[466]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 94.[467]Ibid., 1702-07, p. 145.[468]Joyce, pp. 75, 76. Mr. Vanderpoel, postmaster at the Brill, was appointed by the king to take charge of all letters and despatches sent by or to their Majesties by the Harwich boats (Cal. S. P. D., 1691-92, p. 404;Cal. T. P., 1702-07, pp. 19, 33).[469]Cal. T. B. & P., 1742-45, p.509.[470]Cal. T. P., 1708-14, p. 3.[471]43 Geo. III, c. 73.[472]LondonTimes, 1812, Aug. 31, p. 2.[473]Ibid., 1813, Aug. 22, p. 2.[474]Ibid., 1813, Nov. 29, p. 3.[475]Rep. Commrs., 1829, xi, p. 232;Acc. & P., 1817, p. 11; LondonTimes, 1814, April 18, p. 3.[476]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78.[477]LondonTimes, 1830, May 21, p. 3.[478]Post nights were probably on Wednesday and Saturday nights.[479]LondonTimes, 1837, Jan. 14, p. 7.[480]Rep. Commrs., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 5.[481]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 5.[482]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 7.[483]5 and 6 Wm. IV., c. 25.[484]LondonTimes, 1836, June 20, p. 5. In accounting to France for letters sent there postpaid, England agreed to consider as a single letter any enclosure or enclosures weighing not more than a quarter of an ounce, according to the French method.[485]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 64.[486]Ibid., p.57.[487]Joyce, pp. 79, 81.[488]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 105.[489]Ibid., 1702-07, p. 29.[490]Ibid., 1708-14, p. 45.[491]Cal. T. B. and P., 1742-45, pp. 705, 707.[492]Jo. H. C., 1787, pp. 816, 817.[493]48 Geo. III, c. 116.[494]5 Geo. IV, c. 10.[495]6 Geo. IV, c. 44.[496]55 Geo. III, c. 153.[497]Letters were sent to the colonies by private vessels. The method used for sending letters to America was as follows. Masters of vessels bound for America used to hang up a bag in the coffee-houses, in which letters were placed. A fee of one penny was charged for a single letter and 2d.for a double letter or parcel in excess of a single letter (Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, p. 77).[498]Thos. DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, p. 343.[499]Cal. S. P. D., 1689-90, p. 301.[500]Cal. T. B. and P., 1742-45, p. 518.[501]Ibid., 1742-45, p. 523.[502]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, p. 7.[503]Parl. Papers, 1822, vi, 417, pp. 117 f.[504]Joyce, pp. 384-85. In a debate in the House on the Holyhead rates, Parnell said that they limited the use of the steamboats to the rich (Parl. Deb., 3d ser., x, coll. 684-85).[505]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, pp. 1, 156.[506]Rep. Commrs., 1830, pp. 22, 36, 40.[507]Acc. & P., 1826-27, xx, p. 6.[508]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78.[509]Ibid., 1830, xiv, p. 72.[510]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., app., p. 28.[511]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 1;Rep. Commrs., 1831-32, xvii, pp. 358-60.[512]Acc. & P., xlvi, 281.[513]Rep. Commrs., 1836, xxviii, pp. 14-16.[514]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 18.[515]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 6.[516]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 8.[517]Cal. S. P. D., 1671, p. 203. In 1793, owing to a scarcity of English vessels and as a war measure, permission was given to send English letters to Spain and Portugal by means of Spanish ships (33 Geo. III, c. 60).[518]Joyce, p. 73.[519]It is true that by the act of 1711, a penny was to be charged for every ship letter; but this was to go to the master of the ship.[520]39 Geo. III, c. 76.[521]2 Wm. IV, c. 15.[522]5 and 6 Wm. IV, c. 25.[523]Cal. S. P. D., 1650, p. 540.[524]Ibid., 1691-92, pp. 29, 137.[525]13 and 14 Chas. II, c. 11.[526]Goods were not supposed to be carried unless such a licence had been obtained. Some Jews, coming from Calais on the packet boat, had brought a few spectacles with them, on the sale of which they said that their support depended. The spectacles were confiscated (Cal. T. B. and P., 1739-41, p. 61).[527]Cal. T. P., 1708-14, p. 74.[528]Cal. T. B. & P., 1731-34, p. 223.[529]Ibid., 1731-34, p. 242.[530]Ibid., 1731-34, p. 234.[531]24 Geo. III, session 2, c. 37.[532]Cal. T. B. & P., 1742-45, p. 55.[533]Joyce, pp. 95 f.[534]Fin. Rep., 1797, no. 7, p. 5.[535]Jo. H. C., 1787, p. 116.[536]Jo. H. C., 1787, pp. 815-16.[537]Ibid., 1787, pp. 815-16. Anthony Todd, Secretary of the Post Office, writing to Charles Cox in Harwich said that "several persons going from Helvoetsluys to Harwich, who are well able to pay full fare, have given money for half, free and poor passes, and larger sums have been taken for passes than are allowed by the Postmaster-General" (Jo. H. C., 1787, p. 805).[538]Ibid., 1787, p. 205.[539]Fin. Rep., 1797, no. 7, pp. 52-65.[540]Ibid., no. 7, p. 131.[541]Fin. Rep., no. 7, p. 119.[542]Ibid., no. 7, p. 118.[543]Ibid., no. 7, pp. 122-23.[544]Ibid., no. 7, p. 117.[545]Ibid., no. 7, p. 116.[546]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78;Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 3; Joyce, pp. 398-99.[547]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 49. Three of the boats wrecked were on their way to or from Halifax, N. S.[548]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 3.[549]Acc. & P., 1837-38, xlv, pp. 1, 2.[550]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 34.[551]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 36.[552]Rep. Com., 1860, xiv;Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, pp. 1-7.[553]Rep. Com., 1849, xii, p. iii.[554]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, p. 37.[555]Rep. Com., 1860, xiv, p. 17; 23 Vict., c. 46;Parl. Deb., 3d ser., clxi, col. 830; cxciv, col. 1281; cxcvii, col. 1818.[556]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, pp. 37-43.[557]Parl. Deb., 3d ser., ccxxxviii, coll., 1633-36.[558]3s.a lb. for letters; 1s.8d.when carried by other lines (Rep. Com., 1860, xiv, p. 5; 1868-69, vi, pp. iii-v;Rep. P. G., 1887, pp. 4-5;Acc. & P., 1887, xlix, 34, pp. 3-4;Parl. Deb., 4th ser., cxxii, coll. 385-401).[559]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, p. 59; 1887, xlix, 34, p. 7;Rep. P. G., 1907, pp. 5-6.[560]Rep. P. G., 1907, pp. 5-6, 52-53.[561]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., p. 376; 1847, lxii, pp. 5-6;Rep. P. G., 1868, p. 28; 1875, p. 39; 1901, app., p. 82; 1907, p. 95.[562]The rate from Venice had been16d.By a single letter is meant one piece of paper.[563]Cal. S. P. D., 1625-26, p. 523.[564]Ibid., 1628-29, p. 538.[565]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (25).[566]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 57 (36).[567]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 58 (37).[568]Joyce, p. 29.[569]Cal. S. P. D., 1651-52, p. 507.[570]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 449.[571]Scobell,Collect., pt. ii, pp. 511-13. Inland letters containing more than two enclosures but weighing less than an ounce were charged according to the number of enclosures.[572]Scobell,Collect., pt. ii, pp. 511-13.[573]12 Chas. II, c. 35.[574]One shilling Scotch was equal to one penny English.[575]Wm. III, 1st parl., 5th session (Scotland), c. 31.[576]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, 48; 1702-1707, 101.[577]Joyce, p. 78.[578]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, 46.Single letterDouble letterPer ounceRates to the islands were9d.18d.32d.In 1705 increased to15d.30d.72d.Rates from the islands in 170518d.36d.72d.—Stow'sLondon, bk. v, p. 400.[579]Joyce, p. 111.[580]Joyce, p. 113;Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, 77.[581]Joyce, p. 128.[582]Double letters were charged twice as much as single letters.[583]When the rates for single letters only are given it is understood that double and triple letters paid two and three times as much respectively. Letters weighing an ounce or more paid a single letter rate for each quarter of an ounce.[584]Joyce, p. 145.[585]9 Anne, c. 11.[586]Jo. H. C., 1745-50, pp. 751-2.[587]26 Geo. III, c. 13, secs. 7, 8.[588]5 Geo. III, c. 25. The principle of payment in advance was not popular. A man in England writing to his brother in Virginia in 1764 says, "Very often of late I have been so foolish, I should say unfortunate previously to pay for the letters coming to you.... To my great concern I have been since assured that such letters never go forward but are immediately thrown aside and neglected. I believe I wrote to you three or four times this last winter by this method and am since informed of this their fate. You may form a great guess of the truth of it by or by not receiving them" (Notes and Queries, 4th ser., xii, p. 125).[589]24 Geo. III, sess. 2, c. 37.[590]27 Geo. III, c. 9. In 1767 a rate of 2d.for a single letter was established between Whitehaven (Cumberland) and the Port of Douglas (Isle of Man) (7 Geo. III, c. 50).[591]37 Geo. III, c. 18.[592]33 Geo. III, c. 60.[593]39 Geo. III, c. 76.[594]When the temporary peace of Amiens was concluded in 1802, the rates for single letters from London to France were reduced to 10d., from London to the Batavian Republic to 12d.(42 Geo. II, c. 101).[595]41 Geo. III, c. 7.[596]The Irish penny was of the same value as the English penny.[597]43 Geo. III, c. 28.[598]Parl. Deb., 1st ser., iii, col. 550.[599]45 Geo. III, c. 11.[600]45 Geo. III, c. 21.[601]Single letters written by or to non-commissioned officers, privates, and seamen must be on their own business, and if sent by them must bear their own signatures and the signature of their superior officer with the name of their regiment or ship (46 Geo. III, c. 92).[602]52 Geo. III, c. 88.In 1806, the rate for a single letter between Falmouth and Gibraltar was fixed at 21d., between Falmouth and Malta 25d., between Gibraltar and Malta 6d.(46 Geo. III, c. 73).In 1808, the rate for a single letter between Falmouth and Madeira was fixed at 18d., between Falmouth and Brazil 29d.(48 Geo. III, c. 116).[603]50 Geo. III, c. 74.[604]53 Geo. III, c. 58.[605]54 Geo. III, c. 119.[606]54 Geo. III, c. 169. Enacted for Ireland the following year (55 Geo. III, c. 103).[607]55 Geo. III, c. 153. This act, although repealed for Great Britain by 59 Geo. III, c. 111, still remained in force in Ireland (5 and 6 Wm. IV, c. 25).[608]LondonTimes, 1814, Oct. 8, p. 3; 1815, Jan. 19, p. 3.[609]Parl. Deb., 1st ser., xxx, col. 766; xxxi, col. 220.[610]Joyce, p. 363.[611]TheCalcutta Monthlycomplained that the new rates had rendered correspondence less frequent. "The so-called packet boats are often two or three months slower than private vessels" (LondonTimes, 1818, Oct. 30, p. 3).[612]59 Geo. III, c. 111; LondonTimes, 1820, Jan. 24, p. 3.[613]7 and 8 Geo. IV, c. 21. The postage between Liverpool and Dublin for a single letter was 13d., made up as follows:—Inland postage to Holyhead9d.For the Conway Bridge1d." " Menai "1d.Sea postage2d.In 1820, the sea rate between Portpatrick and Donaghadee had been raised by 2d.for a single letter, between Liverpool and the Port of Douglas by 4d.(1 Geo. IV, c. 89; 3 Geo. IV, c. 105).[614]7 and 8 Geo. IV, c. 21; 1 and 2 Geo. IV, c. 35, secs. 19-20; 6 Geo. IV, c. 28.[615]6 and 7 Wm. IV, c. 5.[616]Acc. & P., 1837, l. 106. Rates on foreign letters before, and after the French treaty:—Between England andBeforeAfterFrance14d.10d.Italy}Turkey}2319Ionian Isles}Spain2619by packet2626Portugal via France2619by packet3030Germany via France2014Switzerland2014Holland1616Belgium1616Russia}Prussia}Norway}2020Sweden}Denmark}Germany}Gibraltar3434Malta}Ionian Isles}3838Greece}Egypt}Brazil4242Buenos Ayres4241Madeira3131Mexico}Havana}3627Colombia}San Domingo2627United States and foreign West Indies2626
[466]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 94.
[466]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 94.
[467]Ibid., 1702-07, p. 145.
[467]Ibid., 1702-07, p. 145.
[468]Joyce, pp. 75, 76. Mr. Vanderpoel, postmaster at the Brill, was appointed by the king to take charge of all letters and despatches sent by or to their Majesties by the Harwich boats (Cal. S. P. D., 1691-92, p. 404;Cal. T. P., 1702-07, pp. 19, 33).
[468]Joyce, pp. 75, 76. Mr. Vanderpoel, postmaster at the Brill, was appointed by the king to take charge of all letters and despatches sent by or to their Majesties by the Harwich boats (Cal. S. P. D., 1691-92, p. 404;Cal. T. P., 1702-07, pp. 19, 33).
[469]Cal. T. B. & P., 1742-45, p.509.
[469]Cal. T. B. & P., 1742-45, p.509.
[470]Cal. T. P., 1708-14, p. 3.
[470]Cal. T. P., 1708-14, p. 3.
[471]43 Geo. III, c. 73.
[471]43 Geo. III, c. 73.
[472]LondonTimes, 1812, Aug. 31, p. 2.
[472]LondonTimes, 1812, Aug. 31, p. 2.
[473]Ibid., 1813, Aug. 22, p. 2.
[473]Ibid., 1813, Aug. 22, p. 2.
[474]Ibid., 1813, Nov. 29, p. 3.
[474]Ibid., 1813, Nov. 29, p. 3.
[475]Rep. Commrs., 1829, xi, p. 232;Acc. & P., 1817, p. 11; LondonTimes, 1814, April 18, p. 3.
[475]Rep. Commrs., 1829, xi, p. 232;Acc. & P., 1817, p. 11; LondonTimes, 1814, April 18, p. 3.
[476]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78.
[476]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78.
[477]LondonTimes, 1830, May 21, p. 3.
[477]LondonTimes, 1830, May 21, p. 3.
[478]Post nights were probably on Wednesday and Saturday nights.
[478]Post nights were probably on Wednesday and Saturday nights.
[479]LondonTimes, 1837, Jan. 14, p. 7.
[479]LondonTimes, 1837, Jan. 14, p. 7.
[480]Rep. Commrs., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 5.
[480]Rep. Commrs., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 5.
[481]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 5.
[481]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 5.
[482]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 7.
[482]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 7.
[483]5 and 6 Wm. IV., c. 25.
[483]5 and 6 Wm. IV., c. 25.
[484]LondonTimes, 1836, June 20, p. 5. In accounting to France for letters sent there postpaid, England agreed to consider as a single letter any enclosure or enclosures weighing not more than a quarter of an ounce, according to the French method.
[484]LondonTimes, 1836, June 20, p. 5. In accounting to France for letters sent there postpaid, England agreed to consider as a single letter any enclosure or enclosures weighing not more than a quarter of an ounce, according to the French method.
[485]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 64.
[485]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 64.
[486]Ibid., p.57.
[486]Ibid., p.57.
[487]Joyce, pp. 79, 81.
[487]Joyce, pp. 79, 81.
[488]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 105.
[488]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, p. 105.
[489]Ibid., 1702-07, p. 29.
[489]Ibid., 1702-07, p. 29.
[490]Ibid., 1708-14, p. 45.
[490]Ibid., 1708-14, p. 45.
[491]Cal. T. B. and P., 1742-45, pp. 705, 707.
[491]Cal. T. B. and P., 1742-45, pp. 705, 707.
[492]Jo. H. C., 1787, pp. 816, 817.
[492]Jo. H. C., 1787, pp. 816, 817.
[493]48 Geo. III, c. 116.
[493]48 Geo. III, c. 116.
[494]5 Geo. IV, c. 10.
[494]5 Geo. IV, c. 10.
[495]6 Geo. IV, c. 44.
[495]6 Geo. IV, c. 44.
[496]55 Geo. III, c. 153.
[496]55 Geo. III, c. 153.
[497]Letters were sent to the colonies by private vessels. The method used for sending letters to America was as follows. Masters of vessels bound for America used to hang up a bag in the coffee-houses, in which letters were placed. A fee of one penny was charged for a single letter and 2d.for a double letter or parcel in excess of a single letter (Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, p. 77).
[497]Letters were sent to the colonies by private vessels. The method used for sending letters to America was as follows. Masters of vessels bound for America used to hang up a bag in the coffee-houses, in which letters were placed. A fee of one penny was charged for a single letter and 2d.for a double letter or parcel in excess of a single letter (Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, p. 77).
[498]Thos. DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, p. 343.
[498]Thos. DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, p. 343.
[499]Cal. S. P. D., 1689-90, p. 301.
[499]Cal. S. P. D., 1689-90, p. 301.
[500]Cal. T. B. and P., 1742-45, p. 518.
[500]Cal. T. B. and P., 1742-45, p. 518.
[501]Ibid., 1742-45, p. 523.
[501]Ibid., 1742-45, p. 523.
[502]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, p. 7.
[502]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, p. 7.
[503]Parl. Papers, 1822, vi, 417, pp. 117 f.
[503]Parl. Papers, 1822, vi, 417, pp. 117 f.
[504]Joyce, pp. 384-85. In a debate in the House on the Holyhead rates, Parnell said that they limited the use of the steamboats to the rich (Parl. Deb., 3d ser., x, coll. 684-85).
[504]Joyce, pp. 384-85. In a debate in the House on the Holyhead rates, Parnell said that they limited the use of the steamboats to the rich (Parl. Deb., 3d ser., x, coll. 684-85).
[505]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, pp. 1, 156.
[505]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, pp. 1, 156.
[506]Rep. Commrs., 1830, pp. 22, 36, 40.
[506]Rep. Commrs., 1830, pp. 22, 36, 40.
[507]Acc. & P., 1826-27, xx, p. 6.
[507]Acc. & P., 1826-27, xx, p. 6.
[508]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78.
[508]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78.
[509]Ibid., 1830, xiv, p. 72.
[509]Ibid., 1830, xiv, p. 72.
[510]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., app., p. 28.
[510]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., app., p. 28.
[511]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 1;Rep. Commrs., 1831-32, xvii, pp. 358-60.
[511]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 1;Rep. Commrs., 1831-32, xvii, pp. 358-60.
[512]Acc. & P., xlvi, 281.
[512]Acc. & P., xlvi, 281.
[513]Rep. Commrs., 1836, xxviii, pp. 14-16.
[513]Rep. Commrs., 1836, xxviii, pp. 14-16.
[514]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 18.
[514]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 18.
[515]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 6.
[515]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 6.
[516]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 8.
[516]Ibid., 1836, xxviii, 6th rep., p. 8.
[517]Cal. S. P. D., 1671, p. 203. In 1793, owing to a scarcity of English vessels and as a war measure, permission was given to send English letters to Spain and Portugal by means of Spanish ships (33 Geo. III, c. 60).
[517]Cal. S. P. D., 1671, p. 203. In 1793, owing to a scarcity of English vessels and as a war measure, permission was given to send English letters to Spain and Portugal by means of Spanish ships (33 Geo. III, c. 60).
[518]Joyce, p. 73.
[518]Joyce, p. 73.
[519]It is true that by the act of 1711, a penny was to be charged for every ship letter; but this was to go to the master of the ship.
[519]It is true that by the act of 1711, a penny was to be charged for every ship letter; but this was to go to the master of the ship.
[520]39 Geo. III, c. 76.
[520]39 Geo. III, c. 76.
[521]2 Wm. IV, c. 15.
[521]2 Wm. IV, c. 15.
[522]5 and 6 Wm. IV, c. 25.
[522]5 and 6 Wm. IV, c. 25.
[523]Cal. S. P. D., 1650, p. 540.
[523]Cal. S. P. D., 1650, p. 540.
[524]Ibid., 1691-92, pp. 29, 137.
[524]Ibid., 1691-92, pp. 29, 137.
[525]13 and 14 Chas. II, c. 11.
[525]13 and 14 Chas. II, c. 11.
[526]Goods were not supposed to be carried unless such a licence had been obtained. Some Jews, coming from Calais on the packet boat, had brought a few spectacles with them, on the sale of which they said that their support depended. The spectacles were confiscated (Cal. T. B. and P., 1739-41, p. 61).
[526]Goods were not supposed to be carried unless such a licence had been obtained. Some Jews, coming from Calais on the packet boat, had brought a few spectacles with them, on the sale of which they said that their support depended. The spectacles were confiscated (Cal. T. B. and P., 1739-41, p. 61).
[527]Cal. T. P., 1708-14, p. 74.
[527]Cal. T. P., 1708-14, p. 74.
[528]Cal. T. B. & P., 1731-34, p. 223.
[528]Cal. T. B. & P., 1731-34, p. 223.
[529]Ibid., 1731-34, p. 242.
[529]Ibid., 1731-34, p. 242.
[530]Ibid., 1731-34, p. 234.
[530]Ibid., 1731-34, p. 234.
[531]24 Geo. III, session 2, c. 37.
[531]24 Geo. III, session 2, c. 37.
[532]Cal. T. B. & P., 1742-45, p. 55.
[532]Cal. T. B. & P., 1742-45, p. 55.
[533]Joyce, pp. 95 f.
[533]Joyce, pp. 95 f.
[534]Fin. Rep., 1797, no. 7, p. 5.
[534]Fin. Rep., 1797, no. 7, p. 5.
[535]Jo. H. C., 1787, p. 116.
[535]Jo. H. C., 1787, p. 116.
[536]Jo. H. C., 1787, pp. 815-16.
[536]Jo. H. C., 1787, pp. 815-16.
[537]Ibid., 1787, pp. 815-16. Anthony Todd, Secretary of the Post Office, writing to Charles Cox in Harwich said that "several persons going from Helvoetsluys to Harwich, who are well able to pay full fare, have given money for half, free and poor passes, and larger sums have been taken for passes than are allowed by the Postmaster-General" (Jo. H. C., 1787, p. 805).
[537]Ibid., 1787, pp. 815-16. Anthony Todd, Secretary of the Post Office, writing to Charles Cox in Harwich said that "several persons going from Helvoetsluys to Harwich, who are well able to pay full fare, have given money for half, free and poor passes, and larger sums have been taken for passes than are allowed by the Postmaster-General" (Jo. H. C., 1787, p. 805).
[538]Ibid., 1787, p. 205.
[538]Ibid., 1787, p. 205.
[539]Fin. Rep., 1797, no. 7, pp. 52-65.
[539]Fin. Rep., 1797, no. 7, pp. 52-65.
[540]Ibid., no. 7, p. 131.
[540]Ibid., no. 7, p. 131.
[541]Fin. Rep., no. 7, p. 119.
[541]Fin. Rep., no. 7, p. 119.
[542]Ibid., no. 7, p. 118.
[542]Ibid., no. 7, p. 118.
[543]Ibid., no. 7, pp. 122-23.
[543]Ibid., no. 7, pp. 122-23.
[544]Ibid., no. 7, p. 117.
[544]Ibid., no. 7, p. 117.
[545]Ibid., no. 7, p. 116.
[545]Ibid., no. 7, p. 116.
[546]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78;Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 3; Joyce, pp. 398-99.
[546]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., no. 78;Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 3; Joyce, pp. 398-99.
[547]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 49. Three of the boats wrecked were on their way to or from Halifax, N. S.
[547]Acc. & P., 1834, xlix, p. 49. Three of the boats wrecked were on their way to or from Halifax, N. S.
[548]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 3.
[548]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 3.
[549]Acc. & P., 1837-38, xlv, pp. 1, 2.
[549]Acc. & P., 1837-38, xlv, pp. 1, 2.
[550]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 34.
[550]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 34.
[551]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 36.
[551]7 Wm. IV and I Vict., c. 36.
[552]Rep. Com., 1860, xiv;Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, pp. 1-7.
[552]Rep. Com., 1860, xiv;Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, pp. 1-7.
[553]Rep. Com., 1849, xii, p. iii.
[553]Rep. Com., 1849, xii, p. iii.
[554]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, p. 37.
[554]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, p. 37.
[555]Rep. Com., 1860, xiv, p. 17; 23 Vict., c. 46;Parl. Deb., 3d ser., clxi, col. 830; cxciv, col. 1281; cxcvii, col. 1818.
[555]Rep. Com., 1860, xiv, p. 17; 23 Vict., c. 46;Parl. Deb., 3d ser., clxi, col. 830; cxciv, col. 1281; cxcvii, col. 1818.
[556]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, pp. 37-43.
[556]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, pp. 37-43.
[557]Parl. Deb., 3d ser., ccxxxviii, coll., 1633-36.
[557]Parl. Deb., 3d ser., ccxxxviii, coll., 1633-36.
[558]3s.a lb. for letters; 1s.8d.when carried by other lines (Rep. Com., 1860, xiv, p. 5; 1868-69, vi, pp. iii-v;Rep. P. G., 1887, pp. 4-5;Acc. & P., 1887, xlix, 34, pp. 3-4;Parl. Deb., 4th ser., cxxii, coll. 385-401).
[558]3s.a lb. for letters; 1s.8d.when carried by other lines (Rep. Com., 1860, xiv, p. 5; 1868-69, vi, pp. iii-v;Rep. P. G., 1887, pp. 4-5;Acc. & P., 1887, xlix, 34, pp. 3-4;Parl. Deb., 4th ser., cxxii, coll. 385-401).
[559]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, p. 59; 1887, xlix, 34, p. 7;Rep. P. G., 1907, pp. 5-6.
[559]Acc. & P., 1852-53, xcv, 1660, p. 59; 1887, xlix, 34, p. 7;Rep. P. G., 1907, pp. 5-6.
[560]Rep. P. G., 1907, pp. 5-6, 52-53.
[560]Rep. P. G., 1907, pp. 5-6, 52-53.
[561]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., p. 376; 1847, lxii, pp. 5-6;Rep. P. G., 1868, p. 28; 1875, p. 39; 1901, app., p. 82; 1907, p. 95.
[561]Rep. Commrs., 1830, xiv, app., p. 376; 1847, lxii, pp. 5-6;Rep. P. G., 1868, p. 28; 1875, p. 39; 1901, app., p. 82; 1907, p. 95.
[562]The rate from Venice had been16d.By a single letter is meant one piece of paper.
[562]The rate from Venice had been16d.By a single letter is meant one piece of paper.
[563]Cal. S. P. D., 1625-26, p. 523.
[563]Cal. S. P. D., 1625-26, p. 523.
[564]Ibid., 1628-29, p. 538.
[564]Ibid., 1628-29, p. 538.
[565]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (25).
[565]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (25).
[566]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 57 (36).
[566]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 57 (36).
[567]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 58 (37).
[567]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 58 (37).
[568]Joyce, p. 29.
[568]Joyce, p. 29.
[569]Cal. S. P. D., 1651-52, p. 507.
[569]Cal. S. P. D., 1651-52, p. 507.
[570]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 449.
[570]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 449.
[571]Scobell,Collect., pt. ii, pp. 511-13. Inland letters containing more than two enclosures but weighing less than an ounce were charged according to the number of enclosures.
[571]Scobell,Collect., pt. ii, pp. 511-13. Inland letters containing more than two enclosures but weighing less than an ounce were charged according to the number of enclosures.
[572]Scobell,Collect., pt. ii, pp. 511-13.
[572]Scobell,Collect., pt. ii, pp. 511-13.
[573]12 Chas. II, c. 35.
[573]12 Chas. II, c. 35.
[574]One shilling Scotch was equal to one penny English.
[574]One shilling Scotch was equal to one penny English.
[575]Wm. III, 1st parl., 5th session (Scotland), c. 31.
[575]Wm. III, 1st parl., 5th session (Scotland), c. 31.
[576]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, 48; 1702-1707, 101.
[576]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, 48; 1702-1707, 101.
[577]Joyce, p. 78.
[577]Joyce, p. 78.
[578]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, 46.Single letterDouble letterPer ounceRates to the islands were9d.18d.32d.In 1705 increased to15d.30d.72d.Rates from the islands in 170518d.36d.72d.—Stow'sLondon, bk. v, p. 400.
[578]Cal. T. P., 1702-07, 46.
—Stow'sLondon, bk. v, p. 400.
[579]Joyce, p. 111.
[579]Joyce, p. 111.
[580]Joyce, p. 113;Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, 77.
[580]Joyce, p. 113;Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, 77.
[581]Joyce, p. 128.
[581]Joyce, p. 128.
[582]Double letters were charged twice as much as single letters.
[582]Double letters were charged twice as much as single letters.
[583]When the rates for single letters only are given it is understood that double and triple letters paid two and three times as much respectively. Letters weighing an ounce or more paid a single letter rate for each quarter of an ounce.
[583]When the rates for single letters only are given it is understood that double and triple letters paid two and three times as much respectively. Letters weighing an ounce or more paid a single letter rate for each quarter of an ounce.
[584]Joyce, p. 145.
[584]Joyce, p. 145.
[585]9 Anne, c. 11.
[585]9 Anne, c. 11.
[586]Jo. H. C., 1745-50, pp. 751-2.
[586]Jo. H. C., 1745-50, pp. 751-2.
[587]26 Geo. III, c. 13, secs. 7, 8.
[587]26 Geo. III, c. 13, secs. 7, 8.
[588]5 Geo. III, c. 25. The principle of payment in advance was not popular. A man in England writing to his brother in Virginia in 1764 says, "Very often of late I have been so foolish, I should say unfortunate previously to pay for the letters coming to you.... To my great concern I have been since assured that such letters never go forward but are immediately thrown aside and neglected. I believe I wrote to you three or four times this last winter by this method and am since informed of this their fate. You may form a great guess of the truth of it by or by not receiving them" (Notes and Queries, 4th ser., xii, p. 125).
[588]5 Geo. III, c. 25. The principle of payment in advance was not popular. A man in England writing to his brother in Virginia in 1764 says, "Very often of late I have been so foolish, I should say unfortunate previously to pay for the letters coming to you.... To my great concern I have been since assured that such letters never go forward but are immediately thrown aside and neglected. I believe I wrote to you three or four times this last winter by this method and am since informed of this their fate. You may form a great guess of the truth of it by or by not receiving them" (Notes and Queries, 4th ser., xii, p. 125).
[589]24 Geo. III, sess. 2, c. 37.
[589]24 Geo. III, sess. 2, c. 37.
[590]27 Geo. III, c. 9. In 1767 a rate of 2d.for a single letter was established between Whitehaven (Cumberland) and the Port of Douglas (Isle of Man) (7 Geo. III, c. 50).
[590]27 Geo. III, c. 9. In 1767 a rate of 2d.for a single letter was established between Whitehaven (Cumberland) and the Port of Douglas (Isle of Man) (7 Geo. III, c. 50).
[591]37 Geo. III, c. 18.
[591]37 Geo. III, c. 18.
[592]33 Geo. III, c. 60.
[592]33 Geo. III, c. 60.
[593]39 Geo. III, c. 76.
[593]39 Geo. III, c. 76.
[594]When the temporary peace of Amiens was concluded in 1802, the rates for single letters from London to France were reduced to 10d., from London to the Batavian Republic to 12d.(42 Geo. II, c. 101).
[594]When the temporary peace of Amiens was concluded in 1802, the rates for single letters from London to France were reduced to 10d., from London to the Batavian Republic to 12d.(42 Geo. II, c. 101).
[595]41 Geo. III, c. 7.
[595]41 Geo. III, c. 7.
[596]The Irish penny was of the same value as the English penny.
[596]The Irish penny was of the same value as the English penny.
[597]43 Geo. III, c. 28.
[597]43 Geo. III, c. 28.
[598]Parl. Deb., 1st ser., iii, col. 550.
[598]Parl. Deb., 1st ser., iii, col. 550.
[599]45 Geo. III, c. 11.
[599]45 Geo. III, c. 11.
[600]45 Geo. III, c. 21.
[600]45 Geo. III, c. 21.
[601]Single letters written by or to non-commissioned officers, privates, and seamen must be on their own business, and if sent by them must bear their own signatures and the signature of their superior officer with the name of their regiment or ship (46 Geo. III, c. 92).
[601]Single letters written by or to non-commissioned officers, privates, and seamen must be on their own business, and if sent by them must bear their own signatures and the signature of their superior officer with the name of their regiment or ship (46 Geo. III, c. 92).
[602]52 Geo. III, c. 88.In 1806, the rate for a single letter between Falmouth and Gibraltar was fixed at 21d., between Falmouth and Malta 25d., between Gibraltar and Malta 6d.(46 Geo. III, c. 73).In 1808, the rate for a single letter between Falmouth and Madeira was fixed at 18d., between Falmouth and Brazil 29d.(48 Geo. III, c. 116).
[602]52 Geo. III, c. 88.
In 1806, the rate for a single letter between Falmouth and Gibraltar was fixed at 21d., between Falmouth and Malta 25d., between Gibraltar and Malta 6d.(46 Geo. III, c. 73).
In 1808, the rate for a single letter between Falmouth and Madeira was fixed at 18d., between Falmouth and Brazil 29d.(48 Geo. III, c. 116).
[603]50 Geo. III, c. 74.
[603]50 Geo. III, c. 74.
[604]53 Geo. III, c. 58.
[604]53 Geo. III, c. 58.
[605]54 Geo. III, c. 119.
[605]54 Geo. III, c. 119.
[606]54 Geo. III, c. 169. Enacted for Ireland the following year (55 Geo. III, c. 103).
[606]54 Geo. III, c. 169. Enacted for Ireland the following year (55 Geo. III, c. 103).
[607]55 Geo. III, c. 153. This act, although repealed for Great Britain by 59 Geo. III, c. 111, still remained in force in Ireland (5 and 6 Wm. IV, c. 25).
[607]55 Geo. III, c. 153. This act, although repealed for Great Britain by 59 Geo. III, c. 111, still remained in force in Ireland (5 and 6 Wm. IV, c. 25).
[608]LondonTimes, 1814, Oct. 8, p. 3; 1815, Jan. 19, p. 3.
[608]LondonTimes, 1814, Oct. 8, p. 3; 1815, Jan. 19, p. 3.
[609]Parl. Deb., 1st ser., xxx, col. 766; xxxi, col. 220.
[609]Parl. Deb., 1st ser., xxx, col. 766; xxxi, col. 220.
[610]Joyce, p. 363.
[610]Joyce, p. 363.
[611]TheCalcutta Monthlycomplained that the new rates had rendered correspondence less frequent. "The so-called packet boats are often two or three months slower than private vessels" (LondonTimes, 1818, Oct. 30, p. 3).
[611]TheCalcutta Monthlycomplained that the new rates had rendered correspondence less frequent. "The so-called packet boats are often two or three months slower than private vessels" (LondonTimes, 1818, Oct. 30, p. 3).
[612]59 Geo. III, c. 111; LondonTimes, 1820, Jan. 24, p. 3.
[612]59 Geo. III, c. 111; LondonTimes, 1820, Jan. 24, p. 3.
[613]7 and 8 Geo. IV, c. 21. The postage between Liverpool and Dublin for a single letter was 13d., made up as follows:—Inland postage to Holyhead9d.For the Conway Bridge1d." " Menai "1d.Sea postage2d.In 1820, the sea rate between Portpatrick and Donaghadee had been raised by 2d.for a single letter, between Liverpool and the Port of Douglas by 4d.(1 Geo. IV, c. 89; 3 Geo. IV, c. 105).
[613]7 and 8 Geo. IV, c. 21. The postage between Liverpool and Dublin for a single letter was 13d., made up as follows:—
In 1820, the sea rate between Portpatrick and Donaghadee had been raised by 2d.for a single letter, between Liverpool and the Port of Douglas by 4d.(1 Geo. IV, c. 89; 3 Geo. IV, c. 105).
[614]7 and 8 Geo. IV, c. 21; 1 and 2 Geo. IV, c. 35, secs. 19-20; 6 Geo. IV, c. 28.
[614]7 and 8 Geo. IV, c. 21; 1 and 2 Geo. IV, c. 35, secs. 19-20; 6 Geo. IV, c. 28.
[615]6 and 7 Wm. IV, c. 5.
[615]6 and 7 Wm. IV, c. 5.
[616]Acc. & P., 1837, l. 106. Rates on foreign letters before, and after the French treaty:—Between England andBeforeAfterFrance14d.10d.Italy}Turkey}2319Ionian Isles}Spain2619by packet2626Portugal via France2619by packet3030Germany via France2014Switzerland2014Holland1616Belgium1616Russia}Prussia}Norway}2020Sweden}Denmark}Germany}Gibraltar3434Malta}Ionian Isles}3838Greece}Egypt}Brazil4242Buenos Ayres4241Madeira3131Mexico}Havana}3627Colombia}San Domingo2627United States and foreign West Indies2626
[616]Acc. & P., 1837, l. 106. Rates on foreign letters before, and after the French treaty:—