FOOTNOTES:[1]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21.[2]Notes and Queries, 1st series, iii, p. 266.[3]These letters were sent principally between London and different places in Norfolk.[4]The Paston Letters, ed. J. Gairdner, 1872, nos. 34, 305, 435, 609, 624, 663, 905.[5]Ibid., nos. 540, 688, 723, 727.[6]Ibid., nos. 656, 905.[7]Ibid., nos. 688, 723, 745.[8]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 96 (68).[9]Cely Papers, ed. H. E. Malden, 1900, nos. 41, 72, 123, 124, 129, 132.[10]L. & P. Hen. VIII, ii, pt. 2, p. 1454.[11]Rep. Com.1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (8).[12]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 32 (7).[13]L. & P. Hen. VIII, 1515-18, 64;ibid., 1526-28, 4359, 4406;ibid., 1540-41, 540.[14]A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 20[15]L. & P. Hen. VIII, 1535, p. 27.[16]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 32 (7).A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 20.[17]A. de Rothschild,Histoire de la poste aux lettres, Paris, 1873, pp. 95-97, 114-15.[18]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xiii, 226;A. P. C., 1547-50, pp. 111, 278, 307, 319, 413.[19]L. & P. Hen. VIII, x, 33, 136; xvi, 202, 236, 284;P. & O. P. C., vii, p. 72;A. P. C., 1550-52, pp. 56, 79, 108, 225, 270, 298.[20]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xvi, p. 540;P. & 0. P. C., vii, p. 133;A. P. C., 1558-70, p. 238.[21]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xi, 726;A. P. C., 1547-50, p. 360;ibid., 1592, pp. 128, 150;Cal. S. P. D., 1547-80, pp. 599, 637, 677.[22]A.P.C., 1558-70, pp. 39, 58, 111, 207, 216, 257, 258.[23]L. & P. Hen. VII, xvi, 540;A.P.C.1556-58, pp. 248, 309.[24]A.P.C., 1556-58, pp. 136, 188, 385. For instance, in 1557 the Council issued orders to increase the wages of the London-Berwick posts from 12d.to 16d.and eventually to 20d.a day; but as soon as their work had again become normal, their wages were reduced to the old rate.[25]W. Cunningham,Growth of English Industry and Commerce, 1896, i, pp. 305-306.[26]J. A. Froude,History of England, 1862, i, p. 127.[27]Cunningham, i, p. 430.[28]Stow,London, 1720, bk. v, p. 401.Cal. S.P.D., 1547-80, pp. 312, 321, 432. There was considerable rivalry between them concerning those nominated for Postmaster-General. SeeCal. S.P.D., 1547-80, pp. 312, 314.[29]Stow,London, bk. v, p. 401.[30]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 36 (14).[31]A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 267;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (8).[32]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (11).[33]A. P. C., 1547-50, p. 360.[34]Cal. S. P. D., 1547-80, p. 306.[35]Cal. B. P., 1560-94, p. 299.[36]Cal. S. P. D.,Add., 1580-1625, pp. 75-76.[37]Cal. S. P. D., 1581-90, p. 676;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 22 (13).[38]Cal. S. P. D., 1619-23, pp. 238, 404.[39]Ibid., pp. 568, 572. A postmaster's salary at this time was about 5s.a day. (Ibid., 1623-25, p. 130.)[40]Ibid., 1623-25, pp. 117, 130, 153.[41]Ibid., 1619-23, pp. 567-68.[42]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 38 (18).[43]Cal. S. P. D., 1611-18, p. 601.[44]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.15, app., pt. 7, p. 63.[45]Cal. S. P. D., 1629-31, pp. 71, 247.[46]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 231.[47]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (26).[48]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 49 (27);Cal. S. P. D., 1625-26, p. 478; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.12, app. 1, p. 295;Cal. S. P. D., 1627-28, p. 405.[49]Cal. S. P. D., 1627-28, pp. 436, 591.[50]Ibid., 1625-49, p. 332; 1628-29, pp. 46, 427, 558; 1631-33, p. 384.[51]Cal. S. P. D., 1603-10, pp. 162, 397, 426, 491, 512, 521, 545, 576, 583, 588, 611.[52]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 45 (23).[53]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 45 (23).[54]Cal. S. P. D., 1623-25, p. 131.[55]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 30;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (25).[56]Cal. S. P. D., 1634-35, pp. 11, 38, 48, 389.[57]Ibid., 1625-49, p. 489.[58]Ibid., 1635-36, p. 32; 1634-35, p. 48.[59]See chapterIX.[60]Cal. S. P. D., 1580-1625, p. 360.[61]Ibid., 1580-1625, p. 630.[62]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 366. A single letter consisted of one sheet of paper, a double letter of two, and a triple letter of three sheets.[63]Rep. Com., xiv, app., p. 55 (35).Cal. S. P. D., 1635, p. 166. Letters were to be carried to and from important places at some distance from the main roads by post-horses. SeeCal. S. P. D., above.[64]Rep. Com., xiv, p. 5; app., p. 57 (36);Cal. S. P. D., 1635-36, p. 32.[65]Cal. S. P. D., 1635, p. 299.[66]Ibid., 1637, p. 527;ibid., 1636-37, p. 524.[67]Ibid., 1638-39, p. 119.[68]Ibid., 1637-38, pp. 52, 53, 394.[69]Cal. S.P.D., 1637-38, p. 238.[70]Ibid., 1640-41, p. 340. As early as 1639 persons were not allowed to have letters back when once posted. (Ibid., 1639, p. 279.)[71]Ibid., 1637, p. 255.[72]Ibid., 1639, p. 279;Rep. Com., xiv, app., p. 58 (37).[73]Cal. S.P.D., 1637-38, p. 51.[74]Ibid., 1637-38, p. 52.[75]Ibid., 1639, p. 295.[76]Ibid., 1639-40, p. 116.[77]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.12, app., pt. 2, p. 236.[78]Cal. S. P. D., 1637, p. 338.[79]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 59 (39).[80]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 22 (19);Cal. S. P. D., 1636-37, p. 534;ibid., 1637-38, p. 51.[81]Ibid., 1636-37, p. 530.[82]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.7, p. 154.[83]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 315.[84]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 81.[85]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 453;Jo. H. C., ii, p. 500;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 60 (40).[86]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 557.[87]Ibid., 1640-41, p. 536.[88]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 101 (74).[89]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 101 (74).[90]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 722;Jo. H. L., 1642-43, p. 343.[91]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 500.[92]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 10 (40);Jo. H. C., 1642-43, pp. 387, 388, 469, 470, 471, 473-74, 508, 512;ibid., 1640-42, p. 899.[93]Ibid., 1640-42, p. 899.[94]Cal. S. P. D., 1645-47, p. 461;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 68 (43);Jo. H. L., 1645-46, pp. 579, 588, 637.[95]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, pp. 159, 367;ibid., 1653-54, pp. 21, 22, 297;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 69 (44);Jo. H. C., 1651-59, p. 192.[96]Cal. S. P. D., 1641-43, p. 501;ibid., 1644, pp. 6, 29.[97]Jo. H. C., 1642-44, p. 426.[98]Cal. S. P. D., 1644, p. 400.[99]Ibid., 1644-45, p. 503;ibid., 1644, pp. 25, 144, 447.[100]Jo. H. C., 1642-44, p. 477;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 67 (41).[101]Cal. S. P. D., 1644, p. 477.[102]Ibid., 1644-45, p. 170.[103]Ibid., 1649-50, pp. 13, 147.[104]Jo. H. C., 1648-51, p. 385.[105]Ibid., 1648-51, p. 126;Cal. S. P. D., 1649-50, pp. 56, 533, 535, 541; 1650, pp. 7, 223; 1651-52, p. 216.[106]Ibid., 1649-50, p. 381.[107]Ibid., 1651-52.[108]Ibid., 1651-59, p. 192.[109]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 449. The following is a list of the contractors, with the yearly amounts offered by each:Ben Andrews for Inland Office£3600Ben Andrews for Foreign Office3500Henry Robinson for both offices8041Ben Andrews for both offices9100John Goldsmith for both offices8500Ralph Kendall for both offices10103John Manley, with good security8259Rich. Hicks9120Rich. Hill8160—Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 450.[110]Cal. S. P. D., 1658-59, p. 371.[111]Ibid., 1653-54, pp. 27, 328.[112]Cal. S. P. D., 1653-54, p. 328.[113]Scobell'sCollect., p. 358.[114]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 71 (48);Cal. S. P. D., 1655, p. 138.[115]Ibid., 1655, pp. 285 f.[116]Scobell,Collect., pp. 511-13 (1656, c. 30).[117]Cal. S. P. D., 1657-58, p. 81. In January of 1660 the Council took the Post Office under its own control for a short time.Jo. H. C., 1651-59, p. 81;Cal. S. P. D., 1659-60, p. 303.[118]Cal. S. P. D., 1660-61, p. 178; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.7, p. 109.[119]Cal. S. P. D., 1660-61, pp. 93-100, 301.[120]Ibid., 1660-61, pp. 37, 82.[121]The act of 1660 (12 Ch. II, c. 35) passed in pursuance of this agreement added nothing of importance to the act of 1657, except on the question of rates. See below, chapterVIII.[122]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., pp. 75, 76 (52, 53).[123]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 7, p. 140.[124]Cal. S. P. D., 1663-64, p. 122;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., pp. 86, 91 (60, 64).[125]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 91 (64). Confirmed in 1685 (Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 11, app., 2, p. 315; 1 Jas. ii, c. 12).[126]Cal. S. P. D., 1664-65, p. 376; 1666-67, p. 567.[127]Cal. S. P. D., 1664-65, p. 457. Although letters might be prepaid, it was not compulsory that they should be, and the vast majority were not.[128]Joyce, p. 46.[129]Cal. S. P. D., 1667, p. 80.[130]Ibid., 1664-65, p. 51.[131]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 12, app., pt. 7, pp. 14, 93;Cal. S. P. D., 1665-66, p. 14.Cal. S. P. D. Add., 1600-70, p. 713.[132]Cal. S. P. D., 1665-66, p. 573.[133]Ibid., 1667, p. 260.[134]Stow,London, bk. ii, p. 163.[135]Notes and Queries, series 9, i, p. 122; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 15, app., pt. 2, p. 19;Cal. S. P. D., 1670, p. 578.[136]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 15, app., pt. 2, p. 19.[137]Stow,London, bk. v, pp. 403-04; Thos. DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, pp. 346-47; W. Thornbury,Old and New London, ii, p. 209; Noorthouck,Hist. of London, 1773, p. 252. Noorthouck is mistaken in making Murray the promoter of the London Penny Post, although the idea may have originated with him.[138]Notes and Queries, ser. 6, xi, p. 153; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 10, app. 4, pp. 125, 132; Joyce, p. 38.[139]DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, p. 345.[140]Cal. B. P., 1697-1702, xliv, 56.[141]Two men living in Limerick and Tipperary claimed in 1692 that they had organized a Penny Post in Ireland (Cal. S. P. D., 1691-92, p. 449). In 1704 the Countess Dowager of Thanet petitioned to be allowed to establish a Penny Post in Dublin, but nothing was done (Cal. T. P., 1702-07, lxxxix, 305).[142]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, lxxi, 40; Charles Knight,London, 1842, iii, p. 282.[143]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 12, app., pt. 7, p. 262;Cal. S. P. D., 1690-91, p. 50; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.,15, app., pt. 9, pp. 144, 180;Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, p. 284.[144]Cal. S. P. D., 1689-90, pp. 59, 74;Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, p. 203.[145]Stow,London, bk. v, p. 401; DeLaune,Present State of England, ed. 1690, p. 343.[146]Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, pp. 369, 461.[147]Acts of Parliament of Scotland, ix., pp. 417-419 (5 Wm. III).[148]Cal. S. P. D., 1574-1660, p. 273.[149]Joyce, pp. 196, 300.[150]Cal. S. P. Am. and W. I., 1693-96, p. 637.[151]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, lx, 77.[152]Macpherson,Annals of Commerce, ii, 707.[153]See Appendix: TablesI,II.[154]In 1765 the maximum weight for articles passing wholly by the Penny Post was lowered from 16 to 4 ounces (5 Geo. III, c. 25).[155]9 Anne, c. 11.[156]A bye-letter was the name given to a letter carried over one of the great roads but not passing to, from or through London. A cross post letter passed not over the great roads, but over subsidiary or minor roads.[157]Joyce, p. 136.[158]Cal. T. P., 1714-19, cxc, 26; ccvi, 29.
[1]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21.
[1]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21.
[2]Notes and Queries, 1st series, iii, p. 266.
[2]Notes and Queries, 1st series, iii, p. 266.
[3]These letters were sent principally between London and different places in Norfolk.
[3]These letters were sent principally between London and different places in Norfolk.
[4]The Paston Letters, ed. J. Gairdner, 1872, nos. 34, 305, 435, 609, 624, 663, 905.
[4]The Paston Letters, ed. J. Gairdner, 1872, nos. 34, 305, 435, 609, 624, 663, 905.
[5]Ibid., nos. 540, 688, 723, 727.
[5]Ibid., nos. 540, 688, 723, 727.
[6]Ibid., nos. 656, 905.
[6]Ibid., nos. 656, 905.
[7]Ibid., nos. 688, 723, 745.
[7]Ibid., nos. 688, 723, 745.
[8]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 96 (68).
[8]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 96 (68).
[9]Cely Papers, ed. H. E. Malden, 1900, nos. 41, 72, 123, 124, 129, 132.
[9]Cely Papers, ed. H. E. Malden, 1900, nos. 41, 72, 123, 124, 129, 132.
[10]L. & P. Hen. VIII, ii, pt. 2, p. 1454.
[10]L. & P. Hen. VIII, ii, pt. 2, p. 1454.
[11]Rep. Com.1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (8).
[11]Rep. Com.1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (8).
[12]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 32 (7).
[12]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 32 (7).
[13]L. & P. Hen. VIII, 1515-18, 64;ibid., 1526-28, 4359, 4406;ibid., 1540-41, 540.
[13]L. & P. Hen. VIII, 1515-18, 64;ibid., 1526-28, 4359, 4406;ibid., 1540-41, 540.
[14]A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 20
[14]A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 20
[15]L. & P. Hen. VIII, 1535, p. 27.
[15]L. & P. Hen. VIII, 1535, p. 27.
[16]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 32 (7).A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 20.
[16]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 32 (7).A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 20.
[17]A. de Rothschild,Histoire de la poste aux lettres, Paris, 1873, pp. 95-97, 114-15.
[17]A. de Rothschild,Histoire de la poste aux lettres, Paris, 1873, pp. 95-97, 114-15.
[18]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xiii, 226;A. P. C., 1547-50, pp. 111, 278, 307, 319, 413.
[18]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xiii, 226;A. P. C., 1547-50, pp. 111, 278, 307, 319, 413.
[19]L. & P. Hen. VIII, x, 33, 136; xvi, 202, 236, 284;P. & O. P. C., vii, p. 72;A. P. C., 1550-52, pp. 56, 79, 108, 225, 270, 298.
[19]L. & P. Hen. VIII, x, 33, 136; xvi, 202, 236, 284;P. & O. P. C., vii, p. 72;A. P. C., 1550-52, pp. 56, 79, 108, 225, 270, 298.
[20]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xvi, p. 540;P. & 0. P. C., vii, p. 133;A. P. C., 1558-70, p. 238.
[20]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xvi, p. 540;P. & 0. P. C., vii, p. 133;A. P. C., 1558-70, p. 238.
[21]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xi, 726;A. P. C., 1547-50, p. 360;ibid., 1592, pp. 128, 150;Cal. S. P. D., 1547-80, pp. 599, 637, 677.
[21]L. & P. Hen. VIII, xi, 726;A. P. C., 1547-50, p. 360;ibid., 1592, pp. 128, 150;Cal. S. P. D., 1547-80, pp. 599, 637, 677.
[22]A.P.C., 1558-70, pp. 39, 58, 111, 207, 216, 257, 258.
[22]A.P.C., 1558-70, pp. 39, 58, 111, 207, 216, 257, 258.
[23]L. & P. Hen. VII, xvi, 540;A.P.C.1556-58, pp. 248, 309.
[23]L. & P. Hen. VII, xvi, 540;A.P.C.1556-58, pp. 248, 309.
[24]A.P.C., 1556-58, pp. 136, 188, 385. For instance, in 1557 the Council issued orders to increase the wages of the London-Berwick posts from 12d.to 16d.and eventually to 20d.a day; but as soon as their work had again become normal, their wages were reduced to the old rate.
[24]A.P.C., 1556-58, pp. 136, 188, 385. For instance, in 1557 the Council issued orders to increase the wages of the London-Berwick posts from 12d.to 16d.and eventually to 20d.a day; but as soon as their work had again become normal, their wages were reduced to the old rate.
[25]W. Cunningham,Growth of English Industry and Commerce, 1896, i, pp. 305-306.
[25]W. Cunningham,Growth of English Industry and Commerce, 1896, i, pp. 305-306.
[26]J. A. Froude,History of England, 1862, i, p. 127.
[26]J. A. Froude,History of England, 1862, i, p. 127.
[27]Cunningham, i, p. 430.
[27]Cunningham, i, p. 430.
[28]Stow,London, 1720, bk. v, p. 401.Cal. S.P.D., 1547-80, pp. 312, 321, 432. There was considerable rivalry between them concerning those nominated for Postmaster-General. SeeCal. S.P.D., 1547-80, pp. 312, 314.
[28]Stow,London, 1720, bk. v, p. 401.Cal. S.P.D., 1547-80, pp. 312, 321, 432. There was considerable rivalry between them concerning those nominated for Postmaster-General. SeeCal. S.P.D., 1547-80, pp. 312, 314.
[29]Stow,London, bk. v, p. 401.
[29]Stow,London, bk. v, p. 401.
[30]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 36 (14).
[30]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 36 (14).
[31]A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 267;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (8).
[31]A. P. C., 1542-47, p. 267;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (8).
[32]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (11).
[32]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 21 (11).
[33]A. P. C., 1547-50, p. 360.
[33]A. P. C., 1547-50, p. 360.
[34]Cal. S. P. D., 1547-80, p. 306.
[34]Cal. S. P. D., 1547-80, p. 306.
[35]Cal. B. P., 1560-94, p. 299.
[35]Cal. B. P., 1560-94, p. 299.
[36]Cal. S. P. D.,Add., 1580-1625, pp. 75-76.
[36]Cal. S. P. D.,Add., 1580-1625, pp. 75-76.
[37]Cal. S. P. D., 1581-90, p. 676;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 22 (13).
[37]Cal. S. P. D., 1581-90, p. 676;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 22 (13).
[38]Cal. S. P. D., 1619-23, pp. 238, 404.
[38]Cal. S. P. D., 1619-23, pp. 238, 404.
[39]Ibid., pp. 568, 572. A postmaster's salary at this time was about 5s.a day. (Ibid., 1623-25, p. 130.)
[39]Ibid., pp. 568, 572. A postmaster's salary at this time was about 5s.a day. (Ibid., 1623-25, p. 130.)
[40]Ibid., 1623-25, pp. 117, 130, 153.
[40]Ibid., 1623-25, pp. 117, 130, 153.
[41]Ibid., 1619-23, pp. 567-68.
[41]Ibid., 1619-23, pp. 567-68.
[42]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 38 (18).
[42]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 38 (18).
[43]Cal. S. P. D., 1611-18, p. 601.
[43]Cal. S. P. D., 1611-18, p. 601.
[44]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.15, app., pt. 7, p. 63.
[44]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.15, app., pt. 7, p. 63.
[45]Cal. S. P. D., 1629-31, pp. 71, 247.
[45]Cal. S. P. D., 1629-31, pp. 71, 247.
[46]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 231.
[46]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 231.
[47]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (26).
[47]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (26).
[48]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 49 (27);Cal. S. P. D., 1625-26, p. 478; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.12, app. 1, p. 295;Cal. S. P. D., 1627-28, p. 405.
[48]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 49 (27);Cal. S. P. D., 1625-26, p. 478; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.12, app. 1, p. 295;Cal. S. P. D., 1627-28, p. 405.
[49]Cal. S. P. D., 1627-28, pp. 436, 591.
[49]Cal. S. P. D., 1627-28, pp. 436, 591.
[50]Ibid., 1625-49, p. 332; 1628-29, pp. 46, 427, 558; 1631-33, p. 384.
[50]Ibid., 1625-49, p. 332; 1628-29, pp. 46, 427, 558; 1631-33, p. 384.
[51]Cal. S. P. D., 1603-10, pp. 162, 397, 426, 491, 512, 521, 545, 576, 583, 588, 611.
[51]Cal. S. P. D., 1603-10, pp. 162, 397, 426, 491, 512, 521, 545, 576, 583, 588, 611.
[52]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 45 (23).
[52]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 45 (23).
[53]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 45 (23).
[53]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 45 (23).
[54]Cal. S. P. D., 1623-25, p. 131.
[54]Cal. S. P. D., 1623-25, p. 131.
[55]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 30;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (25).
[55]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 30;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 48 (25).
[56]Cal. S. P. D., 1634-35, pp. 11, 38, 48, 389.
[56]Cal. S. P. D., 1634-35, pp. 11, 38, 48, 389.
[57]Ibid., 1625-49, p. 489.
[57]Ibid., 1625-49, p. 489.
[58]Ibid., 1635-36, p. 32; 1634-35, p. 48.
[58]Ibid., 1635-36, p. 32; 1634-35, p. 48.
[59]See chapterIX.
[59]See chapterIX.
[60]Cal. S. P. D., 1580-1625, p. 360.
[60]Cal. S. P. D., 1580-1625, p. 360.
[61]Ibid., 1580-1625, p. 630.
[61]Ibid., 1580-1625, p. 630.
[62]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 366. A single letter consisted of one sheet of paper, a double letter of two, and a triple letter of three sheets.
[62]Ibid., 1625-26, p. 366. A single letter consisted of one sheet of paper, a double letter of two, and a triple letter of three sheets.
[63]Rep. Com., xiv, app., p. 55 (35).Cal. S. P. D., 1635, p. 166. Letters were to be carried to and from important places at some distance from the main roads by post-horses. SeeCal. S. P. D., above.
[63]Rep. Com., xiv, app., p. 55 (35).Cal. S. P. D., 1635, p. 166. Letters were to be carried to and from important places at some distance from the main roads by post-horses. SeeCal. S. P. D., above.
[64]Rep. Com., xiv, p. 5; app., p. 57 (36);Cal. S. P. D., 1635-36, p. 32.
[64]Rep. Com., xiv, p. 5; app., p. 57 (36);Cal. S. P. D., 1635-36, p. 32.
[65]Cal. S. P. D., 1635, p. 299.
[65]Cal. S. P. D., 1635, p. 299.
[66]Ibid., 1637, p. 527;ibid., 1636-37, p. 524.
[66]Ibid., 1637, p. 527;ibid., 1636-37, p. 524.
[67]Ibid., 1638-39, p. 119.
[67]Ibid., 1638-39, p. 119.
[68]Ibid., 1637-38, pp. 52, 53, 394.
[68]Ibid., 1637-38, pp. 52, 53, 394.
[69]Cal. S.P.D., 1637-38, p. 238.
[69]Cal. S.P.D., 1637-38, p. 238.
[70]Ibid., 1640-41, p. 340. As early as 1639 persons were not allowed to have letters back when once posted. (Ibid., 1639, p. 279.)
[70]Ibid., 1640-41, p. 340. As early as 1639 persons were not allowed to have letters back when once posted. (Ibid., 1639, p. 279.)
[71]Ibid., 1637, p. 255.
[71]Ibid., 1637, p. 255.
[72]Ibid., 1639, p. 279;Rep. Com., xiv, app., p. 58 (37).
[72]Ibid., 1639, p. 279;Rep. Com., xiv, app., p. 58 (37).
[73]Cal. S.P.D., 1637-38, p. 51.
[73]Cal. S.P.D., 1637-38, p. 51.
[74]Ibid., 1637-38, p. 52.
[74]Ibid., 1637-38, p. 52.
[75]Ibid., 1639, p. 295.
[75]Ibid., 1639, p. 295.
[76]Ibid., 1639-40, p. 116.
[76]Ibid., 1639-40, p. 116.
[77]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.12, app., pt. 2, p. 236.
[77]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.12, app., pt. 2, p. 236.
[78]Cal. S. P. D., 1637, p. 338.
[78]Cal. S. P. D., 1637, p. 338.
[79]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 59 (39).
[79]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 59 (39).
[80]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 22 (19);Cal. S. P. D., 1636-37, p. 534;ibid., 1637-38, p. 51.
[80]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 22 (19);Cal. S. P. D., 1636-37, p. 534;ibid., 1637-38, p. 51.
[81]Ibid., 1636-37, p. 530.
[81]Ibid., 1636-37, p. 530.
[82]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.7, p. 154.
[82]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.7, p. 154.
[83]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 315.
[83]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 315.
[84]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 81.
[84]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 81.
[85]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 453;Jo. H. C., ii, p. 500;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 60 (40).
[85]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 453;Jo. H. C., ii, p. 500;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 60 (40).
[86]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 557.
[86]Cal. S. P. D., 1640-41, p. 557.
[87]Ibid., 1640-41, p. 536.
[87]Ibid., 1640-41, p. 536.
[88]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 101 (74).
[88]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 101 (74).
[89]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 101 (74).
[89]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 101 (74).
[90]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 722;Jo. H. L., 1642-43, p. 343.
[90]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 722;Jo. H. L., 1642-43, p. 343.
[91]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 500.
[91]Jo. H. C., 1640-42, p. 500.
[92]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 10 (40);Jo. H. C., 1642-43, pp. 387, 388, 469, 470, 471, 473-74, 508, 512;ibid., 1640-42, p. 899.
[92]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 10 (40);Jo. H. C., 1642-43, pp. 387, 388, 469, 470, 471, 473-74, 508, 512;ibid., 1640-42, p. 899.
[93]Ibid., 1640-42, p. 899.
[93]Ibid., 1640-42, p. 899.
[94]Cal. S. P. D., 1645-47, p. 461;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 68 (43);Jo. H. L., 1645-46, pp. 579, 588, 637.
[94]Cal. S. P. D., 1645-47, p. 461;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 68 (43);Jo. H. L., 1645-46, pp. 579, 588, 637.
[95]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, pp. 159, 367;ibid., 1653-54, pp. 21, 22, 297;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 69 (44);Jo. H. C., 1651-59, p. 192.
[95]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, pp. 159, 367;ibid., 1653-54, pp. 21, 22, 297;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 69 (44);Jo. H. C., 1651-59, p. 192.
[96]Cal. S. P. D., 1641-43, p. 501;ibid., 1644, pp. 6, 29.
[96]Cal. S. P. D., 1641-43, p. 501;ibid., 1644, pp. 6, 29.
[97]Jo. H. C., 1642-44, p. 426.
[97]Jo. H. C., 1642-44, p. 426.
[98]Cal. S. P. D., 1644, p. 400.
[98]Cal. S. P. D., 1644, p. 400.
[99]Ibid., 1644-45, p. 503;ibid., 1644, pp. 25, 144, 447.
[99]Ibid., 1644-45, p. 503;ibid., 1644, pp. 25, 144, 447.
[100]Jo. H. C., 1642-44, p. 477;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 67 (41).
[100]Jo. H. C., 1642-44, p. 477;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 67 (41).
[101]Cal. S. P. D., 1644, p. 477.
[101]Cal. S. P. D., 1644, p. 477.
[102]Ibid., 1644-45, p. 170.
[102]Ibid., 1644-45, p. 170.
[103]Ibid., 1649-50, pp. 13, 147.
[103]Ibid., 1649-50, pp. 13, 147.
[104]Jo. H. C., 1648-51, p. 385.
[104]Jo. H. C., 1648-51, p. 385.
[105]Ibid., 1648-51, p. 126;Cal. S. P. D., 1649-50, pp. 56, 533, 535, 541; 1650, pp. 7, 223; 1651-52, p. 216.
[105]Ibid., 1648-51, p. 126;Cal. S. P. D., 1649-50, pp. 56, 533, 535, 541; 1650, pp. 7, 223; 1651-52, p. 216.
[106]Ibid., 1649-50, p. 381.
[106]Ibid., 1649-50, p. 381.
[107]Ibid., 1651-52.
[107]Ibid., 1651-52.
[108]Ibid., 1651-59, p. 192.
[108]Ibid., 1651-59, p. 192.
[109]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 449. The following is a list of the contractors, with the yearly amounts offered by each:Ben Andrews for Inland Office£3600Ben Andrews for Foreign Office3500Henry Robinson for both offices8041Ben Andrews for both offices9100John Goldsmith for both offices8500Ralph Kendall for both offices10103John Manley, with good security8259Rich. Hicks9120Rich. Hill8160—Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 450.
[109]Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 449. The following is a list of the contractors, with the yearly amounts offered by each:
—Cal. S. P. D., 1652-53, p. 450.
[110]Cal. S. P. D., 1658-59, p. 371.
[110]Cal. S. P. D., 1658-59, p. 371.
[111]Ibid., 1653-54, pp. 27, 328.
[111]Ibid., 1653-54, pp. 27, 328.
[112]Cal. S. P. D., 1653-54, p. 328.
[112]Cal. S. P. D., 1653-54, p. 328.
[113]Scobell'sCollect., p. 358.
[113]Scobell'sCollect., p. 358.
[114]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 71 (48);Cal. S. P. D., 1655, p. 138.
[114]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., p. 71 (48);Cal. S. P. D., 1655, p. 138.
[115]Ibid., 1655, pp. 285 f.
[115]Ibid., 1655, pp. 285 f.
[116]Scobell,Collect., pp. 511-13 (1656, c. 30).
[116]Scobell,Collect., pp. 511-13 (1656, c. 30).
[117]Cal. S. P. D., 1657-58, p. 81. In January of 1660 the Council took the Post Office under its own control for a short time.Jo. H. C., 1651-59, p. 81;Cal. S. P. D., 1659-60, p. 303.
[117]Cal. S. P. D., 1657-58, p. 81. In January of 1660 the Council took the Post Office under its own control for a short time.Jo. H. C., 1651-59, p. 81;Cal. S. P. D., 1659-60, p. 303.
[118]Cal. S. P. D., 1660-61, p. 178; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.7, p. 109.
[118]Cal. S. P. D., 1660-61, p. 178; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.7, p. 109.
[119]Cal. S. P. D., 1660-61, pp. 93-100, 301.
[119]Cal. S. P. D., 1660-61, pp. 93-100, 301.
[120]Ibid., 1660-61, pp. 37, 82.
[120]Ibid., 1660-61, pp. 37, 82.
[121]The act of 1660 (12 Ch. II, c. 35) passed in pursuance of this agreement added nothing of importance to the act of 1657, except on the question of rates. See below, chapterVIII.
[121]The act of 1660 (12 Ch. II, c. 35) passed in pursuance of this agreement added nothing of importance to the act of 1657, except on the question of rates. See below, chapterVIII.
[122]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., pp. 75, 76 (52, 53).
[122]Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., pp. 75, 76 (52, 53).
[123]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 7, p. 140.
[123]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 7, p. 140.
[124]Cal. S. P. D., 1663-64, p. 122;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., pp. 86, 91 (60, 64).
[124]Cal. S. P. D., 1663-64, p. 122;Rep. Com., 1844, xiv, app., pp. 86, 91 (60, 64).
[125]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 91 (64). Confirmed in 1685 (Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 11, app., 2, p. 315; 1 Jas. ii, c. 12).
[125]Ibid., 1844, xiv, app., p. 91 (64). Confirmed in 1685 (Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 11, app., 2, p. 315; 1 Jas. ii, c. 12).
[126]Cal. S. P. D., 1664-65, p. 376; 1666-67, p. 567.
[126]Cal. S. P. D., 1664-65, p. 376; 1666-67, p. 567.
[127]Cal. S. P. D., 1664-65, p. 457. Although letters might be prepaid, it was not compulsory that they should be, and the vast majority were not.
[127]Cal. S. P. D., 1664-65, p. 457. Although letters might be prepaid, it was not compulsory that they should be, and the vast majority were not.
[128]Joyce, p. 46.
[128]Joyce, p. 46.
[129]Cal. S. P. D., 1667, p. 80.
[129]Cal. S. P. D., 1667, p. 80.
[130]Ibid., 1664-65, p. 51.
[130]Ibid., 1664-65, p. 51.
[131]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 12, app., pt. 7, pp. 14, 93;Cal. S. P. D., 1665-66, p. 14.Cal. S. P. D. Add., 1600-70, p. 713.
[131]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 12, app., pt. 7, pp. 14, 93;Cal. S. P. D., 1665-66, p. 14.Cal. S. P. D. Add., 1600-70, p. 713.
[132]Cal. S. P. D., 1665-66, p. 573.
[132]Cal. S. P. D., 1665-66, p. 573.
[133]Ibid., 1667, p. 260.
[133]Ibid., 1667, p. 260.
[134]Stow,London, bk. ii, p. 163.
[134]Stow,London, bk. ii, p. 163.
[135]Notes and Queries, series 9, i, p. 122; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 15, app., pt. 2, p. 19;Cal. S. P. D., 1670, p. 578.
[135]Notes and Queries, series 9, i, p. 122; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 15, app., pt. 2, p. 19;Cal. S. P. D., 1670, p. 578.
[136]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 15, app., pt. 2, p. 19.
[136]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 15, app., pt. 2, p. 19.
[137]Stow,London, bk. v, pp. 403-04; Thos. DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, pp. 346-47; W. Thornbury,Old and New London, ii, p. 209; Noorthouck,Hist. of London, 1773, p. 252. Noorthouck is mistaken in making Murray the promoter of the London Penny Post, although the idea may have originated with him.
[137]Stow,London, bk. v, pp. 403-04; Thos. DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, pp. 346-47; W. Thornbury,Old and New London, ii, p. 209; Noorthouck,Hist. of London, 1773, p. 252. Noorthouck is mistaken in making Murray the promoter of the London Penny Post, although the idea may have originated with him.
[138]Notes and Queries, ser. 6, xi, p. 153; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 10, app. 4, pp. 125, 132; Joyce, p. 38.
[138]Notes and Queries, ser. 6, xi, p. 153; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 10, app. 4, pp. 125, 132; Joyce, p. 38.
[139]DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, p. 345.
[139]DeLaune,Present State of London, 1681, p. 345.
[140]Cal. B. P., 1697-1702, xliv, 56.
[140]Cal. B. P., 1697-1702, xliv, 56.
[141]Two men living in Limerick and Tipperary claimed in 1692 that they had organized a Penny Post in Ireland (Cal. S. P. D., 1691-92, p. 449). In 1704 the Countess Dowager of Thanet petitioned to be allowed to establish a Penny Post in Dublin, but nothing was done (Cal. T. P., 1702-07, lxxxix, 305).
[141]Two men living in Limerick and Tipperary claimed in 1692 that they had organized a Penny Post in Ireland (Cal. S. P. D., 1691-92, p. 449). In 1704 the Countess Dowager of Thanet petitioned to be allowed to establish a Penny Post in Dublin, but nothing was done (Cal. T. P., 1702-07, lxxxix, 305).
[142]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, lxxi, 40; Charles Knight,London, 1842, iii, p. 282.
[142]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, lxxi, 40; Charles Knight,London, 1842, iii, p. 282.
[143]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 12, app., pt. 7, p. 262;Cal. S. P. D., 1690-91, p. 50; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.,15, app., pt. 9, pp. 144, 180;Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, p. 284.
[143]Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep., 12, app., pt. 7, p. 262;Cal. S. P. D., 1690-91, p. 50; Hist. MSS. Com.,Rep.,15, app., pt. 9, pp. 144, 180;Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, p. 284.
[144]Cal. S. P. D., 1689-90, pp. 59, 74;Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, p. 203.
[144]Cal. S. P. D., 1689-90, pp. 59, 74;Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, p. 203.
[145]Stow,London, bk. v, p. 401; DeLaune,Present State of England, ed. 1690, p. 343.
[145]Stow,London, bk. v, p. 401; DeLaune,Present State of England, ed. 1690, p. 343.
[146]Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, pp. 369, 461.
[146]Cal. T. P., 1557-1696, pp. 369, 461.
[147]Acts of Parliament of Scotland, ix., pp. 417-419 (5 Wm. III).
[147]Acts of Parliament of Scotland, ix., pp. 417-419 (5 Wm. III).
[148]Cal. S. P. D., 1574-1660, p. 273.
[148]Cal. S. P. D., 1574-1660, p. 273.
[149]Joyce, pp. 196, 300.
[149]Joyce, pp. 196, 300.
[150]Cal. S. P. Am. and W. I., 1693-96, p. 637.
[150]Cal. S. P. Am. and W. I., 1693-96, p. 637.
[151]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, lx, 77.
[151]Cal. T. P., 1697-1702, lx, 77.
[152]Macpherson,Annals of Commerce, ii, 707.
[152]Macpherson,Annals of Commerce, ii, 707.
[153]See Appendix: TablesI,II.
[153]See Appendix: TablesI,II.
[154]In 1765 the maximum weight for articles passing wholly by the Penny Post was lowered from 16 to 4 ounces (5 Geo. III, c. 25).
[154]In 1765 the maximum weight for articles passing wholly by the Penny Post was lowered from 16 to 4 ounces (5 Geo. III, c. 25).
[155]9 Anne, c. 11.
[155]9 Anne, c. 11.
[156]A bye-letter was the name given to a letter carried over one of the great roads but not passing to, from or through London. A cross post letter passed not over the great roads, but over subsidiary or minor roads.
[156]A bye-letter was the name given to a letter carried over one of the great roads but not passing to, from or through London. A cross post letter passed not over the great roads, but over subsidiary or minor roads.
[157]Joyce, p. 136.
[157]Joyce, p. 136.
[158]Cal. T. P., 1714-19, cxc, 26; ccvi, 29.
[158]Cal. T. P., 1714-19, cxc, 26; ccvi, 29.