reluctance of Carouge to allow Huguenot massacre at,119Rousseau, Jean Jacques, cause of his power as a political writer,84definition of the social compact,57effects of his teaching on Marat,57,58proclaimer of equality,273vindication of natural society by,263on true sense of country,294Royalism, execution of Charles I., a triumph for,51Royalty exalted into a religion (see alsoDivine Right of KingsandPassive Obedience),47Ruinart, credulous criticism of,420Rümelin,589;on political expediency,222Russia, and its adoption of Greek Church,333-4attitude of, to Vatican Council,508quarrel of, with Pius IX.,493Russian nationality attacked by Napoleon I.,281Saccarelli, Döllinger's tribute to,387"Sacerdotal Celibacy,"561;and theDroit du Seigneur,566Sacred College, the, attitude of, on the St. Bartholomew,140Salviati's eminence at,110Sadolet, Paul,cited, on massacre of Vaudois of Provence,217Sailer,402St. Augustine,cited,197;in praise of Seneca,25St. Bartholomew, the Massacre of (seeMassacre of St, Bartholomew),44,101;not a crime of the people,43St. Bernard,434St. Brieuc, agreement with Gratry's views,537St. Cyprian, intolerance a rule of life from the days of, Lea's view,562St. Dominic as the First Inquisitor,553;so entitled by Sixtus V.558attitude of, to heretics,428,554house of, at Toulouse, headquarters of the Inquisition,552St. Elizabeth of Hungary, strange choice by, of a confessor,570St. Francis of Assisi, Lea's view of,569St. Germains, Peace of, advantages of, to French Huguenots,105;alarmist views on, of Salviati,110St. Irenaeus, language of, which might be taken as Arian,592St. Louis, Archbishop of, on the Immaculate Conception,545on Papal Infallibility,533,545;his protest against the doctrine,499St. Martin, mysticism of,376;study of, by De Maistre,377St. Pölten, Bishop of (Fessler), and the proposed discussion of Papal Infallibility at Vatican Council,500-501,513reform urged by,495Secretary of Vatican Council,501St. Raymond and the Inquisition,556-7St. Sulpice, Catechism of, Lea's deductions from,570opposition of, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism,463St. Thomas Aquinas, later exponent of Plato'sPolitics,72citedon the relation of Kings to the People,36,37Sainte Beuve, C.A.,citedon political fatalism,221Ste. Hilaire, Barthélemy,citedon Machiavelli's politics,219Salvianus on social virtues of pagans,33Salviati, despatches of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,132,133;as utilised by Acton, and his predecessors,102on the "spirit of a Christian," as shown by Charles IX. at the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,122on the true reason for the Navarre marriage,135Samarra, the,569San Callisto, Döllinger's visit to,411San Germano, treaty of,555San Marino,386Santa Croce, Nuncio, information derived from, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,102;on the plans framed at Bayonne against Huguenots,108¬e,108-9alleged report by, on the intended Huguenot massacre,131-2Sarpi, Paolo,citedon political honesty,213Savigny,380;influence of, on Döllinger,376leading doctrines of,594source of historical works of,386Savonarola, Girolamo,556Savoy, motto of its abortive rising in 1834.,286not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,109Duke of, and the marriage of Coligny,110Say, J.B.,citedon political virtues,219Schelling,403estrangement of, from Döllinger,381mythology of,405citedon collective thought,585-6Scherer, Edmond,citedon progress,221Schlegel, H.W.F. von, classed as Ultramontane,451studied by Döllinger,375Schleiermacher, F.E.D., Döllinger on,375Schmalkald, Confession of, on excommunication,158Schomberg on Charles IX. and the provincial massacres,120Schopenhauer, metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for,381Schottmüller,421,574;conclusions of, on the trial of the Templars,563Schrader, Clement, reputation of,502on commission of preparation for Vatican Council,500Schwarzenberg, Cardinal, manager of German elections to Commission on Dogma,529,532Cardinal, opposition of, at Vatican Council,525-6on Papal Infallibility,544Schwenkfeld, Kaspar von, his doctrines condemned by Melanchthon,167Science, demands of, on its students,453liberty of, in the Church,461-91liberty in, questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication,477power of, to act upon religion, not foreseen in 1679.,595Science and religion, reconciliation of,462;denied by Frohschammer,462;accepted by Lamennais,462-3Science, truth essential in,449German, great services to intellectual liberty,469religious, definition of,389Scientific truth, certainty of essentials for understanding,458Sclopis, Count, on character of Machiavelli,226Scotland, Döllinger on Presbyterianism of,337triumph of Reformation in, over the State,43Scott, Hope, consulted by Döllinger,395Sega, Bishop of Piacenza and Nuncio, attitude of, to murder for the glory of God,139Self-government, faculty of, opposed to tradition of antiquity,31in a great democracy, how alone preservable,277;that kind of, which constitutes true republicanism,277modern political liberty the result of,253Self-sacrifice, renovation of society on principles of,58Seneca, his elevated sentiments praised by St. Augustine,25religious knowledge of,406views of,73Sermoneta,131Servetus, Michael,430;his condemnation approved by Melanchthon,167;and by other Reformers,175,184-5;defended by Calvin,181-2;but not politically justified,184-5Seward, W.H., on the rights sought by the revolting Americans,587praise by, of Hamilton's statesmanship,581Shakespeare, study of, Döllinger's motive for,432Sherman, General,579Sicily, the Inquisition in, 1224.,553-4Sickel,422Sidney, Algernon, character of,53slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works,218Sieyès,277;council suggested by,96doctrine of,57Sigismund, King of Poland, Beza's advice to, on Socinianism,146Sigonius, Döllinger's gratitude to,393Simancas, annotations of, on Campeggio's commentary,559-60Simpson,432Sixtine Chapel, Vasari's paintings in, illustrative of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,135Sixtus V., Pope, attitude of, to the murder of the Guises,121-2Döllinger's estimate of,424St. Dominic entitled by, the First Inquisitor,558a strong Pope,138Slavery and democracy,63Slavery, general extinction of, in Europe in Middle Ages,39principle of, implicit opposition of Stoics to,25,26and practice of, rejected by Essenes,26Slavonic races,245stationary national character of,241Smith, Adam, doctrine of,57known in France,219Smith, Goldwin, on the Catholic Church in Ireland,259on history, success only attribute acknowledged by,223Smith, Sir Thomas, on English attitude to the French, after the Huguenot massacres,144¬eSocialism, baneful alliance of, with democracy,92,93,98and slavery,63Societies, Epicurean notion that they are founded on contract for mutual protection,18Society and government, association and correspondence of,265Society of Jesus (see alsoJesuits), Arragonese influence in its constitution,557Socinians, reason of their persecution,169Socinus, partial advocate of toleration,52Socrates,406;on democracy,71death of, crowning act of guilt of Athenian government,12method of, essentially democratic,71records of,409view of, on laws of country as sole guide of conduct,18Solon, decentralisation of power advised by, to remedy social disorders,7doctrine of, that political power should be commensurate with public service,8influence of, on democracy,66,68revision of laws of Athens by,6good results of his forethought in providing for revision of Athenian constitution,7,8Sophists, doctrine of,70their ideas of utilitarianism,17Sorbin, Confessor of Charles IX., and the Orleans massacres,126;his account of the death of Charles IX.,126-7 ¬eon premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,112Soto, on political conscience,216citedon assassination as a political resource,213Spain (see alsoCadiz Constitution), abortive monarchy of (1812),89absolute monarchy in, due to appropriation of tribunal of Inquisition,41designs against, of Charles IX., utilisation in, of the Protestants,105,116effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,124,143and the Inquisition,152Montalembert's journey to,425national character of rejection of French forces and ideas,281Parliamentary system of, origin,34reasons for persecution in,170and representation on Vatican Council,507view in, of the planned character of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,124Spinoza, advocate of passive obedience to the State,48interpreter of Machiavelli,228Spirit of the American Revolution, what it was,587;what it was not,584-5Spondanus, Bishop, on Gregory XIII., reasons for permitting the Navarre marriage,128Stahl, J., 589; injustice of Döllinger to,391Stahr, A.,citedon historical deductions,221Stanley, Dean, considered Vatican Council important to all denominations,493State, the (see alsoChurch and State), authority of, excessive in ancient times, insufficient in Middle Ages,4free constitution of, free action of Church a test of,246limitations of its duties,3and religious liberty,151-3sole authority according to modern theory,151sole care of the Absolutists, eighteenth century,273State Church, its connection with the community,260of Ireland, Goldwin Smith on,259States, boundaries of, as coincident with Nationalities, J.S. Mill on,285classic, taking from citizens more than they gave them.17;vice of,16small, drawbacks of,295States-General, the, and the Inquisition,570Stein,282Stenzel, G.A.H.,citedon political expediency,222Stephen, Leslie,citedon philosophy of history based on truth,223Stewart, Dugald, praise of Machiavelli,224Stoics, their emancipation of mankind from subjugation to despotic rule,24their implied opposition to principle of slavery,25,26their teaching nearest approach to that of Christianity,24,25views of,73Stolberg, classed as Ultramontane,451Story, on Tocqueville's views of the American Constitution,576citedonThe Federalist,581Strappado, the,569Strasburg, Senate of, reluctance of, to act harshly to Catholics,172Stratagemma, Lo, di Carlo IX., and its author,129Strossmayer, Bishop (upon Turkish frontier),548;absence of, from vote on decree (involving acceptance of Infallibility),543demand for reform made by,536opposition of, at Vatican Council,522protest of, to Vatican Council altered before presentation, harmony restored by,542on authority of Vatican Council,541on the dogmatic decree,527,533on ungenerous treatment of Protestants,541Strozza, Philip,113noteStuart, House of, misrule of, only temporarily foiled under Cromwell,50upholders of supremacy of kingship over people,47Suarez, revision of MS. of, in Rome,428Suffrage, limitations of, effects of,96restricted, not always a safeguard of monarchy,2universal, of what school the triumph,590Sunderland,410Sura, Bishop of,519Sweden, bishops of, and political assassinations,217religion in, Döllinger on,341-2working of Protestant theory of persecution in,170Swift, Jonathan,409Swiss, the, true nationality of,294-5Constitution (1874), significant work of modern democracy,91reformers, unlikenesses of, to the Saxons,173Switzerland,seeHistorical Philosophy in France and French BelgiumandCalvinism in, Döllinger on,338-9Cantons of, influence in days preceding French Revolution,50progress and success of democracy in,91and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,120,124-5Sybel, H. von, historical style of,384citedon historical deduction,221Sylla, invested with dangerous powers,77Syllabus, the Archbishop of Paris led by, to urge moderation,526the, designed to restore authority to the Church,492opinions of Pius IX. collected in,496-8opposition controlled by,524Prince Hohenlohe opposed to discussing state maxims of, at Vatican Council,503-4Symmachus,cited,196Synods, Acts of, alleged tampering with, as affecting doctrine of Infallibility,499Tacitus, confession of, respecting mixed constitutions,20Taine, Henri, Döllinger's ambiguous praise of,417influence of, on Döllinger,434Talleyrand de Perigord, Charles Maurice,100signs of sympathy with idea of nationality shown by,282-3citedon Hamilton,581Tapparelli, classed as Ultramontane,451Taxation of American colonists, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to,55exemption of clergy from,34inseparable from representation, origin of this principle in Middle Ages,39Taylor, Sir Henry, on necessity for political subtlety,219Téligny and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,107Tempesti on Catherine de' Medici and the Massacre of St-Bartholomew,148Templars, Döllinger's lecture on,433trial of, Lea's conclusions on,552,563Temporal power of the Papacy,312-13,352-62,367-71,412-16,422-5antagonism to,315-16Döllinger on,301-74Terror, the,seeReign of TerrorTertullian, language of, which might be taken as Arian,592Teutonic races, missionaries the channel of conversion to Christianity,245union political more than religious,244State and the Church, quarrel between, cause of revival of democracy,80tribes, Christianity readily accepted by,199Theiner, A., early views of, superseded,429Life of Clement the Fourteenth, by,411Permission to publish acts of Council of Trent, refused to, by the Pope,431skill of, as editor,421as source of information on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,102views of, on Jesuits not in agreement with Döllinger,411-12Theognis on domination of oligarchies,6Theology in Germany, unique and scientific,317,347-51,376,471-82schools of, at Munich,375, and Tübingen,376Theramenes as statesman,70Thiers, Adolphe, opinion of Machiavelli's works,227Thou, De, and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy,127noteon the Navarre marriage,128reproached for condemning Huguenot massacres,147Thucydides on reformed government at Athens,12Tocqueville,400;indictment brought by, against democracy,93influence of, on Döllinger's politics,414on the inspiration of the American Revolution,584on the need for two chambers in a Senate,575-6citedon the American federal constitution,576on democracy and absolute government,239Toledo, Councils of, framework of Parliamentary system of Spain,34Toleration, advocacy of, by William Penn,84of Anabaptists, varying views of Reformers on,157,164,176anonymous tract on, against Calvin,182Calvinism a danger to,180cause and effect of decline of Protestantism,255early attitude of Reformers towards,153-55,168in the early church,186Edict of, deceitful, of Charles IX.,117Maryland an example of,187as a political principle, reasons for and against,252religious, in Poland,103forced upon Protestantism,187Protestant theory of,151and religious liberty,152traditional, attitude to, of Lea,562views of Beza on,146Tommasini, praise of Machiavelli,226Torquemada,569Tosti, on Papal Liberty,313on Temporal Power,412Toulouse, and the Albigenses,556Count of, and the Council of Arles,565Treitschke,citedon Political Morality,222Trent Commissioners and prohibited works,215Trent, Council of,111,175intolerance of, reformed by Vatican Council,493-4spirit of,138Treviso (province), story of,387Tridentine Reformation,seeTrent, Council ofTronchin, on Voltaire's death,215Tübingen, heresies of,381school of positive theology at,376,377Turgot, attempted reforms of,85citedon political expediency,220views of, on single or double form of Legislature,576Turin, Court of, policy of,445Turks, Charles IX.'s pourparlers with,104Twesten,citedin support of Machiavelli's policy,229Tyrol, movement in, against Napoleonic institutions, a national one,281Ultramontane school, eminent writers of, two peculiarities of,451supersession of,452Ultramontanism,see alsoDöllinger extreme, considered to be keystone of the Church, by Lamennais,462-3United States,seeAmericaUnity, aimed at, by English Catholics,438change of constitution effected by, in Italy and Germany,225of faith in France, enforcement of, aim of the Court,117liberty sacrificed to, by Machiavelli,229in relation to nationality,287,289and religious liberty, incompatibility of, frequent,252necessity for, in Church and State,252religious, in relation to religious freedom,152Universal suffrage, of what school the triumph,590University of Paris and the Inquisition,570Ussher, Archbishop, advocate of passive obedience to kings,47Utilitarianism in classical ages,17Utrecht Psalter, story of,551Vaissète,565Valois, Margaret of,seeNavarre, Queen ofVasari, paintings by, in the Sixtine Chapel, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,135Vatican Council,431,492-550constitution of,501-11convened by Pius IX.,492;approbation of Pius IX.'s action in convening,492-511decree of, dissatisfaction with,531discussion on validity of dicta of,548Infallibility, doctrine of, its victory over opposition,543letter from German bishops to, on doctrinal points,517methods of, reformed to involve admission of Papal Infallibility,539opening of,511opposition at,492-511,525-9preparations for,492-511proceedings of,527-50programme of, discussed inThe Reform of the Church in its Head and Members,494-6representation on:—by Belgium,507by England,506by France,504by Germany,505by Italy,508by Portugal,507by Spain,507Strossmayer prevented by, from protesting,541Vaticinia Pontificum, Lea's knowledge of,560Vauban, Marshal,48Vaudois, the, of Provence, extermination of, by Louis XII.,217Vavasour, Sir Edward, acquaintance of, with Döllinger,388Venice, extinction of, as State,283not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,109;the event celebrated at,125and political murders,213,214withdrawal of, from the League,105,107republic of, nature,49Vergennes,citedon political judgment,227Vergniaud, on the laws in relation to the will of the people,276Verona, centre of historical work,387Vespucci,562Veuillot, Louis, Döllinger on,428and theDroit du Seigneur,566Montalembert,citedon,428Vico,590Vienna, Congress of, dynastic interests predominant at,282-3effects of, on ideas of nationality,283Vienne, Inquisition at, and Servetus,184Villari, admiration of Machiavelli,226Vinet,591Virginia and Maryland,187Visconti family, models for Machiavelli,212Vitae Paparum Avenionensium, utilised by Lea and others,559Vives, toleration taught by,570Voltaire, profane criticism of,218Waldenses, analogy of Arnold of Brescia with,559why they opposed persecution,563Waldus,558Walpole, Horace,citedon political scruples,219Walsingham, English ambassador in France, his reports on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,101,107,115-16condemnation by French Catholics as a whole,143War, art of, no national feeling in, till after 1789.,274of Deliverance, new forces evoked by,282of 1859, troubles of the Papacy after,412-14Wars of religion, end of,274Washington, George,579political example of,586Waterloo,282Webster,584Weingarten on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism,420Wesel, English Calvinists at,170Wesley, John, Döllinger's tribute to,395Westminster, Archbishop of, at Council of Bishops, 1867.,500on Papal Infallibility,528Westphalia, Peace of, and Roman ambition,323,324Whigs, English, and their continental counterparts, attitude of, after Waterloo,282Wilberforce, Archdeacon, Döllinger consulted by,395Samuel, Bishop of Winchester, story of,551Wilkins,421Will or sovereignty, the, of the people (see alsoDemocracy), as criterion of right,271;as above the law,276;idea of, the parent of idea of nationality,277theory of nationality involved in,287William III., King of England, and massacre of Glencoe,218,410Windelband,citedon national government,227Windischmann (elder), Döllinger's esteem for,381public indifference to,430Winkelmann on the Inquisition,426Wirtemberg, left by Möhler, after publication ofSymbolik,377Duke of, and the Huguenot refugees,145Wiseman, Cardinal,424,436Döllinger consulted by, on mediæval authorities,390-91influence of, on the Church of England, and on the Oxford movement,437-8literary standing of,437,438position of, universal and local in Catholicism,437relations of, with English Catholics,437,438view of, on English theology,380work of, at Oscott,438on the "covert insinuations" of theHome and Foreign Review,439-40;the editor's defence of that publication,440et seq.Witt, De, murder of,410Wittelsbach, house of, contests of the Empire in the,275Würzburg, Bishop of, reform urged by,495(city) Döllinger and Platen at,375Wycliffe, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's,271Ximenes, Cardinal, and the Inquisition,570Young Europe, Mazzini's evolution ofYoung Italy,286Young Italyand Mazzini,286Zanchini, an Inquisitor, leading authority of the fourteenth century,559;citedby Lea,560Zeller,citedon Anti-Machiavel policy in Prussia,227Zimmerman, Wilhelm, and Machiavelli's policy,227Zuñiga, Juan and Diego,123denunciation by, of French treachery even to heretics, etc.,144Zürich, the question of toleration in,174,175Zwickau, Saxony, prophets of, Melanchthon's attitude towards,164Zwingli, Ulrich, influence of, on politics,81;influence of environment on him,173,177theory of government, including persecution,173-4republican views of,42Zwinglian schism, influence of, on Luther,155Zwinglians, the, condemned by Melanchthon,167,170note