Transcriber's Notes:There are many possible inaccuracies in the non-English references in this book. The non-English portions are left as printed, unless noted below.Some fractions, such as 6747⁄41on page314have a numerator larger than the denominator. Even though these are most likely incorrect, they are left as in the original as there is no way to confirm what they should be.The following errors in the original text were corrected. In the text they are noted with adotted underlineand a hover text explaining the change as noted below.Page XIX, Preface: "Dei Münzen der deutschen" corrected to "Die Münzen der deutschen"Page XXX, Table of Contents, Chapter III: "recoinage of, 1696, 222;" corrected to "recoinage of 1696, 222;"Page 5, Chapter 1: "in order to the supply of the Italian mints" corrected to "in order to supply the Italian mints"Page 7, Chapter 1: "the Archbishop of Cologne the Duke of Brabant" corrected to "the Archbishop of Cologne, the Duke of Brabant"Page 8, Chapter 1: "50 marks 2 oz. 31⁄2aug." corrected to "50 marks 2 oz. 31⁄2ang."Page 79, Chapter 2, in the table "German Gold Guldens:" "1591" corrected to "1581" to match right hand column and date sequence.Page 87, Chapter 2: "Spanish and Portugese gold ducats" corrected to "Spanish and Portuguese gold ducats"Page 89, Chapter 2: "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e 60 sols." corrected to "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e. 60 sols."Page 141, Chapter 2: "The merchant-adventurers were appealed to to buy up these stocks, but they were unable." corrected to "The merchant-adventurers were appealed to, to buy up these stocks, but they were unable."Page 155, Chapter 3, in untitled table: second occurrence of "1841-1850" corrected to "1851-1855" to match sequence in table.Page 169, Chapter 3: "a value of 20 livres; and of silver ecus at 83⁄10to the" corrected to "a value of 20 livres; and of silver écus at 83⁄10to the" as écus has the accent on every other occurrence.Page 176, Chapter 3: "It is on the same conideration" corrected to "It is on the same consideration"Page 184, Chapter 3: Table header "Silver. (Francs)." corrected to "Silver (Francs)." to match format in other headers and other tables.Page 198, Chapter 3: "—Franconia, Bavaria, and Suabia—" corrected to "—Franconia, Bavaria, and Swabia—"Page 206, Chapter 3: "Schwanzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)" corrected to "Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)"Page 207, Chapter 3: "each state to give an account of its mintings," corrected to "each state to give an account of its mintings."Page 219, Chapter 3: heading "England" corrected to "England." to match other headers.Page 233, Chapter 3: "On this occassion I addressed a letter to a noble Lord," corrected to "On this occasion I addressed a letter to a noble Lord,"Page 246, Chapter 3: "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d" corrected to "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d."Page 251, Chapter 3: "that gold was extremely over-valued in the United" corrected to "that gold was extremely overvalued in the United" as all other occurrences of overvalued are not hyphenated.Page 287, Chapter 3: "by substituting silver coin or notes based on silver" corrected to "by substituting silver coins or notes based on silver"Page 294, Chapter 3: "history of the world has been characterstic and uniform" corrected to "history of the world has been characteristic and uniform"Page 325appears to be a continuation of the table onpage 326. These pages reversed by transcriber.Page 326, Appendix III: "Cornados viejos" corrected to "Coronados viejos"Page 353, Appendix IV: "1 gulden 2 francs 1161⁄100centimes." corrected to "1 gulden = 2 francs 1161⁄100centimes."Page 364, Appendix V: "The third Imperial Mint Ordinance established an important difference from this system," corrected to "The third Imperial Mint Ordinance established an important difference from this system."Page 369, Appendix V:Pfennige3"720"corrected toPfennige,3"720"Page 393, Appendix V: The following 2 dates were a best guess based on the text. The dates were obviously incorrect."1855, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr." corrected to "1585, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr.""1623 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr." corrected to "1603 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr."Page 404, Appendix VI: "15 sols (i.e.a quarter the value of the écu d'or, then set at 60 sols)" corrected to "15 sols. (i.e.a quarter the value of the écu d'or, then set at 60 sols.)"Page 407, Appendix VI: "1626 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3 livres respectively." corrected to "1726 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3 livres respectively."Page 408, Appendix VI: "1329 (Philipp de Valois), Dec. 26" corrected to "1329 (Philippe de Valois), Dec. 26"Page 411, Appendix VI: "Écu á la" corrected to "Écu à la" under 1425 and 1427Page 412, Appendix VI: "1487 (CharlesVII.)" corrected to "1487 (CharlesVII.),"Page 425, General Index: "CalonneXV., 172." corrected to "Calonne,XV., 172.""Chambers, Mr., 259." corrected to "Chambres, Mr., 259."Page 427, General Index: "Freemantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290." corrected to "Fremantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290."Page 431, Index of Coins: "Angelets, 117." corrected to "Angellets, 117.""à l'ecu, 420." corrected to "à l'écu, 420." as l'écu is accented on page 420.Page 432, Index of Coins: "Dukaton of Brabant, 357" spelled "Dakaton of Brabant" on page 357. Don't know which is correct. Both left as printed.Header starting F was added."di sugello, 302, 304." corrected to "di suggello, 302, 304."Page 433, Index of Coins: "Florens d'or aux Fleurs de lis" corrected to "Florins d'or aux Fleurs de lis""Gigliali, 375. (See Florentine.)" corrected to "Gigliati, 375. (See Florentine.)""Grosseti, 307." spelled as "Grossetti" on page 307. Don't know which is correct, both left as printed.Page 434, Index of Coins: "Joachims thaler or Schlicken o Löwen thaler, 363." correct to "Joachims thaler or Schlicken or Löwen thaler, 363."Page 435, Index of Coins: "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobels, Burgundian.)" corrected to "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobles, Burgundian.)"Page 436, Index of Coins: "Riders Gelderns, 119. (See Rijder.)" Gelderns spelled as "Gelderus" on page 119. Don't know which is correct, both left as printed."of esterlings, 55." ditto mark added to represent Shilling
There are many possible inaccuracies in the non-English references in this book. The non-English portions are left as printed, unless noted below.Some fractions, such as 6747⁄41on page314have a numerator larger than the denominator. Even though these are most likely incorrect, they are left as in the original as there is no way to confirm what they should be.
There are many possible inaccuracies in the non-English references in this book. The non-English portions are left as printed, unless noted below.
Some fractions, such as 6747⁄41on page314have a numerator larger than the denominator. Even though these are most likely incorrect, they are left as in the original as there is no way to confirm what they should be.
The following errors in the original text were corrected. In the text they are noted with adotted underlineand a hover text explaining the change as noted below.
Page XIX, Preface: "Dei Münzen der deutschen" corrected to "Die Münzen der deutschen"Page XXX, Table of Contents, Chapter III: "recoinage of, 1696, 222;" corrected to "recoinage of 1696, 222;"Page 5, Chapter 1: "in order to the supply of the Italian mints" corrected to "in order to supply the Italian mints"Page 7, Chapter 1: "the Archbishop of Cologne the Duke of Brabant" corrected to "the Archbishop of Cologne, the Duke of Brabant"Page 8, Chapter 1: "50 marks 2 oz. 31⁄2aug." corrected to "50 marks 2 oz. 31⁄2ang."Page 79, Chapter 2, in the table "German Gold Guldens:" "1591" corrected to "1581" to match right hand column and date sequence.Page 87, Chapter 2: "Spanish and Portugese gold ducats" corrected to "Spanish and Portuguese gold ducats"Page 89, Chapter 2: "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e 60 sols." corrected to "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e. 60 sols."Page 141, Chapter 2: "The merchant-adventurers were appealed to to buy up these stocks, but they were unable." corrected to "The merchant-adventurers were appealed to, to buy up these stocks, but they were unable."Page 155, Chapter 3, in untitled table: second occurrence of "1841-1850" corrected to "1851-1855" to match sequence in table.Page 169, Chapter 3: "a value of 20 livres; and of silver ecus at 83⁄10to the" corrected to "a value of 20 livres; and of silver écus at 83⁄10to the" as écus has the accent on every other occurrence.Page 176, Chapter 3: "It is on the same conideration" corrected to "It is on the same consideration"Page 184, Chapter 3: Table header "Silver. (Francs)." corrected to "Silver (Francs)." to match format in other headers and other tables.Page 198, Chapter 3: "—Franconia, Bavaria, and Suabia—" corrected to "—Franconia, Bavaria, and Swabia—"Page 206, Chapter 3: "Schwanzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)" corrected to "Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)"Page 207, Chapter 3: "each state to give an account of its mintings," corrected to "each state to give an account of its mintings."Page 219, Chapter 3: heading "England" corrected to "England." to match other headers.Page 233, Chapter 3: "On this occassion I addressed a letter to a noble Lord," corrected to "On this occasion I addressed a letter to a noble Lord,"Page 246, Chapter 3: "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d" corrected to "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d."Page 251, Chapter 3: "that gold was extremely over-valued in the United" corrected to "that gold was extremely overvalued in the United" as all other occurrences of overvalued are not hyphenated.Page 287, Chapter 3: "by substituting silver coin or notes based on silver" corrected to "by substituting silver coins or notes based on silver"Page 294, Chapter 3: "history of the world has been characterstic and uniform" corrected to "history of the world has been characteristic and uniform"Page 325appears to be a continuation of the table onpage 326. These pages reversed by transcriber.Page 326, Appendix III: "Cornados viejos" corrected to "Coronados viejos"Page 353, Appendix IV: "1 gulden 2 francs 1161⁄100centimes." corrected to "1 gulden = 2 francs 1161⁄100centimes."Page 364, Appendix V: "The third Imperial Mint Ordinance established an important difference from this system," corrected to "The third Imperial Mint Ordinance established an important difference from this system."Page 369, Appendix V:Pfennige3"720"corrected toPfennige,3"720"Page 393, Appendix V: The following 2 dates were a best guess based on the text. The dates were obviously incorrect."1855, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr." corrected to "1585, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr.""1623 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr." corrected to "1603 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr."Page 404, Appendix VI: "15 sols (i.e.a quarter the value of the écu d'or, then set at 60 sols)" corrected to "15 sols. (i.e.a quarter the value of the écu d'or, then set at 60 sols.)"Page 407, Appendix VI: "1626 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3 livres respectively." corrected to "1726 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3 livres respectively."Page 408, Appendix VI: "1329 (Philipp de Valois), Dec. 26" corrected to "1329 (Philippe de Valois), Dec. 26"Page 411, Appendix VI: "Écu á la" corrected to "Écu à la" under 1425 and 1427Page 412, Appendix VI: "1487 (CharlesVII.)" corrected to "1487 (CharlesVII.),"Page 425, General Index: "CalonneXV., 172." corrected to "Calonne,XV., 172.""Chambers, Mr., 259." corrected to "Chambres, Mr., 259."Page 427, General Index: "Freemantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290." corrected to "Fremantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290."Page 431, Index of Coins: "Angelets, 117." corrected to "Angellets, 117.""à l'ecu, 420." corrected to "à l'écu, 420." as l'écu is accented on page 420.Page 432, Index of Coins: "Dukaton of Brabant, 357" spelled "Dakaton of Brabant" on page 357. Don't know which is correct. Both left as printed.Header starting F was added."di sugello, 302, 304." corrected to "di suggello, 302, 304."Page 433, Index of Coins: "Florens d'or aux Fleurs de lis" corrected to "Florins d'or aux Fleurs de lis""Gigliali, 375. (See Florentine.)" corrected to "Gigliati, 375. (See Florentine.)""Grosseti, 307." spelled as "Grossetti" on page 307. Don't know which is correct, both left as printed.Page 434, Index of Coins: "Joachims thaler or Schlicken o Löwen thaler, 363." correct to "Joachims thaler or Schlicken or Löwen thaler, 363."Page 435, Index of Coins: "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobels, Burgundian.)" corrected to "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobles, Burgundian.)"Page 436, Index of Coins: "Riders Gelderns, 119. (See Rijder.)" Gelderns spelled as "Gelderus" on page 119. Don't know which is correct, both left as printed."of esterlings, 55." ditto mark added to represent Shilling
Page XIX, Preface: "Dei Münzen der deutschen" corrected to "Die Münzen der deutschen"
Page XXX, Table of Contents, Chapter III: "recoinage of, 1696, 222;" corrected to "recoinage of 1696, 222;"
Page 5, Chapter 1: "in order to the supply of the Italian mints" corrected to "in order to supply the Italian mints"
Page 7, Chapter 1: "the Archbishop of Cologne the Duke of Brabant" corrected to "the Archbishop of Cologne, the Duke of Brabant"
Page 8, Chapter 1: "50 marks 2 oz. 31⁄2aug." corrected to "50 marks 2 oz. 31⁄2ang."
Page 79, Chapter 2, in the table "German Gold Guldens:" "1591" corrected to "1581" to match right hand column and date sequence.
Page 87, Chapter 2: "Spanish and Portugese gold ducats" corrected to "Spanish and Portuguese gold ducats"
Page 89, Chapter 2: "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e 60 sols." corrected to "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e. 60 sols."
Page 141, Chapter 2: "The merchant-adventurers were appealed to to buy up these stocks, but they were unable." corrected to "The merchant-adventurers were appealed to, to buy up these stocks, but they were unable."
Page 155, Chapter 3, in untitled table: second occurrence of "1841-1850" corrected to "1851-1855" to match sequence in table.
Page 169, Chapter 3: "a value of 20 livres; and of silver ecus at 83⁄10to the" corrected to "a value of 20 livres; and of silver écus at 83⁄10to the" as écus has the accent on every other occurrence.
Page 176, Chapter 3: "It is on the same conideration" corrected to "It is on the same consideration"
Page 184, Chapter 3: Table header "Silver. (Francs)." corrected to "Silver (Francs)." to match format in other headers and other tables.
Page 198, Chapter 3: "—Franconia, Bavaria, and Suabia—" corrected to "—Franconia, Bavaria, and Swabia—"
Page 206, Chapter 3: "Schwanzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)" corrected to "Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)"
Page 207, Chapter 3: "each state to give an account of its mintings," corrected to "each state to give an account of its mintings."
Page 219, Chapter 3: heading "England" corrected to "England." to match other headers.
Page 233, Chapter 3: "On this occassion I addressed a letter to a noble Lord," corrected to "On this occasion I addressed a letter to a noble Lord,"
Page 246, Chapter 3: "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d" corrected to "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d."
Page 251, Chapter 3: "that gold was extremely over-valued in the United" corrected to "that gold was extremely overvalued in the United" as all other occurrences of overvalued are not hyphenated.
Page 287, Chapter 3: "by substituting silver coin or notes based on silver" corrected to "by substituting silver coins or notes based on silver"
Page 294, Chapter 3: "history of the world has been characterstic and uniform" corrected to "history of the world has been characteristic and uniform"
Page 325appears to be a continuation of the table onpage 326. These pages reversed by transcriber.
Page 326, Appendix III: "Cornados viejos" corrected to "Coronados viejos"
Page 353, Appendix IV: "1 gulden 2 francs 1161⁄100centimes." corrected to "1 gulden = 2 francs 1161⁄100centimes."
Page 364, Appendix V: "The third Imperial Mint Ordinance established an important difference from this system," corrected to "The third Imperial Mint Ordinance established an important difference from this system."
Page 369, Appendix V:
Page 393, Appendix V: The following 2 dates were a best guess based on the text. The dates were obviously incorrect.
"1855, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr." corrected to "1585, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr.""1623 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr." corrected to "1603 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr."
"1855, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr." corrected to "1585, Frankfort Fair—Philipps thaler = 82 kr."
"1623 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr." corrected to "1603 (Higher Circles)—Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr."
Page 404, Appendix VI: "15 sols (i.e.a quarter the value of the écu d'or, then set at 60 sols)" corrected to "15 sols. (i.e.a quarter the value of the écu d'or, then set at 60 sols.)"
Page 407, Appendix VI: "1626 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3 livres respectively." corrected to "1726 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3 livres respectively."
Page 408, Appendix VI: "1329 (Philipp de Valois), Dec. 26" corrected to "1329 (Philippe de Valois), Dec. 26"
Page 411, Appendix VI: "Écu á la" corrected to "Écu à la" under 1425 and 1427
Page 412, Appendix VI: "1487 (CharlesVII.)" corrected to "1487 (CharlesVII.),"
Page 425, General Index: "CalonneXV., 172." corrected to "Calonne,XV., 172."
"Chambers, Mr., 259." corrected to "Chambres, Mr., 259."
Page 427, General Index: "Freemantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290." corrected to "Fremantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290."
Page 431, Index of Coins: "Angelets, 117." corrected to "Angellets, 117."
"à l'ecu, 420." corrected to "à l'écu, 420." as l'écu is accented on page 420.
Page 432, Index of Coins: "Dukaton of Brabant, 357" spelled "Dakaton of Brabant" on page 357. Don't know which is correct. Both left as printed.
Header starting F was added.
"di sugello, 302, 304." corrected to "di suggello, 302, 304."
Page 433, Index of Coins: "Florens d'or aux Fleurs de lis" corrected to "Florins d'or aux Fleurs de lis"
"Gigliali, 375. (See Florentine.)" corrected to "Gigliati, 375. (See Florentine.)"
"Grosseti, 307." spelled as "Grossetti" on page 307. Don't know which is correct, both left as printed.
Page 434, Index of Coins: "Joachims thaler or Schlicken o Löwen thaler, 363." correct to "Joachims thaler or Schlicken or Löwen thaler, 363."
Page 435, Index of Coins: "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobels, Burgundian.)" corrected to "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobles, Burgundian.)"
Page 436, Index of Coins: "Riders Gelderns, 119. (See Rijder.)" Gelderns spelled as "Gelderus" on page 119. Don't know which is correct, both left as printed.
"of esterlings, 55." ditto mark added to represent Shilling