Chapter II

Chapter IIGenealogy of SuluTranslator’s introductionThe manuscript of which a translation follows is an exact copy of the original, which is in the possession of Hadji Butu Abdul Baqi, the prime minister of the Sultan of Sulu. The genealogy proper begins on page 6 of the manuscript and is written entirely in Malay. This was the rule among all old Moro writers and is a decided indication of the authenticity of the document.Hadji Butu maintains that his ancestry goes back toMantiri1Asip, one of the ministers of Raja Baginda, the Sumatra prince who emigrated to Sulu prior to the establishment of Mohammedanism in the island. The Sulu ministry seems to have remained in Asip’s lineage down to the present time.The first five pages of the original manuscript are the genealogy of Asip’s descendants. This part is written in Sulu and was probably composed at a later period than the Malay part of the book. It is written by Utu Abdur Rakman, the nephew of Imam Halipa, who is the son of Nakib Adak, the last person mentioned in the genealogy. Abdur Rakman is a cousin of Hadji Butu.The addition of these five pages to the Genealogy of Sulu is for the purpose of giving prominence and recognition to the sons of Asip, who have been the right-hand men of the Sultans of Sulu since the organization of the sultanate.Sulu author’s introductionThis is the genealogy of the sultans and their descendants, who lived in the land of Sulu.The writing of this book was finished at 8 o’clock, Friday the 28th of Thul-Qaʿidat,21285 A. H.It belongs to Utu3Abdur Rakman,4the son of Abu Bakr. It was given to him by his uncle Tuan5Imam6Halipa7Abdur Rakman. This is the genealogy of the Sulu sultans and their descendants.Descendants of AsipThis is the genealogy ofMantiri8Asip, the hero and learned man of Menangkabaw.9MantiriAsip had the title ofOrangkaya10at the time he came to Sulu with Raja11Baginda.12He married a woman from Purul13called Sandayli and begotOrangkayaSumandak. Sumandak begotOrangkayaManuk14andOrangkayaHamba.15Manuk begotOrangkayaBuddiman16andOrangkayaAkal17andOrangkayaLayu and Satya18Akum. His daughters were Santan, Satan, Ambang, Duwi, Sitti,19and Tamwan.OrangkayaBuddiman begotOrangkayaSalimin20andDayang21Saliha.22The former begot Hinda Da’ar Maputra and Utu Undik,Dayang23Patima,24DayangBahira,25andDayangSawira.DayangSaliha bore Idda. Akal begotOrangkayaMuhaddi, who begot Hinda Human.OrangkayaLayu begotDayangJawsul26-Manalum, who became famous. Manalum bore Ma’asum, Bulaying and Jamila.27Jamila bore Itang. Ma’asum begot Bayi. Bulayin begot Inda and Duwalang.Jawsul begot Na’ika and Rajiya.28The former begotOrangkayaSila. Rajiya bore Tuan Aminud29Din.30Santan bore Ma’mun.31Ma’mun begotOrangkayasUtung and Amang. Satan bore Palas and Bahatul. Bahatul begot Abdul Hadi.32Ambang boreOrankayasAmin and Bunga.33OrangkayaAmin begot Rajiya and Zakiya.34Zakiya is the mother ofOrangkayaSila. Rajiya is the mother of Tuan Aminud-Din. Bunga begot Aliya and Salima.35Salima bore Hinda Baying Gumantung.Duwi bore Manduli and Immang. Manduli is the mother of Tuan Iman Anda and Na’ima.36Immang bore Mali. Sitti boreOrangkayasUgu, Garu, Abu Bakr, Abu Samma, Manawun, Sayda, and Suda. Allak begot Ila and Malum.37Ila bore Andungayi. Malum is the father of Imming. Tamwan bore Ima. Ima begot Angkala. Angkala begot Inung. Inung begot Hinda Nakib38Adak.Descendants of Tuan Masha’ikaThis is the genealogy of Tuan Masha’ika. It was said by the men of old that he was a prophet who was not descended from Adam. He was born out of a bamboo and was esteemed and respected by all the people. The people were ignorant and simple-minded in those days and were not Mohammedans of the Sunni sect. Some of them worshiped tombs, and some worshiped stones of various kinds.Masha’ika married the daughter of Raja Sipad the Younger, who was a descendant of Sipad the Older. His wife’s name was Idda39Indira40Suga.41She bore three children, Tuan Hakim,42Tuan Pam, and ’Aisha.43Tuan Hakim begot Tuan Da’im,44Tuan Buda, Tuan Bujang, Tuan Muku, and a girl. Da’im begot Saykaba. Saykaba begot Angkan. Angkan begot Kamalud45Din, and Katib46Muʿallam47Apipud48Din, and Pakrud49Din, and many girls.Tuan May begot Datu Tka, who was surnamed Dina, Lama and Timwan. Dina begot Abi50Abdul Wakid51and Maryam.52Original and later settlers of SuluThis chapter treats of the original inhabitants of the Island of Sulu. The first dwellers of the land of Sulu were the people of Maymbung, whose rulers were the two brothers, Datu Sipad and Datu Narwangsa. After them came the people of Tagimaha, who formed another party. After these came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. These were driven here by the tempest (monsoon) and were divided between both parties. Some of the Bajaw were driven by the tempest to Bruney and some toMindanao. After the arrival of the Bajaw, the people of Sulu became four parties.53Some time after that there came Karimul54Makdum.55He crossed the sea in a vase or pot of iron and was called Sarip.56He settled at Bwansa,57the place where the Tagimaha nobles lived. There the people flocked to him from all directions, and he built a house for religious worship.Ten years later Raja Baginda58came from Menangkabaw to Sambuwangan.59From there he moved to Basilan and later to Sulu. When he arrived at Sulu the chiefs of Bwansa tried to sink his boats and drown him in the sea. He therefore resisted and fought them. During the fight he inquired as to the reason why they wanted to sink his boats and drown him. He told them that he had committed no crime against them and that he was not driven there by the tempest, but that he was simply traveling, and came to Sulu to live among them because they were Mohammedans. When they learned that he was a Mohammedan, they respected him and received him hospitably. The chiefs of Sulu who were living at that time were Datu Layla60Ujan, Datu Sana, Datu Amu, Datu Sultan,61Datu Basa, and Datu Ung. Another class of chiefs calledMantiriwere Tuan Jalal,62Tuan Akmat,63Tuan Saylama, Tuan Hakim, Tuan Buda, Tuan Da’im, and Tuan Bujang. The Tagimaha chiefs were Sayk64Ladun, Sayk Sahdu, and Sayk Bajsala. The Baklaya chiefs wereOrangkayaSimtu andOrangkayaIngsa. All the above chiefs were living at the time Raja Baginda came to Sulu.There also came to Sulu from Bwayan,65Sangilaya Bakti and Sangilaya Mansalah. The latter’s wife was Baliya’an Ñyaga.Five years after Raja Baginda’s arrival at Sulu the Raja of Jawa66sent a messenger to Sulu with a present of wild elephants. The messenger’s name was Jaya. He died at Ansang, and two elephants only arrived at Sulu.After that time there came Sayid67Abu Bakr from Palembang68to Bruney and from there to Sulu. When he arrived near the latter place he met some people and asked them: “Where is your town and whereis your place of worship?” They said, “At Bwansa.” He then came to Bwansa and lived with Raja Baginda. The people respected him, and he established a religion for Sulu. They accepted the new religion and declared their faith in it. After that Sayid Abu Bakr married Paramisuli, the daughter of Raja Baginda, and he received the title of Sultan Sharif.69He begot children, and his descendants are living to the present day. He lived about thirty years in Bwansa.After Abu Bakr, his son Kamalud Din succeeded to the sultanate. Alawad70Din did not become sultan. Putri71Sarip lived with her brother Alawad Din. Alawad Din married Tuan Mayin, the daughter of Tuan Layla. After the death of Sultan Kamalud Din,Maharaja72Upu succeeded to the sultanate. After the death of Upu, Pangiran73Buddiman became sultan. He was succeeded by Sultan Tanga. The sultans who followed are, in the order of their succession, Sultan Bungsu,74Sultan Nasirud75Din, Sultan Karamat,76Sultan Shahabud77Din, Sultan Mustafa78called Shapiud79Din, Sultan Mohammed Nasarud80Din, Sultan Alimud81Din I, Sultan Mohammed Muʿizzid82Din, Sultan Isra’il,83Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din II, Sultan Mohammed Sarapud84Din, Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din III.Sulu historical notesIntroductionThese notes were copied by the author from a book in the possession of Hadji Butu, prime minister to the Sultan of Sulu. Pages 1, 2, and 3 form a separate article. They appear to be a supplement to the Genealogy of Sulu, but they were undoubtedly derived from a different source. Their contents are well known to the public and are probably an attempt on the part of Hadji Butu to register what seemed to him a true and interesting tradition of his people.Page 4 was copied by the author from an old, dilapidated document which was torn in many places. It no doubt formed part of an authentic genealogy of Sulu, older and more reliable than that of the manuscripts on pages 148 and 149. It is written in Malay.Page 5 is a copy of a Sulu document issued by Sultan Jamalul-Kiram I in the year 1251 A. H., or about seventy-three years ago. It confers the title of Khatib or Katib85on a Sulupandita86named Adak. In conferring a title of this sort it is customary among the Sulus to give the person so honored a new name, generally an Arabic one, such as Abdur Razzak.87The same custom is observed in the case of accession to the sultanate and other high offices.The writing at the top of the page is the seal of Jamalul Kiram. The date given in the seal is the date of his sultanate. The flourish at the end of the signature below is the mark of the writer.Sulu notesTranslation of page 1 of the original manuscript.—The first person who lived on the Island of Sulu is Jamiyun Kulisa.88His wife was Indira89Suga.90They were sent here by Alexander the Great.91Jamiyun Kulisa begot Tuan Masha’ika.92Masha’ika begot Mawmin.93Mawmin’s descendants multiplied greatly. They are the original inhabitants of Sulu and chief ancestors of the present generation.Translation of page 2 of the original manuscript.—In the days of the Timway94OrangkayaSu’il the Sulus received from Manila four Bisayan captives, one silveragong,95one gold hat, one gold cane, and one silver vase, as a sign of friendship between the two countries. One of the captives had red eyes, one had black eyes; one, blue eyes; and one, white eyes.Translation of page 3 of the original manuscript.—The red-eyed man was stationed at Parang,96and is the forefather of all the people of Parang. The white-eyed man was stationed at Lati,97and is the forefather of all the people of Lati. The black-eyed man was stationed at Gi’tung,98and is the forefather of the people of Gi’tung. The blue-eyed man was stationed at Lu’uk,99and is the forefather of the peopleof Lu’uk. At that time the religion of Mohammed had not come to Sulu.Translation of page 4 of the original manuscript.—The first inhabitants of the Island of Sulu were the people of Maymbung.100They were followed by the Tagimaha101and the Baklaya.102Later came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. Some Bajaws were taken by the Sulus and were distributed among the three divisions of the island, while others drifted to Bruney and Magindanao. Some time after that there came Karimul103Makdum.104He sailed in a pot of iron and the ancients called him Sharif105Awliya.106The Sulus adopted the Mohammedan religion and brought Makdum to Bwansa.107There the Tagimaha chiefs built a mosque. Ten years later there arrived Raja Baginda, who emigrated from Menangkabaw.108Baginda came to Zamboanga first. From there he moved to Basilan and Sulu. The natives met him on the sea for the purpose of fighting him. He asked them, “Why do you wish to fight a Mohammedan who is coming to live with you?” He married there.The commission of Khatib Abdur Razzak.Text in circle: “The Conqueror. By the order of the Omniscient King, The Sultan Mohammed Jamalul Kiram. The year 1239.”Translation of page 5 of the original manuscript.—Dated Wednesday, the tenth of Ramadan, in the year “D,” the first, which corresponds to the year 1251 of the Hegirah of the Prophet Mohammed, may the best of God’s mercy and blessing be his. This day his majesty our master, the Sultan Jamalul109Kiram110has granted Adak an official title by virtue of which he will be known as Khatib111Abdur112Razzak.113This is done in conference and consultation and with the consent of all the people, without dissent.By the will of God the most High.(Signed) The SultanJamaul Kiram.[The End.]1See below, p. 148.2The eleventh month of the Mohammedan year.3Sulu; the head, the chief.4Arabic; the slave of the Merciful.5Malay; sir or mister.6Arabic; leader, caliph, high priest.7A Sulu form of the Arabic “Caliph.”8Malay-Sanskrit; minister of state.9The central high region of Sumatra.10Malay; officer of state. It literally means “rich man.”11Sanskrit; king.12Malay-Sanskrit; emperor or caliph. It is here used as a proper noun.13A place in Lati, Sulu.14Sulu; chicken, fowl.15Sulu-Malay; slave.16Sanskrit; wise.17Arabic; understanding, mind.18Malay-Sanskrit; subordinate officer of state.19Arabic; lady, grandmother.20Arabic; safe and sound.21Malay; lady, woman.22Arabic; righteous.23A title of nobility.24Arabic, Fatimah; the name of the Prophet’s daughter.25Arabic; brilliant.26Arabic; wife or husband.27Arabic; beautiful.28Arabic; hoping.29Arabic; faithful.30Arabic; religion.31Arabic; trusted or trustworthy.32Arabic; guide, leader.33Sulu; fruit.34Arabic; intelligent.35Arabic; feminine of “salim” or safe and sound.36Arabic; sleeping.37Arabic; known.38Arabic; noble, subordinate officer of state.39Sanskrit; Iddha, kindled, lighted, or sunshine.40Sanskrit; Indra, the god of the heavens, or most likely Indirā, name of Lakshmī, the wife of Vishnu.41Sulu; light, sun.42Arabic; wise.43The name of Mohammed’s wife.44Arabic; everlasting, eternal.45Arabic; perfection.46Arabic; scribe.47Arabic; educated, taught.48Arabic; virtuous.49Arabic; pride, glory.50Arabic; father.51Arabic; firm, resolute, an attribute of God.52Arabic; Mary.53The Baklaya party should have been mentioned after the Tagimaha, but it was evidently left out by mistake. Tagimaha is a Sanskrit word which means country.54Arabic; generous, noble.55Arabic; served, master.56Arabic; noble, applied to a descendant of Mohammed.57Sulu, anchorage. The settlement lies 3 miles west of Jolo.58It is used here as a name. As a title it is higher than raja and is equivalent to sultan or emperor.59The Moro word for Zamboanga.60Arabic; night, a common name.61Arabic; power, superior authority, sultan.62Arabic; glory.63A corrupt form of the Arabic Ahmad.64From the Arabic “Sheikh,” meaning chief.65A place in Sumatra (?)66Java.67Arabic; master or noble, addressed to descendants of the prophet Mohammed.68Town and state in southeastern Sumatra.69Arabic; noble. This word is often pronounced by the Moros as “salip” or “sarip.”70Arabic; height.71Sanskrit; princess.72Sanskrit; greater king, emperor.73In Malay it indicates rank or office; in Sulu it is used only as a name.74Malay; young.75Arabic; defender.76Arabic; honor, respect.77Arabic; star, meteor, bright flame.78Arabic; chosen (by God).79Arabic; interceder.80Arabic; victory.81From the Arabic ʿazeem or great; not from ʿAlim, meaning learned.82Arabic; exalter or defender.83Arabic; Israel.84Arabic; honor.85Arabic; orator; thepanditawho reads the oration, a part of the religions services held on Friday.86See Ethnological Survey Publications, Vol. IV, pt. 1, p. 64.87The servant of the giver.88Jamiyun is Sanskrit and means brother or sister’s son; Kulisa is Indra’s thunderbolt.89One of the names of the wife of Vishnu.90Sulu; the sun.91The Sulus believed that Alexander the Great came to Sulu and that their ancient rulers were descended from him.92Sanskrit; the plant. Jamiyun Kulisa, Indira Suga, and Masha’ika are the names of the ancient gods of Sulu. Prior to Islam the Sulus worshiped the Vedic gods and evidently believed them to be the forefathers or creators of men. The Sulu author was ignorant of this fact and used the names of the gods as names of real men.93Arabic; faithful.94Chief.95A gong used for signals and in worship.96Western district of the Island of Sulu.97The northern and central district of the Island of Sulu.98The southern and central part of the Island of Sulu.99The eastern part of the Island of Sulu.100The town where the present Sultan of Sulu resides.101The inhabitants of the region west of the town of Jolo.102The inhabitants of the northern coast, east of Jolo.103Arabic; generous.104Arabic; master or served.105Arabic; noble; a title applied to a descendant of Mohammed.106Arabic; plural of walī, a man of God.107Sulu; anchorage; the ancient capital of Sulu.108A district in Sumatra.109Arabic; beauty.110Arabic; plural ofkarim, meaning generous.111Arabic; orator; a high religious title, allied to Imam.112Arabic; slave or servant.113Arabic; the Giver, referring to God.

Translator’s introductionThe manuscript of which a translation follows is an exact copy of the original, which is in the possession of Hadji Butu Abdul Baqi, the prime minister of the Sultan of Sulu. The genealogy proper begins on page 6 of the manuscript and is written entirely in Malay. This was the rule among all old Moro writers and is a decided indication of the authenticity of the document.Hadji Butu maintains that his ancestry goes back toMantiri1Asip, one of the ministers of Raja Baginda, the Sumatra prince who emigrated to Sulu prior to the establishment of Mohammedanism in the island. The Sulu ministry seems to have remained in Asip’s lineage down to the present time.The first five pages of the original manuscript are the genealogy of Asip’s descendants. This part is written in Sulu and was probably composed at a later period than the Malay part of the book. It is written by Utu Abdur Rakman, the nephew of Imam Halipa, who is the son of Nakib Adak, the last person mentioned in the genealogy. Abdur Rakman is a cousin of Hadji Butu.The addition of these five pages to the Genealogy of Sulu is for the purpose of giving prominence and recognition to the sons of Asip, who have been the right-hand men of the Sultans of Sulu since the organization of the sultanate.

Translator’s introduction

The manuscript of which a translation follows is an exact copy of the original, which is in the possession of Hadji Butu Abdul Baqi, the prime minister of the Sultan of Sulu. The genealogy proper begins on page 6 of the manuscript and is written entirely in Malay. This was the rule among all old Moro writers and is a decided indication of the authenticity of the document.Hadji Butu maintains that his ancestry goes back toMantiri1Asip, one of the ministers of Raja Baginda, the Sumatra prince who emigrated to Sulu prior to the establishment of Mohammedanism in the island. The Sulu ministry seems to have remained in Asip’s lineage down to the present time.The first five pages of the original manuscript are the genealogy of Asip’s descendants. This part is written in Sulu and was probably composed at a later period than the Malay part of the book. It is written by Utu Abdur Rakman, the nephew of Imam Halipa, who is the son of Nakib Adak, the last person mentioned in the genealogy. Abdur Rakman is a cousin of Hadji Butu.The addition of these five pages to the Genealogy of Sulu is for the purpose of giving prominence and recognition to the sons of Asip, who have been the right-hand men of the Sultans of Sulu since the organization of the sultanate.

Hadji Butu maintains that his ancestry goes back toMantiri1Asip, one of the ministers of Raja Baginda, the Sumatra prince who emigrated to Sulu prior to the establishment of Mohammedanism in the island. The Sulu ministry seems to have remained in Asip’s lineage down to the present time.

The first five pages of the original manuscript are the genealogy of Asip’s descendants. This part is written in Sulu and was probably composed at a later period than the Malay part of the book. It is written by Utu Abdur Rakman, the nephew of Imam Halipa, who is the son of Nakib Adak, the last person mentioned in the genealogy. Abdur Rakman is a cousin of Hadji Butu.

The addition of these five pages to the Genealogy of Sulu is for the purpose of giving prominence and recognition to the sons of Asip, who have been the right-hand men of the Sultans of Sulu since the organization of the sultanate.

Sulu author’s introductionThis is the genealogy of the sultans and their descendants, who lived in the land of Sulu.The writing of this book was finished at 8 o’clock, Friday the 28th of Thul-Qaʿidat,21285 A. H.It belongs to Utu3Abdur Rakman,4the son of Abu Bakr. It was given to him by his uncle Tuan5Imam6Halipa7Abdur Rakman. This is the genealogy of the Sulu sultans and their descendants.

Sulu author’s introduction

This is the genealogy of the sultans and their descendants, who lived in the land of Sulu.The writing of this book was finished at 8 o’clock, Friday the 28th of Thul-Qaʿidat,21285 A. H.It belongs to Utu3Abdur Rakman,4the son of Abu Bakr. It was given to him by his uncle Tuan5Imam6Halipa7Abdur Rakman. This is the genealogy of the Sulu sultans and their descendants.

This is the genealogy of the sultans and their descendants, who lived in the land of Sulu.

The writing of this book was finished at 8 o’clock, Friday the 28th of Thul-Qaʿidat,21285 A. H.

It belongs to Utu3Abdur Rakman,4the son of Abu Bakr. It was given to him by his uncle Tuan5Imam6Halipa7Abdur Rakman. This is the genealogy of the Sulu sultans and their descendants.

Descendants of AsipThis is the genealogy ofMantiri8Asip, the hero and learned man of Menangkabaw.9MantiriAsip had the title ofOrangkaya10at the time he came to Sulu with Raja11Baginda.12He married a woman from Purul13called Sandayli and begotOrangkayaSumandak. Sumandak begotOrangkayaManuk14andOrangkayaHamba.15Manuk begotOrangkayaBuddiman16andOrangkayaAkal17andOrangkayaLayu and Satya18Akum. His daughters were Santan, Satan, Ambang, Duwi, Sitti,19and Tamwan.OrangkayaBuddiman begotOrangkayaSalimin20andDayang21Saliha.22The former begot Hinda Da’ar Maputra and Utu Undik,Dayang23Patima,24DayangBahira,25andDayangSawira.DayangSaliha bore Idda. Akal begotOrangkayaMuhaddi, who begot Hinda Human.OrangkayaLayu begotDayangJawsul26-Manalum, who became famous. Manalum bore Ma’asum, Bulaying and Jamila.27Jamila bore Itang. Ma’asum begot Bayi. Bulayin begot Inda and Duwalang.Jawsul begot Na’ika and Rajiya.28The former begotOrangkayaSila. Rajiya bore Tuan Aminud29Din.30Santan bore Ma’mun.31Ma’mun begotOrangkayasUtung and Amang. Satan bore Palas and Bahatul. Bahatul begot Abdul Hadi.32Ambang boreOrankayasAmin and Bunga.33OrangkayaAmin begot Rajiya and Zakiya.34Zakiya is the mother ofOrangkayaSila. Rajiya is the mother of Tuan Aminud-Din. Bunga begot Aliya and Salima.35Salima bore Hinda Baying Gumantung.Duwi bore Manduli and Immang. Manduli is the mother of Tuan Iman Anda and Na’ima.36Immang bore Mali. Sitti boreOrangkayasUgu, Garu, Abu Bakr, Abu Samma, Manawun, Sayda, and Suda. Allak begot Ila and Malum.37Ila bore Andungayi. Malum is the father of Imming. Tamwan bore Ima. Ima begot Angkala. Angkala begot Inung. Inung begot Hinda Nakib38Adak.

Descendants of Asip

This is the genealogy ofMantiri8Asip, the hero and learned man of Menangkabaw.9MantiriAsip had the title ofOrangkaya10at the time he came to Sulu with Raja11Baginda.12He married a woman from Purul13called Sandayli and begotOrangkayaSumandak. Sumandak begotOrangkayaManuk14andOrangkayaHamba.15Manuk begotOrangkayaBuddiman16andOrangkayaAkal17andOrangkayaLayu and Satya18Akum. His daughters were Santan, Satan, Ambang, Duwi, Sitti,19and Tamwan.OrangkayaBuddiman begotOrangkayaSalimin20andDayang21Saliha.22The former begot Hinda Da’ar Maputra and Utu Undik,Dayang23Patima,24DayangBahira,25andDayangSawira.DayangSaliha bore Idda. Akal begotOrangkayaMuhaddi, who begot Hinda Human.OrangkayaLayu begotDayangJawsul26-Manalum, who became famous. Manalum bore Ma’asum, Bulaying and Jamila.27Jamila bore Itang. Ma’asum begot Bayi. Bulayin begot Inda and Duwalang.Jawsul begot Na’ika and Rajiya.28The former begotOrangkayaSila. Rajiya bore Tuan Aminud29Din.30Santan bore Ma’mun.31Ma’mun begotOrangkayasUtung and Amang. Satan bore Palas and Bahatul. Bahatul begot Abdul Hadi.32Ambang boreOrankayasAmin and Bunga.33OrangkayaAmin begot Rajiya and Zakiya.34Zakiya is the mother ofOrangkayaSila. Rajiya is the mother of Tuan Aminud-Din. Bunga begot Aliya and Salima.35Salima bore Hinda Baying Gumantung.Duwi bore Manduli and Immang. Manduli is the mother of Tuan Iman Anda and Na’ima.36Immang bore Mali. Sitti boreOrangkayasUgu, Garu, Abu Bakr, Abu Samma, Manawun, Sayda, and Suda. Allak begot Ila and Malum.37Ila bore Andungayi. Malum is the father of Imming. Tamwan bore Ima. Ima begot Angkala. Angkala begot Inung. Inung begot Hinda Nakib38Adak.

Jawsul begot Na’ika and Rajiya.28The former begotOrangkayaSila. Rajiya bore Tuan Aminud29Din.30Santan bore Ma’mun.31Ma’mun begotOrangkayasUtung and Amang. Satan bore Palas and Bahatul. Bahatul begot Abdul Hadi.32Ambang boreOrankayasAmin and Bunga.33OrangkayaAmin begot Rajiya and Zakiya.34Zakiya is the mother ofOrangkayaSila. Rajiya is the mother of Tuan Aminud-Din. Bunga begot Aliya and Salima.35Salima bore Hinda Baying Gumantung.

Duwi bore Manduli and Immang. Manduli is the mother of Tuan Iman Anda and Na’ima.36Immang bore Mali. Sitti boreOrangkayasUgu, Garu, Abu Bakr, Abu Samma, Manawun, Sayda, and Suda. Allak begot Ila and Malum.37Ila bore Andungayi. Malum is the father of Imming. Tamwan bore Ima. Ima begot Angkala. Angkala begot Inung. Inung begot Hinda Nakib38Adak.

Descendants of Tuan Masha’ikaThis is the genealogy of Tuan Masha’ika. It was said by the men of old that he was a prophet who was not descended from Adam. He was born out of a bamboo and was esteemed and respected by all the people. The people were ignorant and simple-minded in those days and were not Mohammedans of the Sunni sect. Some of them worshiped tombs, and some worshiped stones of various kinds.Masha’ika married the daughter of Raja Sipad the Younger, who was a descendant of Sipad the Older. His wife’s name was Idda39Indira40Suga.41She bore three children, Tuan Hakim,42Tuan Pam, and ’Aisha.43Tuan Hakim begot Tuan Da’im,44Tuan Buda, Tuan Bujang, Tuan Muku, and a girl. Da’im begot Saykaba. Saykaba begot Angkan. Angkan begot Kamalud45Din, and Katib46Muʿallam47Apipud48Din, and Pakrud49Din, and many girls.Tuan May begot Datu Tka, who was surnamed Dina, Lama and Timwan. Dina begot Abi50Abdul Wakid51and Maryam.52

Descendants of Tuan Masha’ika

This is the genealogy of Tuan Masha’ika. It was said by the men of old that he was a prophet who was not descended from Adam. He was born out of a bamboo and was esteemed and respected by all the people. The people were ignorant and simple-minded in those days and were not Mohammedans of the Sunni sect. Some of them worshiped tombs, and some worshiped stones of various kinds.Masha’ika married the daughter of Raja Sipad the Younger, who was a descendant of Sipad the Older. His wife’s name was Idda39Indira40Suga.41She bore three children, Tuan Hakim,42Tuan Pam, and ’Aisha.43Tuan Hakim begot Tuan Da’im,44Tuan Buda, Tuan Bujang, Tuan Muku, and a girl. Da’im begot Saykaba. Saykaba begot Angkan. Angkan begot Kamalud45Din, and Katib46Muʿallam47Apipud48Din, and Pakrud49Din, and many girls.Tuan May begot Datu Tka, who was surnamed Dina, Lama and Timwan. Dina begot Abi50Abdul Wakid51and Maryam.52

Masha’ika married the daughter of Raja Sipad the Younger, who was a descendant of Sipad the Older. His wife’s name was Idda39Indira40Suga.41She bore three children, Tuan Hakim,42Tuan Pam, and ’Aisha.43Tuan Hakim begot Tuan Da’im,44Tuan Buda, Tuan Bujang, Tuan Muku, and a girl. Da’im begot Saykaba. Saykaba begot Angkan. Angkan begot Kamalud45Din, and Katib46Muʿallam47Apipud48Din, and Pakrud49Din, and many girls.

Tuan May begot Datu Tka, who was surnamed Dina, Lama and Timwan. Dina begot Abi50Abdul Wakid51and Maryam.52

Original and later settlers of SuluThis chapter treats of the original inhabitants of the Island of Sulu. The first dwellers of the land of Sulu were the people of Maymbung, whose rulers were the two brothers, Datu Sipad and Datu Narwangsa. After them came the people of Tagimaha, who formed another party. After these came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. These were driven here by the tempest (monsoon) and were divided between both parties. Some of the Bajaw were driven by the tempest to Bruney and some toMindanao. After the arrival of the Bajaw, the people of Sulu became four parties.53Some time after that there came Karimul54Makdum.55He crossed the sea in a vase or pot of iron and was called Sarip.56He settled at Bwansa,57the place where the Tagimaha nobles lived. There the people flocked to him from all directions, and he built a house for religious worship.Ten years later Raja Baginda58came from Menangkabaw to Sambuwangan.59From there he moved to Basilan and later to Sulu. When he arrived at Sulu the chiefs of Bwansa tried to sink his boats and drown him in the sea. He therefore resisted and fought them. During the fight he inquired as to the reason why they wanted to sink his boats and drown him. He told them that he had committed no crime against them and that he was not driven there by the tempest, but that he was simply traveling, and came to Sulu to live among them because they were Mohammedans. When they learned that he was a Mohammedan, they respected him and received him hospitably. The chiefs of Sulu who were living at that time were Datu Layla60Ujan, Datu Sana, Datu Amu, Datu Sultan,61Datu Basa, and Datu Ung. Another class of chiefs calledMantiriwere Tuan Jalal,62Tuan Akmat,63Tuan Saylama, Tuan Hakim, Tuan Buda, Tuan Da’im, and Tuan Bujang. The Tagimaha chiefs were Sayk64Ladun, Sayk Sahdu, and Sayk Bajsala. The Baklaya chiefs wereOrangkayaSimtu andOrangkayaIngsa. All the above chiefs were living at the time Raja Baginda came to Sulu.There also came to Sulu from Bwayan,65Sangilaya Bakti and Sangilaya Mansalah. The latter’s wife was Baliya’an Ñyaga.Five years after Raja Baginda’s arrival at Sulu the Raja of Jawa66sent a messenger to Sulu with a present of wild elephants. The messenger’s name was Jaya. He died at Ansang, and two elephants only arrived at Sulu.After that time there came Sayid67Abu Bakr from Palembang68to Bruney and from there to Sulu. When he arrived near the latter place he met some people and asked them: “Where is your town and whereis your place of worship?” They said, “At Bwansa.” He then came to Bwansa and lived with Raja Baginda. The people respected him, and he established a religion for Sulu. They accepted the new religion and declared their faith in it. After that Sayid Abu Bakr married Paramisuli, the daughter of Raja Baginda, and he received the title of Sultan Sharif.69He begot children, and his descendants are living to the present day. He lived about thirty years in Bwansa.After Abu Bakr, his son Kamalud Din succeeded to the sultanate. Alawad70Din did not become sultan. Putri71Sarip lived with her brother Alawad Din. Alawad Din married Tuan Mayin, the daughter of Tuan Layla. After the death of Sultan Kamalud Din,Maharaja72Upu succeeded to the sultanate. After the death of Upu, Pangiran73Buddiman became sultan. He was succeeded by Sultan Tanga. The sultans who followed are, in the order of their succession, Sultan Bungsu,74Sultan Nasirud75Din, Sultan Karamat,76Sultan Shahabud77Din, Sultan Mustafa78called Shapiud79Din, Sultan Mohammed Nasarud80Din, Sultan Alimud81Din I, Sultan Mohammed Muʿizzid82Din, Sultan Isra’il,83Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din II, Sultan Mohammed Sarapud84Din, Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din III.

Original and later settlers of Sulu

This chapter treats of the original inhabitants of the Island of Sulu. The first dwellers of the land of Sulu were the people of Maymbung, whose rulers were the two brothers, Datu Sipad and Datu Narwangsa. After them came the people of Tagimaha, who formed another party. After these came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. These were driven here by the tempest (monsoon) and were divided between both parties. Some of the Bajaw were driven by the tempest to Bruney and some toMindanao. After the arrival of the Bajaw, the people of Sulu became four parties.53Some time after that there came Karimul54Makdum.55He crossed the sea in a vase or pot of iron and was called Sarip.56He settled at Bwansa,57the place where the Tagimaha nobles lived. There the people flocked to him from all directions, and he built a house for religious worship.Ten years later Raja Baginda58came from Menangkabaw to Sambuwangan.59From there he moved to Basilan and later to Sulu. When he arrived at Sulu the chiefs of Bwansa tried to sink his boats and drown him in the sea. He therefore resisted and fought them. During the fight he inquired as to the reason why they wanted to sink his boats and drown him. He told them that he had committed no crime against them and that he was not driven there by the tempest, but that he was simply traveling, and came to Sulu to live among them because they were Mohammedans. When they learned that he was a Mohammedan, they respected him and received him hospitably. The chiefs of Sulu who were living at that time were Datu Layla60Ujan, Datu Sana, Datu Amu, Datu Sultan,61Datu Basa, and Datu Ung. Another class of chiefs calledMantiriwere Tuan Jalal,62Tuan Akmat,63Tuan Saylama, Tuan Hakim, Tuan Buda, Tuan Da’im, and Tuan Bujang. The Tagimaha chiefs were Sayk64Ladun, Sayk Sahdu, and Sayk Bajsala. The Baklaya chiefs wereOrangkayaSimtu andOrangkayaIngsa. All the above chiefs were living at the time Raja Baginda came to Sulu.There also came to Sulu from Bwayan,65Sangilaya Bakti and Sangilaya Mansalah. The latter’s wife was Baliya’an Ñyaga.Five years after Raja Baginda’s arrival at Sulu the Raja of Jawa66sent a messenger to Sulu with a present of wild elephants. The messenger’s name was Jaya. He died at Ansang, and two elephants only arrived at Sulu.After that time there came Sayid67Abu Bakr from Palembang68to Bruney and from there to Sulu. When he arrived near the latter place he met some people and asked them: “Where is your town and whereis your place of worship?” They said, “At Bwansa.” He then came to Bwansa and lived with Raja Baginda. The people respected him, and he established a religion for Sulu. They accepted the new religion and declared their faith in it. After that Sayid Abu Bakr married Paramisuli, the daughter of Raja Baginda, and he received the title of Sultan Sharif.69He begot children, and his descendants are living to the present day. He lived about thirty years in Bwansa.After Abu Bakr, his son Kamalud Din succeeded to the sultanate. Alawad70Din did not become sultan. Putri71Sarip lived with her brother Alawad Din. Alawad Din married Tuan Mayin, the daughter of Tuan Layla. After the death of Sultan Kamalud Din,Maharaja72Upu succeeded to the sultanate. After the death of Upu, Pangiran73Buddiman became sultan. He was succeeded by Sultan Tanga. The sultans who followed are, in the order of their succession, Sultan Bungsu,74Sultan Nasirud75Din, Sultan Karamat,76Sultan Shahabud77Din, Sultan Mustafa78called Shapiud79Din, Sultan Mohammed Nasarud80Din, Sultan Alimud81Din I, Sultan Mohammed Muʿizzid82Din, Sultan Isra’il,83Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din II, Sultan Mohammed Sarapud84Din, Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din III.

Ten years later Raja Baginda58came from Menangkabaw to Sambuwangan.59From there he moved to Basilan and later to Sulu. When he arrived at Sulu the chiefs of Bwansa tried to sink his boats and drown him in the sea. He therefore resisted and fought them. During the fight he inquired as to the reason why they wanted to sink his boats and drown him. He told them that he had committed no crime against them and that he was not driven there by the tempest, but that he was simply traveling, and came to Sulu to live among them because they were Mohammedans. When they learned that he was a Mohammedan, they respected him and received him hospitably. The chiefs of Sulu who were living at that time were Datu Layla60Ujan, Datu Sana, Datu Amu, Datu Sultan,61Datu Basa, and Datu Ung. Another class of chiefs calledMantiriwere Tuan Jalal,62Tuan Akmat,63Tuan Saylama, Tuan Hakim, Tuan Buda, Tuan Da’im, and Tuan Bujang. The Tagimaha chiefs were Sayk64Ladun, Sayk Sahdu, and Sayk Bajsala. The Baklaya chiefs wereOrangkayaSimtu andOrangkayaIngsa. All the above chiefs were living at the time Raja Baginda came to Sulu.

There also came to Sulu from Bwayan,65Sangilaya Bakti and Sangilaya Mansalah. The latter’s wife was Baliya’an Ñyaga.

Five years after Raja Baginda’s arrival at Sulu the Raja of Jawa66sent a messenger to Sulu with a present of wild elephants. The messenger’s name was Jaya. He died at Ansang, and two elephants only arrived at Sulu.

After that time there came Sayid67Abu Bakr from Palembang68to Bruney and from there to Sulu. When he arrived near the latter place he met some people and asked them: “Where is your town and whereis your place of worship?” They said, “At Bwansa.” He then came to Bwansa and lived with Raja Baginda. The people respected him, and he established a religion for Sulu. They accepted the new religion and declared their faith in it. After that Sayid Abu Bakr married Paramisuli, the daughter of Raja Baginda, and he received the title of Sultan Sharif.69He begot children, and his descendants are living to the present day. He lived about thirty years in Bwansa.

After Abu Bakr, his son Kamalud Din succeeded to the sultanate. Alawad70Din did not become sultan. Putri71Sarip lived with her brother Alawad Din. Alawad Din married Tuan Mayin, the daughter of Tuan Layla. After the death of Sultan Kamalud Din,Maharaja72Upu succeeded to the sultanate. After the death of Upu, Pangiran73Buddiman became sultan. He was succeeded by Sultan Tanga. The sultans who followed are, in the order of their succession, Sultan Bungsu,74Sultan Nasirud75Din, Sultan Karamat,76Sultan Shahabud77Din, Sultan Mustafa78called Shapiud79Din, Sultan Mohammed Nasarud80Din, Sultan Alimud81Din I, Sultan Mohammed Muʿizzid82Din, Sultan Isra’il,83Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din II, Sultan Mohammed Sarapud84Din, Sultan Mohammed Alimud Din III.

Sulu historical notesIntroductionThese notes were copied by the author from a book in the possession of Hadji Butu, prime minister to the Sultan of Sulu. Pages 1, 2, and 3 form a separate article. They appear to be a supplement to the Genealogy of Sulu, but they were undoubtedly derived from a different source. Their contents are well known to the public and are probably an attempt on the part of Hadji Butu to register what seemed to him a true and interesting tradition of his people.Page 4 was copied by the author from an old, dilapidated document which was torn in many places. It no doubt formed part of an authentic genealogy of Sulu, older and more reliable than that of the manuscripts on pages 148 and 149. It is written in Malay.Page 5 is a copy of a Sulu document issued by Sultan Jamalul-Kiram I in the year 1251 A. H., or about seventy-three years ago. It confers the title of Khatib or Katib85on a Sulupandita86named Adak. In conferring a title of this sort it is customary among the Sulus to give the person so honored a new name, generally an Arabic one, such as Abdur Razzak.87The same custom is observed in the case of accession to the sultanate and other high offices.The writing at the top of the page is the seal of Jamalul Kiram. The date given in the seal is the date of his sultanate. The flourish at the end of the signature below is the mark of the writer.Sulu notesTranslation of page 1 of the original manuscript.—The first person who lived on the Island of Sulu is Jamiyun Kulisa.88His wife was Indira89Suga.90They were sent here by Alexander the Great.91Jamiyun Kulisa begot Tuan Masha’ika.92Masha’ika begot Mawmin.93Mawmin’s descendants multiplied greatly. They are the original inhabitants of Sulu and chief ancestors of the present generation.Translation of page 2 of the original manuscript.—In the days of the Timway94OrangkayaSu’il the Sulus received from Manila four Bisayan captives, one silveragong,95one gold hat, one gold cane, and one silver vase, as a sign of friendship between the two countries. One of the captives had red eyes, one had black eyes; one, blue eyes; and one, white eyes.Translation of page 3 of the original manuscript.—The red-eyed man was stationed at Parang,96and is the forefather of all the people of Parang. The white-eyed man was stationed at Lati,97and is the forefather of all the people of Lati. The black-eyed man was stationed at Gi’tung,98and is the forefather of the people of Gi’tung. The blue-eyed man was stationed at Lu’uk,99and is the forefather of the peopleof Lu’uk. At that time the religion of Mohammed had not come to Sulu.Translation of page 4 of the original manuscript.—The first inhabitants of the Island of Sulu were the people of Maymbung.100They were followed by the Tagimaha101and the Baklaya.102Later came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. Some Bajaws were taken by the Sulus and were distributed among the three divisions of the island, while others drifted to Bruney and Magindanao. Some time after that there came Karimul103Makdum.104He sailed in a pot of iron and the ancients called him Sharif105Awliya.106The Sulus adopted the Mohammedan religion and brought Makdum to Bwansa.107There the Tagimaha chiefs built a mosque. Ten years later there arrived Raja Baginda, who emigrated from Menangkabaw.108Baginda came to Zamboanga first. From there he moved to Basilan and Sulu. The natives met him on the sea for the purpose of fighting him. He asked them, “Why do you wish to fight a Mohammedan who is coming to live with you?” He married there.The commission of Khatib Abdur Razzak.Text in circle: “The Conqueror. By the order of the Omniscient King, The Sultan Mohammed Jamalul Kiram. The year 1239.”Translation of page 5 of the original manuscript.—Dated Wednesday, the tenth of Ramadan, in the year “D,” the first, which corresponds to the year 1251 of the Hegirah of the Prophet Mohammed, may the best of God’s mercy and blessing be his. This day his majesty our master, the Sultan Jamalul109Kiram110has granted Adak an official title by virtue of which he will be known as Khatib111Abdur112Razzak.113This is done in conference and consultation and with the consent of all the people, without dissent.By the will of God the most High.(Signed) The SultanJamaul Kiram.[The End.]

IntroductionThese notes were copied by the author from a book in the possession of Hadji Butu, prime minister to the Sultan of Sulu. Pages 1, 2, and 3 form a separate article. They appear to be a supplement to the Genealogy of Sulu, but they were undoubtedly derived from a different source. Their contents are well known to the public and are probably an attempt on the part of Hadji Butu to register what seemed to him a true and interesting tradition of his people.Page 4 was copied by the author from an old, dilapidated document which was torn in many places. It no doubt formed part of an authentic genealogy of Sulu, older and more reliable than that of the manuscripts on pages 148 and 149. It is written in Malay.Page 5 is a copy of a Sulu document issued by Sultan Jamalul-Kiram I in the year 1251 A. H., or about seventy-three years ago. It confers the title of Khatib or Katib85on a Sulupandita86named Adak. In conferring a title of this sort it is customary among the Sulus to give the person so honored a new name, generally an Arabic one, such as Abdur Razzak.87The same custom is observed in the case of accession to the sultanate and other high offices.The writing at the top of the page is the seal of Jamalul Kiram. The date given in the seal is the date of his sultanate. The flourish at the end of the signature below is the mark of the writer.

Introduction

These notes were copied by the author from a book in the possession of Hadji Butu, prime minister to the Sultan of Sulu. Pages 1, 2, and 3 form a separate article. They appear to be a supplement to the Genealogy of Sulu, but they were undoubtedly derived from a different source. Their contents are well known to the public and are probably an attempt on the part of Hadji Butu to register what seemed to him a true and interesting tradition of his people.Page 4 was copied by the author from an old, dilapidated document which was torn in many places. It no doubt formed part of an authentic genealogy of Sulu, older and more reliable than that of the manuscripts on pages 148 and 149. It is written in Malay.Page 5 is a copy of a Sulu document issued by Sultan Jamalul-Kiram I in the year 1251 A. H., or about seventy-three years ago. It confers the title of Khatib or Katib85on a Sulupandita86named Adak. In conferring a title of this sort it is customary among the Sulus to give the person so honored a new name, generally an Arabic one, such as Abdur Razzak.87The same custom is observed in the case of accession to the sultanate and other high offices.The writing at the top of the page is the seal of Jamalul Kiram. The date given in the seal is the date of his sultanate. The flourish at the end of the signature below is the mark of the writer.

Page 4 was copied by the author from an old, dilapidated document which was torn in many places. It no doubt formed part of an authentic genealogy of Sulu, older and more reliable than that of the manuscripts on pages 148 and 149. It is written in Malay.

Page 5 is a copy of a Sulu document issued by Sultan Jamalul-Kiram I in the year 1251 A. H., or about seventy-three years ago. It confers the title of Khatib or Katib85on a Sulupandita86named Adak. In conferring a title of this sort it is customary among the Sulus to give the person so honored a new name, generally an Arabic one, such as Abdur Razzak.87The same custom is observed in the case of accession to the sultanate and other high offices.

The writing at the top of the page is the seal of Jamalul Kiram. The date given in the seal is the date of his sultanate. The flourish at the end of the signature below is the mark of the writer.

Sulu notesTranslation of page 1 of the original manuscript.—The first person who lived on the Island of Sulu is Jamiyun Kulisa.88His wife was Indira89Suga.90They were sent here by Alexander the Great.91Jamiyun Kulisa begot Tuan Masha’ika.92Masha’ika begot Mawmin.93Mawmin’s descendants multiplied greatly. They are the original inhabitants of Sulu and chief ancestors of the present generation.Translation of page 2 of the original manuscript.—In the days of the Timway94OrangkayaSu’il the Sulus received from Manila four Bisayan captives, one silveragong,95one gold hat, one gold cane, and one silver vase, as a sign of friendship between the two countries. One of the captives had red eyes, one had black eyes; one, blue eyes; and one, white eyes.Translation of page 3 of the original manuscript.—The red-eyed man was stationed at Parang,96and is the forefather of all the people of Parang. The white-eyed man was stationed at Lati,97and is the forefather of all the people of Lati. The black-eyed man was stationed at Gi’tung,98and is the forefather of the people of Gi’tung. The blue-eyed man was stationed at Lu’uk,99and is the forefather of the peopleof Lu’uk. At that time the religion of Mohammed had not come to Sulu.Translation of page 4 of the original manuscript.—The first inhabitants of the Island of Sulu were the people of Maymbung.100They were followed by the Tagimaha101and the Baklaya.102Later came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. Some Bajaws were taken by the Sulus and were distributed among the three divisions of the island, while others drifted to Bruney and Magindanao. Some time after that there came Karimul103Makdum.104He sailed in a pot of iron and the ancients called him Sharif105Awliya.106The Sulus adopted the Mohammedan religion and brought Makdum to Bwansa.107There the Tagimaha chiefs built a mosque. Ten years later there arrived Raja Baginda, who emigrated from Menangkabaw.108Baginda came to Zamboanga first. From there he moved to Basilan and Sulu. The natives met him on the sea for the purpose of fighting him. He asked them, “Why do you wish to fight a Mohammedan who is coming to live with you?” He married there.The commission of Khatib Abdur Razzak.Text in circle: “The Conqueror. By the order of the Omniscient King, The Sultan Mohammed Jamalul Kiram. The year 1239.”Translation of page 5 of the original manuscript.—Dated Wednesday, the tenth of Ramadan, in the year “D,” the first, which corresponds to the year 1251 of the Hegirah of the Prophet Mohammed, may the best of God’s mercy and blessing be his. This day his majesty our master, the Sultan Jamalul109Kiram110has granted Adak an official title by virtue of which he will be known as Khatib111Abdur112Razzak.113This is done in conference and consultation and with the consent of all the people, without dissent.By the will of God the most High.(Signed) The SultanJamaul Kiram.[The End.]

Sulu notes

Translation of page 1 of the original manuscript.—The first person who lived on the Island of Sulu is Jamiyun Kulisa.88His wife was Indira89Suga.90They were sent here by Alexander the Great.91Jamiyun Kulisa begot Tuan Masha’ika.92Masha’ika begot Mawmin.93Mawmin’s descendants multiplied greatly. They are the original inhabitants of Sulu and chief ancestors of the present generation.Translation of page 2 of the original manuscript.—In the days of the Timway94OrangkayaSu’il the Sulus received from Manila four Bisayan captives, one silveragong,95one gold hat, one gold cane, and one silver vase, as a sign of friendship between the two countries. One of the captives had red eyes, one had black eyes; one, blue eyes; and one, white eyes.Translation of page 3 of the original manuscript.—The red-eyed man was stationed at Parang,96and is the forefather of all the people of Parang. The white-eyed man was stationed at Lati,97and is the forefather of all the people of Lati. The black-eyed man was stationed at Gi’tung,98and is the forefather of the people of Gi’tung. The blue-eyed man was stationed at Lu’uk,99and is the forefather of the peopleof Lu’uk. At that time the religion of Mohammed had not come to Sulu.Translation of page 4 of the original manuscript.—The first inhabitants of the Island of Sulu were the people of Maymbung.100They were followed by the Tagimaha101and the Baklaya.102Later came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. Some Bajaws were taken by the Sulus and were distributed among the three divisions of the island, while others drifted to Bruney and Magindanao. Some time after that there came Karimul103Makdum.104He sailed in a pot of iron and the ancients called him Sharif105Awliya.106The Sulus adopted the Mohammedan religion and brought Makdum to Bwansa.107There the Tagimaha chiefs built a mosque. Ten years later there arrived Raja Baginda, who emigrated from Menangkabaw.108Baginda came to Zamboanga first. From there he moved to Basilan and Sulu. The natives met him on the sea for the purpose of fighting him. He asked them, “Why do you wish to fight a Mohammedan who is coming to live with you?” He married there.The commission of Khatib Abdur Razzak.Text in circle: “The Conqueror. By the order of the Omniscient King, The Sultan Mohammed Jamalul Kiram. The year 1239.”Translation of page 5 of the original manuscript.—Dated Wednesday, the tenth of Ramadan, in the year “D,” the first, which corresponds to the year 1251 of the Hegirah of the Prophet Mohammed, may the best of God’s mercy and blessing be his. This day his majesty our master, the Sultan Jamalul109Kiram110has granted Adak an official title by virtue of which he will be known as Khatib111Abdur112Razzak.113This is done in conference and consultation and with the consent of all the people, without dissent.By the will of God the most High.(Signed) The SultanJamaul Kiram.[The End.]

Translation of page 2 of the original manuscript.—In the days of the Timway94OrangkayaSu’il the Sulus received from Manila four Bisayan captives, one silveragong,95one gold hat, one gold cane, and one silver vase, as a sign of friendship between the two countries. One of the captives had red eyes, one had black eyes; one, blue eyes; and one, white eyes.

Translation of page 3 of the original manuscript.—The red-eyed man was stationed at Parang,96and is the forefather of all the people of Parang. The white-eyed man was stationed at Lati,97and is the forefather of all the people of Lati. The black-eyed man was stationed at Gi’tung,98and is the forefather of the people of Gi’tung. The blue-eyed man was stationed at Lu’uk,99and is the forefather of the peopleof Lu’uk. At that time the religion of Mohammed had not come to Sulu.

Translation of page 4 of the original manuscript.—The first inhabitants of the Island of Sulu were the people of Maymbung.100They were followed by the Tagimaha101and the Baklaya.102Later came the Bajaw (Samals) from Juhur. Some Bajaws were taken by the Sulus and were distributed among the three divisions of the island, while others drifted to Bruney and Magindanao. Some time after that there came Karimul103Makdum.104He sailed in a pot of iron and the ancients called him Sharif105Awliya.106The Sulus adopted the Mohammedan religion and brought Makdum to Bwansa.107There the Tagimaha chiefs built a mosque. Ten years later there arrived Raja Baginda, who emigrated from Menangkabaw.108Baginda came to Zamboanga first. From there he moved to Basilan and Sulu. The natives met him on the sea for the purpose of fighting him. He asked them, “Why do you wish to fight a Mohammedan who is coming to live with you?” He married there.

The commission of Khatib Abdur Razzak.

Text in circle: “The Conqueror. By the order of the Omniscient King, The Sultan Mohammed Jamalul Kiram. The year 1239.”

Translation of page 5 of the original manuscript.—Dated Wednesday, the tenth of Ramadan, in the year “D,” the first, which corresponds to the year 1251 of the Hegirah of the Prophet Mohammed, may the best of God’s mercy and blessing be his. This day his majesty our master, the Sultan Jamalul109Kiram110has granted Adak an official title by virtue of which he will be known as Khatib111Abdur112Razzak.113This is done in conference and consultation and with the consent of all the people, without dissent.

By the will of God the most High.

(Signed) The SultanJamaul Kiram.

[The End.]

1See below, p. 148.2The eleventh month of the Mohammedan year.3Sulu; the head, the chief.4Arabic; the slave of the Merciful.5Malay; sir or mister.6Arabic; leader, caliph, high priest.7A Sulu form of the Arabic “Caliph.”8Malay-Sanskrit; minister of state.9The central high region of Sumatra.10Malay; officer of state. It literally means “rich man.”11Sanskrit; king.12Malay-Sanskrit; emperor or caliph. It is here used as a proper noun.13A place in Lati, Sulu.14Sulu; chicken, fowl.15Sulu-Malay; slave.16Sanskrit; wise.17Arabic; understanding, mind.18Malay-Sanskrit; subordinate officer of state.19Arabic; lady, grandmother.20Arabic; safe and sound.21Malay; lady, woman.22Arabic; righteous.23A title of nobility.24Arabic, Fatimah; the name of the Prophet’s daughter.25Arabic; brilliant.26Arabic; wife or husband.27Arabic; beautiful.28Arabic; hoping.29Arabic; faithful.30Arabic; religion.31Arabic; trusted or trustworthy.32Arabic; guide, leader.33Sulu; fruit.34Arabic; intelligent.35Arabic; feminine of “salim” or safe and sound.36Arabic; sleeping.37Arabic; known.38Arabic; noble, subordinate officer of state.39Sanskrit; Iddha, kindled, lighted, or sunshine.40Sanskrit; Indra, the god of the heavens, or most likely Indirā, name of Lakshmī, the wife of Vishnu.41Sulu; light, sun.42Arabic; wise.43The name of Mohammed’s wife.44Arabic; everlasting, eternal.45Arabic; perfection.46Arabic; scribe.47Arabic; educated, taught.48Arabic; virtuous.49Arabic; pride, glory.50Arabic; father.51Arabic; firm, resolute, an attribute of God.52Arabic; Mary.53The Baklaya party should have been mentioned after the Tagimaha, but it was evidently left out by mistake. Tagimaha is a Sanskrit word which means country.54Arabic; generous, noble.55Arabic; served, master.56Arabic; noble, applied to a descendant of Mohammed.57Sulu, anchorage. The settlement lies 3 miles west of Jolo.58It is used here as a name. As a title it is higher than raja and is equivalent to sultan or emperor.59The Moro word for Zamboanga.60Arabic; night, a common name.61Arabic; power, superior authority, sultan.62Arabic; glory.63A corrupt form of the Arabic Ahmad.64From the Arabic “Sheikh,” meaning chief.65A place in Sumatra (?)66Java.67Arabic; master or noble, addressed to descendants of the prophet Mohammed.68Town and state in southeastern Sumatra.69Arabic; noble. This word is often pronounced by the Moros as “salip” or “sarip.”70Arabic; height.71Sanskrit; princess.72Sanskrit; greater king, emperor.73In Malay it indicates rank or office; in Sulu it is used only as a name.74Malay; young.75Arabic; defender.76Arabic; honor, respect.77Arabic; star, meteor, bright flame.78Arabic; chosen (by God).79Arabic; interceder.80Arabic; victory.81From the Arabic ʿazeem or great; not from ʿAlim, meaning learned.82Arabic; exalter or defender.83Arabic; Israel.84Arabic; honor.85Arabic; orator; thepanditawho reads the oration, a part of the religions services held on Friday.86See Ethnological Survey Publications, Vol. IV, pt. 1, p. 64.87The servant of the giver.88Jamiyun is Sanskrit and means brother or sister’s son; Kulisa is Indra’s thunderbolt.89One of the names of the wife of Vishnu.90Sulu; the sun.91The Sulus believed that Alexander the Great came to Sulu and that their ancient rulers were descended from him.92Sanskrit; the plant. Jamiyun Kulisa, Indira Suga, and Masha’ika are the names of the ancient gods of Sulu. Prior to Islam the Sulus worshiped the Vedic gods and evidently believed them to be the forefathers or creators of men. The Sulu author was ignorant of this fact and used the names of the gods as names of real men.93Arabic; faithful.94Chief.95A gong used for signals and in worship.96Western district of the Island of Sulu.97The northern and central district of the Island of Sulu.98The southern and central part of the Island of Sulu.99The eastern part of the Island of Sulu.100The town where the present Sultan of Sulu resides.101The inhabitants of the region west of the town of Jolo.102The inhabitants of the northern coast, east of Jolo.103Arabic; generous.104Arabic; master or served.105Arabic; noble; a title applied to a descendant of Mohammed.106Arabic; plural of walī, a man of God.107Sulu; anchorage; the ancient capital of Sulu.108A district in Sumatra.109Arabic; beauty.110Arabic; plural ofkarim, meaning generous.111Arabic; orator; a high religious title, allied to Imam.112Arabic; slave or servant.113Arabic; the Giver, referring to God.

1See below, p. 148.

2The eleventh month of the Mohammedan year.

3Sulu; the head, the chief.

4Arabic; the slave of the Merciful.

5Malay; sir or mister.

6Arabic; leader, caliph, high priest.

7A Sulu form of the Arabic “Caliph.”

8Malay-Sanskrit; minister of state.

9The central high region of Sumatra.

10Malay; officer of state. It literally means “rich man.”

11Sanskrit; king.

12Malay-Sanskrit; emperor or caliph. It is here used as a proper noun.

13A place in Lati, Sulu.

14Sulu; chicken, fowl.

15Sulu-Malay; slave.

16Sanskrit; wise.

17Arabic; understanding, mind.

18Malay-Sanskrit; subordinate officer of state.

19Arabic; lady, grandmother.

20Arabic; safe and sound.

21Malay; lady, woman.

22Arabic; righteous.

23A title of nobility.

24Arabic, Fatimah; the name of the Prophet’s daughter.

25Arabic; brilliant.

26Arabic; wife or husband.

27Arabic; beautiful.

28Arabic; hoping.

29Arabic; faithful.

30Arabic; religion.

31Arabic; trusted or trustworthy.

32Arabic; guide, leader.

33Sulu; fruit.

34Arabic; intelligent.

35Arabic; feminine of “salim” or safe and sound.

36Arabic; sleeping.

37Arabic; known.

38Arabic; noble, subordinate officer of state.

39Sanskrit; Iddha, kindled, lighted, or sunshine.

40Sanskrit; Indra, the god of the heavens, or most likely Indirā, name of Lakshmī, the wife of Vishnu.

41Sulu; light, sun.

42Arabic; wise.

43The name of Mohammed’s wife.

44Arabic; everlasting, eternal.

45Arabic; perfection.

46Arabic; scribe.

47Arabic; educated, taught.

48Arabic; virtuous.

49Arabic; pride, glory.

50Arabic; father.

51Arabic; firm, resolute, an attribute of God.

52Arabic; Mary.

53The Baklaya party should have been mentioned after the Tagimaha, but it was evidently left out by mistake. Tagimaha is a Sanskrit word which means country.

54Arabic; generous, noble.

55Arabic; served, master.

56Arabic; noble, applied to a descendant of Mohammed.

57Sulu, anchorage. The settlement lies 3 miles west of Jolo.

58It is used here as a name. As a title it is higher than raja and is equivalent to sultan or emperor.

59The Moro word for Zamboanga.

60Arabic; night, a common name.

61Arabic; power, superior authority, sultan.

62Arabic; glory.

63A corrupt form of the Arabic Ahmad.

64From the Arabic “Sheikh,” meaning chief.

65A place in Sumatra (?)

66Java.

67Arabic; master or noble, addressed to descendants of the prophet Mohammed.

68Town and state in southeastern Sumatra.

69Arabic; noble. This word is often pronounced by the Moros as “salip” or “sarip.”

70Arabic; height.

71Sanskrit; princess.

72Sanskrit; greater king, emperor.

73In Malay it indicates rank or office; in Sulu it is used only as a name.

74Malay; young.

75Arabic; defender.

76Arabic; honor, respect.

77Arabic; star, meteor, bright flame.

78Arabic; chosen (by God).

79Arabic; interceder.

80Arabic; victory.

81From the Arabic ʿazeem or great; not from ʿAlim, meaning learned.

82Arabic; exalter or defender.

83Arabic; Israel.

84Arabic; honor.

85Arabic; orator; thepanditawho reads the oration, a part of the religions services held on Friday.

86See Ethnological Survey Publications, Vol. IV, pt. 1, p. 64.

87The servant of the giver.

88Jamiyun is Sanskrit and means brother or sister’s son; Kulisa is Indra’s thunderbolt.

89One of the names of the wife of Vishnu.

90Sulu; the sun.

91The Sulus believed that Alexander the Great came to Sulu and that their ancient rulers were descended from him.

92Sanskrit; the plant. Jamiyun Kulisa, Indira Suga, and Masha’ika are the names of the ancient gods of Sulu. Prior to Islam the Sulus worshiped the Vedic gods and evidently believed them to be the forefathers or creators of men. The Sulu author was ignorant of this fact and used the names of the gods as names of real men.

93Arabic; faithful.

94Chief.

95A gong used for signals and in worship.

96Western district of the Island of Sulu.

97The northern and central district of the Island of Sulu.

98The southern and central part of the Island of Sulu.

99The eastern part of the Island of Sulu.

100The town where the present Sultan of Sulu resides.

101The inhabitants of the region west of the town of Jolo.

102The inhabitants of the northern coast, east of Jolo.

103Arabic; generous.

104Arabic; master or served.

105Arabic; noble; a title applied to a descendant of Mohammed.

106Arabic; plural of walī, a man of God.

107Sulu; anchorage; the ancient capital of Sulu.

108A district in Sumatra.

109Arabic; beauty.

110Arabic; plural ofkarim, meaning generous.

111Arabic; orator; a high religious title, allied to Imam.

112Arabic; slave or servant.

113Arabic; the Giver, referring to God.

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