Flemings, resort to London, where they introduce the manufacture of wool into cloth,8;instance of value set upon cloth made in London,8noteFlying coach,63,67Flying packet, meaning of the term,63(108)Flying-post,63noteForeign bottoms, employment of, by the Post Office illegal,98Foreign merchants claim to set up a post of their own to the Continent,9;claim conceded by the Privy Council,12;and repudiated by Coke,13Foster, John, Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer, his efforts to improve communication with Ireland,388France, Post Office treaty with, imperfectly observed,77;a new one made and its onerous conditions,138;postage on letters from, increased,296;improvement of communication with, deprecated by merchants of London,298Franking, abuses of, in 1711, and means taken to check them,132;effect of franking upon the Post Office revenue,142;becomes the subject of Parliamentary enactment,189;conditions altered,189;franking in Ireland,190;of newspapers inland,191;franking privilege possessed by the clerks at Dublin Castle surrendered,194;franks to be dated and are otherwise restricted,216;further restrictions imposed,315;franks do not clear either the penny, the twopenny, or the convention posts,350;franking privilege withdrawn in the case of newspapers to and from the Colonies,402;privilege remains in the case of newspapers to and from the Continent,403;and in the case of newspapers circulating within the United Kingdom gradually disappears,404;franked letters charged immediately on dissolution of Parliament,405;franking privilege withheld from Roman Catholic Peers,408;abuse of franking in the case of the Money Order Office,421;specimens of franks, AppendixFrankland, Sir Thomas, postmaster-general from 1690 to 1715.SeePostmasters-General, Part I.Frankland, William, son of the preceding, Comptroller of the Inland Office, in attendance upon the Queen at Newmarket,99Franklin, Benjamin, his dismissal,203;amicable relations with, not suspended,204Free delivery.SeeDeliveryFreeling, Sir Francis, appointed surveyor,228;appointed joint secretary with Todd,294;devises new arrangements for the sorting of the American and West Indian mails,310;his project for guarding the horse and cross-posts,317,335;becomes sole secretary,327;his craze for high rates of postage,330;his zeal in repressing illicit correspondence,333;is checked by Auckland,335;procures additional measures of repression,335;recommends increase of postage rates,340;his estimate of Cobbett,342;his emoluments from franking newspapers,344;his indignation at criticisms in theTimesnewspaper,348;brings an action,348;contemplates a high-handed proceeding towards the town of Olney in Buckinghamshire,351;procures a charge to be made on returned letters,360;his contention with the India House in the matter of ship letters,361;urges a technical adherence to the provisions of the statute,364;his elation at the increase of the Post Office revenue,365;contrast between Freeling and Lees,370;his difference with Lees,381;his claim for the Post Office in the matter of steam vessels,387;opposes improvement of communication with Ireland,389;his interview with Sir Arthur Wellesley,390;attempts to get terms of a hostile motion altered,397;his dismay at the transfer of the Falmouth packets from the Post Office to the Admiralty,399;his strictness in Post Office matters,404;is irritated by Sir Henry Parnell's assumption of superiority,407;the probable reason for not resigning on the opening of the new Post Office in St. Martin's-le-Grand,411;his view that the packet service should not be thrown open to public competition opposed by Althorp,417;defends the newspaper privilege enjoyed by the clerks of the roads,418;his attitude towards the Royal Commission,420;averts a breakdown with the mail-coaches,426;becomes the object of vehement attack,426;broods over the past,427;his death,428Frizell, William,14Frowde, Ashburnham, comptroller of foreign office,234Furness, Sir Harry,174Gardner, penny postman, murder of,183noteGarrow, Sir William, his frank forged,406Gas, introduction of, into the Post Office,408General Steam Navigation Company undertakes first packet contract,418George the Third, when at Cheltenham or at Weymouth is attended by a mail-coach,251;his illness and distribution of a prayer for his recovery,254;his interest in his coach,288;objects to roof-loading,288;attends trial trip,288;distributes largesse among mail guards and coachmen,289Gerrard Street, crowded condition of Post Office in,410Glasgow petitions for a horse-post to Edinburgh,136;and for a post office which shall not be kept at a shop,408Gloucester protests against certain houses being excluded from the free delivery,199;salary of postmaster in 1792,293Godolphin, Sidney Godolphin, Earl of, his rebuke to the postmaster-general,106;insists upon communication with the army in Flanders being improved,107;his instruction about extraordinary payments,137;directs that in Post Office cases Counsel shall give receipts for their fees,324(121,124,125)Grafton, Augustus Henry, Duke of, specimen of his frank, AppendixGrand mail,83Grand Post Nights,46,221Granville, Lord, urges improvement of the Cornish posts,62Gratuities, on delivery of letters,52,61,62,152,166;legality of, questioned in the case of towns,197;question decided in favour of the public,200;still being charged,422Gray, Thomas, his prediction that mail-coaches would be displaced by railways,408Grey, Charles, Earl,412,423Grosvenor, Sir Richard, member for Chester, expostulated with as to the irregular use of his frank,141Groyne, The,75,77Guide to accompany post-horses when two are taken,18Guildhall Library, letter preserved in, showing tardy course of post in 1666,34Halfpenny carriage set up by Povey,121Halloran, a clerical impostor,406Hamburg, practice at, on arrival of the mails,174Hamilton, Andrew, acts as Neale's agent for setting up posts in North America,110;his suggestions for improving the posts,112;acquires Neale's patent,116;dies and the patent is surrendered to the Crown,116Hamilton, John, son of the preceding, appointed deputy postmaster-general of America,116Harley, Robert, afterwards Earl of Oxford, raises the rates of postage,124;attempts to trace the writer of an anonymous letter,181Harwich, a packet station,73;number and strength of its packets,75;packet regulations,82;a hot-bed of smuggling,91,237;its exorbitant charges,96;is closed as a packet station,418Hasker, Thomas, chief superintendent of mail-coaches, his pithy instructions,284;is complimented by the King,288;will not suffer even the King to detain the mail-coach,289;enters a protest against the speed of the Holyhead mail,394Hayman, Peter, first postmaster of Virginia and Maryland,111Heath, Sir Robert, Solicitor-General,11Hickes, Prideaux's servant, imprisonment of,22Highwaymen, rewards for apprehension of,183;refrain from attacks upon mail-coaches,290;confine their attention to horse and cross-posts,317;instances of the recovery of mail bags stolen by,336Hill, Sir Rowland,269note,420,428Hippisley, Sir John,20Hiver, Richard,192Holt, Sir John, Chief Justice, his opinion respecting compensation for losses by post,188noteHolyhead, packet service at beginning of eighteenth century performed with regularity,82;contemplated reduction of the packet establishment deprecated by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,248;conditions of passage between Holyhead and Dublin in 1813,379Hompesch, Baron, packet detained for,87Horn, when to be blown,4;a man on horseback blowing a post-horn assigned as a device for Post Office colours,75noteHorses, to be kept in readiness for affairs of State,2;two to be kept at every post-house,4;use of, obtained under false pretences,5;overridden, overladen, and not always paid for,5,51;charge for post-horses in 1603,6;in 1635,18;in 1660,30;not to be supplied except at post-houses,6;to be attended by a guide when two are hired,18;not to be let when the post is expected,18;not to be taken without the consent of the owners,30;only indirectly a source of revenue,30;monopoly of letting horses continued to the Post Office by the Act of 1711,130;control exercised by the Post Office over horses for travellers merely nominal, exception given,131;charges for post-horses increased by the erection of milestones,176;monopoly of letting post-horses withdrawn,205Horse and cross-posts, project for checking robberies of,317;authority withheld,318;eventually given,335Hostages taken on capture of a packet,93;instance of inhuman treatment of,94Houses numbered,195;their not being so a hindrance to the Post Office,36,151Hume, David,29Hume, Joseph,402Hungerford selected to try the question of free delivery,198;question decided in favour of the public and a letter-carrier appointed,202,293Illicit conveyance of letters, between town and town and between the country and London,54;is stimulated by increase in the rates of postage,134,141;becomes less after the introduction of mail-coaches,227;prosecutions for,333;return to the House of Commons,422Impressment, persons employed on the packets exempt from,84;specimen of protection order,84noteInstructions to the sorting office communicated by word of mouth,324Insurance an essential condition of Dockwra's penny post,38;this condition abandoned,188Invoices to and from abroad exempt from postage until 1801, exemption then withdrawn,331Ipswich asserts its right to a free delivery,198;right admitted and letter-carrier appointed,202Ireland, tardiness of post to, before 1635,16;postage to,18;method of Post Office business in 1690,53;abuse of franking in 1773,190;clerks at the castle surrender their franking privilege,194;posts to and within Ireland improved,195;Penny Post Office opened in Dublin,196;the roof of the Dublin Post Office falls in,207;the Irish Post Office separated from that of England,221;effects of the separation in the case of correspondence by the Milford Haven and Waterford route,249;between the Irish and English Post Offices differences in point of law,366;and of practice,367;office in Dublin styled British Mail Office, account of,367;and improper use made of it,371;Clancarty's energy and decision of character,368;Lees, secretary to the Post Office in Ireland, his mode of conducting business,369;Lees contrasted with Freeling,370;the postmasters-general absentees,370;absence also of the subordinates and other abuses,371;the express clerks and clerks of the roads deal in newspapers and are given undue advantages,371;account of the alphabet,374;ingenious one in use at Belfast,375;arrangement in favour of soldiers' wives,374;peculiar mode of delivery at Belfast,375;mail-coach contracts in Ireland different from those in England,376;Charles Bianconi,376;arrangement between Ireland and Great Britain in the matter of the packets,378;Lees is dissatisfied with it,380;and sets it aside,381;Freeling's indignation,382;sailing packets replaced by steam packets,383;effect upon the number of passengers carried by the Post Office,385;Irish traffic diverted from Holyhead to Liverpool,385;and Liverpool made a packet station,386;except in the matter of the packets, indisposition of the British Post Office to improve communication with Ireland,387;such improvement urged by Foster, Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer,388;and resisted by Freeling,389;Freeling forced to give way,390;the Irish Post Office consolidated with the Post Office of Great Britain,414;and the Dublin establishment reformed,415;the auditing of the Irish accounts rendered futile,415Iron mail-cart stopped and rifled of its contents,290Isle of Wight, its Post Office establishment in 1792,294Jackson, a passenger by packet without a pass,89Jacob, Giles,188noteJamaica, Post Office establishment in, and sea rates fixed,78;duration of voyage to and fro in 1798,320;House of Assembly vote sum of money in recognition of the gallant defence of theAntelopepacket,323James, Duke of York, afterwards James II., opposes introduction of the penny post,37;wrests it out of Dockwra's hands,40;suffers the clerks of the roads to retain their newspaper privilege,49Jamineau, Isaac, purveyor of newspapers to the clerks of the roads,300Jeffreys, Sir George, afterwards Lord, inflicts exorbitant fine upon Edmund Prideaux, son of the Master of the Posts,27Johnson, Edward, letter-carrier, improves the penny post,302;is appointed deputy comptroller,305Johnson, Dr. Samuel,209noteJones, distiller of Old Street, St. Luke's, his action against the Post Office,203Kent, post through the county of, more carefully nursed than any other,9Kenyon, Lloyd, Lord, when Attorney-General, gives receipts for fees in Post Office cases,325King's coach, deception practised on Walsingham in the matter of the,251King's messengers, their complaint against the Post Office on the erection of milestones,176Lambton, John George, moves for a return of the number of Post Office Boards,396Lancashire, the badness of its posts in 1699,60Le Despencer, Francis, Lord, postmaster-general from 1766 to 1781,221,226Leeds, salary of postmaster in 1792,293Lees, Sir John, secretary to the Post Office in Ireland, his testimony to the abuse of franking,191;having been transferred to the War Office, recapitulates conditions on which he accepts reappointment to the Post Office,221;recapitulation gives offence to Carteret,222;and leads to Carteret's exposure,226Lees, Sir Edward Smith, son of the preceding, also secretary to the Post Office in Ireland, his method of conducting business,369;deals in newspapers,373;his instruction respecting the alphabet,374;his difference with Freeling,381;becomes a director of the Dublin Steam Packet Company,383;is transferred to Edinburgh,415;his unauthorised surrender of the receiver-general's bond,415Leet, express clerk,373Leicester, the Corporation of, binds itself to keep post-horses for the use of the Sovereign,2;salary of postmaster at, in 1792,293Leicester, George, Earl of, postmaster-general from 1794 to 1799,326Letter-carriers, their pay in 1690,49;as late as 1772, none employed except in London, Edinburgh, and Dublin,197;are appointed at certain other towns,202;in London their interests suffer from the earlier closing of the Post Office,221;are put into uniform,299;the sufferings of some of their number during the winter of 1794-95,306;select their walks according to seniority,324;deliver letters according to classes, one class for general post letters, another for penny or twopenny letters, and a third for foreign letters,423Letters, on affairs of State originally sent by courier,2;particulars of, when sent by post, to be carefully recorded,4;letters on other than the affairs of State received at the post-houses,4;not, without the authority of the Master of the Posts, to be collected, carried, or delivered,6;notice that none are to be sent except through the post served on the merchants of London,9;letters detected in being illicitly conveyed to be sent to the Privy Council, and their bearers apprehended,10;what letters excepted from monopoly,18;are given precedence over travellers,18;circulate mainly through London,29;their mode of distribution,47;clandestine conveyance of,54;number of penny post letters for the suburbs of London at the end of the seventeenth century,69;letters for America and Jamaica charged with postage, although there was no packet service,78;clandestine conveyance of, stimulated by increase of postage,134;definition of single and double letter,139;Allen's injunction to check illegal conveyance of,165;are examined by means of a strong light,171,409,422;penalty for opening letters,171;letters containing patterns or samples, whether to be charged as single or double letters,177;right to make, on the delivery of letters, any charge beyond the postage contested,197;memorials for and against the earlier delivery of foreign letters in London,267;average number of letters for each foreign mail in 1790,268;treatment of dead and missent letters before and after 1793,308;return of the number of letters passing through the London Post Office submitted to the postmasters-general daily,324;made penal not only to carry letters, but to send them otherwise than through the post,335;on the delivery of letters, despite the decision of the Courts, a charge beyond the postage continues to be made,422;owing to the complication of rates, not possible to express the total charge upon a letter in one taxation,423Lewis XIV. assembles a squadron before Dunkirk,101;his delay in refusing to sign the preliminaries of peace,105Lichfield, Thomas William, Earl of, appointed postmaster-general May 1835,427noteLincolnshire, the paucity of its posts before 1705,61Liverpool, salary of postmaster in 1792,293;penny post established at,339;is opened as a packet station,386Liverpool, Robert, Earl of, mediates between Freeling and Lees,382;transfers the Falmouth packets from the Post Office to the Admiralty,399Lloyds supplied by the Post Office with ship news,218Loppinott, Colonel,321Losses by post, compensation for,38;when ceased to be given,188Lovell, Mary, receiver in St. James's Street, Lord Abercorn's complaint against,153Lovell, Thomas, Lord, afterwards Earl of Leicester, postmaster-general from 1733 to 1759,167;receives a threatening letter,183note;his loose notions about smuggling,238Lowndes, William, Secretary to the Treasury, takes charge of the Post Office Bill of 1711,124;overbears Swift, the solicitor to the Post Office,126;confounds gross and net revenue,145(325note)Macadam, John Loudon, introduces new method of road-making,392Macaulay, Lord, his account of the fine inflicted upon Edmund Prideaux, son of the Master of the Posts,27;his statement that a part of the Post Office revenue was derived from post-horses questioned, (39)Mackerness, Thomas, postmaster of Chipping Norton,163Macky, John, packet agent at Dover, proceeds to Flanders,102;receives a remarkable caution,103;having become contractor for the Dover and Ostend packet service, his boats engage in illicit operations,103;and bring news clandestinely,106;is commissioned to settle posts for the army, his excellent arrangements,107Maddison, George,205Magistrates, the duty of, in certain cases, to seize horses for the service of the posts,3,6;are enjoined to see that horses are procured at the post-houses alone,9Maidstone, excellency of the delivery at, in the seventeenth century,48;amount of the postmaster's salary,50Mails, hour of despatch of the, from the General Post Office in 1690,47;after 1784,220;cost of conveyance of, before and after the introduction of mail-coaches,290;are exempt from toll in Great Britain but not in Ireland,354;exemption withdrawn in Scotland,359Mail bags, curious instances of recovery of,337Mail-carts, mail-cart made of iron rifled of its contents,