Seals PinnipediaSea elephant Macrorhinus leoninusSea-leopard Stenorhynchus leptonyaxWeddell seal Leptonychotes weddelliCrab-eater seal Lobodon carcinophagusRoss seal Ommatophoca rossiWhales and Dolphins CetaceaRorqual, finner, or blue whale Balaenoptera sibbaldiKiller whale Orca gladiator
APPENDIX VMedical Reports
Western Base (Queen Mary Land)by S. E. Jones, M.B., CH.M.There was a very marked absence of serious illness during the wholeperiod of our stay at the Base. After the 'Aurora' left Adelie Landon January 19, 1912, for her western cruise, an epidemic of influenzabroke out. It should be noted that one case occurred on the voyagesouth from Hobart, and then an interval of almost a month occurredbefore the infection spread. An interesting feature of the outbreakwas the fact that the recovery of those who were convalescing, whenwe arrived at Queen Mary Land, was much more rapid than was the casewith those whose convalescence occurred on the Ship.By the careful use of snow-goggles during the summer, snow-blindnesswas practically prevented, and such cases as occurred yielded quicklywhen zinc and cocaine tablets were used and the eyes obtained rest.An undoubted factor in the causation of snow-blindness is the straincaused by the continual efforts at visual accommodation madenecessary on dull days when the sun is obscured, and there is acomplete absence of all light-and-shade contrast.Although frostbites were frequent during the winter months, immediateattention to the restoration of circulation prevented the occurrenceof after-effects, so that no one suffered the loss of any more tissuethan the superficial epithelium. The nose, ears, fingers and toeswere the parts which suffered first.Our supplies of food were excellent in point of view of variety. Sometinned onions were responsible for several mild attacks of poisoning,but these were not used after our first experience. There was no signof scurvy in any form.Hoadley, on one occasion, had an unpleasant experience. He was alonein the hut sleeping one night when he awoke to find the room filledwith smoke. On going outside he found that the chimney had becomeblocked with snow; as the fire was banked, the hut was filled with thegases from the imperfect combustion of the coal. It was three or fourdays before Hoadley recovered from his experience, having markedsymptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning.On my return from the Western Depot journey I found that Wild wassuffering from an attack of herpes zoster. The illness came on whilehe was out sledging, and he suffered severely from the pain andirritation.Beyond a few cases of minor illness, and one or two accidents, therewas nothing of serious moment to report.
Main Base (Adelie Land)by A. L. McLean, M.B., CH.M., B.A.Throughout the whole period of the Expedition—from December 2, 1911,to February 26, 1914—the health of the expedition was remarkablygood. Undoubtedly Antarctica has a salubrious climate, and it issimply because one returns in a measure to the primitive that such anideal result is obtained.The first thing to resist is the cold, and additional clothing is thefirst and adequate means to such an end. No one needs to be speciallyinured to a rigorous climate. If he has a normal circulation heimmediately reacts to a new set of temperature conditions, and in afew weeks may claim to be acclimatized. Most of the members of theexpedition were Australians, so that the change of latitudes wasrather abrupt but none the less stimulating and healthful.Appetite for food had suddenly a new piquancy, hard manual work wasa pleasure in a novel and wonderful environment, the intellect andimagination were quickened and the whole man embodied the mens sanain corpore sano. That is why illness was practically unknown for morethan two years; and, further, it may be said with partial truth thatin the high sense of physical and mental fitness he possessed for atime, lies the explanation of the proverbial desire of an explorerto return to the ice-lands.Regular monthly examinations of the blood were made from the date ofleaving Hobart in December 1911 until October 1912, with an intervalof about nine weeks between the first and second examinations. Thehaemoglobin or red colouring-matter went up with a leap and then verysteadily increased in amount during the winter months in Adelie Land.The blood pressure became slightly more marked, the weight increased,but as one might have expected, the resistance to ordinary civilizedgerms was decreased. With regard to weight, the maximum amount gainedby a single individual during a period of eight weeks was almost twostones, and every one became heavier by as much as ten pounds. Asclinical evidence of the loss in immunity may be quoted the epidemicof influenza to which Dr. S. E. Jones referred. As well, it was notedthat several members had attacks of "boils" during the voyagesouthward; in Adelie Land during 1912 there were two instances of acuteabscesses on the fingers (whitlows) and one jaw abscess. It appears asif, with its new and unbounded energy of function, the body attempts tothrow oft its waste products. Then, too, experimental observations ofopsonic index pointed towards the lowering of resistance, and, by theway, it was rather a remarkable fact that after a few months in AdelieLand, staphylococcus pyogenes aureus—a common germ in civilization-could not be cultivated artificially from the throat, nose or skin, ofsix individuals from whom monthly bacteriological cultures were made.Within the Hut, at a temperature which ranged from 40 degrees to45 degrees F., the number of micro-organisms continuously increased,if the exposure of agar plates at regular intervals (by night) gavea true indication. The organisms were staphylocci albi, bacilli, yeasts,and moulds; the latter overgrowing the plate after it had been for fortyeight hours in the incubator.Frostbites were common, but, perhaps for that reason, were not regardedseriously. No one suffered permanent harm from being frost-bitten,though in several cases rather extensive blisters formed and nails andskin were lost.Whilst the Hut was being built, minor casualties often occurred; thecommon remedy being to cover the injured part with a small piece ofgauze surrounded by adhesive tape; for open wounds will not healwhen exposed to the cold. The Greenland dogs had small accidents andailments which often required treatment.On sledging journeys snow-blindness was an affection which sooner orlater caught every one in an unguarded moment. That moment was whenhe ceased to use goggles if the light were at all trying to his eyes.Prevention came first, and then the "zinc and cocaine" cure.Adelie Land can only be regarded as an intolerable country in whichto live, owing to the never-ceasing winds. Usage and necessityhelped one to regard the weather in the best possible light; for thesake of a few hours of calm which might be expected to occasionallyintervene between the long spells of the blizzards. It is, therefore,with regret and some diffldence that I speak of the illness of Mr. S.N. Jeffryes, who took up so conscientiously the duties of wirelessoperator during the second year (1913); but upon whom the monotonyof a troglodytic winter life made itself felt. It is my hope that heis fast recovering his former vigour and enthusiasm.**So many miles of sledging were done at both Antarctic Bases in aclimate which is surely without a parallel in the history of polartravelling, the Ship was so often in jeopardy during her three maincruises to the South, that we feel the meagre comment should be madeon our providential return to civilization with the loss of twocomrades whose memory will ever be imperishable to each one of us.
** With the advent of summer, Jeffryes became normal, but unfortunatelysuffered a temporary relapse upon his return to Australia.—D. M.APPENDIX VIFinanceA General reference was made to the finances of the expedition in theIntroduction. Here is an extended statement which, more fully amplifiedwith a detailed list of donations, will be again published whenadditional funds have been raised to pay off the debit balance andestablish equilibrium.
GRANTS AND DONATIONSAUSTRALIA, January 1911: LAustralasian Association for the Advancement of Science, L1000;R. Barr Smith (South Australia), L100; Hugh Denison (Sydney),L1000; Samuel Hordern (Sydney), L1000 (subsequently increasedto L2500)........................... 4,000
LONDON, June 1911:S. Hordern (Sydney), L1500 (second donation); Roderick Murchison(Melbourne), L1000; W. A. Horn (South Australia), L1000;Lord Strathcona, L1000; Eugene Sandow, L1050; Imperial Government,L2000; Royal Geographical Society, L500; Lionel Robinson (Sydney),L250; C. D. Mackellar, L150; G. P. Doolette, L150; G. Buckley,L150; Lord Denman, L100; Madame Melba (Melbourne), L100;S. Y. Buchanan, L100 (later increased to L200); Daily Mail,L100;Messrs. Bullivants L100, &c., aggregating an additional L593.. 9,843AUSTRALIA, October 1911:Sydney: Government grant, L7000; collected by L.Professor David, L50; 'Sydney Morning Herald',L100; Professor David's own donation andlecture proceeds, L100............... 7,250Melbourne: Government grant, L6000; collected byProfessor Masson, L70............... 6,070Adelaide: Government grant, L5000; collected byMr. Piper, L250 (including Angus L100, Simpson L85,Scarfe L50).................... 5,250Hobart: Government grant, L500; collected, L55... 555Commonwealth grant 5,000________24,125Carried forward...... 37,968
LONDON, 1913: Brought forward...... 37,969Sir Lucas Tooth, L1000 (Sydney); Imperial Treasury, L1000;Royal Geographical Society, L100; S. Y. Buchanan, L100;Lady Scott, L100; Commander Evans, L100; other members ofScott Expedition and general subscriptions, L227....... 2,627Australia, 1913:Commonwealth grant, L5000; collected by Professor David(approximately), L50...................... 5,050Australia, 1914:Collected by Professor Masson (approximately), L80;G. J. R. Murray (Adelaide), L100; Sir Samuel Way, L50..... 230Collected in London, 1914.................... 10Total moneys donated L45,885
Assets realized and added to the fund:Sale of photos and newspaper articles, L490; saleof ship and materials, L3699; lectures, films, &c., L726..... 4,915Bills Owing ...... 5,932 5,932Assets to be realized:LIn hand.................. 560Owing .................. 340Anticipated sale of gear......... 570——1,470Debit balance............. 4,462Total cost ** of Expedition........... 56,732
There is therefore a deficit of L4462 to be made up by the royaltyon the sale of the book, lectures, donations, &c., and the cost ofthe publication of the scientific results, which will be approximatelyL8000, has yet to be defrayed.
** An estimate of the cost of the expedition should also takeaccount of donations in kind, which, as can be gathered, were numerous.Facilities offered by harbour boards and valuable assistance extendedin the matter of docking and repairing the 'Aurora', particularly inthe case of the State of Victoria, and to a less extent in New SouthWales.Then there were valuable contributions of coal, particularly by Mr.J. Brown of Newcastle (N.S.W.), Mr. H. D. Murphy (Melbourne),and the Lithgow Collieries Company.APPENDIX VII
EquipmentClothingWith regard to the clothing, the main bulk was of woollen materialas supplied by Jaeger of London. This firm is unexcelled in theproduction of camel's-hair garments and has supplied most polarexpeditions of recent years with underclothing, gloves, caps, andthe like. From the same firm we also secured heavy ski-boots,finnesko-crampons, and the blankets which were used at Winter Quartersat both Antarctic Bases. Some of the Jaeger woollens were damagedby sea water on the voyage from London to Australia and were replacedby Eagley goods; an Australian brand, which proved very satisfactory.The Ship's Party were outfitted with Kaipoi woollens (New Zealand).Outer garments were made up to our design from Jaeger fleece bytailors in Hobart. The suit consisted of a single garment, to be wornwith combination underclothing, and was calculated to meet therequirements of a severe climate.An over-suit of wind-proof material, which may be worn when required,is a necessary adjunct to woollen clothing. Such a suit should havethe additional properties of being light, strong, not readilyabsorbing moisture, and not affected by the cold. Burberrygabardine was found to possess all these properties, and two completesuits were made up for each man. One suit consisted of three pieces,whilst the other was made of two; the blouse-jacket and helmet of thelatter being combined.Furs, which were obtained from Norway, were restricted to sleepingbags, finnesko or fur-boots, and wolfskin mitts (Lapland).The outfit of clothing for the party at Macquarie Island and on theShip, respectively, differed from that used in the Antarctic. Warmertemperatures and wet conditions had to be taken into account, and sorubber boots, oilskins, and rubberized materials were provided asouter coverings.FoodThe food-stuffs were selected with at least as much consideration aswas given to any of the other requisites. The successful work of anexpedition depends on the health of the men who form its members, andgood and suitable food reduces to a minimum the danger of scurvy; ascourge which has marred many polar enterprises. Thus ourprovisioning was arranged with care and as a result of my previousexperience in the Antarctic with Sir Ernest Shackleton's Expedition.A summary which may be of possible use to future expeditions isappended below:In the matter of canned meats we had some six tons of the excellentAustralian article supplied by the Sydney Meat Preserving Company,Ramornie Meat Company (N.S.W.), Baynes Brothers (Brisbane), and theBorder (rabbit) Preserving Company of South Australia. For use onthe Ship three tons of salt beef and pork served to replenish the"harness cask," largely obtained in Melbourne from Cook and Sons.For a ton of sauces and pickles we were indebted to Brand and Company(London) and to Mason and Company (London).Of course fresh meat was consumed as far as possible; a number oflive sheep being taken by the 'Aurora' on each cruise. Some of thesewere killed and dressed after reaching 60 degrees south latitude andsupplied our two Antarctic Bases with the luxury of fresh muttonabout once a week throughout a year.One ton of preserved suet came from the firms of Hugon (Manchester)and Conrad (Adelaide).Almost all our bacon and ham, amounting to well over one ton, was ofthe Pineapple Brand (Sydney), and to the firm which supplied them weare indebted alike for the quality of its goods and for its generosity.Soups in endless variety, totalling two tons, came chiefly from theFlemington Meat Preserving Company (Melbourne).Fours tons of canned fish were supplied by C. & E. Morton (London).Variety in vegetables was considered important. We decided to reducethe amount of dried vegetables in favour of canned vegetables. Aboutsix and a half tons of the latter in addition to one ton of cannedpotatoes were consumed; from Laver Brothers (Melbourne) and Heinz(Pittsburgh). There were one and a half tons of dried vegetables.In addition, large quantities of fresh potatoes and other vegetableswere regularly carried by the 'Aurora', and many bags of new and oldpotatoes were landed at the Main Base. In the frozen condition, theformer kept satisfactorily, though they were somewhat sodden whenthawed. The old potatoes, on the other hand, became black and useless,partly owing to the comparatively high temperature of the ship's hold,and in part to the warmth of the sun during the first few weeks inAdelie Land.Canned fruits, to the extent of five tons, were supplied by JonesBrothers (Hobart) and Laver Brothers (Melbourne). This stock was ekedout by some two and a half tons of dried fruits, chiefly from SouthAustralia.The management of Hartley (London) presented us with two tons of jam,and James Keiller and Son (London) with one ton of marmalade.Of the twelve tons of sugar and half a ton of syrup consumed, all weregenerously donated by the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (Sydney).For milk we were provided with two tons of Glaxo (a dry powder) whichwas used at the land bases, and a ton and a half of Nestle's condensedvariety for use on the ship.Three tons of cereal meals, largely from Parsons (Sydney), wereconsumed.As one might have expected, the amount of flour used was enormous.In the thirteen tons of this commodity from Colman (London) there werethree varieties, self-rising, plain, and wheatmeal flour, encased instout metal linings within strong, well-finished cases of a convenientsize. Until required, the cases of flour were used to solidify thebreak-wind on the southern side of the Hut.Bird and Company (Birmingham) more than satisfied our needs in thematter of baking powder, custard powder, jelly crystals, and thelike.There was over half a ton of fancy biscuits of excellent quality andgreat variety, for which we were indebted to Jacob and Company(Dublin), Arnott Brothers (Sydney), and Patria Biscuit Fabriek(Amsterdam). "Hardtack," the name by which a plain wholemealbiscuit of good quality, made by Swallow and Ariell (Melbourne) wasknown, constituted the greater part of the remaining two and a halftons of ordinary biscuits. "Hardtack" was much appreciated as achange from the usual "staff of life"—soda bread.For sledging we had secured one ton of biscuits specially preparedby the Plasmon Company (London) containing 30 per cent. of plasmon.These, together with one ton of pemmican and half a ton of emergencyration prepared by the Bovril Company (London), are specially referredto in the chapter on sledging equipment.Butter was an important item; the large stock of two and a half tonscoming from the Colac Dairying Company (Melbourne). The butter wastaken fresh in fifty-six lb. blocks, packed in the usual exportcases. On the 'Aurora' it was carried as deck-cargo, and at the MainBase was stacked in the open air on the southern side of the Hut. Atthe end of the second year (1913) it was still quite good; a factwhich speaks well for the climate as a refrigerator. Of Australiancheese we used half a ton, and this was supplied in forty-poundblocks.The firm of Messrs. Cadbury, well known for their cocoa and eatingchocolate, supplied us with these commodities, and receive ourunqualified praise for the standard of the articles and the way inwhich they were packed. The total consumption was one ton of cocoaand half a ton of chocolate.The three-quarters of a ton of tea was donated by "Te Sol"(Guernsey) and Griffiths Brothers (Melbourne). In both cases thearticles were well packed and much appreciated. Half a ton of coffeewas used, partly supplied from London and partly donated byGriffiths Brothers.Rose's (London) lime juice, as an antiscorbutic, was mainly reservedfor consumption on the Ship. This lime juice was much in favour as abeverage.Other supplies, taken in bulk, and for which we are indebted to themanufacturers, are: one ton of Cerebos Salt, half a ton of Castlesalt, one ton of Sunlight Soap, our complete requirements in toiletsoap from Pears, candles from Price, matches from Bryant and Mayincluding special sledging vestas, and dried milk from the TrufoodCompany.Sweets, which were used for dessert and on special occasions, werepresented by the firms of Fuller and Batger of London, and by Farrahof Harrogate, &c. There were also small quantities of aerated waters,ales, wines, and whisky for each Base.** At the Main Base, at least,there was no demand for whisky until penguin omelettes becamefashionable.
** * Donated by Schweppes, Kopke, Burgoyne, and others.The smokers were well provided for by a generous donation of Capstantobaccos, cigarettes and cigars from the British American TobaccoCompany in London. At a later date, when our Macquarie Island partywas formed, the Sydney branch of the same firm met our added needswith the same generosity.There are many other items which have not yet found a place in thissummary which cannot be acknowledged severally, but for which we arenone the less grateful. Mention is made of the following: Horlick'sMalted Milk, Neave's Health Diet, Brown and Polson's Cornflour,International Plasmon Company's Plasmon chocolate and Plasmon powder,Bovril and lime juice nodules manufactured by Bovril Limited,Colman's Mustard and Groats, Flemington Meat Company's desiccatedsoups, Seager's meats, Nestle's nut-milk chocolate, Escoffier's soups,&c.The cooking range which served us well for two years in the Hut atAdelie Land was from J. Smith and Wellstood (London); others werepresented by Metters (Adelaide).The total supply of foods purchased and donated aggregated quite onehundred tons, exclusive of packing. Much of this was assembled inLondon. In Australia the Government Produce Department of Adelaiderendered valuable assistance.
TABLE OF FOOD-SUPPLIES FOR A TWELVE-MAN BASEThe following are the food requirements for a party of twelve menwintering in the Antarctic. It is our own store list, with slightmodifications where these are found desirable. The figures are basedon the supposition that unlimited quantities of seal and penguin meatcan be had on the spot, and, furthermore, are ample for a secondyear's requirements should the party be unavoidably detained. Thefare during the second year might be somewhat less varied, but wouldotherwise be sufficient. Health was, of course, the firstconsideration in this selection, but economy was also studied. Thequantities are stated in pounds weight.lbs.Meats, tinned—Corned beef, 216; roast beef, 72; roast mutton, 72;boiled mutton, 72; Irish stew, 216; assorted meats, 168, includingmutton cutlets, haricot mutton, ox tail, ox tongue, sausages, andbrawn; sheep's tongues, 288; special meats, 192, including rabbit,hare, duck, fowl, and turkey................... 1296Live sheep—16 sheep to be dressed south of 60 degrees S. latitude(weight not included)Suet, tinned—400......................... 400Bacon and Ham—Bacon in sides, packed in salt, 250; ham, 250... 500Fish, tinned—Salmon, 360; haddocks, 96; kippered herrings, 216;herrings in tomato sauce, 72; fresh herrings, 72; sardines, 300;cods' roe, curried prawns, &c., 72.............., 1188Soups, assorted tinned, 1152.................. 1152Vegetables, fresh, in wooden cases—new potatoes, 1200; onions,3601560Tinned—potatoes, 864; onions, 216; peas, 450;French beans, 450; spinach, 360; cabbage, 144; beetroot, 288;carrots, 288; parsnips, 144; turnips, 108; celery, 144;leeks, 72; champignons, 144; Boston baked beans, 144;tomatoes, 288..................... 3240Cereals and Dried Vegetables, &c.—Split peas, 112; lentils, 56;marrowfat peas, 56; haricot beans, 56; barley, 72; rice, 252;tapioca, 144; semolina, 56; macaroni, 56; rolled oats, 648;cornflour, 156........................ 1664Flour, including plain, wholemeal, and self-rising...... 4480Biscuits, &c.—Plasmon wholemeal, 1344; plain wholemeal, 560;assorted sweet, 560; cake tinned, 224; plum pudding, 224.... 1712Fruit, tinned in syrup—peaches, 288; pears, 288; plums, 288;apricots, 288; pineapples, 288; apples, 288; gooseberries, 216;cherries, 216; mulberries, 48; strawberries, 48; red currants, 48;black currants, 48; raspberries, 48............... 2400Dried fruits—Prunes, 112; apples, 112; peaches, 56; nectarines, 56;apricots, 56; raisins seeded, 224; currants, 112; figs, 224;dates, 112; candied peel, 56.................. 1120Sweets, &c.—Eating chocolate (chiefly for sledging) 504; assortedsweets, 168; crystallized fruits, 56; assorted nuts, 84..... 812Milk—as dried powder, 2400................... 2400Butter—in 56 lb. export cases, 1456.............. 1456Cheese—in original blocks or tins, 240............. 240Cocoa, Tea, and Coffee—Cocoa, 576; tea, 288; coffee, 288.... 1152Sugar, Jam, &c.—Sugar, 3584; jam, 1456; marmalade, 448;honey, 576; syrup, 288..................... 6352Sauces, Pickles, &c.—Tomato sauce, 180; Worcester sauce, 135;sweet pickles, 162; mango chutney, 81; assorted pickles(first quality) 216; vinegar, 210............... 984Cooking requisites—Baking powder (in addition to that inselfrising flour) 56; sodium bicarbonate, 1; ground mixed spice, 3;ground ginger, 4; whole cloves, 1; nutmegs, 2; assorted essences, 10;desiccated cocoanut, 12; mixed dried herbs, 2; dried mint, 6; driedparsley, 1; onion powder, 9; curry powder, 30; mustard, 30; blackpepper, 12; white pepper, 12; table salt, 784.......... 975Soap, &c.—Soap, 448; soda, 168................. 616(16 tons approx.) 35,699
Note. These weights are exclusive of packing. When high southernlatitudes can be reached within three weeks, fresh eggs may be takenwith advantage, preferably unfertilized, but care should be taken tofreeze them as soon as possible, and not to allow them to thaw againuntil required for use. It is advisable to take small quantitiesof whisky, ale, wines and lime juice. Matches, candles, soap, andother toilet requirements, kerosene and fuel are not reckoned withhere, appearing in a more general stores' list. Certain medicalcomforts, such as malted milk and plasmon, may also be included.Medical EquipmentThe medical equipment consisted of a complete outfit of Burroughsand Wellcome's drug's, dressings, &c., and Allen and Hanbury'ssurgical instruments. Sets, varying in character with particularrequirements, were made up for the Ship and for each of the landparties. Contained within the fifty-five boxes was a wonderfulassortment of everything which could possibly have been requiredon a polar expedition. There was in addition a set of Burroughsand Wellcome's medicines for the treatment of dogs.
Scientific EquipmentThe scope of our projected scientific work necessitated extensivepurchases, and these were amplified by loans from many scientificbodies and individuals.Instruments for surveying and navigation were loaned by the RoyalGeographical Society and by the Admiralty, while many theodolites,chronometers, and half-chronometer watches were manufactured to order.An assortment of oceanographical gear was generously supplied throughH. S. H. The Prince of Monaco, from the Institut Oceanographiqueof Monaco. Dr. W. S. Bruce made similar donations and supervised theconstruction of our largest deep-sea dredge. The three-thousandfathom tapered steel cables and mountings, designed to work thedeep-water dredges, were supplied by Messrs. Bullivant. Applianceswere also loaned by Mr. J. T. Buchanan of the 'Challenger' Expeditionand by the Commonwealth Fisheries Department. The self-recordingtide-gauges we employed were the property of the New South WalesGovernment, obtained through Mr. G. Halligan.The taxidermists' requirements, and other necessaries for thepreservation of zoological specimens, were for the most part purchased,but great assistance was rendered through Professor Baldwin-Spencerby the National Museum of Melbourne and by the South Australian Museum,through the offices of Professor Stirling. Articles of equipment forbotanical work were loaned by Mr. J. H. Maiden, Director of theBotanical Gardens, Sydney.A supply of heavy cameras for base-station work and light cameras forsledging was purchased; our stock being amplified by many privatecameras, especially those belonging to F. H. Hurley, photographer ofthe Expedition. Special Lumiere plates and material for colourphotography were not omitted, and, during the final cruise of the'Aurora', P. E. Correll employed the more recent Paget process forcolour photography with good results.The programme of magnetic work was intended to be as extensive aspossible. In the matter of equipment we were very materially assistedby the Carnegie Institute through Dr. L. A. Bauer. An instrumentwas also loaned through Mr. H. F. Skey of the Christchurch MagneticObservatory. A full set of Eschenhagen self-recording instrumentswas purchased, and in this and in other dispositions for the magneticwork we have to thank Dr. C. Chree, Director of the National PhysicalLaboratory, and Dr. C. C. Farr of University College, Christchurch.Captain Chetwynd kindly assisted in arrangements for the Ship'scompasses.Two complete sets of Telefunken wireless apparatus were purchased fromthe Australasian Wireless Company. The motors and dynamos were gotfrom Buzzacott, Sydney, and the masts were built by Saxton and Binns,Sydney. Manilla and tarred-hemp ropes were supplied on generous termsby Melbourne firms (chiefly Kinnear).The meteorological instruments were largely purchased from Negrettiand Zambra, but a great number were loaned by the CommonwealthMeteorological Department (Director, Mr. H. A. Hunt) and by theBritish Meteorological Office (Director, Dr. W. N. Shaw).For astronomical work the following instruments were loaned, besidestransit-theodolites and sextants: a four-inch telescope by theGreenwich Observatory through the Astronomer Royal: a portabletransit-theodolite by the Melbourne Observatory through theDirector, Mr. P. Baracchi; two stellar sidereal chronometers bythe Adelaide Observatory through the Astronomer, Mr. P. Dodwell.The apparatus for bacteriological and physiological work were got inSydney, in arrangements and suggestions for which our thanks are dueto Dr. Tidswell (Microbiological Laboratory) and Professor Welsh, ofSydney University.Artists' materials were supplied by Winsor and Newton, London, whilethe stationery was partly donated by John Sands, Limited, SydneyGeological, chemical, and physical apparatus were all acquired at theinstance of the several workers.Adjuncts, such as a calculating machine, a typewriter, and duplicatorwere not forgotten.**
** Acceptable donations of various articles were made by the firms ofLudowici, Sydney; Allen Taylor, Sydney; Sames and Company, Birmingham;Gamage, London; Gramophone Company, London; the Acetylene Corporation,London; Steel Trucks Ltd., &c.
**Through the offices of Mr. C. A. Bang we are indebted to "DeForenede Dampskibsselskab," of Copenhagen, for the transport of thedogs from Greenland.
Apart from the acquisition of the instruments, there were longpreparations to be made in the arrangement of the scientific programmeand in the training of the observers. In this department theExpedition was assisted by many friends.Thus Professor W. A. Haswell (Biology), Professor T. W. EdgeworthDavid (Geology), and Mr. H. A. Hunt (Meteorology), each drew upinstructions relating to his respective sphere. Training inastronomical work at the Melbourne Observatory was supervised byMr. P. Baracchi, Director, and in magnetic work by the Departmentof Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institute (Director, Dr. L. A.Bauer). Further, in the subject of magnetics, we have to thankespecially Mr. E. Kidston of the Carnegie Institute for fieldtuition, and Mr. Baldwin of the Melbourne Observatory fordemonstrations in the working of the Eschenhagen magnetographs.Professor J. A. Pollock gave us valuable advice on wireless andother physical subjects. At the Australian Museum, Sydney, Mr.Hedley rendered assistance in the zoological preparations. In theconduct of affairs we were assisted on many occasions by Messrs. W.S. Dun (Sydney), J. H. Maiden (Sydney), Robert Hall (Hobart), G.H. Knibbs (Melbourne),and to the presidents and members of thecouncils of the several Geographical Societies in Australia—as well,of course, as to those of the Royal Geographical Society, London.In conclusion, the proffered, disinterested help, of all the aboveand many other friends contrived to make our scientific equipmentwell-nigh complete and eminently up-to-date.INDEXAbrasion effects of drift snow,Abruzzi expedition 1900, rationsAbsolute Hut, theAcetylene Corporation, London, (note)Adare, CapeAdelaide Island.........University'Adelie Blizzard'........Land;the main base at; glaciation of; hurricanes of; Wilkes'account of; the Hut; drifts; wireless installation at;clothing for; Empire Day in; temperaturesAdmiralty RangeAerial Cove, depotAeroplane sledge. See Air-tractor sledgeAinsworth, G F.,"Life on Macquarie Island;" "A Land of Storm and Mist,""Through Another Year;" picked up by the 'Aurora',the home journey; account ofAir-tractor sledge, the;Aladdin's Cave;AlbatrossAlden, Cape,Alexander I Island,Alexandra, QueenAllen and Hanbury, Messrs.Alligator Nunatak.'Amakura', theAmerican expedition under Wilkes........ Quadrant, the, accessibility; whaling industry inAmundsen, Captain; sledging dogs presented by..........dogAnchor RockAnemobiagraph, theAnemometersAnemones, preservation ofAngas Mr. C."Annie Hill,"Antarctic theory of distribution of floraAntarctica, history of discovery'Anthology of Australian Verse, An'Anthony, Messrs., of Melbourne'Archibald Russell', theArnott Bros., Messrs.Asia, Southern, wind velocities'Astrolabe', D'Urville's journey in theAstronomer Royal, theAstronomical Hut, the"Atmospherics,"Auckland Islands'Aurora', the S.Y. plan and section; adaptation and fitting out;from Macquarie Island to Adelie Land; the first ice; landing ofcargo at main base; new lands; food carried by the; return of the;observations secured on the; deep-sea soundings; at Macquarie Island;arrival at Port Lyttleton; at Melbourne; second deep-sea cruise;departure from Hobart, Christmas; visit to the main base, Adelie Land;reception by Wild; relief of Wild's party; arrival in Hobart; papersbrought by the; stores laid at Caroline Cove; visits to MacquarieIsland; at Dunedin; leaves Hobart on Southern trip to bring back thetwo parties; wireless communication with; the Homeward Cruise; listof ship's officers.........PeakAuroral phenomenaAustralasian Association for Advancement of Science,Australian ensign hoistedAvalanche RocksAvalanches,~Azimuth Hill;memorial cross onBacteriology, work of the expedition,Bage, R., at the main base; work at the hut; the tide-gauge;transit house; food experiences; search for the dogs;with the Southern Sledging Party; return to the hut;on building a tent; snow-blindness; return to Aladdin's Cave;note left by, at Cathedral Grotto; return from the south;visit to the 'Aurora'; the relief expedition; winter work;wireless work; magnetograph records; the home journey;account ofBaldwin, Mr.Baldwin-Spencer, ProfessorBalleny IslandsJohnBang, C. A. (note)Baracchi, Mr. P.Barometer, movements of the"Barrier," the, at the Winter Quarters"Barrier-formations,"Barron, Lady........Sir HarryBarr-Smith, Mount......Mr. RobertBasilisk, dogBass StraitBates, Mr. D. C.; request for weather reportsBatger, Messrs.Bauer, Dr. L. A.Mr., Sealer at Macquarie IslandBaynes Bros., Messrs."Beaufort scale" of wind-pressureBelgian Antarctic expeditionBellingshausen, expedition of 1821"Benzine Hut,"BergschrundBetli, dogBickerton, F. H., at main base; work at the hut; erection of thewireless installation; food experiences; "bus driver";the air-tractor sledge; the Western sledging expedition;on tent pitching; his birthday; the relief party; winter workat the hut; wireless work; dredge constructed by; the home journey;account ofBiology, work of the expeditionBird & Coy, Messrs.Birds, Antarctic, weight in relation to wing areasBirthday CampBiscoe Island........John, workBishop and Clerk, isletBlack SundayBlair, J. H., Chief Officer on the 'Aurora'Blake, Cape...... L R., work on Macquarie Island; visit to Sandy Bay;accident to; visits to Lusitania Bay; photographs taken byvisits to the 'Aurora'; specimens obtained; sheepkilling;the home journey; account ofBlizzard, puppy.........the'Blizzard, The', poemBlood-pressure, observations by McLean,"Blue Billys,""Board-sliding,"Bollons, CaptainBorchgrevinckBorda, CapeBorder (Rabbit) Preserving Coy.Bovril Coy., theBrand & Coy., Messrs.Bridge-playing at Western BaseBristow, CaptainBritish Antarctic expeditionBritish ExpeditionBritish Meteorological Office"Brothers (The),"Brown, Mr. JohnBrown & Polson, Messrs.Bruce, Dr. W. S.........RiseBruni IslandBryant & May, Messrs.Buchanan, Mr. J. Y.;..........S. Y.Buckley, Mr. G.Budd Land;Buenos AyresBull, H. J.Bullivant, Messrs.Burberry, theBurroughs & Wellcome, Messrs.Buzzacott, Messrs.Cadbury, Messrs.Camp CoveCampbell & Sons, Messrs.Camping"Cannonading,"Canterbury Museum, ChristchurchCape TownCarbohydrates, definition of the term (note)Cardiff to Hobart, the journeyCarnegie InstituteCarnley HarbourCaroline Cove, Macquarie IslandCarr, CapeCaruso, dogCastor, dogCat, wildCatch Me CaveCathedral Grotto, the'Challenger' expeditionCharcot, Jean.........LandChetwynd, CaptainChocolate as barterChree, Dr. C.,Christchurch, New Zealand...........Magnetic Observatory'Christmas Carol, A'...........Day, Dr. Mawson's; with the Southern Sledging Party;Madigan's account; with Bickerton's party; at Hobart;with Wild's party; with S. E. Jones's party;Ainsworth's account; on the homeward journeyChun, Professor, of LeipsicClose, J. H., at Main Base; at Aladdin's Cave; journey to the West;and the Near Eastern Party; journey to Commonwealth Bay;return from the East; back to Australia; account ofClothing for the expeditionClyde, wreck of theCoal-supply, difficulties ofCoats LandCocoa, value of,Colac Dairying Coy.Colman, Messrs.Colonel, dogColonial Sugar Refining Coy.Commonwealth Bay.............Fisheries Department.............Meteorological Department.............Weather Bureau, reports toCormorant. See ShagCompass, variations of the; the bearing of the sun and themagnetic needle comparedConrad, Messrs.Cook, Captain JamesCopenhagenCoronae, lunarCorrell, P. E., at Main Base; and the tide-gauge;production of 'The Washerwoman's Secret;the Eastern Coastal Party; at Horn Bluff,the search party; return to Australia;photographs taken by; the homeward journey;account of.........NunatakCote ClarieCrampons, use ofCrippen, dogCrown Fuel Company, briquettes'Daily Graphic'.......'Mail'Dallman, EduardDanish Geographical SocietyDarwin, CharlesDavid Island......Professor T. W. EdgeworthDavis, Captain J. K., appointment; arrival at Hobart; work of stowage;the journey to Macquarie Island; voyage in the Nimrod;at Macquarie Island; events on board; narrative quoted; returnof the 'Aurora'; his decision regarding Wild's party; "The Ship'sStory"; mission to London; visits to Macquarie Island;the homeward cruise; account of.......Captain James, of Hobart, joins the 'Aurora'; efforts to recovership's lost chain; account of.......Sea"DeadBeat Gully,"Deakin, Hon. AlfredDeclination of the magnetic needleDecouverte, CapeDelay PointDenison, Cape;..........Mr. HughDenman Glacier, the........Lord, messages to Antarctica; FinanceDenny, Mr., visit to MacquarieD'Entrecasteaux ChannelDepot BayDepots maintained by the New Zealand GovernmentDerwent River, the;DieteticsDisappointment Island'Discovery', voyage of the...........CapeDixson IslandMr. HughDodwell, Mr. P.Dogs for the expedition, journey to Hobart; at the hut; harness for the;food for the; at Aladdin's Cave; with the sledging parties;the lost; used for food; presented to the 'Aurora' by Amundsen;with the Western Party; pups; quarrelsDolerite (note)Dominion Meteorological OfficeDoolette, Mr. G. P.Dovers, G., member of Wild's party; depot-laying party formed;surveying work; at Haswell Island; account of'Drake', H.M.S., wireless communication withDrift gauge, aDrift snow; abrasion effects of; electrical effects ofDrygalski Island (note)..........Professor;DucksDun, W.S.'Dundonald', barqueDunedinD'Urville Sea;'Eagle' Cave........schooner, wreckEarthquake shocks at Macquarie IslandEastern Barrier........Coastal Party, formation; account of, by Madigan;instruments cached byEclipse, lunar,Eitel, Mr. C. C.Elder, Mr........Mount'Eliza Scott', theEmpire Day, at the Western Base; on Adelie Land'Encyclopaedia Britannica', use of'Endeavour', theEnderby Island........LandEquinox, effects of theEquipment of the expeditionErebus Cove"Erratics,"Esperance, PortEsquimaux, dogs of the; method with snow-blindness,EuphausiaEvans, CommanderEvensen, work ofFarr, Dr. C. C.Fallieres Land'Fantome', H.M.S.Far-Eastern Party, the; the return ofFarrah, Messrs.Fats, definition of term, (note)"Feather Bed" terraceFiala, quotedFigure of Eight IslandFilchner, WilhelmFinance of the expeditionFinnesko footwearFisher, Hon. Andrew,........wireless message toFishingFix, dogFlag depotFlagstaff Point, Carnley HarbourFlemington Meat Preserving Coy.Fletcher, F. D.Flora, Antarctic, theories concerning'Flying Fish', the........Fox, working of theFlynn, Professor T. T.Foehn effectFood, for sledging journey, dietetics; rations; items;table of suppliesFram, dog......voyage of theFranklin, dogFreshfield, CapeFuller, Messrs.Fusilier, dogGadget, dogGamage, Messrs (note)'Gauss', expedition of theGaussbergGeographical results of the expeditionGeological work of the expeditionGeorge, dog........V, King, wireless message to,Georgia, South;Gerlache, Adrien de..........CapeGerman Scientific Expedition; expedition of 1902, see GaussGillies, F., chief engineer of the 'Aurora'.........NunataksGinger, dog......Bitch, dog,Glacier, the continental,Glacier-ice, structural compositionGlacier-tonguesGlaciology, work of the expeditionGlaxoGlovesGoggles for snow-blindnessGolf at Western BaseGracht, Mr. Van Waterschoot van der'Grafton', wreck of theGraham's LandGramophone Coy., London, (note)GrampusesGrandmother, dogGray, Cape......P., second officer 'Aurora'Great Australian Bight.....Britain, Antarctic Expeditions.....Ross Barrier;Greely expedition of 1882Green ValleyGreenland, dogs from..........pupGreenwich ObservatoryGriffiths Brothers, Messrs."Grottoes (The)," the hut at the Western Base, building; returnof the sledging party; entrance and tunnels; the igloo;clearing the tunnels; return of the Western depot party;preparations for the Eastern summer journey; return of Wild;distances from; return of Jones's party; the flagstaffGuano depositsGulls, Dominican or black backed.......skuaHaines, Mr., taxidermistHaldane, dogHall, RobertHalligan, Mr. G.Hamilton, H., life at Macquarie Island; visits to Sandy Bay;biological work; reception of the 'Aurora';erection of the tide gauge; a dinghy for; visits toLusitania Bay; photographs by; home journey; account of.........MountHangarHannan, W. H., at Main Base; work at the hut; wireless work;the drift gauge; as magnetician; working of the air-tractorsledge; the wireless at Winter Quarters; return to Australia;account ofHarbour Board, HobartHarness, sledging,Harrisson, C. T.; member of Wild's party; visit to the capsized berg,account; Hippo depot; meteorological work at The Grottoes;included in the Eastern summer journey; winch contrived by;accountHartley, Messrs.Hasselborough Bay..............CaptainHaswell Island............Professor W. A.Hedley, Mr. C.Heinz, Messrs.Helen GlacierHenderson, Professor G. C..Henderson IslandHens, Cape'Hinemoa', rescue by'Hints to Travellers'Hippo NunatakHoadley, C. A., member Wild's party; party to lay depot formed;main western journey starting November; geological work;at Haswell Island; accountHobartHodgeman, A. J., at Main Base; work at hut; Near Eastern Party;the cairn; return to the hut; journey of the Near EasternParty; trip to Aladdin's Cave; on tent-pitching; investigationof snow ramp; the relief party; winter work at the hut;journey to Mount Murchison; the home journey; map of MackellarIslets; account ofHolliman, Captain,Holman, Hon., W. A.HooshHordern, Mr. SamuelHorlick, Messrs.Horn Bluff"Horn Bluff," by C. T. MadiganHorn, Mr. W. A.Hoyle, pupHugon, Messrs.Hunt, Mount......Mr. H. A.Hunter, Cape........J. G., at Main Base; biological work; parasitology;sledging; production of 'The Washerwoman's Secret';the Southern Supporting Party; expansion of the cave;return from the south; return to Australia; arrivalwith the 'Aurora'; fishing;the homeward journey;account of" Huntoylette,"Hurley, J. F., Main Base; camera work; observations; rescue of the dogs;production of 'The Washerwoman's Secret; the SouthernParty; the cairn;pitching tent; "Lot's Wife";the 'Christmas Carol'; snow-blindness; return from thesouth; arrival with the 'Aurora'; sledgingHurricane-walkingHut, the Main Base, temperature; tunnels; the nightwatchman's duty......Point, McMurdo SoundHutchinson, sealer of Macquarie IslandIce, Arctic and Antarctic compared; the first; pack-ice; bergs;structural composition"Ice floods,""Ice islands,"Ice-shafts, digging of"Icing-ship,"'Illustrated London News'Insect huntingJack, dogJackson, PortJacob & Coy., Messrs.Jaeger fleeceJapanese Antarctic expeditionJappy, dogJeffreys DeepJeffryes, S. N., wireless operator'Jessie Nichol', wreckJohn Bull, dogJohnson, dogJoinville IslandJones, Dr. S. E., autopsy on the dogs; member of Wild's party; partyformed to lay a depot on September; Wild's instructionsto; main western journey starting November; "Linkingup with Kaiser Wilhelm Land," account by; discoveryof Antarctic petrels; view of Drygalski Island; accountof; medical report for Western Base........Bros., Messrs.Journalists' AssociationJoyce, Mr. E., delivery of the dogs;Judge and Clerk, islet of; soundingsJunction CornerKaiser Wilhelm I Land, linking up with, account by Dr. S. E. JonesKangaroo IslandKeiller, Messrs. James & SonKelpKembla, PortKemp, work ofKennedy, [A. L.] member of Wild's party; attempted trip with Wild forthe minimum thermometer; Eastern summer journey; blocked onthe ice-shelf with Wild; observations; account ofKerguelen IslandKidston, Mr. E.King Edward V Land.....George V Land, naming of; mapKing' Birthday, at Western Base................IslandKinsey, Mr. J. J.Kite, work withKnibbs, G. H.Knox LandKristensen, LeonardLake-iceLamp, a non-magneticLampwick, uses ofLarson, C. A.Laseron, C. F., Main Base; biological work; collection of petrelskin; at Aladdin's Cave; production of The 'Washerwoman'sSecret'; the Southern Supporting Party; recordingWebb's observations; expansion of the Cave; journeyto Commonwealth Bay December 9; collection of eggsand birds; return from the east; back to Australia;account ofLassie, dogLever Brothers, Messrs.Lewis, Sir ElliottLithgrow Colleries"Lot's Wife,"Loubet LandLouis Phillippe LandLucas Sounding-machineLucas-Tooth, Sir RobertLudowici, Messrs. (note)Lusitania Bay;..........the, sealing boatLyttleton, Port, arrival of the 'Aurora'"M. H. S. Championship, " the startMac, dogMcClintock, expedition of 1850; rationsMackay, Dr. F. A.Mackellar IsletMackellar Library..........the Hon.C.D.McLean, Dr. A. L., autopsy on the dogs; at Main Base; electricalobservations; lines on 'The Blizzard'; erection ofthe wireless; observations regarding seals; atAladdin's Cave; blood-pressure, observations;at Cathedral Grotto; expedition of the Eastern CoastalParty; snow-blindness; at Horn Bluff; photographs takenby; return of; the relief expedition; winter work atthe Hut; founding of 'The Adelie Blizzard'; on illnessof Jeffryes; a wind episode; dredging operations;biological specimen; the home journey; account;medical report for Main BaseMcMurdo Sound, wind velocities, chart; the Scott expeditionMacquarie Island, the base at; "Life on Macquarie Island," by G. F.Ainsworth; "A Land of Storm and Mist," by G. F. Ainsworth;"Through Another Year," by G. F. Ainsworth;Macquarie Island Party, list ofMadigan, C. T., at Main Base; meteorological observations; at the Hut;electrical observation; spring exploits; journey to thewest, September 1912; sledging; the Eastern Coastal Party;return to the Hut; his account of the expedition of theEastern Coastal Party; "Horn Bluff and Penguin Point" by;depot of; visit to the 'Aurora'; care of the dogs; winterwork at the Hut; journey to Mount Murchison; the homejourney; account...........NunatakMagnetic Flat, the.........meridian.........needle, use for steering purposes.........Pole, North.........Pole, South, observations regarding the; Bage's search for;chartMagnetograph House; work of the magneticianMagnetometer, theMaiden, Mr. J. H.Main Base, Adelie Land, visit of the 'Aurora'; wireless installation at...........Base Party, list of; return of members to AustraliaMaori cabbage (Stilbocarpa polaris)......hens, see WekasMartelli, Mr., assistant harbourmaster, HobartMary, dog......Queen, message to AntarcticaMason Coy., Messrs.Masson Island.......Professor, efforts to raise funds,Mawson, Dr., plans for the expedition; party ofMedical equipment for the expedition........reportsMelba, Mme.Melbourne, arrival of the 'Aurora'; wireless calls; time signals from...........ObservatoryMemorial cross on Azimuth HillMen, choice of, for a polar campaignMertz, Dr. Xavier, appointment; at Hobart, care of the dogs; at MainBase; meteorological observations; skiing; cooking;at Aladdin's Cave; journey to the southeast, September 11;the Far Eastern Party; the return journey; illness anddeath; Bage's parting from; meeting with the EastwardCoastal Party; Captain Davis's inquiries after; messageto his relatives; account of........Glacier........Glacier-tongueMeteorology, work of the expedition; meteorological chart for April1913Meteorite foundMidsummer Day, temperatureMidwinter Day at Western BaseMikkel, dogMill, Dr. H. R., "Siege of the South Pole,".........RiseMinerals of Adelie LandMittsMollymawk rookeryMonaco, Prince ofMonagasque trawlMonkey, dogMoore, T. E. L.'Morning Herald', SydneyMorton, Messrs. C. & E.Motte, C. P de laMoyes, M. H., member of Wild's party; account ofMoraine, terminal, Adelie Land'Morning', the, British expedition,Murchison, Mount;...........Mr. RoderickMurphy, H. D., at Main Base; erection of the wireless installation;at Aladdin's Cave; journey to the southeast September 11;observations; formation of the Southern Supporting Party;return to the Hut; composition of party at CathedralGrotto; return from the south; visit to the 'Aurora';return to Australia; account ofMurphy, H. D. (senior)Murray, G. J. H.Mutton birdsNansen, expedition in the 'Fram'; 'Farthest North'; use of the primusstove,........dogNares, Captain G. S.National Museum, Melbourne.........Physical Laboratory, LondonNear Eastern PartyNeave, Messrs.Negretti & Zambra, Messrs.Nestle, Messrs.NeveNew Zealand, depots maintained by; flora of, theories regardingNewnes, Sir GeorgeNightbirds'Nimrod', the, voyages;Ninnis Glacier.......Lieut. B. E. S., appointment; care of the dogs; at the Main Base;clothing artifices; spring exploits; journeyto the southeast, September 11; the Far EasternParty; his death in the crevasse; Bage's partingfrom; flag planted by; Captain Davis's inquiriesafter; message to his relatives; account of"Nodules (The),"Nordensyold, OttoNorth, Cape.......East Bay;.......End.......HeadNorthcliffe GlacierNorth's LandNotothenia"Nuggets (The)"Oates LandObservation PointOceanography, results of expeditionOil, seal, methods of the sealersOrgan Pipe CliffsPack-ice;Palmer Archipelago.......NathanielParisitologyParsons, Messrs.Parties for sledging, arrangementPatria Biscuit FabriekPartridge & Twiss, Messrs.Pavlova, dog'Peacock', the;Peary, dogPemmicanPenguin Hill"Penguin Point," by C. T. MadiganPenguin rookeries;Penguins........Adelie........an Albino Penguin........Emperor........Gentoo........King........Royal........Victoria,Pennant Hills'Perseverance', thePeter I IslandPetrel RookeriesPetrels........Antaretic........Giant........Lesson's........Silver-grey or Southern Fulmar........Snow........WilsonPetrol, amount carriedPianoforte Berg"Piecrust"Pigeons, CapePiper, Mr.PlasmonPollock, Professor J. A.'Porpoise', thePosadowsky BayPossession NunataksPrimmer, Mr.Primus heater, thePrince Luitpold LandPrion BanksiiProteins, value of"Puffometer," thePunchQuarantine Station, HobartQueen Mary LandQueen's Wharf, HobartRabbits'Rachel Cohen', theRamornie Meat Coy.Rations, daily polar; for the Far Eastern Party; for the sledge journeyfrom the Western BaseRatsReid, Sir George,......GlacierRobinson, Lionel......Bay......anemometer, the"Rock Flour,"Rocks, effect of wind and rain on.......igneousRose Island.....Messrs.Ross Barrier......dog......Expedition......Port......Sea, theRoyal Company Island......Geographical Society.Royds, CapeRussian Antarctic ExpeditionsSabrina Land'Sabrina', theSails, value ofSt. Elmo's fireSt. Vincent's GulfSames & Coy.Sandell, C. A., Wireless work at Macquarie Island; cooking; lanternmade by; visit to the 'Aurora'; erection of thetide-gauge; sheepkilling; as barber; an accident to;telephone installed by; lamp made by; the home journey;account ofSandow, dog........Mr. EugeneSandy Bay, Hobart...........Enderby Island...........Macquarie Island"Sarcophagus," theSastrugiSawyer, A. J., wireless operator at Macquarie Island; visits to the'Aurora'; erection of the tide-gauge; leaves MacquarieIsland; visit to the 'Tutanekai; account ofSaxton & Binns, Messrs.Scarfe, Mr.Scientific equipment for the expedition,...........work of the expedition'Scotia', theScott, Captain, work of; voyage of the 'Discovery; voyage in the'Terra Nova'; rations allowed by; stay in Antarctica;at McMurdo Sound; the disaster to; on Macquarie Island,........Islands........Lady........the dogScott Expedition StaffScottish Antarctic ExpeditionSea, temperature, effect of snow onSea bearsSea-elephants; rookeries of theSeager, Messrs.Sea-iceSea-leopardsSealers of Macquarie Island; methods of theSea-lionsSeals......Crabeater......Fur......Hair......Ross......WeddellSewing-machine, Wild's need of aShack, theShackleton Expedition...........Ice-Shelf, the; establishment of the Western Base on;winter and spring on; Western Party blocked on,Wild's narrative; the 'Aurora' at...........the dogShagsShaw, Dr. W. N.Shelf-iceShell Brand benzine and Shell keroseneShoe Island" Shuteye," practice ofSignatures of members of land partiesSimpson, Mr.Skeats, Professor E., examination of the meteoriteSkey, Mr. H. F.SkiingSledge, the air-tractorSledging; preparation of equipment; wood for sledges; harness for;a load; campingSmith & Wellstood, Messrs........William, work ofSnow, temperaturesSnow-blindnessSnow drift, electrical effectsSnow gauges.....Hill IslandSoundings, Lucas automatic sounding machineSouth Australian Museum......Orkney Islands......Shetland IslandsSouthern Cross Depot, declination of the needle at.........Ocean.........Party; instruments cached by.........Supporting Party,'Sphere', theSpratt, Messrs., care of the dogsSteel Trucks Ltd.Stewart Island (New Zealand)Stillwell, F. L., at Main Base; geological researches; map of WinterQuarters; records; production of 'The Washerwoman'sSecret'; finding an albino penguin; the Near EasternParty; his sledge; pitching tent; journey of the NearEastern Party; the search party; return to Australia;account of...........IslandStirling, ProfessorStorm BayStrathcona, Lord............MountSun, the midnight; display of rings and arcsSuva, wireless stationSwallow & Ariell, Messrs.Sweep, dogSwiss Confederation Day.......the dogSwitzerland, the dog.Sydney, Wilkes's expedition started from; Cathedral of; wood from;the harbour; wireless communication with........Meat Preserving Coy.'Sydney Morning Herald', donationTasman SeaTasmania, hospitality of; soundingsTaylor, Mr. Allen"Te Sol,"TeaTemperature, Foehn effect; in Adelie LandTent-pitching; Bickerton on'Terebus and Error in Eruption'Termination Ice Tongue............LandTerns'Terra Nova', Scott's voyageTerrestrial magnetism, work of the expedition"The Steps"Theodolite, use of theTich, dogTide-gauge, Bage's; use on Macquarie IslandTides, work of the expeditionTidswell, Dr.Tiger, dogTooth, Sir R. Lucas.......Lady Helen—see Helen Glacier'Toroa', s.s.Totten's LandToucher, N. C.Transit HouseTrawl, MonagasqueTrawling, experiences of the 'Aurora'Tussock grass'Tutanekai', the, relief of Macquarie Island'Ulimaroa', s.s., theUmbrella aerial, use of theUnion Jack, hoisting theUniversity College, ChristchurchUrville, Dumont D', expedition under.........the dog'Valdivia' expedition"Veranda Club"Verran, Hon. J.Vickers & Coy., Messrs.Victoria LandVincennes, theWaite, Mr. E. R.'Washerwoman's Secret, The'"Watersky,"Watkins, Lieut., aviatorWatson, A. D., at the Western Base; attempted trip with Wild for theminimum thermometer; preparation for the Eastern summerjourney; blocked on the ice-shelf with Wild; fall intoa crevasse..........BluffWatt, Hon. W.Way Archipelago..............map......Sir SamuelWeather, the, as a conversational subjectWebb, E. N., at Main Base; care of the dogs; work at the MagnetographHouse; photo-work; magnetic ice-cave of; his first camp;formation of the Southern Sledging Party; observations ofthe needle; use of the theodolite; building a break-wind;the toasts on Christmas Day; sighting Aladdin's Cave;return from the south; return to Australia; account ofWeddell, James, work.........SeaWekasWellington, Mount.............wireless communication withWelsh, ProfessorWestern Base, the party at; winter and spring at the; establishment andadventures by F. Wild; the geological shaft; "The GlacierTongue"; Wild's party blocked on the Ice Shelf; linkingup with Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, account by Dr. S. E. Jones;medical reports fromWest PointWestern Sledging Party'Westralia', s.s.,WhalebirdsWhalesWhetter, Dr. L. A., at Main Base; the "Toggle King"; journey to the west;the Western Party; meteorological work; preparations forthe air-tractor sledge trip; his birthday; on tentpitching; investigations of a snow ramp; return; returnto Australia; account of"Whirlies,"Wild, Frank, the work at Hobart; working of the "flyingfox"; incidentson board; leader of the Western Base; the winter station onthe ice shelf; rations for the expedition; arrangements withthe 'Aurora'; return to Aladdin's Cave; his party at WesternBase; relief of; reception of the 'Aurora'; winter and spring;land mapped out by; blocked on the ice shelf, narrativeWilkes, discoveries of; charts; Knox Land,Wilkes's LandWillesden-drill, tentsWilliamstown, VictoriaWind, velocitiesWinds, Bay ofWinsor & Newton, Messrs.Winter quarters, Adelie Land.............Stillwell's mapWireless Hill, establishment of the station;.........installation range, in the Antarctic; report of Captain Davis;messages received by Hannam on the 'Aurora'; messages from,and to, Adelie Land; effect of ice on intensity of waves;work of the expedition; telefunken apparatusWorms, parasitical, in fish'Zelee', theZip, the dogZoological investigations