to take a recess, without limitation A E F1. To fix the time to which to adjourn BOrder of Precedence--The motions above numbered 1 to 9 take precedenceover all others in the order of the numbers, and anyone of them, exceptto amend or substitute, is in order while a motion of a lower rank ispending.Rule A--Undebatable, but remarks may be tacitly allowed.Rule B--Undebatable if another question is before the assembly.Rule C--Limited debate allowed on propriety of postponement only.Rule D--Opens the main question to debate. Motions not so marked do notallow of reference to main question.Rule E--Cannot be amended. Motion to adjourn can be amended when thereis no other business before the house.Rule F--Cannot be reconsidered.Rule G--An affirmative vote cannot be reconsidered,Rule H--In order when another has the floor.Rule I--A motion to reconsider may be moved and entered when another hasthe floor, but the business then before the house may not be set aside.This motion can only be entertained when made by one who votedoriginally with the prevailing side. When called up it takes precedenceof all others which may come up, excepting only motions relating toadjournment.Rule K--A motion to amend an amendment cannot be amended.Rule L--When an appeal from the chair's decision results in a tie vote,the chair is sustained.Rule M--Requires a two-thirds vote unless special rules have beenenacted.Rule N--Does not require to be seconded.General Rules.No motion is open for discussion until it has been stated by the chair.The maker of a motion cannot modify it or withdraw it after it has beenstated by the chair except by general consent.Only one reconsideration of a question is permitted.A motion to adjourn, to lay on the table, or to take from the table,cannot be renewed unless some other motion has been made in theinterval.On motion to strike out the words, "Shall the words stand part of themotion?" unless a majority sustains the words, they are struck out.On motion for previous question, the form to be observed is, "Shall themain question be now put?" This, if carried, ends debate.On an appeal from the chair's decision, "Shall the decision be sustainedas the ruling of the house?" The chair is generally sustained.On motion for orders of the day, "Will the house now proceed to theorders of the day?" This, if carried, supersedes intervening motions.When an objection is raised to considering questions, "Shall thequestion be considered?" Objections may be made by any member beforedebate has commenced, but not subsequently.LETTER COMBINATIONS.When King Stanislaus of Poland, then a young man, came back from ajourney, the whole Lescinskian House gathered together at Lissa toreceive him. The schoolmaster, Jablowsky, prepared a festival incommemoration of the event, and had it end with a ballet performed bythirteen students, dressed as cavaliers. Each had a shield, upon whichone of the letters of the words "Domus Lescinia" (The Lescinskian House)was written in gold. After the first dance, they stood in such a mannerthat their shields read "Domus Lescinia"; after the second dance, theychanged order, making it read, "Ades incolumnis" (Unharmed art thouhere); after the third. "Mane sidus loci" (Continue the star of thisplace); after the fourth, "Sis coumna Dei" (Be a pillar of God); andfinally, "I! scade solium!" (Go! ascend the throne). Indeed, these twowords allow of 1,556,755,200 transpositions; yet that five of themconvey independent and appropriate meanings is certainly very curious.POINTS OF CRIMINAL LAW.You cannot lawfully condone an offence by receiving back stolenproperty,The exemption of females from arrest applies only in civil, not incriminal matters.Every man is bound to obey the call of a sheriff for assistance inmaking an arrest.The rule "Every man's house is his castle" does not hold good when a manis accused of crime.Embezzlement can be charged only against a clerk or servant, or theofficer or agent of a corporation.Bigamy cannot be proven in law if one party to a marriage has beenabsent and not heard from for five years.Grand larceny is when the value of property stolen exceeds $25.00--Whenless than that, the offence is petit larceny.Arson to be in the first degree must have been committed at night andthe buildings fired must have been inhabited.Drunkenness is not a legal excuse for crime, but delirium tremens isconsidered by the law as a species of insanity.In a case of assault it is only necessary to prove an "offer or attemptat assault."Battery presumes physical violence.Mayhem, although popularly supposed to refer to injury to the face, lip,tongue, eye, or ear, applies to any injury done a limb.A felony is a crime punishable by imprisonment in a State prison; an"infamous" crime is one punishable with death or State prison.A police officer is not authorized to make an arrest without a warrantunless he has personal knowledge of the offense for which the arrest ismade.An accident is not a crime, unless criminal carelessness can be proven.A man shooting at a burglar and killing a member of his family is not amurderer.Burglary in the first degree can be committed only in the night time.Twilight, if dark enough to prevent distinguishing a man's face, is thesame as "night" in law.Murder to be in the first degree must be willful, premeditated andmalicious, or committed while the murderer is engaged in a feloniousact. The killing of a man in a duel is murder, and it is a misdemeanorto accept or give a challenge.False swearing is perjury in law only when willfully done, and when theoath has been legally administered. Such qualifying expressions as "tothe best of my belief," "as I am informed," may save an averment frombeing perjured. The law is that the false statement sworn to must beabsolute. Subornation of perjury is a felony.TO TELL PURE WATER.The color, odor, taste and purity of water can be ascertained asfollows: Fill a large bottle made of colorless glass with water; lookthrough the water at some black object. Pour out some of the water andleave the bottle half full; cork the bottle and place it for a few hoursin a warm place; shake up the water, remove the cork, and criticallysmell the air contained in the bottle. If it has any smell, particularlyif the odor is repulsive, the water should not be used for domesticpurposes. By heating the water an odor is evolved that would nototherwise appear. Water fresh from the well is usually tasteless, evenif it contains a large amount of putrescible organic matter. All waterfor domestic purposes should be perfectly tasteless, and remain so evenafter it has been warmed, since warming often develops a taste in waterwhich is tasteless when cold.HAND GRENADES.Take chloride of calcium, crude, 20 parts; common salt, 5 parts; andwater, 75 parts. Mix and put in thin bottles. In case of fire, a bottleso thrown that it will break in or very near the fire will put it out.This mixture is better and cheaper than many of the high-pricedgrenades sold for the purpose of fire protection.HOW TO GET RID OF RATS.Get a piece of lead pipe and use it as a funnel to introduce about 1-1/2ounces of sulphite of potassium into any outside holes tenanted by rats.Not to be used in dwellings. To get rid of mice use tartar emeticmingled with any favorite food; they will eat, sicken and take theirleave.FRIENDLY ADVICE ON MANY SUBJECTS.Tomato in Bright's Disease.When Thomas Jefferson brought the tomato from France to America,thinking that if it could be induced to grow bountifully it might makegood feed for hogs, he little dreamed of the benefit he was conferringupon posterity. A constant diet of raw tomatoes and skim-milk is said tobe a certain cure for Bright's disease. Gen. Schenck, who, when Ministerto England, became a victim to that complaint, was restored to health bytwo years of this regimen.Relief for Asthma.An old friend of the editor of this book writes: "I have been a suffererfrom asthma for twenty-five years, and for more than a dozen years haveused the following recipe with great benefit. It is not a cure, but inmy case gives almost instant relief. Take equal parts of powderedstramonium leaves and powdered belladonna leaves and mix thoroughly; toeach ten ounces of the mixture add one ounce of powdered saltpeter(nitrate of potash); mix all thoroughly. I always keep some of this in asmall tin box. When I wish to use it I pour a little of the powder intothe cover of the box, light it with a match, cover the whole with alittle paper cone with the point cut off. I place the point of the conein my mouth, and breathe the smoke into my lungs with the air. The firsttrial is very hard; it almost strangles, but if persevered in will givegreat relief. This is much better than stramonium alone. The saltpetermakes it burn freely, and also helps to give relief. When my home was inNorthern Indiana, I used to buy the leaves in Chicago already powdered.Now I send to New York. I find it cheaper to do this than to gather anddry the leaves. It is also almost impossible to dry and pulverize theleaves at home. By using a paper cone and breathing through it, littleor no smoke is wasted, and the box and paper can be carried in thepocket and used as occasion requires."For Swollen Feet.Policemen, mail carriers, and others whose occupation keeps them ontheir feet a great deal, often are troubled with chafed, sore andblistered feet, especially in extremely hot weather, no matter howcomfortably their shoes may lit. A powder is used in the German army forsifting into the shoes and stockings of the foot soldiers, called"Fusstreupulver," and consists of 3 parts salicylic acid, 10 partsstarch and 87 parts pulverized soapstone.Rules for Fat People and for Lean.To increase the weight: Eat to the extent of satisfying; a naturalappetite, of fat meats, butter, cream, milk, cocoa, chocolate, bread,potatoes, peas, parsnips, carrots, beets, farinaceous foods, as Indiancorn, rice, tapioca, sago, corn starch, pastry, custards, oatmeal,sugar, sweet wines, and ale. Avoid acids. Exercise as little aspossible, and sleep all you can.To reduce the weight: Eat to the extent of satisfying a naturalappetite, of lean meat, poultry, game, eggs, milk moderately, greenvegetables, turnips, succulent fruits, tea or coffee. Drink lime juice,lemonade, and acid drinks. Avoid fat, butter, cream, sugar, pastry,rice, sago, tapioca, corn starch, potatoes, carrots, beets, parsnips,and sweet wines.When Quinine Will Break Up a Cold.It is surprising, says a family physician, how certainly a cold may bebroken up by a timely dose of quinine. When first symptoms make theirappearance, when a little languor, slight hoarseness and ominoustightening of the nasal membranes follow exposure to draughts or suddenchill by wet, five grains of this useful alkaloid are sufficient in manycases to end the trouble. But it must be done promptly. If the goldenmoment passes, nothing suffices to stop the weary sneezing,handkerchief-using, red-nose and woe begone looking periods thatcertainly follow.A Mistaken Idea.The old adage. "Feed a cold and starve a fever." is characterized by theJournal of Health as very silly advice. If anything, the reverse wouldbe nearer right. When a person has a severe cold it is best for him toeat very lightly, especially during the first few days of the attack.Hints on Bathing.There has been a great deal written about bathing. The surface of theskin is punctured with millions of little holes called pores. The dutyof these pores is to carry the waste matter off. For instance,perspiration. Now, if these pores are stopped up they are of no use, andthe body has to find some other way to get rid of its impurities. Thenthe liver has more than it can do. Then we take a liver pill when weought to clean out the pores instead. The housewife is very particularto keep her sieves in good order; after she has strained a substancethrough them they are washed out carefully with water, because water isthe best thing known. That is the reason water is used to bathe in. Butthe skin is a little different from a sieve, because it is willing tohelp along the process itself. All it needs is a little encouragementand it will accomplish wonders. What the skin wants is rubbing. If youshould quietly sit down in a tub of water and as quietly get up and dryoff without rubbing, your skin wouldn't be much benefited. The waterwould make it a little soft, especially if it was warm. But rubbing isthe great thing. Stand where the sunlight strikes a part of your body,then take a dry brush and rub it, and you will notice that countlesslittle flakes of cuticle fly off. Every time one of these flakes isremoved from the skin your body breathes a sigh of relief. An eminentGerman authority contends that too much bathing is a bad thing. There ismuch truth in this. Soap and water are good things to soften up theskin, but rubbing is what the skin wants. Every morning or everyevening, or when it is most convenient, wash the body all over withwater and a little ammonia, or anything which tends to make the watersoft; then rub dry with a towel, and after that go over the body fromtop to toe with a dry brush. Try this for two or three weeks, and yourskin will be like velvet.Tea and Coffee.Tea is a nerve stimulant, pure and simple, acting like alcohol in thisrespect, without any value that the latter may possess as a retarder ofwaste. It has a special influence upon those nerve centers that supplywill power, exalting their sensibility beyond normal activity, and mayeven produce hysterical symptoms, if carried far enough. Its activeprinciple, theine, is an exceedingly powerful drug, chiefly employed bynerve specialists as a pain destroyer, possessing the singular qualityof working toward the surface. That is to say, when a dose isadministered hypodermically for sciatica, for example, the narcoticinfluence proceeds outward from the point of injection, instead ofinward toward the centers, as does that of morphia, atropia, etc. Tea istotally devoid of nutritive value, and the habit of drinking it toexcess, which so many American women indulge in, particularly in thecountry, is to be deplored as a cause of our American nervousness.Coffee, on the contrary, is a nerve food. Like other concentrated foodsof its class, it operates as a stimulant also, but upon a different setof nerves from tea. Taken strong in the morning, it often producesdizziness and that peculiar visual symptom of overstimulus which iscalled muscae volilantes--dancing flies. But this is an improper way totake it, and rightly used it is perhaps the most valuable liquidaddition to the morning meal. Its active principle, caffeine, differs inall physiological respects from theine, while it is chemically veryclosely allied, and its limited consumption makes it impotent for harm.To Straighten Round Shoulders.A stooping figure and a halting gait, accompanied by the unavoidableweakness of lungs incidental to a narrow chest, may be entirely cured bythe very simple and easily-performed exercise of raising one's selfupon the toes leisurely in a perpendicular position several times daily.To take this exercise properly one must take a perfectly uprightposition. With the heels together and the toes at an angle of forty-fivedegrees. Then drop the arms lifelessly by the sides, animating andraising the chest to its full capacity and muscularity, the chin welldrawn in, and the crown of the head feeling as if attached to a stringsuspended from the ceiling above. Slowly rise upon the balls of bothfeet to the greatest possible height, thereby exercising all the musclesof the legs and body; come again into standing position without swayingthe body backward out of the perfect line. Repeat this same exercise,first on one foot, then on the other. It is wonderful what astraightening-out power this exercise has upon round shoulders andcrooked backs, and one will be surprised to note how soon the lungsbegin to show the effect of such expansive development.Care of the Eyes.In consequence of the increase of affections of the eye, a specialisthas recently formulated the following rules to be observed in the careof the eyes for school work: A comfortable temperature, dry and warmfeet, good ventilation; clothing at the neck and on other parts of thebody loose; posture erect, and never read lying down or stooping. Littlestudy before breakfast or directly after a heavy meal; none at all attwilight or late at night; use great caution about studying afterrecovery from fevers; have light abundant, but not dazzling, notallowing the sun to shine on desks or on objects in front of thescholars, and letting the light come from the left hand or left andrear; hold book at right angles to the line of sight or nearly so; giveeyes frequent rest by looking up. The distance of the book from the eyeshould be about fifteen inches. The usual indication of strain isredness of the rim of the eyelid, betokening a congested state of theinner surface, which may be accompanied with some pain. When the eyetires easily rest is not the proper remedy, but the use of glasses ofsufficient power to aid in accommodating the eye to vision.How and When to Drink Water.According to Doctor Leuf, when water is taken into the full or partlyfull stomach, it does not mingle with the food, as we are taught, butpasses along quickly between the food and lesser curvature toward thepylorus, through which it passes into the intestines. The secretion ofmucus by the lining membrane is constant, and during the night aconsiderable amount accumulates in the stomach; some of its liquidportion is absorbed, and that which remains is thick and tenacious. Iffood is taken into the stomach when in this condition, it becomes coatedwith this mucus, and the secretion of the gastric juice and its actionare delayed. These facts show the value of a goblet of water beforebreakfast. This washes out the tenacious mucus, and stimulates thegastric glands to secretion. In old and feeble persons water should notbe taken cold, but it may be with great advantage taken warm or hot.This removal of the accumulated mucus from the stomach is probably oneof the reasons why taking soup at the beginning of a meal has been foundso beneficial.What Causes Coughs.Cold and coughs are prevalent throughout the country, but throataffections are by far more common among business men. Every unfortunateone mutters something about the abominable weather and curses thepiercing wind. Much of the trouble, however, is caused by overheatedrooms, and a little more attention to proper ventilation would removethe cause of suffering. Doctor J. Ewing Mears, who was thus afflicted,said to an inquirer: "The huskiness and loss of power of articulation socommon among us are largely due to the use of steam for heating. Thesteam cannot be properly regulated, and the temperature becomes toohigh. A person living in this atmosphere has all the cells of the lungsopen, and when he passes into the open air he is unduly exposed. Theaffliction is quite common among the men who occupy offices in the newbuildings which are fitted up with all modern improvements. Thesubstitution of electric light for gas has wrought a change to whichpeople have not yet adapted themselves. The heat arising from a numberof gas jets will quickly raise the temperature of a room, andunconsciously people rely upon that means of heating to some extent.Very little warmth, however, is produced by the electric light, and whena man reads by an incandescent light he at times finds himself becomingchilly, and wonders why it is. Too hot during the day and too cold atnight are conditions which should be avoided."PHYSICAL EXERCISE.The principal methods of developing the physique now prescribed bytrainers are exercise with dumbbells, the bar bell and the chest weight.The rings and horizontal and parallel bars are also used, but not nearlyto the extent that they formerly were. The movement has been all in thedirection of the simplification of apparatus; in fact, one well-knownteacher of the Boston Gymnasium when asked his opinion said: "Four barewalls and a floor, with a well-posted instructor, is all that is reallyrequired for a gymnasium."Probably the most important as well as the simplest appliance forgymnasium work is the wooden dumbbell, which has displaced the ponderousiron bell of former days. Its weight is from three-quarters of a poundto a pound and a half, and with one in each hand a variety of motionscan be gone through, which are of immense benefit in building up ortoning down every muscle and all vital parts of the body.The first object of an instructor in taking a beginner in hand is toincrease the circulation. This is done by exercising the extremities,the first movement being one of the hands, after which come the wrists,then the arms, and next the head and feet. As the circulation isincreased the necessity for a larger supply of oxygen, technicallycalled "oxygen-hunger," is created, which is only satisfied by breathingexercises, which develop the lungs. After the circulation is in asatisfactory condition, the dumbbell instructor turns his attention toexercising the great muscles of the body, beginning with those of theback, strengthening which holds the body erect, thus increasing thechest capacity, invigorating the digestive organs, and, in fact, all thevital functions. By the use of very light weights an equal andsymmetrical development of all parts of the body is obtained, and thenthere are no sudden demands on the heart and lungs.After the dumbbell comes exercise with the round, or bar bell. This islike the dumbbell, with the exception that the bar connecting the ballsis four or five feet, instead of a few inches in length. Bar bells weighfrom one to two pounds each and are found most useful in building up therespiratory and digestive systems, their especial province being thestrengthening of the erector muscles and increasing the flexibility ofthe chest.Of all fixed apparatus in use the pulley weight stands easily first inimportance. These weights are available for a greater variety of objectsthan any other gymnastic appliance, and can be used either for generalexercise or for strengthening such muscles as most require it. With thema greater localization is possible than with the dumbbell, and for thisreason they are recommended as a kind of supplement to the latter. Aschest developers and correctors of round shoulders they are mosteffective. As the name implies, they are simply weights attached toropes, which pass over pulleys, and are provided with handles. Thecommon pulley is placed at about the height of the shoulder of anaverage man, but recently those which can be adjusted to any desiredheight have been very generally introduced.When more special localization is desired than can be obtained by meansof the ordinary apparatus, what is known as the double-action chestweight is used. This differs from the ordinary kind in being providedwith several pulleys, so that the strain may come at different angles.Double-action weights may be divided into three classes--high, low, andside pulleys--each with its particular use.The highest of all, known as the giant pulleys, are made especially fordeveloping the muscles of the back and chest, and by stretching orelongating movements to increase the interior capacity of the chest. Ifthe front of the chest is full and the back or side chest deficient, thepupil is set to work on the giant pulley. To build up the side-walls hestands with the back to the pulley-box and the left heel resting againstit; the handle is grasped in the right hand if the right side of thechest is lacking in development, and then drawn straight down by theside; a step forward with the right foot, as long as possible, is taken,the line brought as far to the front and near the floor as can be done,and then the arm, held stiff, allowed to be drawn solely up by theweight. To exercise the left side the same process is gone through with,the handle grasped in the left hand. Another kind of giant pulley isthat which allows the operator to stand directly under it, and is usedfor increasing the lateral diameter of the chest. The handles are drawnstraight down by the sides, the arms are then spread and drawn back bythe weights. Generally speaking, high pulleys are most used forcorrecting high, round shoulders; low pulleys for low, round shoulders;side pulleys for individual high or low shoulders, and giant pulleys forthe development of the walls of the chest and to correct spinalcurvature.The traveling rings, a line of iron rings, covered with rubber andattached to long ropes fastened to the ceiling some ten feet apart, arealso valuable in developing the muscles of the back, arms and sides. Thefirst ring is grasped in one hand and a spring taken from an elevatedplatform. The momentum carries the gymnast to the next ring, which isseized with the free hand, and so the entire length of the line istraversed. The parallel bars, low and high, the flying rings, thehorizontal bar and the trapeze all have their uses, but of late yearsthey have been relegated to a position of distinct inferiority to thatnow occupied by the dumbbells and pulley weights.ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES.What To DoIf an artery is cut, red blood spurts. Compress it above the wound. If avein is cut, dark blood flows. Compress it below and above.If choked, go upon all fours and cough.For slight burns, dip the part in cold water; if the skin is destroyed,cover with varnish or linseed oil.For apoplexy, raise the head and body; for fainting, lay the personflat.Send for a physician when a serious accident of any kind occurs, buttreat as directed until he arrives.Scalds and Burns--The following facts cannot be too firmly impressed onthe mind of the reader, that in either of these accidents the first,best, and often the only remedies required, are sheets of wadding, finewool, or carded cotton, and, in the default of these, violet powder,flour, magnesia, or chalk. The object for which these several articlesare employed is the same in each instance; namely, to exclude the airfrom the injured part; for if the air can be effectually shut out fromthe raw surface, and care is taken not to expose the tender part tillthe new cuticle is formed, the cure may be safely left to nature. Themoment a person is called to a case of scald or burn, he should coverthe part with a sheet, or a portion of a sheet, of wadding, taking carenot to break any blister that may have formed, or stay to remove anyburnt clothes that may adhere to the surface, but as quickly as possibleenvelop every part of the injury from all access of the air, laying oneor two more pieces of wadding on the first, so as effectually to guardthe burn or scald from the irritation of the atmosphere; and if thearticle used is wool or cotton, the same precaution, of adding morematerial where the surface is thinly covered, must be adopted; a lightbandage finally securing all in their places. Any of the popularremedies recommended below may be employed when neither wool, cotton,nor wadding are to be procured, it being always remembered that thatarticle which will best exclude the air from a burn or scald is thebest, quickest, and least painful mode of treatment. And in this respectnothing has surpassed cotton loose or attached to paper as in wadding.If the Skin is Much Injured in burns, spread some linen pretty thicklywith chalk ointment, and lay over the part, and give the patient somebrandy and water if much exhausted; then send for a medical man. If notmuch injured, and very painful, use the same ointment, or apply cardedcotton dipped in lime water and linseed oil. If you please, you may laycloths dipped in ether over the parts, or cold lotions. Treat scalds insame manner, or cover with scraped raw potato; but the chalk ointment isthe best. In the absence of all these, cover the injured part withtreacle, and dust over it plenty of flour.BODY IN FLAMES--Lay the person down on the floor of the room, and throwthe table cloth, rug, or other large cloth over him, and roll him on thefloor.DIRT IN THE EYE--Place your forefinger upon the cheek-bone, having thepatient before you; then slightly bend the finger, this will draw downthe lower lid of the eye, and you will probably be able to remove thedirt; but if this will not enable you to get at it, repeat thisoperation while you have a knitting-needle or bodkin placed over theeyelid; this will turn it inside out, and enable you to remove the sand,or eyelash, etc., with the corner of a fine silk handkerchief. As soonas the substance is removed, bathe the eye with cold water, and excludethe light for a day. If the inflammation is severe, let the patient usea refrigerant lotion.LIME IN THE EVE--Syringe it well with warm vinegar and water in theproportion of one ounce of vinegar to eight ounces of water; excludelight.IRON OR STEEL SPICULAE IN THE EYE--These occur while turning iron orsteel in a lathe, and are best remedied by doubling back the upper orlower eyelid according to the situation of the substance, and with theflat edge of a silver probe, taking up the metallic particle, using alotion made by dissolving six grains of sugar of lead and the same ofwhite vitriol, in six ounces of water, and bathing the eye three times aday till the inflammation subsides. Another plan is--Drop a solution ofsulphate of copper (from one to three grains of salt to one ounce ofwater) into the eye, or keep the eye open in a wineglassful of thesolution. Bathe with cold lotion, and exclude light to keep downinflammation.DISLOCATED THUMB--This is frequently produced by a fall. Make a clovehitch, by passing two loops of cord over the thumb, placing a piece ofrag under the cord to prevent it cutting the thumb; then pull in thesame line as the thumb. Afterwards apply a cold lotion.CUTS AND WOUNDS--Clean cut wounds whether deep or superficial, andlikely to heal by the first intention, should always be washed orcleaned, and at once evenly and smoothly closed by bringing both edgesclose together and securing them in that position by adhesive plaster.Cut thin strips of sticking plaster, and bring the parts together; or,if large and deep, cut two broad pieces, so as to look like the teeth ofa comb, and place one on each side of the wound, which must be cleanedpreviously. These pieces must be arranged so that they shall interlaceone another; then, by laying hold of the pieces on the right side withone hand, and those on the other side with the other hand and pullingthem from one another, the edges of the wounds are brought togetherwithout any difficulty.Ordinary Cuts are dressed by thin strips, applied by pressing down theplaster on one side of the wound, and keeping it there, and pulling inthe opposite direction; then suddenly depressing the hand when the edgesof the wound are brought together.CONTUSIONS are best healed by laying a piece of folded lint, well wettedwith extract of lead or boracic acid, on the part, and, if there is muchpain, placing a hot bran poultice over the dressing, repeating both ifnecessary every, two hours. When the injuries are very severe lay acloth over the part, and suspend a basin over it filled with coldlotion. Put a piece of cotton into the basin, so that it shall allow thelotion to drop on the cloth, and thus keep it always wet.HEMORRHAGE, when caused by an artery being divided or torn, may be knownby the blood issuing out of the wound in leaps or jerks, and being of abright scarlet color. If a vein is injured, the blood is darker andflows continuously. To arrest the latter apply pressure by means of acompress and bandage. To arrest arterial bleeding, get a piece of wood(part of a broom handle will do), and tie a piece of tape to one end ofit. Then tie a piece of tape loosely over the arm, and pass the otherend of the wood under it; twist the stick around and around until thetape compresses the arm sufficiently to arrest the bleeding, and thenconfine the other end by tying the string around the arm. A compressmade by enfolding a penny piece in several folds of lint or linenshould, however, be first placed under the tape and over the artery, Ifthe bleeding is very obstinate, and it occurs in the arm, place a corkunderneath the string, on the inside of the fleshy part, where theartery may be felt beating by any one; if in the leg, place a cork inthe direction of a line drawn from the inner part of the knee toward theouter part of the groin. It is an excellent thing to accustom yourselfto find out the position of these arteries, or, indeed, any that aresuperficial, and to explain to every person in your house where theyare, and how to stop bleeding. If a stick cannot be got, take ahandkerchief, make a cord bandage of it, and tie a knot in the middle;the knot acts as a compress, and should be placed over the artery, whilethe two ends are c around the thumb. Observe always to placethe ligature between the wound and the heart. Putting your finger into ableeding wound, and making pressure until a surgeon arrives, willgenerally stop violent bleeding.BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, from whatever cause, may generally be stopped byputting a plug of lint into the nostrils; if this does not do, apply acold lotion to the forehead; raise the head, and place over it botharms, so that it will rest on the hands; dip the lint plug, slightlymoistened, into some powdered gum arabic, and plug the nostrils again;or dip the plug into equal parts of powdered gum arabic and alum, andplug the nose. Or the plug may be dipped in Friar's balsam, or tinctureof kino. Heat should be applied to the feet; and, in obstinate cases,the sudden shock of a cold key, or cold water poured down the spine,will often instantly stop the bleeding. If the bowels are confined, takea purgative. Injections of alum solution from a small syringe into thenose will often stop hemorrhage.VIOLENT SHOCKS will sometimes stun a person, and he will remainunconscious. Untie strings, collars, etc.; loosen anything that is tightand interferes with the breathing; raise the head; see if there isbleeding from any part; apply smelling-salts to the nose, and hotbottles to the feet.IN CONCUSSION, the surface of the body is cold and pale, and the pulseweak and small, the breathing slow and gentle, and the pupil of the eyegenerally contracted or small. You can get an answer by speaking loud,so as to arouse the patient. Give a little brandy and water, keep theplace quiet, apply warmth, and do not raise the head too high. If youtickle the feet, the patient feels it.IN COMPRESSION OF THE BRAIN from any cause, such as apoplexy, or a pieceof fractured bone pressing on it, there is loss of sensation. If youtickle the feet of the injured person he does not feel it. You cannotarouse him so as to get an answer. The pulse is slow and labored; thebreathing deep, labored, and snorting; the pupil enlarged. Raise thehead, loosen strings or tight things, and send for a surgeon. If onecannot be got at once, apply mustard poultices to the feet and thighs,leeches to the temples, and hot water to the feet.CHOKING--When a person has a fish bone in the throat, insert theforefinger, press upon the root of the tongue, so as to induce vomiting;if this does not do, let him swallow a large piece of potato or softbread; and if these fail, give a mustard emetic,FAINTING, HYSTERICS, ETC.--Loosen the garments, bathe the temples withwater or eau-de-Cologne; open the window, admit plenty of fresh air,dash cold water on the face, apply hot bricks to the feet, and avoidbustle and excessive sympathy.DROWNING.--Attend to the following essential rules: 1. Lose no time. 2.Handle the body gently. 3. Carry the body face downward, with the headgently raised, and never hold it up by the feet. 4. Send for medicalassistance immediately, and in the meantime act as follows: 5. Strip thebody; rub it dry, then wrap it in hot blankets, and place it in a warmbed in a warm room. 6. Cleanse away the froth and mucus from the noseand month. 7. Apply warm bricks, bottles, bags of sand, etc. to thearmpits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet. 8. Rub thesurface of the body with the hands inclosed in warm, dry worsted socks.9. If possible, put the body into a warm bath. 10. To restore breathing,put the pipe of a common bellows into one nostril, carefully closing theother, and the mouth; at the same time drawing downward, and pushinggently backward, the upper part of the windpipe to allow a more freeadmission of air; blow the bellows gently, in order to inflate thelungs, till the breast be raised a little; then set the month andnostrils free, and press gently on the chest; repeat this until signs oflife appear. The body should be covered the moment it is placed on thetable, except the face, and all the rubbing carried on under the sheetor blanket. When they can be obtained, a number of tiles or bricksshould be made tolerably hot in the fire, laid in a row on the table,covered with a blanket, and the body placed in such a manner on themthat their heat may enter the spine. When the patient revives, applysmelling-salts to the nose, give warm wine or brandy and water.Cautions.--1. Never rub the body with salt or spirits. 2. Never roll thebody on casks. 3. Continue the remedies for twelve hours withoutceasing.HANGING--Loosen the cord, or whatever it may be by which the person hasbeen suspended. Open the temporal artery or jugular vein, or bleed fromthe arm; employ electricity, if at hand, and proceed as for drowning.APPARENT DEATH FROM DRUNKENNESS--Raise the head; loosen the clothes,maintain warmth of surface, and give a mustard emetic as soon as theperson can swallow.APOPLEXY AND FITS GENERALLY--Raise the head; loosen all tight clothes,strings, etc.; apply cold lotions to the head, and send for a surgeon.SUFFOCATION FROM NOXIOUS GASES, ETC.--Remove to the fresh air; dash coldvinegar and water in the face, neck, and breast; keep up the warmth ofthe body; if necessary, apply mustard poultices to the soles of the feetand to the spine, and try artificial respirations as in drowning, withelectricity.LIGHTNING AND SUNSTROKE--Treat the same as apoplexy.POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES.General RulesAlways send immediately for a medical man. Save all fluids vomited, andarticles of food, cups, glasses, etc., used by the patient before takenill, and lock them up.As a rule give emetics after poisons that cause sleepiness and raving;chalk, milk, eggs, butter, and warm water, or oil, after poisons thatcause vomiting and pain in the stomach and bowels, with purging; andwhen there is no inflammation about the throat, tickle it with a featherto excite vomiting.Vomiting may be caused by giving warm water, with a teaspoonful ofmustard to the tumblerful, well stirred up. Sulphate of zinc (whitevitriol) may be used in place of the mustard, or powdered alum. Powderof ipecacuanha, a teaspoonful rubbed up with molasses, may be employedfor children. Tartar emetic should never be given, as it is excessivelydepressing, and uncontrollable in its effects. The stomach pump can onlybe used by skillful hands, and even then with caution.Opium and other Narcotics--After vomiting has occurred, cold watershould be dashed over the face and head. The patient must be kept awake,walked about between two strong persons, made to grasp the handles of agalvanic battery, dosed with strong coffee, and vigorously slapped.Belladonna is an antidote for opium and for morphia, etc.; its activeprinciples; and, on the other hand, the latter counteract the effects ofbelladonna. But a knowledge of medicine is necessary for dealing withthese articles.Strychnia--After emetics have been freely and successfully given, thepatient should be allowed to breathe the vapor of sulphuric ether,poured on a handkerchief and held to the face, in such quantities as tokeep down the tendency to convulsions. Bromide of potassium, twentygrains at a dose, dissolved in syrup, may be given every hour.Alcoholic Poisoning should be combated by emetics, of which the sulphateof zinc, given as above directed, is the best. After that, strong coffeeinternally, and stimulation by heat externally, should be used.Acids are sometimes swallowed by mistake. Alkalies, lime water,magnesia, or common chalk mixed with water, may be freely given, andafterward mucilaginous drinks, such as thick gum water or flaxseed tea.Alkalies are less frequently taken in injurious strength or quantity,but sometimes children swallow lye by mistake. Common vinegar may begiven freely, and then castor or sweet oil in full doses--atablespoonful at a time, repeated every half hour or two.Nitrate of silver when swallowed is neutralized by common table saltfreely given in solution in water.The salts of mercury or arsenic (often kept as bedbug poison), which arepowerful irritants, are apt to be very quickly fatal. Milk or the whitesof eggs may be freely given and afterward a very thin paste of flour andwater. In these cases an emetic is to be given after the poison isneutralized.Phosphorus paste, kept for roach poison or in parlor matches, issometimes eaten by children and has been willfully taken for the purposeof suicide. It is a powerful irritant. The first thing to be done is togive freely of magnesia and water; then to give mucilaginous drinks asflaxseed tea, gum water or sassafras pith and water; and lastly toadminister finely powdered bone-charcoal, either in pill or in mixturewith water.In no case of poisoning should there be any avoidable delay in obtainingthe advice of a physician, and, meanwhile, the friends or bystandersshould endeavor to find out exactly what has been taken, so that thetreatment adopted may be as prompt and effective as possible.KEEP STILL.Keep still. When trouble is brewing, keep still. Even when slander isgetting on its legs, keep still. When your feelings are hurt, keepstill, till you recover from your excitement at any rate. Things lookdifferently through an unagitated eye. A doctor relates how once in acommotion he wrote a letter, and sent it, and wished he had not. "I hadanother commotion and wrote a long letter; but life had rubbed a littlesense into me. I kept that letter in my pocket against the day when Icould look it over without agitation and without tears. I was glad Idid. Less and less it seemed necessary to send it I was not sure itwould do any hurt, but in my doubt I leaned to reticence, and eventuallyit was destroyed."PHILOSOPHICAL FACTS.The greatest height at which visible clouds ever exist does not exceedten miles.Air is about eight hundred and fifteen times lighter than water.The pressure of the atmosphere upon every square foot of the earthamounts to two thousand one hundred and sixty pounds.The violence of the expansion of water when freezing is sufficient tocleave a globe of copper of such thickness as to require a force of27,000 pounds, to produce the same effect.During the conversion of ice into water one hundred and forty degrees ofheat are absorbed.Water, when converted into steam, increases in bulk eighteen hundredtimes.In one second of time--in one beat of the pendulum of a clock--lighttravels two hundred thousand miles. Were a cannon ball shot toward thesun, and were it to maintain full speed, it would be twenty years inreaching it, and yet light travels through this space in seven or eightminutes.Strange as it may appear, a ball of a ton weight, and another of thesame material of an ounce weight, falling from any height will reach theground at the same time.The heat does not increase as we rise above the earth nearer to the sun,but decreases rapidly until, beyond the regions of the atmosphere, invoid, it is estimated that the cold is about seventy degrees below zero.The line of perpetual frost at the equator is 15,000 feet altitude;13,000 feet between the tropics; and 9,000 to 4,000 between thelatitudes of forty degrees and forty-nine degrees.At a depth of forty-five feet under ground, the temperature of the earthis uniform throughout the year.The human ear is so extremely sensitive that it can hear a sound thatlasts only the twenty-four thousandth part of a second.Sound travels at the rate of one thousand one hundred and forty-two feetper second-about thirteen miles in a minute. So that if we hear a clapof thunder half a minute after the flash, we may calculate that thedischarge of electricity is six and a half miles off.ALPHABETICAL INDEXAccent and PronunciationAccidents and EmergenciesAeronautics, Dictionary ofAge, To Tell, of Any PersonAge, When One Becomes ofAlphabet of Advice to WritersAmendments to the ConstitutionAnalogies in Nature, QueerAppalling Depths of Space, TheApparel for Men, ProperArt of Not Forgetting, TheAsthma, Relief forBaby's Mind, Development of theBalls and Evening ReceptionsBank, Doing Business with aBathing, Hints onBeauty and HealthBees (Memory Rhyme)Bell Time on Shipboard"Best Man." Duties of theBirthdays (Memory Rhyme)Birth StonesBlonds and Brunettes, Colors forBrain, The Wonderful HumanBread, Salt-RisingBride's TrousseauBright's Disease, Tomato inBurial Alive, To Guard AgainstBusiness Law in BriefBust, To Develop theCanary Birds, Care ofCapital Letters. The Use ofChamois SkinsChange, How to MakeCharacter as Seen in FacesCheck, How to Draw aCheck-Raising Made EasyCities, Nicknames ofCities, Principal AmericanCollege ColorsColor Contrast and HarmonyColors, How to SelectColors for Blonds and BrunettesComplexions, Men andConstitutional Law, Principal Points ofConstitution of the United States, TheCopyright, The Law ofCost and Price MarksCoughs, What CuresCounterfeit Money, How to DetectCourtship and Marriage, Etiquette ofCriminal Law, Points ofCuckoo, The (Memory Rhyme)Cure for Love, ADays of the WeekDeath Sentence of the SaviorDebutantes, Etiquette forDeclaration of Independence, TheDeclaration of Independence, Signers of theDentifrices, Useful and InjuriousDictionary of AeronauticsDictionary of DreamsDiscount, TradeDistances by Water from New YorkDistances that Stun the MindDivorce and MarriageDog, Senator Vest's Eulogy on theDoing Business with a BankDon't Be Buried AliveDower, The Right ofDreams and Their MeaningDress and Etiquette, Formalities inEngagement and Wedding RingsEnglish Grammar in a NutshellEtiquette of Courtship and MarriageEtiquette of the Visiting-CardEvolution Theory, TheExercise, PhysicalEyes, Care of theEyes, Character Indicated by theFables, ModernFacts about SpongesFacts about the Liberty BellFacts of General InterestFacts, Handy, to Settle ArgumentsFat People and Lean, Rules forFemale Figure, The PerfectFeminine Height and WeightFinding, The Law ofFingers and Hands, Various Forms ofFlag, The Language of theFlowers, The Language ofFormalities in Dress and EtiquetteFriendly Advice on Many SubjectsGeographical NicknamesGirdle of VenusGlue, Test forGod, The Name of, in Fifty Languages"Good Bye, God Bless You"Grammar, English, in a nutshellGrammar, Short (Memory Rhyme)Grammar, Spelling and PronunciationHair, Curious Facts AboutHair and Scalp, Care of theHand GrenadesHands and Fingers, Various Forms ofHands, Care of theHandy Metric TableHappiness DefinedHealth LineHealth and BeautyHeight and WeightHeight of Noted StructureHolidays, Legal, in Various StatesHorse's Prayer, TheHorses, To Tell the Age ofHousekeepers Should Remember, WhatHypnotism, The Mysteries ofIndependence, The Declaration ofIndorsement of Checks, etc.Infant Feeding and ManagementInterest Rules, ShortInvitations and AnnouncementsJefferson's Political PolicyJewelry, Correct Form ofKeep StillLady's Chance of Marrying, ALanguage of Flowers, TheLanguage of Precious StonesLast Words of Famous Men and WomenLaw, Business, in BriefLaw, Points of CriminalLetter CombinationsLiberty Bell, Facts About theLoisette's Memory SystemLove, A Cure forMagna ChartaMarriage and Courtship, Etiquette ofMarriage and DivorceMeasures and WeightsMecklenburg Declaration, TheMemory RhymesMemory System, Loisette'sMerchants' Cost and Price MarksMetric Table, HandyMonths, Derivation of the Names of theMonths, The (Memory Rhyme)Mottoes of the StatesMourning Colors the World OverMourning CustomsName of God in Fifty LanguagesNames of Men, Meanings of ChristianNames of Women, ChristianName, What's in aNature's Wonders, Some ofNicknames, GeographicalNicknames of CitiesNotes and AcceptancesNursing of Infants"Oh, I Wish I Was in Eden"Opportunity--Ingalls' Famous SonnetOpportunity--PoemOsteopathy, The Claims ofPalmistry, The Mysteries ofPalm-Reading, Chart forParliamentary Law, Principles, ofPatent, How to Obtain aPhilosophical FactsPhrenology, Dr. Spurzheim'sPhysical ExercisePiano, How to Care for aPoints of Criminal LawPoisons and Their AntidotesPopulation of Principal CitiesPoor Richard's SayingsPresidents, Ages and Deaths of thePresidents of the United StatesPrecious Stones, The Language ofPronunciation and AccentPronunciation, Common Errors inPronunciation, Simple Rules ofPunctuationQuinine to Break Up a Cold"Raised" ChecksRats, How to Get Rid ofRecipes, Trade Secrets, etc.Reputation, Lines ofRiddles, Old and NewRiding, Rules for (Memory Rhyme)Rights of Married WomenRoad, Rule of theSalt-Rising BreadScalp and Hair, Care of theScience and Statistics, Facts ofShakespeare's CounselShaving, Hints onShort Rules for SpellingShoulders, To Straighten RoundSingle Tax, TheSkin, Care of theSocial FormsSparrow, The EnglishSpelling, Short Rules forSponges, Facts AboutStates, Mottoes of theStates, The Names of theSteps in the Growth of American LibertySwollen Feet, Relief forTea and CoffeeTeeth of Children, TheTeeth, The Care of theTheosophyThings That Are MisnamedToasts and SentimentsToothacheTime in Which Money DoublesTrade DiscountsTrademarks, The Laws ofTrees, BigTrees, Maximum Age ofUnited States, Constitution ofVisiting-Card, Etiquette of theWater, How and When to DrinkWater, To Tell PureWedding and Engagement RingsWedding AnniversariesWedding CustomsWeights and MeasuresWeights and Measures, HandyWhat Housekeepers Should RememberWhat's in a Name?Wine, How to Serve, etc.Woman's Lunch, AWorkingmen Easily GulledWriters, Alphabet Of Advice to[Transcriber's note: The rest of the book is advertisemnts. Ads areseparated by a horizontal line.]