Ḥabash,9,92Hager, J. (G.),28,32Halliwell,59,85Hankel,93Hārūn al-Rashīd,97,106Havet,110Heath, T. L.,125Hebrew numerals,127Hecatæus,75Heiberg, J. L.,55,85,148Heilbronner,5Henry, C.,5,31,55,87,120,135Heriger,122Hermannus Contractus,123Herodotus,76,78Heyd,75Higden,136Hill, G. F.,52,139,142Hillebrandt, A.,15,74Hilprecht, H. V.,28Hindu forms, early,12Hindu number names,42Hodder,62Hoernle,43,49Holywood,seeSacroboscoHopkins, E. W.,12Horace,79,80Ḥosein ibn Moḥammed al-Maḥallī,6Hostus, M.,56Howard, H. H.,29Hrabanus Maurus,72Huart,7Huet,33Hugo, H.,57Humboldt, A. von,62Huswirt,58Iamblichus,81Ibn Abī Ya‛qūb,9Ibn al-Adamī,92Ibn al-Bannā,93Ibn Khordāḍbeh,101,106Ibn Wahab,103India, history of,14writing in,18Indicopleustes,83Indo-Bactrian numerals,19Indrājī,23Isḥāq ibn Yūsuf al-Ṣardafī,93Jacob of Florence,57Jacquet, E.,38Jamshid,56Jehan Certain,59Jetons,58,117Jevons, F. B.,76Johannes Hispalensis,48,88,124John of Halifax,seeSacroboscoJohn of Luna,seeJohannes HispalensisJordan, L.,58,124Joseph Ispanus (Joseph Sapiens),115Justinian,104Kále, M. R.,26Karabacek,56Karpinski, L. C.,126,134,138Kātyāyana,39Kaye, C. R.,6,16,43,46,121Keane, J.,75,82Keene, H. G.,15Kern,44Kharoṣṭhī,19,20Khosrū,82,91Kielhorn, F.,46,47Kircher, A.,34Kitāb al-Fihrist,seeFihristKleinwächter,32Klos,62Köbel,4,58,60,119,123Krumbacher, K.,57Kuckuck,62,133Kugler, F. X.,51Lachmann,85Lacouperie,33,35Lalitavistara,15,17Lami, G.,57La Roche,61Lassen,39Lāṭyāyana,39Lebœuf,135Leonardo of Pisa,5,10,57,64,74,120,128-133Lethaby, W. R.,142Levi, B.,13Levias,3Libri,73,85,95Light of Asia,16Luca da Firenze,144Lucas,128Mahābhārata,18Mahāvīrācārya,53Malabar numerals,36Malayalam numerals,36Mannert,81Margarita Philosophica,146Marie,78Marquardt, J.,85Marshman, J. C.,17Martin, T. H.,30,62,85,113Martines, D. C.,58Māshāllāh,3Maspero,28Mauch,142Maximus Planudes,2,57,66,93,120Megasthenes,77Merchants,114Meynard,8Migne,87Mikami, Y.,56Milanesi,128Moḥammed ibn ‛Abdallāh,92Moḥammed ibn Aḥmed,6Moḥammed ibn ‛Alī ‛Abdī,8Moḥammed ibn Mūsā,seeAl-KhowārazmīMolinier,123Monier-Williams,17Morley, D.,126Moroccan numerals,68,119Mortet, V.,11Moseley, C. B.,33Moṭahhar ibn Ṭāhir,7Mueller, A.,68Mumford, J. K.,109Muwaffaq al-Dīn,93Nabatean forms,21Nallino,4,54,55Nagl, A.,55,110,113,126Nānā Ghāt inscriptions,20,22,23,40Narducci,123Nasik cave inscriptions,24Naẓīf ibn Yumn,94Neander, A.,75Neophytos,57,62Neo-Pythagoreans,64Nesselmann,58Newman, Cardinal,96Newman, F. W.,131Nöldeke, Th.,91Notation,61Note,61,119Noviomagus,45,61,119,150Null,61Numerals,Algerian,68astrological,150Brāhmī,19-22,83early ideas of origin,1Hindu,26Hindu, classified,19,38Kharoṣṭhī,19-22Moroccan,68Nabatean,21origin,27,30,31,37supposed Arabic origin,2supposed Babylonian origin,28supposed Chaldean and Jewish origin,3supposed Chinese origin,28,32supposed Egyptian origin,27,30,69,70supposed Greek origin,33supposed Phœnician origin,32tables of,22-27,36,48,49,69,88,140,143,145-148O'Creat,5,55,119,120Olleris,110,113Oppert, G.,14,75Pali,22Pañcasiddhāntikā,44Paravey,32,57Pātalīpuṭra,77Patna,77Patrick, R.,119Payne, E. J.,106Pegolotti,107Peletier,2,62Perrot,80Persia,66,91,107Pertz,115Petrus de Dacia,59,61,62Pez, P. B.,117"Philalethes,"75Phillips, G.,107Picavet,105Pichler, F.,141Pihan, A. P.,36Pisa,128Place value,26,42,46,48Planudes,seeMaximus PlanudesPlimpton, G. A.,56,59,85,143,144,145,148Pliny,76Polo, N. and M.,107Prändel, J. G.,54Prinsep, J.,20,31Propertius,80Prosdocimo de' Beldomandi,137Prou,143Ptolemy,54,78Putnam,103Pythagoras,63Pythagorean numbers,13Pytheas of Massilia,76Rabbi ben Ezra,60,127Radulph of Laon,60,113,118,124Raets,62Rainer,seeGemma FrisiusRāmāyana,18Ramus,2,41,60,61Raoul Glaber,123Rapson,77Rauhfuss,seeDasypodiusRaumer, K. von,111Reclus, E.,14,96,130Recorde,3,58Reinaud,67,74,80Reveillaud,36Richer,110,112,115Riese, A.,119Robertson,81Robertus Cestrensis,97,126Rodet,5,44Roediger, J.,68Rollandus,144Romagnosi,81Rosen, F.,5Rotula,60Rudolff,85Rudolph,62,67Ruffi,150Sachau,6Sacrobosco,3,58,133Sacy, S. de,66,70Sa‛dī,102Śaka inscriptions,20Samū'īl ibn Yaḥyā,93Śāradā characters,55Savonne,60Scaliger, J. C.,73Scheubel,62Schlegel,12Schmidt,133Schonerus,87,119Schroeder, L. von,13Scylax,75Sedillot,8,34Senart,20,24,25Sened ibn ‛Alī,10,98Sfortunati,62,150Shelley, W.,126Siamese numerals,36Siddhānta,8,18Ṣifr,57Sigsboto,55Sihāb al-Dīn,67Silberberg,60Simon,13Sinān ibn al-Fatḥ,93Sindbad,100Sindhind,97Sipos,60Sirr, H. C.,75Skeel, C. A.,74Smith, D. E.,11,17,53,86,141,143Smith, V. A.,20,35,46,47Smith, Wm.,75Smṛti,17Spain,64,65,100Spitta-Bey,5Sprenger,94Śrautasūtra,39Steffens, F.,116Steinschneider,5,57,65,66,98,126Stifel,62Subandhus,44Suetonius,80Suleimān,100Śūnya,43,53,57Suter,5,9,68,69,93,116,131Sūtras,13Sykes, P. M.,75Sylvester II,seeGerbertSymonds, J. A.,129
Ḥabash,9,92Hager, J. (G.),28,32Halliwell,59,85Hankel,93Hārūn al-Rashīd,97,106Havet,110Heath, T. L.,125Hebrew numerals,127Hecatæus,75Heiberg, J. L.,55,85,148Heilbronner,5Henry, C.,5,31,55,87,120,135Heriger,122Hermannus Contractus,123Herodotus,76,78Heyd,75Higden,136Hill, G. F.,52,139,142Hillebrandt, A.,15,74Hilprecht, H. V.,28Hindu forms, early,12Hindu number names,42Hodder,62Hoernle,43,49Holywood,seeSacroboscoHopkins, E. W.,12Horace,79,80Ḥosein ibn Moḥammed al-Maḥallī,6Hostus, M.,56Howard, H. H.,29Hrabanus Maurus,72Huart,7Huet,33Hugo, H.,57Humboldt, A. von,62Huswirt,58
Ḥabash,9,92
Hager, J. (G.),28,32
Halliwell,59,85
Hankel,93
Hārūn al-Rashīd,97,106
Havet,110
Heath, T. L.,125
Hebrew numerals,127
Hecatæus,75
Heiberg, J. L.,55,85,148
Heilbronner,5
Henry, C.,5,31,55,87,120,135
Heriger,122
Hermannus Contractus,123
Herodotus,76,78
Heyd,75
Higden,136
Hill, G. F.,52,139,142
Hillebrandt, A.,15,74
Hilprecht, H. V.,28
Hindu forms, early,12
Hindu number names,42
Hodder,62
Hoernle,43,49
Holywood,seeSacrobosco
Hopkins, E. W.,12
Horace,79,80
Ḥosein ibn Moḥammed al-Maḥallī,6
Hostus, M.,56
Howard, H. H.,29
Hrabanus Maurus,72
Huart,7
Huet,33
Hugo, H.,57
Humboldt, A. von,62
Huswirt,58
Iamblichus,81Ibn Abī Ya‛qūb,9Ibn al-Adamī,92Ibn al-Bannā,93Ibn Khordāḍbeh,101,106Ibn Wahab,103India, history of,14writing in,18Indicopleustes,83Indo-Bactrian numerals,19Indrājī,23Isḥāq ibn Yūsuf al-Ṣardafī,93
Iamblichus,81
Ibn Abī Ya‛qūb,9
Ibn al-Adamī,92
Ibn al-Bannā,93
Ibn Khordāḍbeh,101,106
Ibn Wahab,103
India, history of,14
writing in,18
Indicopleustes,83
Indo-Bactrian numerals,19
Indrājī,23
Isḥāq ibn Yūsuf al-Ṣardafī,93
Jacob of Florence,57Jacquet, E.,38Jamshid,56Jehan Certain,59Jetons,58,117Jevons, F. B.,76Johannes Hispalensis,48,88,124John of Halifax,seeSacroboscoJohn of Luna,seeJohannes HispalensisJordan, L.,58,124Joseph Ispanus (Joseph Sapiens),115Justinian,104
Jacob of Florence,57
Jacquet, E.,38
Jamshid,56
Jehan Certain,59
Jetons,58,117
Jevons, F. B.,76
Johannes Hispalensis,48,88,124
John of Halifax,seeSacrobosco
John of Luna,seeJohannes Hispalensis
Jordan, L.,58,124
Joseph Ispanus (Joseph Sapiens),115
Justinian,104
Kále, M. R.,26Karabacek,56Karpinski, L. C.,126,134,138Kātyāyana,39Kaye, C. R.,6,16,43,46,121Keane, J.,75,82Keene, H. G.,15Kern,44Kharoṣṭhī,19,20Khosrū,82,91Kielhorn, F.,46,47Kircher, A.,34Kitāb al-Fihrist,seeFihristKleinwächter,32Klos,62Köbel,4,58,60,119,123Krumbacher, K.,57Kuckuck,62,133Kugler, F. X.,51
Kále, M. R.,26
Karabacek,56
Karpinski, L. C.,126,134,138
Kātyāyana,39
Kaye, C. R.,6,16,43,46,121
Keane, J.,75,82
Keene, H. G.,15
Kern,44
Kharoṣṭhī,19,20
Khosrū,82,91
Kielhorn, F.,46,47
Kircher, A.,34
Kitāb al-Fihrist,seeFihrist
Kleinwächter,32
Klos,62
Köbel,4,58,60,119,123
Krumbacher, K.,57
Kuckuck,62,133
Kugler, F. X.,51
Lachmann,85Lacouperie,33,35Lalitavistara,15,17Lami, G.,57La Roche,61Lassen,39Lāṭyāyana,39Lebœuf,135Leonardo of Pisa,5,10,57,64,74,120,128-133Lethaby, W. R.,142Levi, B.,13Levias,3Libri,73,85,95Light of Asia,16Luca da Firenze,144Lucas,128
Lachmann,85
Lacouperie,33,35
Lalitavistara,15,17
Lami, G.,57
La Roche,61
Lassen,39
Lāṭyāyana,39
Lebœuf,135
Leonardo of Pisa,5,10,57,64,74,120,128-133
Lethaby, W. R.,142
Levi, B.,13
Levias,3
Libri,73,85,95
Light of Asia,16
Luca da Firenze,144
Lucas,128
Mahābhārata,18Mahāvīrācārya,53Malabar numerals,36Malayalam numerals,36Mannert,81Margarita Philosophica,146Marie,78Marquardt, J.,85Marshman, J. C.,17Martin, T. H.,30,62,85,113Martines, D. C.,58Māshāllāh,3Maspero,28Mauch,142Maximus Planudes,2,57,66,93,120Megasthenes,77Merchants,114Meynard,8Migne,87Mikami, Y.,56Milanesi,128Moḥammed ibn ‛Abdallāh,92Moḥammed ibn Aḥmed,6Moḥammed ibn ‛Alī ‛Abdī,8Moḥammed ibn Mūsā,seeAl-KhowārazmīMolinier,123Monier-Williams,17Morley, D.,126Moroccan numerals,68,119Mortet, V.,11Moseley, C. B.,33Moṭahhar ibn Ṭāhir,7Mueller, A.,68Mumford, J. K.,109Muwaffaq al-Dīn,93
Mahābhārata,18
Mahāvīrācārya,53
Malabar numerals,36
Malayalam numerals,36
Mannert,81
Margarita Philosophica,146
Marie,78
Marquardt, J.,85
Marshman, J. C.,17
Martin, T. H.,30,62,85,113
Martines, D. C.,58
Māshāllāh,3
Maspero,28
Mauch,142
Maximus Planudes,2,57,66,93,120
Megasthenes,77
Merchants,114
Meynard,8
Migne,87
Mikami, Y.,56
Milanesi,128
Moḥammed ibn ‛Abdallāh,92
Moḥammed ibn Aḥmed,6
Moḥammed ibn ‛Alī ‛Abdī,8
Moḥammed ibn Mūsā,seeAl-Khowārazmī
Molinier,123
Monier-Williams,17
Morley, D.,126
Moroccan numerals,68,119
Mortet, V.,11
Moseley, C. B.,33
Moṭahhar ibn Ṭāhir,7
Mueller, A.,68
Mumford, J. K.,109
Muwaffaq al-Dīn,93
Nabatean forms,21Nallino,4,54,55Nagl, A.,55,110,113,126Nānā Ghāt inscriptions,20,22,23,40Narducci,123Nasik cave inscriptions,24Naẓīf ibn Yumn,94Neander, A.,75Neophytos,57,62Neo-Pythagoreans,64Nesselmann,58Newman, Cardinal,96Newman, F. W.,131Nöldeke, Th.,91Notation,61Note,61,119Noviomagus,45,61,119,150Null,61Numerals,Algerian,68astrological,150Brāhmī,19-22,83early ideas of origin,1Hindu,26Hindu, classified,19,38Kharoṣṭhī,19-22Moroccan,68Nabatean,21origin,27,30,31,37supposed Arabic origin,2supposed Babylonian origin,28supposed Chaldean and Jewish origin,3supposed Chinese origin,28,32supposed Egyptian origin,27,30,69,70supposed Greek origin,33supposed Phœnician origin,32tables of,22-27,36,48,49,69,88,140,143,145-148
Nabatean forms,21
Nallino,4,54,55
Nagl, A.,55,110,113,126
Nānā Ghāt inscriptions,20,22,23,40
Narducci,123
Nasik cave inscriptions,24
Naẓīf ibn Yumn,94
Neander, A.,75
Neophytos,57,62
Neo-Pythagoreans,64
Nesselmann,58
Newman, Cardinal,96
Newman, F. W.,131
Nöldeke, Th.,91
Notation,61
Note,61,119
Noviomagus,45,61,119,150
Null,61
Numerals,
Algerian,68
astrological,150
Brāhmī,19-22,83
early ideas of origin,1
Hindu,26
Hindu, classified,19,38
Kharoṣṭhī,19-22
Moroccan,68
Nabatean,21
origin,27,30,31,37
supposed Arabic origin,2
supposed Babylonian origin,28
supposed Chaldean and Jewish origin,3
supposed Chinese origin,28,32
supposed Egyptian origin,27,30,69,70
supposed Greek origin,33
supposed Phœnician origin,32
tables of,22-27,36,48,49,69,88,140,143,145-148
O'Creat,5,55,119,120Olleris,110,113Oppert, G.,14,75
O'Creat,5,55,119,120
Olleris,110,113
Oppert, G.,14,75
Pali,22Pañcasiddhāntikā,44Paravey,32,57Pātalīpuṭra,77Patna,77Patrick, R.,119Payne, E. J.,106Pegolotti,107Peletier,2,62Perrot,80Persia,66,91,107Pertz,115Petrus de Dacia,59,61,62Pez, P. B.,117"Philalethes,"75Phillips, G.,107Picavet,105Pichler, F.,141Pihan, A. P.,36Pisa,128Place value,26,42,46,48Planudes,seeMaximus PlanudesPlimpton, G. A.,56,59,85,143,144,145,148Pliny,76Polo, N. and M.,107Prändel, J. G.,54Prinsep, J.,20,31Propertius,80Prosdocimo de' Beldomandi,137Prou,143Ptolemy,54,78Putnam,103Pythagoras,63Pythagorean numbers,13Pytheas of Massilia,76
Pali,22
Pañcasiddhāntikā,44
Paravey,32,57
Pātalīpuṭra,77
Patna,77
Patrick, R.,119
Payne, E. J.,106
Pegolotti,107
Peletier,2,62
Perrot,80
Persia,66,91,107
Pertz,115
Petrus de Dacia,59,61,62
Pez, P. B.,117
"Philalethes,"75
Phillips, G.,107
Picavet,105
Pichler, F.,141
Pihan, A. P.,36
Pisa,128
Place value,26,42,46,48
Planudes,seeMaximus Planudes
Plimpton, G. A.,56,59,85,143,144,145,148
Pliny,76
Polo, N. and M.,107
Prändel, J. G.,54
Prinsep, J.,20,31
Propertius,80
Prosdocimo de' Beldomandi,137
Prou,143
Ptolemy,54,78
Putnam,103
Pythagoras,63
Pythagorean numbers,13
Pytheas of Massilia,76
Rabbi ben Ezra,60,127Radulph of Laon,60,113,118,124Raets,62Rainer,seeGemma FrisiusRāmāyana,18Ramus,2,41,60,61Raoul Glaber,123Rapson,77Rauhfuss,seeDasypodiusRaumer, K. von,111Reclus, E.,14,96,130Recorde,3,58Reinaud,67,74,80Reveillaud,36Richer,110,112,115Riese, A.,119Robertson,81Robertus Cestrensis,97,126Rodet,5,44Roediger, J.,68Rollandus,144Romagnosi,81Rosen, F.,5Rotula,60Rudolff,85Rudolph,62,67Ruffi,150
Rabbi ben Ezra,60,127
Radulph of Laon,60,113,118,124
Raets,62
Rainer,seeGemma Frisius
Rāmāyana,18
Ramus,2,41,60,61
Raoul Glaber,123
Rapson,77
Rauhfuss,seeDasypodius
Raumer, K. von,111
Reclus, E.,14,96,130
Recorde,3,58
Reinaud,67,74,80
Reveillaud,36
Richer,110,112,115
Riese, A.,119
Robertson,81
Robertus Cestrensis,97,126
Rodet,5,44
Roediger, J.,68
Rollandus,144
Romagnosi,81
Rosen, F.,5
Rotula,60
Rudolff,85
Rudolph,62,67
Ruffi,150
Sachau,6Sacrobosco,3,58,133Sacy, S. de,66,70Sa‛dī,102Śaka inscriptions,20Samū'īl ibn Yaḥyā,93Śāradā characters,55Savonne,60Scaliger, J. C.,73Scheubel,62Schlegel,12Schmidt,133Schonerus,87,119Schroeder, L. von,13Scylax,75Sedillot,8,34Senart,20,24,25Sened ibn ‛Alī,10,98Sfortunati,62,150Shelley, W.,126Siamese numerals,36Siddhānta,8,18Ṣifr,57Sigsboto,55Sihāb al-Dīn,67Silberberg,60Simon,13Sinān ibn al-Fatḥ,93Sindbad,100Sindhind,97Sipos,60Sirr, H. C.,75Skeel, C. A.,74Smith, D. E.,11,17,53,86,141,143Smith, V. A.,20,35,46,47Smith, Wm.,75Smṛti,17Spain,64,65,100Spitta-Bey,5Sprenger,94Śrautasūtra,39Steffens, F.,116Steinschneider,5,57,65,66,98,126Stifel,62Subandhus,44Suetonius,80Suleimān,100Śūnya,43,53,57Suter,5,9,68,69,93,116,131Sūtras,13Sykes, P. M.,75Sylvester II,seeGerbertSymonds, J. A.,129
Sachau,6
Sacrobosco,3,58,133
Sacy, S. de,66,70
Sa‛dī,102
Śaka inscriptions,20
Samū'īl ibn Yaḥyā,93
Śāradā characters,55
Savonne,60
Scaliger, J. C.,73
Scheubel,62
Schlegel,12
Schmidt,133
Schonerus,87,119
Schroeder, L. von,13
Scylax,75
Sedillot,8,34
Senart,20,24,25
Sened ibn ‛Alī,10,98
Sfortunati,62,150
Shelley, W.,126
Siamese numerals,36
Siddhānta,8,18
Ṣifr,57
Sigsboto,55
Sihāb al-Dīn,67
Silberberg,60
Simon,13
Sinān ibn al-Fatḥ,93
Sindbad,100
Sindhind,97
Sipos,60
Sirr, H. C.,75
Skeel, C. A.,74
Smith, D. E.,11,17,53,86,141,143
Smith, V. A.,20,35,46,47
Smith, Wm.,75
Smṛti,17
Spain,64,65,100
Spitta-Bey,5
Sprenger,94
Śrautasūtra,39
Steffens, F.,116
Steinschneider,5,57,65,66,98,126
Stifel,62
Subandhus,44
Suetonius,80
Suleimān,100
Śūnya,43,53,57
Suter,5,9,68,69,93,116,131
Sūtras,13
Sykes, P. M.,75
Sylvester II,seeGerbert
Symonds, J. A.,129