their interview with Abercorn,154.[From 1725 to 1733 Carteret had for his colleague Edward Harrison, and from 1733 to 1739 Lord Lovell.]Carteret establishes a post to Aylsham,167Postmasters-General (V.) [Henry Frederick, Lord Carteret and, for the second time, Tankerville, 1784 to 1786], collect opinions on Palmer's plan and submit them to Pitt,213;entertain doubts as to its feasibility,218;their differences between themselves,221;their open rupture,223;Tankerville is dismissed by Pitt,224;his ungovernable temper,225Postmasters-General (VI.) [Carteret and Walsingham, 1787 to 1789], Walsingham's industry and thoroughness,243;questions Carteret's right to sign first,243;his preponderating influence,244;his habit of annotating and execrable handwriting,244,263;reduces packet establishment at Falmouth,246;is dissuaded from carrying out a similar reduction at Holyhead,248;is powerless to control the correspondence by the Milford packets,249;in conjunction with Carteret procures increase of salary for the clerks of the roads,250;is imposed upon in the matter of the King's coach,251;calls for the surveyors' journals,255;his correspondence with Chalmers,256;receives an unexpected visit from Palmer,258;detects Palmer's jealousy and endeavours to allay it,260;calls Palmer to account for acting without authority,263;exposes Bonnor's attempt at deception,265;Carteret's dismissal,266;Walsingham inquires into the solicitor's accounts,324Postmasters-General (VII.) [Walsingham and Chesterfield, 1790 to 1794], Chesterfield's playful allusions to Palmer,269;Palmer sets the postmasters-general at defiance,270;they seek in vain an interview with Pitt,273;receive assurances from Bonnor of Palmer's disloyalty,275;remove Bonnor's suspension and suspend Palmer,276;Chesterfield's letter,276;Walsingham's interview with Pitt,277;feel confident of their own dismissal,278;are furnished with evidence by Bonnor,278;have a second interview with Pitt and dismiss Palmer,279;contrast Palmer's reticence in official matters with Freeling's wealth of explanation,295;Walsingham attempts to improve communication with France,296;and to reduce postage on letters containing the second halves of bank notes,298;give attention to coach-building,393Postmasters-General (VIII.) [Chichester and Salisbury, 1816 to 1823], are called upon for a return of the number of Post Office Boards,396;address to the Throne praying that one of the two offices of postmaster-general be abolished,397;Salisbury stops his own salary, and on his death Chichester becomes postmaster-general sole,398;Salisbury's testimony to increase of stringency in Post Office matters,405Post Office, origin of its monopoly,7;monopoly confined in the first instance to the county of Kent,9;a Post Office opened in the city of London,20;dispute for its possession,21;becomes the subject of Parliamentary enactment,27;its position in 1680,39;is the only receptacle for letters in London,40;description of it,46;relations between the Post Office and the Treasury,57;the Post Office becomes unpopular and the reasons,170seq.;its retrogression,184;assumes a new character,202;loses monopoly of letting post-horses,205;Post Office buildings in Edinburgh and Dublin fall into decay,207;indignation caused by the earlier closing of the Post Office in London,220;this office enlarged,295;state of the Post Office as between the years 1695 and 1813 compared,356;the Post Office disseminates news,401;and police notices,402;becomes object of interest to the House of Commons,407;is cleared of more than a century of debt,408;a new post office opened in St. Martin's-le-Grand,410Post-runners,118Posts, paucity of, in time of Henry the Eighth,1;their close connection with the Sovereign,3;instructions for the regulation of,4;designed not only to carry the letters of the Sovereign, but for the use of persons travelling on the Sovereign's concerns,4;posts originally maintained at loss to the Crown,7;at the beginning of the seventeenth century only four in number,8;of these the post to Dover the most important, precautions taken lest this post should be used for designs against the State,9;decadence of the posts,15;improved by Witherings,16;to be self-supporting,17;thrown open to the public,18;let out to farm,25;rent paid in 1650,25;in 1653,27;in 1660,33;in 1667,34;in 1657 become the subject of Parliamentary enactment,27;their inadequacy to meet public demands,34;even where they existed, their existence not generally known,35;at what intervals they left London in 1680,36;regarded as vehicles for the propagation of treason,43;again let out to farm,58;resumed by the State,137;as late as 1728, not of general concern,152Povey, Charles, sets up a halfpenny post,121;contrast between him and Dockwra,122;his insolence,122;is proceeded against and cast in damages,123Prideaux, Edmund, takes part with Burlamachi against Warwick,21;rescues the mail from Warwick's servants,22;brings the imprisonment of his own servant before the House of Commons,22;becomes Master of the Posts,23;his activity,24;suppresses unauthorised post to Scotland,25;makes profit out of the posts and is called upon to pay rent,25;is dismissed,25;retains an interest in the posts,26;Oldmixon's estimate of his character,26;destination of a part of his wealth,27Prideaux, Edmund, son of the preceding,27Prior, Matthew, negotiates Post Office treaty with France,138Prior Park,185Prizes, practice observed on capture of,93Prosecutions, for the illicit conveyance of letters,333;measures taken to secure their publicity,359;return to the House of Commons on the subject of,422Protection order, specimen of,84noteQuartering of soldiers, a grievance to postmasters,51Quash, Ralph Allen's predecessor as postmaster of Bath,147Queen's letters, meaning of term in 1706,83noteQueen's servants not exempt from fare by packet,86Queensberry, James, Duke of,64Raikes, a diamond merchant, suggests the giving of receipts for registered letters,409noteRailways, prediction concerning,408;first mail sent by railway,412Ramsgate, cost of Post Office at, in 1792,293Randolph, Thomas, Master of the Posts to Queen Elizabeth,3Receiving offices, first opened in London,37;generally kept at public-houses,68;to remain open on six nights a week instead of three,196;letter-boxes at, to be closed and fixed,306;receiving offices for twopenny post letters separate and distinct from offices for letters by the general post,409,423Recruits, exemption of, from fare by packet,85;disputes with officers in charge of,87;packets employed for transport of,97Registration, exorbitant fees for, of foreign letters,233;amount of these fees in 1783 and 1784,235;receipts for foreign registered letters begin to be given,409noteReturned Letters.SeeDead lettersRevenue of the Post Office, surrendered by the Crown to the public, in part, in 1711,126;and wholly, in exchange for a Civil List, in 1760,189;amount of, from 1635 to 1694,46;in 1710 and 1721,144;in 1787 as compared with 1784,227;in 1796 and 1806,341;in 1824 and 1833,422Richmond, Charles, Duke of, postmaster-general from December 1830 to July 1834, declines to receive salary,413;his industry,413;becomes postmaster-general of Ireland as well as Great Britain, and reforms the Dublin establishment,414;contemplates, apparently, a reduction of postage,419Ripon, Post Office at, refused in 1713,151;in possession of one in 1792,293Roads, condition of, in 1691,65;during the first two decades of the nineteenth century,390;begin to be constructed on scientific principles,392;Macadam's plan for dealing with the surface of,392;difference between roads in the country and roads in the neighbourhood of London,394Rochester, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of, postmaster-general from 1685 to 1689,43,74note,110, AppendixnoteRogers, captain of packet, engages in smuggling,89Roof-loading of mail-coaches,287,412Rosencrantz, the Danish envoy, to be specially accommodated on board Harwich packet,87Rosse, Laurence, Earl of, postmaster-general of Ireland from 1809 to 1831,369,415Rotterdam, practice at, on arrival of the mails,174Royal boroughs of Scotland,208Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Post Office in 1787,227,230;in 1823,407;recommendations of this last Commission not carried into effect,420;another Commission appointed to ascertain the reason,423;this Commission procures the contract for mail-coaches to be thrown open to public competition,425Runners,118Rye-House Plot, the cause of a Post Office proclamation,43Sailors on board the packets, their conditions of service,83;receive pensions for wounds,85;their wages withheld,91;their wages increased,248St. John, Henry, afterwards Viscount Bolingbroke,211St. Leonards, Shoreditch, a second penny on penny post letters improperly charged at,203St. Martin's-le-Grand, opening of Post Office at,410Salaries.SeeWagesSalisbury, James, Marquess of, postmaster-general from 1816 to 1823.SeePostmasters-General, Part VIII.Samples.SeePatternsSampson, captain of packet,313Sandwich, John, Earl of, postmaster-general from 1768 to 1771,172;specimen of his frank, AppendixSandwich, John, Earl of, son of the preceding, postmaster-general from 1807 to 1814,348Sandwich, Kent, asserts its right to a free delivery,197;right admitted and letter-carrier appointed,202,293Scotland, tardiness of communication with, before 1635,16;communication expedited by Witherings,16;postage to Scotland,18;post to Edinburgh set up by the City of London,24;extent of correspondence with Scotland in 1690,53;Scotch posts placed under the postmasters-general of England,117;salaries of Scotch postmasters,118;course of post between London and Edinburgh accelerated in 1758,180,256;in 1765 posts to and within Scotland increased in frequency,195;Post Office in Edinburgh no longer habitable,207;internal administration of Scotch Post Office revised by Palmer,271;penny post established in Edinburgh,300;postage rates within Scotland raised,319;wholesale prosecutions for illicit correspondence,333;exemption from toll withdrawn and an additional postage rate imposed,359;unhandsome conduct of the road trustees,359;roads discoached,360Search, powers of, refused by the House of Commons,128Sebright, Sir John, his letter accidentally opened,333Secretary of State, clerks in the office of, compensated for the loss of the newspaper privilege,193Secretary of the Post Office, appointment of, created in 1694,70Secret Office,170,269Sharpus, postmaster of New York,111Sheffield, salary of postmaster in 1792,293Shelburne, William, Earl of,212Ship letters, origin of ship letter money,73;by means of the penny post evade full postage,73;number of, in 1686,74;pence paid upon, without legal sanction,119;legal sanction given,128;ship letter office established,328;rates on, increased and restrictions imposed,361;restrictions modified,362;made compulsory upon private ships to carry mails,362Ship news supplied by the Post Office to Lloyds,218Shipwrecked seamen pass free by packet,85Shrewsbury, curious reply to petition from, for earlier post,218Single letter, definition of,139Smart and bounty money,85Smuggling, on board the packets at Falmouth,89,238;at Harwich,91,237;at Dover,103;in the Dover mail-coach,271Soldiers' wives, when travelling supplied with money through the medium of the Post Office,374Solicitor to the Post Office, appointment of, created in 1703,70;an absentee and his duties performed by deputy,231;his accounts inspected by Walsingham's direction,324Somerset, Protector, superscription of his letter to Lord Dacre,20Sorters, pay of, in 1690,49Southampton, salary of postmaster in 1792,293Speed of post in Queen Elizabeth's time,4;in time of James the First,6;at the end of the seventeenth century,62;between London and Falmouth and London and Harwich, at the beginning of the eighteenth century,83;under Allen's contract,148;in 1765,187;after 1784,290;speed of Holyhead mail-coach before and after Telford's improvement of the road,394;of mail-coaches generally in 1821 and 1836,399,426Spencer, Lord Charles, postmaster-general from 1801 to 1806,333Spitalfields, a second penny improperly charged on penny post letters addressed to,203Sprange, James, postmaster of Tunbridge Wells,408Spring Rice, Thomas, Chancellor of the Exchequer,428Stage, inconvenience resulting from term not being defined,219;term dropped as unit of charge,318Stanhope of Harrington, John, Lord, Master of the Posts,10;resents what he conceives to be an invasion of his patent,10;dies and is succeeded as Master of the Posts by his son,11Stanhope of Harrington, Charles, Lord, Master of the Posts, son of the preceding, vigorously asserts his rights,11;vacillating decisions of the Privy Council,12;surrenders his patent,20;alleges cajolery,23Stanhope, Arthur, comptroller of the foreign department, his emoluments from franking,344;supplies newspapers with summaries of foreign intelligence,346Stanhope, James, Secretary of State,64Stanwix, Colonel,97State letters,83noteStaunton, John, postmaster of Isleworth; appointed comptroller of the bye and cross-roads,224Steam packets, first employment of, by the Post Office,384Stock Exchange, The, outwits the Post Office,106Stockdale, a highwayman, execution of,183noteStokes, William,245Stone, George, Receiver-General, a defaulter,185Stowmarket, its position and its trade unknown to Allen,157Strangers' post.SeeForeign merchantsSudbury, duties and salary of postmaster in 1690,50Sunderland, Charles, Earl of,89Surveyors, appointment of, refused by the Treasury,134;afterwards sanctioned,140;their original functions,134;their functions and emoluments after 1786,228;their journals,255,259;cease to hold postmasterships in addition to their appointments as surveyors,339Swift, Richard, solicitor to the Post Office, prepares Post Office bill of 1711,125;is overborne by Lowndes, secretary to the Treasury,126Tankerville, Charles, Earl of, postmaster-general from April 1782 to May 1783, and again from January 1784 to September 1786.SeePostmasters-General, Part V.Telford, Thomas, takes in hand the road between Holyhead and Shrewsbury,392;between Shrewsbury and London,393;other roads,409Thanet, Elizabeth, Countess Dowager of, undertakes to establish a penny post in Dublin,69"Thorough poste," 5noteThrale, Mrs.,209noteThreepenny post,340,417Thurloe, John, secretary, assumes direction of the Post Office in 1655,27;intercepts letters,28Thurlow, Edward, Attorney-General, afterwards Lord Chancellor; his opinion as to the duty of the Post Office in the matter of delivering letters,198,201Thynne, Henry Frederick, afterwards Carteret.SeePostmasters-General, Parts V. and VI.Timepieces, mode of regulating mail-guards',283Timesnewspaper, its priority of intelligence,347;its criticisms on Post Office procedure,348;proceedings against, taken by Freeling,349Tinware, supply of, to the postmasters-general,232Todd, Anthony, secretary to the Post Office; his correspondence with Benjamin Franklin,204;his indifference,218;comments upon Tankerville's temper,225;his compromising position in respect to the packets,240;his emoluments,240;his remark upon Bonnor's dilatory replies,264;devotes himself to social amenities,294;unknown to the postmasters-general, retains his shares in the packets,327;his death,327Toll, mail-coaches exempt from, in England and Scotland but not in Ireland,354;exemption withdrawn in Scotland,359Townshend, Horatio, Lord,64Townshend, Charles, deprecates alarm because a letter is sent by express,182Travellers, obtain use of post-horses under false pretences,5;are not to be supplied with horses except at the post-houses,6;paucity of travellers,15;are not to be supplied with horses when the post is expected,18;have to pay more for horses after the erection of milestones,176;their restriction to post-houses for a supply of horses withdrawn,205Treasury, its relations to the Post Office,57,416;refuses the appointment of surveyors,134;refuses a horse-post between Edinburgh and Glasgow,136;experience of its ways a bar to the suggestion of improvements,169;extorts blackmail,325Treves, Peregrine, the recipient of Carteret's bounty,226Tring, the postmaster of, opens a letter addressed to Sir John Sebright,333Tuke, Sir Brian, Master of the Posts to Henry the Eighth, his letter to Thomas Cromwell,1;his duties,2;explanation suggested of statement in his letter,4Tunbridge, salary of postmaster in 1792,293Tunbridge Wells, old-fashioned postmaster of, in 1823,408Turnpikes, condition of the trusts at the beginning of the nineteenth century,353;number of Turnpike Acts passed between 1760 and 1809,390Twopenny post, a second penny charged by Dockwra on delivery of letters in the outskirts of London,38;this second penny not legally sanctioned until 1730,143;the twopenny post thus established in one direction established also in the other,307;the penny post converted into a twopenny post,331;and the twopenny post into a threepenny one,340;the revenue of the twopenny post as compared with that of the penny post,341;the crowded condition of the twopenny Post Office in Westminster,410Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot, Earl of, opens the mails at Dublin Castle,53Uniform, letter-carriers put into,299Urin, captain of packet, makes wrong port,89Vanderpoel, packet agent at the Brill,92Vansittart, Nicholas, Chancellor of the Exchequer, insists upon mail-coaches being withdrawn from the roads,355;raises the rates of postage,356;changes the route of the Holyhead coach,390;refuses to get the terms of a hostile motion altered,397Van Vrybergh, Envoy Extraordinary from the States-General,101Venetian Ambassador, the, protests against the opening of his letters,28Vidler, his contract for the supply of mail-coaches terminated,425Village posts.SeeConvention postsViner, Sir Robert,70Wade, General,146Wages and salaries, of Post Office servants in 1690,49;