FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[1]Preface to l’Etat du Portugal, page 17.[2]Etat du Portugal, p. 267.[3]In the 37th volume of the philosophical transactions, No. 421, pages 199 and 201, there is a letter concerning diamonds, lately found in Brazil, byJacob de Castro Sarmento.[4]The dominions of Spain are denominated Old and New Spain.[5]Theodore Godefroy, in his treaty on the origin of the kings of Portugal.[6]There is a vulgar tradition relative to don Sebastian, whom some Portugueze believe to be still alive. This gave rise to lord Tyrawley’s laughable speech of “what can one possibly do with a nation, one half of which expect the Messiah, and the other half their king, don Sebastian, who has been dead two hundred years?” This tradition also caused another piece of pleasantry, which was attended by very dreadful consequences. The queen of Portugal, standing at the window, attended by her court, perceived a great water-spout rise in the air. “Ah!” laughingly exclaimed she, “here is the king, don Sebastian, returned amongst us.” “That cannot be, madam,” replied the counte d’Obydos, one of the first noblemen in Portugal, “since don Sebastian reigns over us at present;” alluding to don Sebastian Carvalho, the prime minister. Two hours after this ill-timed jest, the counte was imprisoned in the dungeon of St. Julian’s tower.—(See Dumouriez, Etat du Portugal.)[7]The Dutch and Catalonians.[8]The first assembly took place on the 12th of October, in the garden of Antonio d’Almada. The archbishop of Lisbon was not present at the opening of it, and the conspiracy was in a state of great forwardness before he made his appearance. Vertot is not always very accurate in his account of these different assemblies.[9]d’Acugna.[10]Don Sebastian de Mattos de Norogna.[11]Connestagio.[12]The conspiracy once formed, there was never any question of a republican government, nor of bestowing the crown on any other than the duke of Braganza.[13]Cardinal de Richelieu.[14]Ad hæc politicas artes, bonos et malos regiminis dolos, dominationis arcana, humani latibula ingenii non modò intelligere mulier, sed et pertractare quoque ac provehere; tam naturâ quam disciplinâ mirificè instructa fuit.Caetan. Passar. de Bello Lusitan.[15]Some authors say this question was asked by Paes, the duke’s secretary.[16]Sousa de Maceda mentions Almada as the preserver of the archbishop.[17]Don Juan da Costa.[18]Donna Maria de Lancastro spoke to the same purpose, though in still stronger language, to her two sons, don Ferdinand Teller, and Antonio Teller de Silva: “Go forth, my sons, go forth and fight for your country; and be assured, that did not the weakness of my sex prevent me, I would myself accompany you to the place of action, and either conquer or perish in so glorious a cause.”[19]Corregedor do Civel.[20]The king, kneeling down, took the coronation oath, in the following terms:—“I here promise and make oath, to rule and govern this kingdom, and to administer justice to the utmost of my power, with prudence, wisdom, and moderation; and to maintain the usages, customs, privileges, and rights of the nation, as they were granted and confirmed by the kings my predecessors, in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost!”The three estates, composed of the nobility, clergy, and people, then took the oath of allegiance. This ceremony was commenced by the archbishop of Lisbon:—“I swear,” said he, placing his hand on the new testament, “that I receive and acknowledge for my true and lawful lord and sovereign, the high, mighty, and great king, don John the IVth, to whom I pay homage as such, in the name of the whole body of the clergy.” The other members of the assembly took the same oath.[21]The king and the three estates took the same oath as had before been taken at the coronation; and the states-general acknowledged don Theodosius, the son of the duke of Braganza, as prince of Portugal, and lawful successor to the crown.[22]Mello, whom the king of Portugal sent into France on this occasion, was witty and intelligent; and speaking to the queen of France, the sister of Philip the IVth, he expressed his fear that his embassy must be painful to her majesty, since it tended to deprive the king her brother of a kingdom: to which the queen replied, “It is indeed a truth that I am the sister of his catholic majesty; but am I not at the same time the mother of the dauphin?”The queen, conversing afterwards with different noblemen who accompanied the ambassador, in the Castilian tongue, Mello took the liberty of asking why she had not addressed him in the same language? “From the fear of giving you pain,” answered the queen. “That would have been the case,” replied Mello, “had I regarded you as a Castilian, but as a great queen the effect would have been different.”[23]Olivares was perfectly well acquainted with thisBaëse, who having been extremely serviceable to him on different occasions, he had invested him with the honourable order of Christ. The Portugueze nobility, offended at seeing the order so degraded, could not help observing, “that the duke ought either to raise him still higher, or condemn him to the gallows.”[24]John the IVth was of the middle size, but not very well shaped. His hair was light, his eyes sparkling, his complexion ruddy and animated, and his countenance particularly pleasing. He was surnamed thefortunate, but he scarcely ever appeared at the head of his army; it may therefore be said of him, as Edward the IIId of England said of the French king Charles the Vth, sirnamed the wise, “that no monarch ever appeared so seldom in arms, or gained so many victories.”[25]HerWelchuncle,i. e.her father’s or mother’s first cousin.[26]See Memoirs of Fremont d’Ablancourt.[27]Memoirs of Fremont d’Ablancourt.[28]This event was not quite believed to be the effect of chance.[29]At Cintra, on the 12th of September.[30]Mr. Ferrand. See Esprit de l’Histoire, tom. IV. p. 181.[31]L’Art de vérifier les dates.[32]Henry, marquis de Ruvigny, who acted as general agent to the protestant nobility in France, went to England on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, where he was naturalized, and was made earl of Galway, which title he bore ever afterwards.James Fitzjames, duke of Berwick, was the natural son of king James the IId, by Arabella Churchill, the sister of the famous duke of Marlborough. Montesquieu observes, that the family of Churchill produced two men, one of whom was destined toshake, and the other tosupport, at the same time, the two greatest monarchies in Europe.[33]This defeat was partly attributed to the marquis de Frontera and lord Galway, having refused to admit the French refugees as officers in the Portugueze regiments, which obliged them to have recourse to foreign officers, for the regiments of cavalry and dragoons, which had been newly levied, to recruit the great losses sustained by the army.[34]This reply calls to remembrance the noble answer made by the cardinal de Fleury, (when bishop of Fréjus) to the duke of Savoy, who having passed the Var, at the head of a considerable army, entered Provence, and tried to induce the bishop to swear allegiance to him.“Your royal highness,” said he, “must be convinced that I shall never fail in my duty to Louis the Great, my lawful, and only sovereign; besides it is scarcely worth the pains to acknowledge your royal highness, for the very short time you will remain in Provence.”This proof of attachment being represented to Louis the XIVth, laid the foundation of M. de Fleury’s future grandeur.[35]He, however, took care to place a great collection of books in this convent; but Mafra being four leagues from Lisbon, this library could be but of little advantage to that city.[36]Quien de la Neufville, author of a well-written history of Portugal, being at that time at Lisbon in the suite of the abbé Mornay, ambassador from France, was consulted on this occasion by his majesty.[37]Dumourier’s Etat de Portugal.[38]See Dumourier’s Etat de Portugal.[39]See Dumourier.[40]In justification of so great an act of severity, the minister published a work, entitled,A summary Account of the Conduct and late Actions of the Jesuits in Paraguay; and their Intrigues in the Court of Lisbon.[41]The minister having strictly examined into the state of the manufactories, found wanting more than twenty very necessary ones. Those he afterwards established, of cotton, silk, and glass, occasioned the most violent disputes between the courts of London and Lisbon. See the administration of the marquis de Pombal, vols. 2 and 3.[42]This affair, we well know, has been differently related; but we prefer following the example of the author ofL’Etat de Portugal, and giving the same account of this transaction, which was transmitted by Monsieur Favier to the court of France.[43]A house of public entertainment, belonging to the foreign merchants, who that evening gave a ball in honour of the marriage of the prime minister’s daughter.[44]These were the terms employed in the warrant for securing their persons. Seeadministration of the marquis de Pombal.[45]He was condemned as author of two books, the production of a disordered imagination, which he wrote in the royal prison. The first, in Portugueze, was entitled,The Heroic and admirable Life of the glorious St. Anne; and the second, written in Latin, was called,Tractatus de vitâ et imperio Antichristi.[46]The royal edict for the banishment of the Jesuites is dated on the 3d of September, 1759.[47]Those who wish to be more particularly informed of the military operations of this campaign, and the reforms made by the German prince, count de la Lippe, may consultL’Etat du Portugal,by Dumourier.[48]The king having no male issue, the infanta Mary Frances Elizabeth, his eldest daughter, born on the 17th of September, 1734, became, according to the fundamental laws of the kingdom, heir to the crown. Several foreign princes wished to obtain her hand; but the king, desirous of pleasing his people, bestowed her on his brother, don Pedro. Seel’art de vérifier les dates.[49]The marquis de Pombal was on the point of going to London, where a house was already prepared for him; but the queen objected to his departure, and promised to protect him against the power of his enemies. On his death she bestowed all his titles and possessions on his son, together with the commanderies given him by Joseph the Ist. We are happy to find he has not proved ungrateful, the marquis de Pombal having attended her majesty to Brazil.[50]It is a known fact, that the Romans, unable to subdue Viriatus, caused him to be basely assassinated in the year 140 before Christ; and that 70 years before the Christian era, Sertorius was killed at table, by Perpenua.[51]Etat du Portugal, p. 216.[52]This slight sketch of the natural history of Brazil, is taken froml’Histoire générale des Voyages, par M. de la Harpe. The letter P. is the abbreviation ofPison, and the Letter M. ofMarcgraf; the figures mark the page in the Works of the said authors, entitled as follows:—Guill.Pisonis de Indiæ utriusque re naturali,Amst. Lud. et Dan. Elzev. in fol.1658:Georg. Marcgravii,Hist. Naturalis Brasiliæ,edit. in fol. Lugd. Batav. et Amst.1648.[53]This part of the account of the diamonds of Brazil is taken from Nicholson’s translation of Andrado’s Mémoirs, read at the Society of Natural History, in Paris.[54]The richest and finest diamond mines, however, are not the American ones; but are situated in Asia, in the kingdoms of Golconda and Visiapour, on the shore of the Ganges, in Pegu, and in the island of Borneo.[55]According to the above rule, the king of Portugal’s diamond, weighing 11 ounces, 5 gros, 24 carats, would, if perfect be worth 224,500,000l. sterling; but this diamond has many flaws, and is of a yellowish water.[56]See Journal Econ. 8 Oct. 1751.[57]This name is given by the French jewellers to a precious stone of a yellowish green. Mr. Lehman has given a curious and learned dissertation on this stone, inserted in the Mem. of the Acad. of Berlin. See the year 1755, p. 202.[58]See Bayle’s Dictionary.

[1]Preface to l’Etat du Portugal, page 17.

[1]Preface to l’Etat du Portugal, page 17.

[2]Etat du Portugal, p. 267.

[2]Etat du Portugal, p. 267.

[3]In the 37th volume of the philosophical transactions, No. 421, pages 199 and 201, there is a letter concerning diamonds, lately found in Brazil, byJacob de Castro Sarmento.

[3]In the 37th volume of the philosophical transactions, No. 421, pages 199 and 201, there is a letter concerning diamonds, lately found in Brazil, byJacob de Castro Sarmento.

[4]The dominions of Spain are denominated Old and New Spain.

[4]The dominions of Spain are denominated Old and New Spain.

[5]Theodore Godefroy, in his treaty on the origin of the kings of Portugal.

[5]Theodore Godefroy, in his treaty on the origin of the kings of Portugal.

[6]There is a vulgar tradition relative to don Sebastian, whom some Portugueze believe to be still alive. This gave rise to lord Tyrawley’s laughable speech of “what can one possibly do with a nation, one half of which expect the Messiah, and the other half their king, don Sebastian, who has been dead two hundred years?” This tradition also caused another piece of pleasantry, which was attended by very dreadful consequences. The queen of Portugal, standing at the window, attended by her court, perceived a great water-spout rise in the air. “Ah!” laughingly exclaimed she, “here is the king, don Sebastian, returned amongst us.” “That cannot be, madam,” replied the counte d’Obydos, one of the first noblemen in Portugal, “since don Sebastian reigns over us at present;” alluding to don Sebastian Carvalho, the prime minister. Two hours after this ill-timed jest, the counte was imprisoned in the dungeon of St. Julian’s tower.—(See Dumouriez, Etat du Portugal.)

[6]There is a vulgar tradition relative to don Sebastian, whom some Portugueze believe to be still alive. This gave rise to lord Tyrawley’s laughable speech of “what can one possibly do with a nation, one half of which expect the Messiah, and the other half their king, don Sebastian, who has been dead two hundred years?” This tradition also caused another piece of pleasantry, which was attended by very dreadful consequences. The queen of Portugal, standing at the window, attended by her court, perceived a great water-spout rise in the air. “Ah!” laughingly exclaimed she, “here is the king, don Sebastian, returned amongst us.” “That cannot be, madam,” replied the counte d’Obydos, one of the first noblemen in Portugal, “since don Sebastian reigns over us at present;” alluding to don Sebastian Carvalho, the prime minister. Two hours after this ill-timed jest, the counte was imprisoned in the dungeon of St. Julian’s tower.—(See Dumouriez, Etat du Portugal.)

[7]The Dutch and Catalonians.

[7]The Dutch and Catalonians.

[8]The first assembly took place on the 12th of October, in the garden of Antonio d’Almada. The archbishop of Lisbon was not present at the opening of it, and the conspiracy was in a state of great forwardness before he made his appearance. Vertot is not always very accurate in his account of these different assemblies.

[8]The first assembly took place on the 12th of October, in the garden of Antonio d’Almada. The archbishop of Lisbon was not present at the opening of it, and the conspiracy was in a state of great forwardness before he made his appearance. Vertot is not always very accurate in his account of these different assemblies.

[9]d’Acugna.

[9]d’Acugna.

[10]Don Sebastian de Mattos de Norogna.

[10]Don Sebastian de Mattos de Norogna.

[11]Connestagio.

[11]Connestagio.

[12]The conspiracy once formed, there was never any question of a republican government, nor of bestowing the crown on any other than the duke of Braganza.

[12]The conspiracy once formed, there was never any question of a republican government, nor of bestowing the crown on any other than the duke of Braganza.

[13]Cardinal de Richelieu.

[13]Cardinal de Richelieu.

[14]Ad hæc politicas artes, bonos et malos regiminis dolos, dominationis arcana, humani latibula ingenii non modò intelligere mulier, sed et pertractare quoque ac provehere; tam naturâ quam disciplinâ mirificè instructa fuit.Caetan. Passar. de Bello Lusitan.

[14]Ad hæc politicas artes, bonos et malos regiminis dolos, dominationis arcana, humani latibula ingenii non modò intelligere mulier, sed et pertractare quoque ac provehere; tam naturâ quam disciplinâ mirificè instructa fuit.Caetan. Passar. de Bello Lusitan.

[15]Some authors say this question was asked by Paes, the duke’s secretary.

[15]Some authors say this question was asked by Paes, the duke’s secretary.

[16]Sousa de Maceda mentions Almada as the preserver of the archbishop.

[16]Sousa de Maceda mentions Almada as the preserver of the archbishop.

[17]Don Juan da Costa.

[17]Don Juan da Costa.

[18]Donna Maria de Lancastro spoke to the same purpose, though in still stronger language, to her two sons, don Ferdinand Teller, and Antonio Teller de Silva: “Go forth, my sons, go forth and fight for your country; and be assured, that did not the weakness of my sex prevent me, I would myself accompany you to the place of action, and either conquer or perish in so glorious a cause.”

[18]Donna Maria de Lancastro spoke to the same purpose, though in still stronger language, to her two sons, don Ferdinand Teller, and Antonio Teller de Silva: “Go forth, my sons, go forth and fight for your country; and be assured, that did not the weakness of my sex prevent me, I would myself accompany you to the place of action, and either conquer or perish in so glorious a cause.”

[19]Corregedor do Civel.

[19]Corregedor do Civel.

[20]The king, kneeling down, took the coronation oath, in the following terms:—“I here promise and make oath, to rule and govern this kingdom, and to administer justice to the utmost of my power, with prudence, wisdom, and moderation; and to maintain the usages, customs, privileges, and rights of the nation, as they were granted and confirmed by the kings my predecessors, in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost!”The three estates, composed of the nobility, clergy, and people, then took the oath of allegiance. This ceremony was commenced by the archbishop of Lisbon:—“I swear,” said he, placing his hand on the new testament, “that I receive and acknowledge for my true and lawful lord and sovereign, the high, mighty, and great king, don John the IVth, to whom I pay homage as such, in the name of the whole body of the clergy.” The other members of the assembly took the same oath.

[20]The king, kneeling down, took the coronation oath, in the following terms:—

“I here promise and make oath, to rule and govern this kingdom, and to administer justice to the utmost of my power, with prudence, wisdom, and moderation; and to maintain the usages, customs, privileges, and rights of the nation, as they were granted and confirmed by the kings my predecessors, in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost!”

The three estates, composed of the nobility, clergy, and people, then took the oath of allegiance. This ceremony was commenced by the archbishop of Lisbon:—

“I swear,” said he, placing his hand on the new testament, “that I receive and acknowledge for my true and lawful lord and sovereign, the high, mighty, and great king, don John the IVth, to whom I pay homage as such, in the name of the whole body of the clergy.” The other members of the assembly took the same oath.

[21]The king and the three estates took the same oath as had before been taken at the coronation; and the states-general acknowledged don Theodosius, the son of the duke of Braganza, as prince of Portugal, and lawful successor to the crown.

[21]The king and the three estates took the same oath as had before been taken at the coronation; and the states-general acknowledged don Theodosius, the son of the duke of Braganza, as prince of Portugal, and lawful successor to the crown.

[22]Mello, whom the king of Portugal sent into France on this occasion, was witty and intelligent; and speaking to the queen of France, the sister of Philip the IVth, he expressed his fear that his embassy must be painful to her majesty, since it tended to deprive the king her brother of a kingdom: to which the queen replied, “It is indeed a truth that I am the sister of his catholic majesty; but am I not at the same time the mother of the dauphin?”The queen, conversing afterwards with different noblemen who accompanied the ambassador, in the Castilian tongue, Mello took the liberty of asking why she had not addressed him in the same language? “From the fear of giving you pain,” answered the queen. “That would have been the case,” replied Mello, “had I regarded you as a Castilian, but as a great queen the effect would have been different.”

[22]Mello, whom the king of Portugal sent into France on this occasion, was witty and intelligent; and speaking to the queen of France, the sister of Philip the IVth, he expressed his fear that his embassy must be painful to her majesty, since it tended to deprive the king her brother of a kingdom: to which the queen replied, “It is indeed a truth that I am the sister of his catholic majesty; but am I not at the same time the mother of the dauphin?”

The queen, conversing afterwards with different noblemen who accompanied the ambassador, in the Castilian tongue, Mello took the liberty of asking why she had not addressed him in the same language? “From the fear of giving you pain,” answered the queen. “That would have been the case,” replied Mello, “had I regarded you as a Castilian, but as a great queen the effect would have been different.”

[23]Olivares was perfectly well acquainted with thisBaëse, who having been extremely serviceable to him on different occasions, he had invested him with the honourable order of Christ. The Portugueze nobility, offended at seeing the order so degraded, could not help observing, “that the duke ought either to raise him still higher, or condemn him to the gallows.”

[23]Olivares was perfectly well acquainted with thisBaëse, who having been extremely serviceable to him on different occasions, he had invested him with the honourable order of Christ. The Portugueze nobility, offended at seeing the order so degraded, could not help observing, “that the duke ought either to raise him still higher, or condemn him to the gallows.”

[24]John the IVth was of the middle size, but not very well shaped. His hair was light, his eyes sparkling, his complexion ruddy and animated, and his countenance particularly pleasing. He was surnamed thefortunate, but he scarcely ever appeared at the head of his army; it may therefore be said of him, as Edward the IIId of England said of the French king Charles the Vth, sirnamed the wise, “that no monarch ever appeared so seldom in arms, or gained so many victories.”

[24]John the IVth was of the middle size, but not very well shaped. His hair was light, his eyes sparkling, his complexion ruddy and animated, and his countenance particularly pleasing. He was surnamed thefortunate, but he scarcely ever appeared at the head of his army; it may therefore be said of him, as Edward the IIId of England said of the French king Charles the Vth, sirnamed the wise, “that no monarch ever appeared so seldom in arms, or gained so many victories.”

[25]HerWelchuncle,i. e.her father’s or mother’s first cousin.

[25]HerWelchuncle,i. e.her father’s or mother’s first cousin.

[26]See Memoirs of Fremont d’Ablancourt.

[26]See Memoirs of Fremont d’Ablancourt.

[27]Memoirs of Fremont d’Ablancourt.

[27]Memoirs of Fremont d’Ablancourt.

[28]This event was not quite believed to be the effect of chance.

[28]This event was not quite believed to be the effect of chance.

[29]At Cintra, on the 12th of September.

[29]At Cintra, on the 12th of September.

[30]Mr. Ferrand. See Esprit de l’Histoire, tom. IV. p. 181.

[30]Mr. Ferrand. See Esprit de l’Histoire, tom. IV. p. 181.

[31]L’Art de vérifier les dates.

[31]L’Art de vérifier les dates.

[32]Henry, marquis de Ruvigny, who acted as general agent to the protestant nobility in France, went to England on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, where he was naturalized, and was made earl of Galway, which title he bore ever afterwards.James Fitzjames, duke of Berwick, was the natural son of king James the IId, by Arabella Churchill, the sister of the famous duke of Marlborough. Montesquieu observes, that the family of Churchill produced two men, one of whom was destined toshake, and the other tosupport, at the same time, the two greatest monarchies in Europe.

[32]Henry, marquis de Ruvigny, who acted as general agent to the protestant nobility in France, went to England on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, where he was naturalized, and was made earl of Galway, which title he bore ever afterwards.

James Fitzjames, duke of Berwick, was the natural son of king James the IId, by Arabella Churchill, the sister of the famous duke of Marlborough. Montesquieu observes, that the family of Churchill produced two men, one of whom was destined toshake, and the other tosupport, at the same time, the two greatest monarchies in Europe.

[33]This defeat was partly attributed to the marquis de Frontera and lord Galway, having refused to admit the French refugees as officers in the Portugueze regiments, which obliged them to have recourse to foreign officers, for the regiments of cavalry and dragoons, which had been newly levied, to recruit the great losses sustained by the army.

[33]This defeat was partly attributed to the marquis de Frontera and lord Galway, having refused to admit the French refugees as officers in the Portugueze regiments, which obliged them to have recourse to foreign officers, for the regiments of cavalry and dragoons, which had been newly levied, to recruit the great losses sustained by the army.

[34]This reply calls to remembrance the noble answer made by the cardinal de Fleury, (when bishop of Fréjus) to the duke of Savoy, who having passed the Var, at the head of a considerable army, entered Provence, and tried to induce the bishop to swear allegiance to him.“Your royal highness,” said he, “must be convinced that I shall never fail in my duty to Louis the Great, my lawful, and only sovereign; besides it is scarcely worth the pains to acknowledge your royal highness, for the very short time you will remain in Provence.”This proof of attachment being represented to Louis the XIVth, laid the foundation of M. de Fleury’s future grandeur.

[34]This reply calls to remembrance the noble answer made by the cardinal de Fleury, (when bishop of Fréjus) to the duke of Savoy, who having passed the Var, at the head of a considerable army, entered Provence, and tried to induce the bishop to swear allegiance to him.

“Your royal highness,” said he, “must be convinced that I shall never fail in my duty to Louis the Great, my lawful, and only sovereign; besides it is scarcely worth the pains to acknowledge your royal highness, for the very short time you will remain in Provence.”

This proof of attachment being represented to Louis the XIVth, laid the foundation of M. de Fleury’s future grandeur.

[35]He, however, took care to place a great collection of books in this convent; but Mafra being four leagues from Lisbon, this library could be but of little advantage to that city.

[35]He, however, took care to place a great collection of books in this convent; but Mafra being four leagues from Lisbon, this library could be but of little advantage to that city.

[36]Quien de la Neufville, author of a well-written history of Portugal, being at that time at Lisbon in the suite of the abbé Mornay, ambassador from France, was consulted on this occasion by his majesty.

[36]Quien de la Neufville, author of a well-written history of Portugal, being at that time at Lisbon in the suite of the abbé Mornay, ambassador from France, was consulted on this occasion by his majesty.

[37]Dumourier’s Etat de Portugal.

[37]Dumourier’s Etat de Portugal.

[38]See Dumourier’s Etat de Portugal.

[38]See Dumourier’s Etat de Portugal.

[39]See Dumourier.

[39]See Dumourier.

[40]In justification of so great an act of severity, the minister published a work, entitled,A summary Account of the Conduct and late Actions of the Jesuits in Paraguay; and their Intrigues in the Court of Lisbon.

[40]In justification of so great an act of severity, the minister published a work, entitled,A summary Account of the Conduct and late Actions of the Jesuits in Paraguay; and their Intrigues in the Court of Lisbon.

[41]The minister having strictly examined into the state of the manufactories, found wanting more than twenty very necessary ones. Those he afterwards established, of cotton, silk, and glass, occasioned the most violent disputes between the courts of London and Lisbon. See the administration of the marquis de Pombal, vols. 2 and 3.

[41]The minister having strictly examined into the state of the manufactories, found wanting more than twenty very necessary ones. Those he afterwards established, of cotton, silk, and glass, occasioned the most violent disputes between the courts of London and Lisbon. See the administration of the marquis de Pombal, vols. 2 and 3.

[42]This affair, we well know, has been differently related; but we prefer following the example of the author ofL’Etat de Portugal, and giving the same account of this transaction, which was transmitted by Monsieur Favier to the court of France.

[42]This affair, we well know, has been differently related; but we prefer following the example of the author ofL’Etat de Portugal, and giving the same account of this transaction, which was transmitted by Monsieur Favier to the court of France.

[43]A house of public entertainment, belonging to the foreign merchants, who that evening gave a ball in honour of the marriage of the prime minister’s daughter.

[43]A house of public entertainment, belonging to the foreign merchants, who that evening gave a ball in honour of the marriage of the prime minister’s daughter.

[44]These were the terms employed in the warrant for securing their persons. Seeadministration of the marquis de Pombal.

[44]These were the terms employed in the warrant for securing their persons. Seeadministration of the marquis de Pombal.

[45]He was condemned as author of two books, the production of a disordered imagination, which he wrote in the royal prison. The first, in Portugueze, was entitled,The Heroic and admirable Life of the glorious St. Anne; and the second, written in Latin, was called,Tractatus de vitâ et imperio Antichristi.

[45]He was condemned as author of two books, the production of a disordered imagination, which he wrote in the royal prison. The first, in Portugueze, was entitled,The Heroic and admirable Life of the glorious St. Anne; and the second, written in Latin, was called,Tractatus de vitâ et imperio Antichristi.

[46]The royal edict for the banishment of the Jesuites is dated on the 3d of September, 1759.

[46]The royal edict for the banishment of the Jesuites is dated on the 3d of September, 1759.

[47]Those who wish to be more particularly informed of the military operations of this campaign, and the reforms made by the German prince, count de la Lippe, may consultL’Etat du Portugal,by Dumourier.

[47]Those who wish to be more particularly informed of the military operations of this campaign, and the reforms made by the German prince, count de la Lippe, may consultL’Etat du Portugal,by Dumourier.

[48]The king having no male issue, the infanta Mary Frances Elizabeth, his eldest daughter, born on the 17th of September, 1734, became, according to the fundamental laws of the kingdom, heir to the crown. Several foreign princes wished to obtain her hand; but the king, desirous of pleasing his people, bestowed her on his brother, don Pedro. Seel’art de vérifier les dates.

[48]The king having no male issue, the infanta Mary Frances Elizabeth, his eldest daughter, born on the 17th of September, 1734, became, according to the fundamental laws of the kingdom, heir to the crown. Several foreign princes wished to obtain her hand; but the king, desirous of pleasing his people, bestowed her on his brother, don Pedro. Seel’art de vérifier les dates.

[49]The marquis de Pombal was on the point of going to London, where a house was already prepared for him; but the queen objected to his departure, and promised to protect him against the power of his enemies. On his death she bestowed all his titles and possessions on his son, together with the commanderies given him by Joseph the Ist. We are happy to find he has not proved ungrateful, the marquis de Pombal having attended her majesty to Brazil.

[49]The marquis de Pombal was on the point of going to London, where a house was already prepared for him; but the queen objected to his departure, and promised to protect him against the power of his enemies. On his death she bestowed all his titles and possessions on his son, together with the commanderies given him by Joseph the Ist. We are happy to find he has not proved ungrateful, the marquis de Pombal having attended her majesty to Brazil.

[50]It is a known fact, that the Romans, unable to subdue Viriatus, caused him to be basely assassinated in the year 140 before Christ; and that 70 years before the Christian era, Sertorius was killed at table, by Perpenua.

[50]It is a known fact, that the Romans, unable to subdue Viriatus, caused him to be basely assassinated in the year 140 before Christ; and that 70 years before the Christian era, Sertorius was killed at table, by Perpenua.

[51]Etat du Portugal, p. 216.

[51]Etat du Portugal, p. 216.

[52]This slight sketch of the natural history of Brazil, is taken froml’Histoire générale des Voyages, par M. de la Harpe. The letter P. is the abbreviation ofPison, and the Letter M. ofMarcgraf; the figures mark the page in the Works of the said authors, entitled as follows:—Guill.Pisonis de Indiæ utriusque re naturali,Amst. Lud. et Dan. Elzev. in fol.1658:Georg. Marcgravii,Hist. Naturalis Brasiliæ,edit. in fol. Lugd. Batav. et Amst.1648.

[52]This slight sketch of the natural history of Brazil, is taken froml’Histoire générale des Voyages, par M. de la Harpe. The letter P. is the abbreviation ofPison, and the Letter M. ofMarcgraf; the figures mark the page in the Works of the said authors, entitled as follows:—Guill.Pisonis de Indiæ utriusque re naturali,Amst. Lud. et Dan. Elzev. in fol.1658:Georg. Marcgravii,Hist. Naturalis Brasiliæ,edit. in fol. Lugd. Batav. et Amst.1648.

[53]This part of the account of the diamonds of Brazil is taken from Nicholson’s translation of Andrado’s Mémoirs, read at the Society of Natural History, in Paris.

[53]This part of the account of the diamonds of Brazil is taken from Nicholson’s translation of Andrado’s Mémoirs, read at the Society of Natural History, in Paris.

[54]The richest and finest diamond mines, however, are not the American ones; but are situated in Asia, in the kingdoms of Golconda and Visiapour, on the shore of the Ganges, in Pegu, and in the island of Borneo.

[54]The richest and finest diamond mines, however, are not the American ones; but are situated in Asia, in the kingdoms of Golconda and Visiapour, on the shore of the Ganges, in Pegu, and in the island of Borneo.

[55]According to the above rule, the king of Portugal’s diamond, weighing 11 ounces, 5 gros, 24 carats, would, if perfect be worth 224,500,000l. sterling; but this diamond has many flaws, and is of a yellowish water.

[55]According to the above rule, the king of Portugal’s diamond, weighing 11 ounces, 5 gros, 24 carats, would, if perfect be worth 224,500,000l. sterling; but this diamond has many flaws, and is of a yellowish water.

[56]See Journal Econ. 8 Oct. 1751.

[56]See Journal Econ. 8 Oct. 1751.

[57]This name is given by the French jewellers to a precious stone of a yellowish green. Mr. Lehman has given a curious and learned dissertation on this stone, inserted in the Mem. of the Acad. of Berlin. See the year 1755, p. 202.

[57]This name is given by the French jewellers to a precious stone of a yellowish green. Mr. Lehman has given a curious and learned dissertation on this stone, inserted in the Mem. of the Acad. of Berlin. See the year 1755, p. 202.

[58]See Bayle’s Dictionary.

[58]See Bayle’s Dictionary.

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