Chapter 14

FIG. 104. ANŒCTOCHILUSFRIDERICI-AUGUSTI.

A. argenteus pictus(silvery-painted). A synonym ofPhysurus pictus.A. argyroneurus(silvery-veined).*l.light green, dark mottled; veins forming a beautiful silvery network. Java.A. Boylei(Boyle's).*l.ovate, acuminate, 2in. long and broad, olive-green, netted and pencilled with gold. India.A. Bullenii(Bullen's).*l.2½ in. long, ground colour bronzy green, with three broad distinct lines of coppery-red, or golden stripes running the entire length. Borneo, 1861.A. concinnus(neat).l.ovate, acuminate, rounded at base, dark olive-green, netted and striped with shining coppery-red. Assam.A. Dawsonianus(Dawson's).*l.ovate, of a dark velvety, rich olive-green, traversed by about seven longitudinal copper-coloured veins; the space on each side of the midrib being filled with fine reticulations of the same colour. Malay Archipelago, 1868. The proper name of this plant isHæmeria discolor Dawsoniana.A. Dayi(Day's). A synonym ofDossinia marmorata Dayi.A. Dominii(Dominy's).l.dark olive-green, streaked down the centre with pale coppery-yellow, the main ribs marked by pale lines. Hybrid betweenGoodyera discolorandA. Friderici Augusti.A. Eldorado(Eldorado).l.dark green, with small tracery of a lighter colour, deciduous. Central America.A. Friderici-Augusti(Frederick Augustus').*l.2½in. long, and 1½in. broad, dark velvety green, with broad orange and green stripes down the centre, covered with a beautiful golden network.h.5in. Very distinct. See Fig. 104. SYN.A. xanthophyllus.A. Heriotii(Heriot's).l.3½in. long, 2½in. broad, dark mahogany-colour, golden-reticulated, and with shadowy network. India.A. hieroglyphicus(hieroglyphic-marked).l.small, dark green, with hieroglyphic-like, silvery-grey blotches. Assam.A. intermedius(intermediate).*l.2½in. long, and 1½in. broad, with a silky surface, dark olive, striped and veined with gold.h.3in. Will succeed with a glass covering, in a stove, if shaded.A. javanicus(Java).fl.pink, small, spicate; scape 9in. high.l.2in. long, 1½in. broad, dark olive-green, with lighter blotches and faint golden reticulation, pinkish beneath. Java.A. latimaculatus(broad-spotted).*l.dark green, with silvery markings. Borneo. A distinct and free-growing kind.A. Lowii(Low's).*l.4in. to 5in. long, 3in. broad, dark velvety-green, shading to orange-brown, lined from base to apex with deep golden veins, crossed by lines of the same hue.h.6in. Borneo. The correct name of this plant isDossinia marmorata.A. L. virescens(greenish).*l.brighter green, with brighter markings over the whole surface.A. Ordianus(Ordi's).*l.shape and habit ofA. Dawsonianus, but the colour is a vivid green, and lined with golden veins. Java, 1869. The proper name of this plant isHæmeria discolor Ordiana.A. pictus(painted). A synonym ofPhysurus pictus.A. querceticola(forest-dwelling). A synonym ofPhysurus querceticolus.A. regalis(royal).* King Plant.l.2in. long, 1½in. broad; surface a beautiful velvety green, veined in regular lines, and covered with a network of gold.h.4in. Java, 1836. If examined with a lens in sunshine, the beauty of the network will be plainly seen. SYN.A. setaceus(of gardens). There are several varieties, the best of which are:A. r. cordatus(heart-shaped).l.rounder, and gold markings broader. Very rare.A. r. grandifolius(large-leaved).*l.light green, beautifully laced and banded with a network of gold. Also rare.A. r. inornatus(unadorned).l.dark rich velvety, with a few slight markings, destitute of the golden reticulation. Java.A. Reinwardtii(Reinwardt's).*l.rich, deep velvety-bronze, intersected with bright golden lines. Java.A. Roxburghii(Roxburgh's).*l.2½in. long, 1½in. broad, dark velvety-green, striated with well-defined lines of silver.h.3in. India. The true species is very rare; several are sold as such.A. Ruckerii(Rucker's).*l.broadly ovate-bronzy-green, with six rows of distinct spots running from base to apex. Borneo, 1861.A. setaceus(bristly). A garden synonym ofA. regalis.A. striatus(striated). A synonym ofZeuxine regia.A. Turneri(Turner's).*l.large, rich bronze, freely golden-reticulated. One of the handsomest; a very free grower.A. Veitchii(Veitch's). A synonym ofMacodes Petola.A. xanthophyllus(yellow-leaved). A synonym ofA. Friderici-Augusti.A. zebrinus(striped).*l.ovate-lanceolate, deep olive green, with copper-coloured veins. India, 1863. Dwarf and elegant.

A. argenteus pictus(silvery-painted). A synonym ofPhysurus pictus.

A. argyroneurus(silvery-veined).*l.light green, dark mottled; veins forming a beautiful silvery network. Java.

A. Boylei(Boyle's).*l.ovate, acuminate, 2in. long and broad, olive-green, netted and pencilled with gold. India.

A. Bullenii(Bullen's).*l.2½ in. long, ground colour bronzy green, with three broad distinct lines of coppery-red, or golden stripes running the entire length. Borneo, 1861.

A. concinnus(neat).l.ovate, acuminate, rounded at base, dark olive-green, netted and striped with shining coppery-red. Assam.

A. Dawsonianus(Dawson's).*l.ovate, of a dark velvety, rich olive-green, traversed by about seven longitudinal copper-coloured veins; the space on each side of the midrib being filled with fine reticulations of the same colour. Malay Archipelago, 1868. The proper name of this plant isHæmeria discolor Dawsoniana.

A. Dayi(Day's). A synonym ofDossinia marmorata Dayi.

A. Dominii(Dominy's).l.dark olive-green, streaked down the centre with pale coppery-yellow, the main ribs marked by pale lines. Hybrid betweenGoodyera discolorandA. Friderici Augusti.

A. Eldorado(Eldorado).l.dark green, with small tracery of a lighter colour, deciduous. Central America.

A. Friderici-Augusti(Frederick Augustus').*l.2½in. long, and 1½in. broad, dark velvety green, with broad orange and green stripes down the centre, covered with a beautiful golden network.h.5in. Very distinct. See Fig. 104. SYN.A. xanthophyllus.

A. Heriotii(Heriot's).l.3½in. long, 2½in. broad, dark mahogany-colour, golden-reticulated, and with shadowy network. India.

A. hieroglyphicus(hieroglyphic-marked).l.small, dark green, with hieroglyphic-like, silvery-grey blotches. Assam.

A. intermedius(intermediate).*l.2½in. long, and 1½in. broad, with a silky surface, dark olive, striped and veined with gold.h.3in. Will succeed with a glass covering, in a stove, if shaded.

A. javanicus(Java).fl.pink, small, spicate; scape 9in. high.l.2in. long, 1½in. broad, dark olive-green, with lighter blotches and faint golden reticulation, pinkish beneath. Java.

A. latimaculatus(broad-spotted).*l.dark green, with silvery markings. Borneo. A distinct and free-growing kind.

A. Lowii(Low's).*l.4in. to 5in. long, 3in. broad, dark velvety-green, shading to orange-brown, lined from base to apex with deep golden veins, crossed by lines of the same hue.h.6in. Borneo. The correct name of this plant isDossinia marmorata.

A. L. virescens(greenish).*l.brighter green, with brighter markings over the whole surface.

A. Ordianus(Ordi's).*l.shape and habit ofA. Dawsonianus, but the colour is a vivid green, and lined with golden veins. Java, 1869. The proper name of this plant isHæmeria discolor Ordiana.

A. pictus(painted). A synonym ofPhysurus pictus.

A. querceticola(forest-dwelling). A synonym ofPhysurus querceticolus.

A. regalis(royal).* King Plant.l.2in. long, 1½in. broad; surface a beautiful velvety green, veined in regular lines, and covered with a network of gold.h.4in. Java, 1836. If examined with a lens in sunshine, the beauty of the network will be plainly seen. SYN.A. setaceus(of gardens). There are several varieties, the best of which are:

A. r. cordatus(heart-shaped).l.rounder, and gold markings broader. Very rare.

A. r. grandifolius(large-leaved).*l.light green, beautifully laced and banded with a network of gold. Also rare.

A. r. inornatus(unadorned).l.dark rich velvety, with a few slight markings, destitute of the golden reticulation. Java.

A. Reinwardtii(Reinwardt's).*l.rich, deep velvety-bronze, intersected with bright golden lines. Java.

A. Roxburghii(Roxburgh's).*l.2½in. long, 1½in. broad, dark velvety-green, striated with well-defined lines of silver.h.3in. India. The true species is very rare; several are sold as such.

A. Ruckerii(Rucker's).*l.broadly ovate-bronzy-green, with six rows of distinct spots running from base to apex. Borneo, 1861.

A. setaceus(bristly). A garden synonym ofA. regalis.

A. striatus(striated). A synonym ofZeuxine regia.

A. Turneri(Turner's).*l.large, rich bronze, freely golden-reticulated. One of the handsomest; a very free grower.

A. Veitchii(Veitch's). A synonym ofMacodes Petola.

A. xanthophyllus(yellow-leaved). A synonym ofA. Friderici-Augusti.

A. zebrinus(striped).*l.ovate-lanceolate, deep olive green, with copper-coloured veins. India, 1863. Dwarf and elegant.

ANOMATHECA(fromanomos, singular, andtheca, a capsule, or seed-pod). ORD.Irideæ. Very pretty little bulbous perennials. Perianth hypocrateriform; tube triquetrous, constricted at the throat. The species are hardy when planted in warm sunny situations in the open border. Their dwarf stature, brilliance, profusion of flowers, and habit of blossoming continuously over a long period, render them very popular subjects amongst growers of hardy perennials. Although generally credited with being hardy, when cultivated out of doors they should be lifted and stored in frost-proof quarters before winter commences, until the following March. They are excellent as window garden plants, and also for pot culture. If grown in pots, they should be shaken out, and repotted in February or March. They multiply very rapidly, and may be divided in patches, not by single bulbs, once yearly. Light sandy loam, mixed with a little leaf mould, is the best compost. Anomathecas are sometimes increased by seed, which may be sown so soon as ripe, very thinly, in seed pans. Thin out the seedlings if growing very close together; the next season they may be put out four or five in a pot. When they become crowded, shift into a much larger pot, but do not disturb the ball. The young seedlings will probably produce flowers the second season.

A. cruenta(bloody).*fl.rich carmine-crimson; perianth segments elliptical, three lower ones broader than the others, with a dark blotch at the base; tube long, whitish; scapes secund, bearing about five or six flowers. Summer and autumn.l.two-ranked, about ½in. broad, sword-shape, somewhat tapering. Bulb ovate, rather large.h.6in. to 12in. Cape of Good Hope, 1830.A. juncea(rushy).fl.very bright pink, with a dark spot at the base, produced in profusion. The leaves are narrower than those of the foregoing. Cape of Good Hope, 1791. A rare species.

A. juncea(rushy).fl.very bright pink, with a dark spot at the base, produced in profusion. The leaves are narrower than those of the foregoing. Cape of Good Hope, 1791. A rare species.

ANONA(Anonais the name applied to these plants in St. Domingo). Custard Apple. ORD.Anonaceæ. Stove evergreen shrubs, with fragrant leaves. Petals six, in two rows. Carpels indefinite, joined into one fleshy, many-celled, edible, roundish fruit, with a muricated, scaly, or reticulated skin. Anonas thrive best in rich loamy soil, mixed with a little peat. Ripened cuttings, with leaves intact, will root if inserted in sand and placed under a hand glass, in a moist heat. When seeds are procurable, they should be sown in pots, and plunged into a hotbed.

A. Cherimolia(The Cherimoyer).fl.outer petals somewhat concave, linear-oblong, brown on the outside, each marked with a dark spot at the base; peduncles opposite the leaves, solitary. July.fr.somewhat globose and scaly, dark purple; esteemed by the Peruvians as one of their most delicate, and as being not inferior to any fruit in the world.l.ovate-lanceolate, not dotted; under surface silky tomentose, strong scented.h.20ft. Peru, 1739.A. glabra(smooth-fruited).*fl.outer petals ovate, obtuse, brown; calyx leathery, large; peduncles opposite the leaves, two-flowered. July.fr.greenish-yellow, conoid, blunt, smooth.l.ovate-lanceolate, smooth.h.10ft. West Indies, 1774.A. longifolia(long-leaved).fl.purplish; outer petals concave, thick, all acute, large, axillary, solitary, stalked. May.fr.ovate-globose, dotted, and reticulated, flesh-coloured.l.oblong, acuminated, mucronate, smooth.h.20ft. Guiana, 1820.A. muricata(muricated-fruited).* The Sour Sop.fl.outer petals cordate, concave, thick, acuminated, green on the outside, yellow inside, and spotted; peduncles solitary, one-flowered, sweet-scented.fr.muricated, with fleshy points, green.l.ovate-lanceolate, smooth, shining.h.15ft. West Indies, 1656.A. palustris(marsh). Alligator Apple; Cork-wood.fl.yellow; petals all acute.fr.rather areolate, large, heart-shaped, sweet-scented.l.ovate-oblong, leathery, quite smooth.h.10ft. to 20ft. South America, 1788.A. reticulata(netted). The Custard Apple, or Bullock's Heart.fl.outer petals oblong-lanceolate, acute, somewhat concave at the base, brownish on the outside, whitish-yellow on the inside, marked with dark purple spots.fr.ovate-globose, reticulate, as large as a tennis ball, with yellowish soft flesh; it is much esteemed by some people.l.oblong-lanceolate, acute, smooth, somewhat dotted.h.15ft. to 25ft. Brazil, 1690.A. squamosa(scaly). Sweet Sop.fl., outer petals linear-oblong, somewhat concave at the base, nearly closing, greenish-yellow.fr.egg-shaped, scaly.l.oblong, bluntish, smooth, full of pellucid dots, rather glaucous beneath.h.20ft. South America, 1739.

A. glabra(smooth-fruited).*fl.outer petals ovate, obtuse, brown; calyx leathery, large; peduncles opposite the leaves, two-flowered. July.fr.greenish-yellow, conoid, blunt, smooth.l.ovate-lanceolate, smooth.h.10ft. West Indies, 1774.

A. longifolia(long-leaved).fl.purplish; outer petals concave, thick, all acute, large, axillary, solitary, stalked. May.fr.ovate-globose, dotted, and reticulated, flesh-coloured.l.oblong, acuminated, mucronate, smooth.h.20ft. Guiana, 1820.

A. muricata(muricated-fruited).* The Sour Sop.fl.outer petals cordate, concave, thick, acuminated, green on the outside, yellow inside, and spotted; peduncles solitary, one-flowered, sweet-scented.fr.muricated, with fleshy points, green.l.ovate-lanceolate, smooth, shining.h.15ft. West Indies, 1656.

A. palustris(marsh). Alligator Apple; Cork-wood.fl.yellow; petals all acute.fr.rather areolate, large, heart-shaped, sweet-scented.l.ovate-oblong, leathery, quite smooth.h.10ft. to 20ft. South America, 1788.

A. reticulata(netted). The Custard Apple, or Bullock's Heart.fl.outer petals oblong-lanceolate, acute, somewhat concave at the base, brownish on the outside, whitish-yellow on the inside, marked with dark purple spots.fr.ovate-globose, reticulate, as large as a tennis ball, with yellowish soft flesh; it is much esteemed by some people.l.oblong-lanceolate, acute, smooth, somewhat dotted.h.15ft. to 25ft. Brazil, 1690.

A. squamosa(scaly). Sweet Sop.fl., outer petals linear-oblong, somewhat concave at the base, nearly closing, greenish-yellow.fr.egg-shaped, scaly.l.oblong, bluntish, smooth, full of pellucid dots, rather glaucous beneath.h.20ft. South America, 1739.

ANONACEÆ.An order of trees or shrubs, mostly tropical, with axillary peduncles, lateral or opposite the leaves, and with alternate, simple, entire or hardly toothed leaves, without stipules.Anonais the typical genus.

ANONYMO.A synonym ofSaururus(whichsee).

ANONYMOS BRACTEATA.SeeZornia tetraphylla.

ANOPLANTHUS(in part). A synonym ofPhelipæa(whichsee).

ANOPLOPHYTUM.SeeSchlumbergeriaandTillandsia.

ANOPTERUS(fromano, upwards, andpteron, a wing; in reference to the seeds, which are winged at the apex). ORD.Saxifrageæ. A very handsome greenhouse evergreen shrub, having a free branching habit, large dark shining green leaves, and long panicles of salver-shaped flowers. It would probably prove quite hardy in the south and west of England, and parts of Scotland, provided it had a slight winter protection. It grows well in sandy loam and peat. When grown in pots, it requires plenty of room and water. Half-ripened cuttings root freely under a bell glass in a cool house or frame in summer.

A. glandulosa(glandular).*fl.white, rose tinted, large; racemes erect, simple, terminal. April, May.l.alternate, rarely nearly opposite, ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends, nearly sessile, leathery, toothed.h.3ft. Van Diemen's Land, 1823.

ANSELLIA(named after Mr. Ansell, the botanical collector who accompanied the ill-fated Niger Expedition). ORD.Orchidaceæ. Strong growing, free flowering stove epiphytal orchids. Best grown in large pots, as they produce a quantity of roots. They require a compost of turfy peat, with moderate drainage. An ample supply of water during the growing season is needed; but care must be taken not to let any remain in the heart of the plants, as they are very likely to rot. During the season of rest, little or no water, but a damp atmosphere, are the chief requirements. Propagated by divisions of the bulbs just after flowering.

A. africana(African).*fl., sepals and petals nearly 2in. long, greenish yellow, spotted with brownish red; lip small, yellow; spikes large, drooping, branched, each sometimes bearing nearly a hundred blooms. Stems 3ft. to 4ft. high, with light evergreen foliage. Fernando Po, 1844. Lasts two months in perfection.A. a. gigantea(gigantic).*fl.on upright spikes from the top of the pseudo-bulbs, but smaller, of a light yellow tint, with very few narrow, transverse, brown bars, and a deep yellow lip, without warts of any kind on its middle lobe, and with more or less crenulated keels. Natal, 1847. The perfume is very peculiar. Very rare.A. a. lutea(yellow). Not so strong a grower; producing clusters of light yellow flowers from the top of the pseudo-bulbs. Natal.A. a. nilotica(Nile district).* As a garden plant this is much superior to the type. The habit is dwarfer, the colours of the flowers brighter and more distinctly defined. The sepals and petals, too, are more spreading. Eastern Africa.

A. a. gigantea(gigantic).*fl.on upright spikes from the top of the pseudo-bulbs, but smaller, of a light yellow tint, with very few narrow, transverse, brown bars, and a deep yellow lip, without warts of any kind on its middle lobe, and with more or less crenulated keels. Natal, 1847. The perfume is very peculiar. Very rare.

A. a. lutea(yellow). Not so strong a grower; producing clusters of light yellow flowers from the top of the pseudo-bulbs. Natal.

A. a. nilotica(Nile district).* As a garden plant this is much superior to the type. The habit is dwarfer, the colours of the flowers brighter and more distinctly defined. The sepals and petals, too, are more spreading. Eastern Africa.

ANSERINA.SeePotentilla anserina.

ANTENNÆ.Two movable, articulated organs attached to the heads of insects and crustacea, commonly called "horns" or "feelers." They are variable in form and length. Antennæ seem to serve for touch, and, perhaps, for smell and hearing.

FIG. 105. ANTENNARIAMARGARITACEA, showing Habit and Inflorescence.

ANTENNARIA(fromantennæ; in reference to the similarity which exists between the seed down of the plant and the antennæ, or feelers, of an insect). ORD.Compositæ. Hardy herbaceous perennials, distinguished by the dry, coloured, chaffy scales encircling each head of flowers, of which the stamens and pistils are on different plants. These are charming little alpine plants, admirably adapted for rockwork, pots, edgings, or borders, in any light soil. Propagated by divisions of the roots in spring, and seeds; the latter should be sown in spring in a cold frame. Grown chiefly for their leaves.

A. dioica(diœcious).*fl.-headspink, in crowded corymbs, 3in. to 4in. high. June.l.radical ones spathulate, woolly chiefly beneath; upper ones lanceolate. Stems simple; shoots procumbent. Britain. The two or three varieties of this pretty species exceed the type in beauty. SYN.Gnaphalium dioicum.A. d. hyperborea(northern).l.woolly on both surfaces.A. d. minima(smallest).* A very small growing variety.A. margaritacea(pearly).*fl.-headswhite, corymbose. August.l.linear-lanceolate, acute, alternate, cottony, especially beneath. Stems branched above.h.2ft. Naturalised in England and on the Continent. Said to have been introduced from America about the sixteenth century. The prettier but much rarerA. triplinervis, from Nepaul, comes close to this species. See Fig. 105.A. tomentosa(downy).*fl.-headscorymbose. Summer. One of the dwarfest and best of silvery-leaved plants, either as an edging for small beds or for covering the higher portions of rockwork; it is much used in carpet bedding. It scarcely grows more than 1in. high, and forms a dense carpet in a short space of time. It should be grown separate from other plants. It is frequently known under the name ofA. candida.

A. d. hyperborea(northern).l.woolly on both surfaces.

A. d. minima(smallest).* A very small growing variety.

A. margaritacea(pearly).*fl.-headswhite, corymbose. August.l.linear-lanceolate, acute, alternate, cottony, especially beneath. Stems branched above.h.2ft. Naturalised in England and on the Continent. Said to have been introduced from America about the sixteenth century. The prettier but much rarerA. triplinervis, from Nepaul, comes close to this species. See Fig. 105.

A. tomentosa(downy).*fl.-headscorymbose. Summer. One of the dwarfest and best of silvery-leaved plants, either as an edging for small beds or for covering the higher portions of rockwork; it is much used in carpet bedding. It scarcely grows more than 1in. high, and forms a dense carpet in a short space of time. It should be grown separate from other plants. It is frequently known under the name ofA. candida.

ANTERIOR.Placed in front, or outwards.

ANTHEMIS(fromanthemon, a flower; referring to their general floriferous character). Camomile. ORD.Compositæ. Receptacle convex, chaffy. Involucre hemispherical or nearly flat; scales imbricated, membranaceous at the margin. Pappus none; ray florets ligulate; disk tubular. This is a large genus, principally of medicinal value, and contains very few species worth the cultivator's trouble. Of easy culture in any ordinary soil. Propagated by divisions.

A. Aizoon(Aizoon).*fl.-headsresembling a white Daisy; florets of the ray fourteen to eighteen, trifid, twice as long as the breadth of the disk. Summer.l.lanceolate, or broadly so, acutely and deeply serrated, narrowed towards the base, covered with white down; lower ones crowded; stem-leaves rather acute, gradually lessening in size.h.2in. to 4in. Northern Greece. Free grower, dwarf, and compact.A. Biebersteinii(Bieberstein's).*fl.-headsyellow. Summer.l.pinnately divided into linear three-lobed segments, which are covered with white silky pubescence.h.1ft. to 2ft. Caucasus.A. Chamomilla fl. pl.SeeMatricaria.A. nobilis(noble). Common Chamomile.fl.-headssolitary; disk yellow; ray white; scales of the receptacle membranaceous, scarcely longer than the disk.l.bipinnate, segments linear-subulate, a little downy. Stem procumbent, and much branched. England. A very strong smelling plant, of great medicinal value. For culture,seeChamomile.A. tinctoria(dyer's).fl.bright yellow, in large heads. July and August.l.bipinnatifid, serrate, downy beneath. Stem angular.h.1½ft. England. A very pretty plant.

A. Biebersteinii(Bieberstein's).*fl.-headsyellow. Summer.l.pinnately divided into linear three-lobed segments, which are covered with white silky pubescence.h.1ft. to 2ft. Caucasus.

A. Chamomilla fl. pl.SeeMatricaria.

A. nobilis(noble). Common Chamomile.fl.-headssolitary; disk yellow; ray white; scales of the receptacle membranaceous, scarcely longer than the disk.l.bipinnate, segments linear-subulate, a little downy. Stem procumbent, and much branched. England. A very strong smelling plant, of great medicinal value. For culture,seeChamomile.

A. tinctoria(dyer's).fl.bright yellow, in large heads. July and August.l.bipinnatifid, serrate, downy beneath. Stem angular.h.1½ft. England. A very pretty plant.

ANTHER.The male part of a flower containing the pollen.

ANTHERICUM(fromanthos, a flower andkerkos, a hedge; in reference to the tall flower stems). SYN.Phalangium. ORD.Liliaceæ. A large genus, belonging to the capsular group of the order, and inhabiting, for the most part, the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, racemose or panicled, scapose; perianth segments either spreading from near the base or campanulately united; stamens short, with naked or bearded filaments. Leaves radical, filiform or linear. The hardy varieties are now extensively grown, and are among the most ornamental of border plants. They thrive best in rich light soil, and are excellent subjects for pot culture; for which purpose use a compost of fibrous loam, leaf mould, or well-decayed manure, and coarse sand. The pots should be about 12in. across, well drained, and the plants potted just previous to, or so soon as, growth commences. During activity, plenty of water is needed, until the plants have finished flowering, when the quantity may be lessened; but never allow them to get dry. Propagated by division of the roots or seeds, sowing the latter, as early as possible after they are ripe, in a cold frame.

A. graminifolium(grass-leaved). A garden name ofA. ramosum.A. Hookeri(Hooker's).SeeChrysobactron Hookeri.A. Liliago(Liliago).* St. Bernard's Lily.fl.pure white, 1in. to 1½in. across; perianth segments spreading; style curved. Mayto August.l.tufted, narrow, channelled, 12in. to 18in. high. South Europe, 1596. A very free flowering species, of which there is amajorvariety in gardens. SYNS.PhalangiumandWatsonia Liliago.A. Liliastrum(Liliaster).* St. Bruno's Lily.fl.much larger than the last, 2in. long, and as much across, fragrant, of a transparent whiteness, with a delicate green spot on the point of each segment, campanulate, arranged in loose spikes. Early summer.l.long, narrow, six or eight to each plant, about 1ft. to 2ft. long,h.1ft. to 2ft. South Europe, 1629. SYNS.Czackia LiliastrumandParadisia Liliastrum(this is the correct name). See Fig. 106.

A. graminifolium(grass-leaved). A garden name ofA. ramosum.

A. Hookeri(Hooker's).SeeChrysobactron Hookeri.

A. Liliago(Liliago).* St. Bernard's Lily.fl.pure white, 1in. to 1½in. across; perianth segments spreading; style curved. Mayto August.l.tufted, narrow, channelled, 12in. to 18in. high. South Europe, 1596. A very free flowering species, of which there is amajorvariety in gardens. SYNS.PhalangiumandWatsonia Liliago.

A. Liliastrum(Liliaster).* St. Bruno's Lily.fl.much larger than the last, 2in. long, and as much across, fragrant, of a transparent whiteness, with a delicate green spot on the point of each segment, campanulate, arranged in loose spikes. Early summer.l.long, narrow, six or eight to each plant, about 1ft. to 2ft. long,h.1ft. to 2ft. South Europe, 1629. SYNS.Czackia LiliastrumandParadisia Liliastrum(this is the correct name). See Fig. 106.

FIG. 106. ANTHERICUMLILIASTRUM, showing Habit and Flower.

A. L. major(greater).fl.about 1in. larger than the type.h.about 6ft. A very desirable border plant.A. ramosum(branched).*fl.white, rather smaller than those ofA. Liliago; perianth segments narrow and spreading; style straight; flower stems much branched. June.l.long, narrow, channelled, grass-like.h.2ft. South Europe, 1570. A rapid grower. SYN.A. graminifolium(of gardens).A. serotinum(late-flowering).SeeLloydia.A. variegatum(variegated).l.keeled, grass-like, striped and margined with white. South Africa, 1875. Half hardy. The proper name of this plant isChlorophytum elatum variegatum. SYNS.A. WilliamsiiandPhalangium argenteo-lineare.A. Williamsii(Williams'). Synonymous withA. variegatum.

A. L. major(greater).fl.about 1in. larger than the type.h.about 6ft. A very desirable border plant.

A. ramosum(branched).*fl.white, rather smaller than those ofA. Liliago; perianth segments narrow and spreading; style straight; flower stems much branched. June.l.long, narrow, channelled, grass-like.h.2ft. South Europe, 1570. A rapid grower. SYN.A. graminifolium(of gardens).

A. serotinum(late-flowering).SeeLloydia.

A. variegatum(variegated).l.keeled, grass-like, striped and margined with white. South Africa, 1875. Half hardy. The proper name of this plant isChlorophytum elatum variegatum. SYNS.A. WilliamsiiandPhalangium argenteo-lineare.

A. Williamsii(Williams'). Synonymous withA. variegatum.

ANTHERIDIA.The reproductive organs in cryptogamic plants, analogous to anthers in flowering plants.

ANTHERIFEROUS.Bearing anthers.

ANTHESIS.The opening period of flowers.

ANTHOCARPOUS.Bearing a fruit resulting from many flowers.

ANTHOCERCIS(fromanthos, a flower, andkerkis, a ray; in reference to the radiated corolla). ORD.Solanaceæ. Handsome greenhouse evergreen shrubs, with alternate leaves, attenuated into the petioles or base, thick, sometimes glandularly dotted. Flowers axillary, generally solitary; corolla campanulate. Cuttings strike freely in sand under a bell glass, with a mild bottom heat. So soon as they have well rooted, pot off into very small pots in two-thirds good loam and one of peat. After having made a little headway, the leading shoots should be pinched off, to induce a lateral growth; they may be transferred to pots a size larger when the roots have filled the first pot. Continue growing throughout the summer in frames or in the greenhouse, near the glass, allowing plenty of air. Vigorous growth should be checked; thus encouraging bushy plants.

A. albicans(whitish-leaved).*fl.white, streaked with bluish-purple inside the tube, fragrant; petals longer than the tube. April.l.oblong, obtuse, densely tomentose on both surfaces, as well as the branches.h.1½ft. to 2ft. New South Wales, 1824.A. floribunda(many-flowered).fl.white.h.3ft. New South Wales.A. ilicifolia(Holly-leaved).fl.yellowish green. June.h.6ft. Swan River, 1843.A. littorea(shore).fl.white. June.h.3ft. New Holland, 1803.A. viscosa(clammy).*fl.large, white. May.l.obovate, glandularly dotted with scabrous margins; young leaves and branches clothed with fine down.h.4ft. to 6ft. New Holland, 1822.

A. floribunda(many-flowered).fl.white.h.3ft. New South Wales.

A. ilicifolia(Holly-leaved).fl.yellowish green. June.h.6ft. Swan River, 1843.

A. littorea(shore).fl.white. June.h.3ft. New Holland, 1803.

A. viscosa(clammy).*fl.large, white. May.l.obovate, glandularly dotted with scabrous margins; young leaves and branches clothed with fine down.h.4ft. to 6ft. New Holland, 1822.

ANTHOLOMA(fromanthos, a flower, andloma, a fringe; in allusion to the fringed or crenulated limb of the corolla). ORD.Tiliaceæ. A very fine greenhouse evergreen tree; it thrives best in a light loamy soil, mixed with a little peat. Cuttings of ripened wood will strike root in sand, under a hand glass.

A. montana(mountain).*fl.white; corolla ovately cylindrical, with a crenate, rather toothed margin; racemes axillary, somewhat umbellate, reflexed. May.l.elliptical-oblong, leathery, stalked, scattered at the top of the branchlets.h.20ft. New Caledonia, 1810.

ANTHOLYZA(fromanthos, a flower, andlyssa, rage; in reference to the opening of the flowers, which resemble the mouth of an enraged animal). SYN.Petamenes. IncludingAnisanthus. ORD.Irideæ. A very pretty genus of bulbous plants from the Cape of Good Hope, having narrow, erect, Iris-like leaves, and flower-spikes that over-top the foliage, bearing numerous bright-coloured flowers. Perianth tubular, six-cleft, unequal, the upper segments longest; stamens three. The species may be grown in a greenhouse, or planted out in a frame. They also thrive excellently out of doors, and should be planted 8in. or 9in. deep for fear of frost, or have a winter protection of several inches of cocoa-nut fibre refuse or litter. The safer plan is to raise the roots, winter them in some dry part of the greenhouse; but, previous to storing, divide the clumps, clean them, and re-plant or pot in February, or early in March. A mixture of equal parts peat, sandy loam, and leaf soil is most suitable for their culture. Just previous to flowering, if in pots, frequent doses of weak manure water will be found beneficial. They may be propagated by offsets, which are produced in abundance, at almost any time. Seeds are sometimes procured, which should be sown so soon as ripe, in light soil, in a cool house, where they will germinate the following spring, and will be fit to plant out in the summer of the same year. With the exception ofA. Cunonia, they all much resemble each other. Only four or five species of this genus are worth cultivating.

A. æthiopica(Æthiopian).*fl.scarlet and green. June.h.3ft. 1759. SYNS.A. floribunda,A. præalta.A. æ. ringens(gaping).fl.red and yellow, rather smaller than those of the type. SYN.A. vittigera.A. bicolor(two-coloured). Synonymous withA. Cunonia.A. caffra(Caffrarian).*fl.rich scarlet; spike distichous, many-flowered. June.l.long, linear, or linear-ensiform.h.2ft. 1828. A very showy and pretty species, but rarely seen in our gardens. SYN.Anisanthus splendens.A. Cunonia(Cunon's).*fl.scarlet and black, a combination of colours uncommon among bulbous plants; spikes secund. June.h.2ft. 1756. SYN.Anisanthus Cunonia.A. floribunda(much-flowered). A synonym ofA. æthiopica.A. præalta(very tall). Synonymous withA. æthiopica.A. vittigera(glandular). Synonymous withA. æ. ringens.

A. æthiopica(Æthiopian).*fl.scarlet and green. June.h.3ft. 1759. SYNS.A. floribunda,A. præalta.

A. æ. ringens(gaping).fl.red and yellow, rather smaller than those of the type. SYN.A. vittigera.

A. bicolor(two-coloured). Synonymous withA. Cunonia.

A. caffra(Caffrarian).*fl.rich scarlet; spike distichous, many-flowered. June.l.long, linear, or linear-ensiform.h.2ft. 1828. A very showy and pretty species, but rarely seen in our gardens. SYN.Anisanthus splendens.

A. Cunonia(Cunon's).*fl.scarlet and black, a combination of colours uncommon among bulbous plants; spikes secund. June.h.2ft. 1756. SYN.Anisanthus Cunonia.

A. floribunda(much-flowered). A synonym ofA. æthiopica.

A. præalta(very tall). Synonymous withA. æthiopica.

A. vittigera(glandular). Synonymous withA. æ. ringens.

ANTHOMYIA.SeeBeet Fly,Cabbage Fly,andOnion Fly.

ANTHONOMUS.SeeGrubs.

ANTHOSPERMUM(fromanthos, a flower, andsperma, a seed). Amber Tree. ORD.Rubiaceæ. An ornamental greenhouse evergreen shrub from the Cape of Good Hope. It thrives in peat, loam, and sand, with a summer temperature of 50deg. to 65deg., and winter, 40deg. to 45deg. Increased by cuttings, in sand, under a bell glass. There are above twenty other species belonging to this genus.

A. æthiopicum(Æthiopian).*fl.diœcious, male brownish, and the female ones green, disposed in verticillate spikes. June.l.linear-lanceolate, three in a whorl, shining above, glabrous beneath, about ¼in. long. Stem much branched, downy above.h.2ft. to 3ft. 1692.

ANTHOTAXIS.The arrangement of flowers on an inflorescence.

ANTHOXANTHUM(fromanthos, a flower, andxanthus, yellow). Spring Grass. Calyx of two valves, glumaceous, one-flowered; corolla double, each of two valves: the exterior awned; the interior small, awnless; stamens two, not three, as is usually the case with grasses. ORD.Gramineæ. A pretty native hardy perennial, of easy culture in common garden soil.

FIG. 107. ANTHOXANTHUMODORATUM.

A. odoratum(sweet).fl.panicle spiked, oblong, dense, becoming dullish yellow.l.short, pale green.h.1ft. The pleasant smell of new-made Hay is chiefly owing to this plant, which in drying emits an odour similar to that ofAsperula odorata. See Fig. 107.

ANTHURIUM(fromanthos, a flower, andoura, a tail; referring to the inflorescence). ORD.Aroideæ. Flowers densely disposed on a cylindrical spadix, at the base of which is a large bract-like spathe, that ultimately bends backwards. Leaves of various shapes. This very large genus of handsome stove and greenhouse plants is remarkable both for the peculiar inflorescence and often noble leaves, and is distinguished in structure from all the European members of the order in the flowers being hermaphrodite. Fibry peat, loam, sphagnum, broken crocks, or charcoal, and silver sand, form the most suitable compost. In preparing the peat, it should be broken up into small lumps, and then have most of the earthy matter knocked out of it by giving it a few raps with a stick, or by shaking it about in a sieve. To this, after so treated, add about one-fourth its bulk of sphagnum, and about half its bulk of fibrous loam, and just a sprinkling of fresh broken crocks, or small pieces of charcoal and sharp silver sand. In placing them in the pots—which must be well drained—carefully spread out the roots and work the mixture among them, keeping the plant well up, so that when finished it stands clear above the rim of the pot at least 2in. or 3in., and forms a kind of mound or hillock. They must then be kept freely syringed or watered, and placed in a moist atmosphere, where they can enjoy a temperature ranging between 60deg. and 70deg., or a few degrees lower for the less tender species. Raising plants from seed requires patience. About a year elapses from the time the flowers are fertilised—which should be done artificially—before the seed ripens, and often another to get up plants. Sow as soon as ripe in shallow, well-drained pans or pots, filled with the potting mixture, and cover slightly, and place in a close, moist propagating case, where a temperature of from 75deg. to 85deg. is maintained, or they may be covered with bell glasses. The principal thing is to keep the air about them constantly humid, and the material in which they are sown in a uniformly moist condition; if this is done, the young seedlings will make their appearance in due course. When these are of sufficient size to handle, they should be pricked off in the same sort of compost, and be kept close and moist till they get a start, after which gradually inure them to more air. January is the best month of the year wherein to propagate these plants by divisions. This is done by carefully turning them out of their pots and shaking out what soil they have amongst their roots, which must be tenderly dealt with, so as not to bruise or injure them. This done, they may then be pulled apart, and as many plants made as there are separate crowns, or the mass may be simply halved or quartered, according to the stock required. Treat now as recommended above for potting. They are all moisture-loving plants, and must have a copious supply of water at all times, although, of course, much less during the winter than spring and summer months. There is no season of the year when they can be handled for any purpose with less risk or check than January. A moderate moist stove heat is advisable for them generally. The species enumerated are selected from nearly 150, and will be found to be a very representative collection.See alsoSpathiphyllum.

A. acaule(stemless).*fl., spadix blue in a young state, borne on long footstalks, sweetly scented. Spring.l.broad, oblong, acuminate, 1ft. to 3ft. in length, erect, arranged in a rosulate manner, dark shining green on the upper surface, somewhat paler beneath. West Indies, 1853. A noble species.

FIG. 108. ANTHURIUMANDREANUM.

A. Andreanum(André's).*fl., spadix about 3in. long, yellowish, with a broad central band of white; spathe open, cordate-ovate, orange red, leathery, 3in. to 4in. across, and 6in. to 9in. long; surface irregularly corrugated.l.ovate-lanceolate, deeply cordate, green. Columbia, 1876. A very beautiful species. See Fig. 108.A. Bakeri(Baker's).*fl., spathe small, green, reflexed; the spadix, wherein lies the plant's principal beauty, exhibits a lovelycombination of pink and bright scarlet; the fleshy rachis being pink, and the pea-sized fruits bright scarlet. July.l.linear, leathery, green, with stout midribs. Costa Rica, 1872.A. cordifolium(cordate-leaved).*l.3ft. long and 20in. broad, heart-shaped, deep shining green on the upper surface, and paler below.h.4ft. New Grenada. One of the best, and may be grown in a greenhouse or even in a sheltered spot of the sub-tropical garden during July and August.A. Browni, although quite distinct, comes close to this species.A. coriaceum(leathery).*l.very thick, leathery, ovate, about 2ft. long; petioles stout, about the same length. Brazil. An admirable sub-tropical species.

A. Bakeri(Baker's).*fl., spathe small, green, reflexed; the spadix, wherein lies the plant's principal beauty, exhibits a lovelycombination of pink and bright scarlet; the fleshy rachis being pink, and the pea-sized fruits bright scarlet. July.l.linear, leathery, green, with stout midribs. Costa Rica, 1872.

A. cordifolium(cordate-leaved).*l.3ft. long and 20in. broad, heart-shaped, deep shining green on the upper surface, and paler below.h.4ft. New Grenada. One of the best, and may be grown in a greenhouse or even in a sheltered spot of the sub-tropical garden during July and August.A. Browni, although quite distinct, comes close to this species.

A. coriaceum(leathery).*l.very thick, leathery, ovate, about 2ft. long; petioles stout, about the same length. Brazil. An admirable sub-tropical species.

FIG. 109. ANTHURIUMCRYSTALLINUM.

A. crystallinum(crystalline).*l.large, ovate-cordate, acuminate, bright rich velvety green, principal veins elegantly banded with pure crystal white; when young, the leaves are violet colour; petioles terete.h.2ft. Columbia. See Fig. 109.A. cuspidatum(cuspidate).fl., spathe crimson, reflexed, shorter than the purplish spadix.l.ovate-oblong, acuminate, 10in. to 20in. long, green.h.2ft. to 3ft. Columbia.A. ferrierense(Ferrières).*fl., spathe cordate, about 5in. long, and 4in. wide, bright red; spadix erect, about 4in. long, ivory white.l.large, cordate. A handsome hybrid betweenA. ornatumandA. Andreanum.A. fissum(cut-leaved).fl., spathe green, erect, narrowly lanceolate-acuminate.l.cut into four to seven elliptic oblong-acuminate segments, green; petioles longish, terete.h.2ft. Columbia, 1868.A. Harrisii pulchrum(beautiful).*fl., spathe linear-lanceolate, creamy white, deflexed, and pinkish at top; spadix erect, deep crimson; scape about 1ft. long, pale green.l.lanceolate, rounded at the base, pale green, with confluent white markings intermixed with dark green. Stem short. Brazil, 1882. A beautiful variegated plant. The typicalA. Harrisiiis extremely rare.A. Hookeri(Hooker's).fl., spathe green; spadix green or violet.l.obovate-spathulate, narrowed to a wedge-shaped base, and shortly stalked, shining, about 30in. long and 8in. broad.h.3ft. Tropical America, 1840. SYNS.A. Huegelii,Pothos acaulis.A. Huegelii(Huegel's). A synonym ofA. Hookeri.A. insigne(showy).*l.three-lobed, middle lobe lanceolate, the two lateral ones are nearly ovate, and have from three to five longitudinal ribs; when young, the leaves have a bronzy tinge; petioles terete, slightly sheathing at the base. Columbia, 1881. A very handsome species.A. Kalbreyeri(Kalbreyer's).*l.palmate, about 2½ft. across; leaflets nine, obovate-oblong, acuminate, sinuate, thick, glabrous, rich deep green, those furthest from the stem are much larger than those next the axis; petiole cylindrical, thickened at the top. New Grenada, 1881. A very handsome climbing species.A. lanceolatum(lanceolate).fl., spathe lanceolate, deflexed, yellowish green; spadix dark brown.l.lanceolate, stalked, green, 1ft. long, narrowed to the base. There appears to be much confusion as regards this and many varieties ofA. Harrisii; and the specific designation is indiscriminately applied to lanceolate-leaved forms generally. The true species was introduced to Kew from the West Indies. SYN.A. Wildenowii.A. leuconeurum(white-nerved). Green. Mexico, 1862.A. Lindenianum(Linden's).*fl.fragrant, spathe very pretty, white, not reflexed, but the pointed apex slightly arches over and shelters the white or purplish spadix. October.l.deeply cordate, of a roundish outline; petioles long.h.3ft. Columbia, 1866. SYN.A. Lindigi(of gardens).A. Lindigi(Lindig's). A garden synonym ofA. Lindenianum.A. macrolobum(large-lobed).*l.large, deflexed, cordate, acuminate, with an open sinus at the base, and about three acute marginal lobes, dark green, marked with about five pale green ribs; petioles green, terete. Stem erect, short. A fine hybrid.A. nymphæifolium(Nymphæa-leaved).fl., spathe white; spadix purplish. Venezuela, 1854.A. ornatum(adorned).*fl., spathe linear-oblong, white, 5in. to 6in. long, on terete green scapes, enclosing cylindrical purplish spadices of about the same length as the spathes, and studded with white points arranged spirally. Spring.l.ovate or oblong-cordate, on slender terete petioles.h.2½ft. Venezuela, 1869.A. regale(royal).*l.large, cordate-acuminate, 1ft. to 3ft. long, dull metallic green, with white veins; young leaves tinged with rose, on long smooth footstalks. East Peru, 1866. An excellent species for conservatory or window decoration during summer.

A. cuspidatum(cuspidate).fl., spathe crimson, reflexed, shorter than the purplish spadix.l.ovate-oblong, acuminate, 10in. to 20in. long, green.h.2ft. to 3ft. Columbia.

A. ferrierense(Ferrières).*fl., spathe cordate, about 5in. long, and 4in. wide, bright red; spadix erect, about 4in. long, ivory white.l.large, cordate. A handsome hybrid betweenA. ornatumandA. Andreanum.

A. fissum(cut-leaved).fl., spathe green, erect, narrowly lanceolate-acuminate.l.cut into four to seven elliptic oblong-acuminate segments, green; petioles longish, terete.h.2ft. Columbia, 1868.

A. Harrisii pulchrum(beautiful).*fl., spathe linear-lanceolate, creamy white, deflexed, and pinkish at top; spadix erect, deep crimson; scape about 1ft. long, pale green.l.lanceolate, rounded at the base, pale green, with confluent white markings intermixed with dark green. Stem short. Brazil, 1882. A beautiful variegated plant. The typicalA. Harrisiiis extremely rare.

A. Hookeri(Hooker's).fl., spathe green; spadix green or violet.l.obovate-spathulate, narrowed to a wedge-shaped base, and shortly stalked, shining, about 30in. long and 8in. broad.h.3ft. Tropical America, 1840. SYNS.A. Huegelii,Pothos acaulis.

A. Huegelii(Huegel's). A synonym ofA. Hookeri.

A. insigne(showy).*l.three-lobed, middle lobe lanceolate, the two lateral ones are nearly ovate, and have from three to five longitudinal ribs; when young, the leaves have a bronzy tinge; petioles terete, slightly sheathing at the base. Columbia, 1881. A very handsome species.

A. Kalbreyeri(Kalbreyer's).*l.palmate, about 2½ft. across; leaflets nine, obovate-oblong, acuminate, sinuate, thick, glabrous, rich deep green, those furthest from the stem are much larger than those next the axis; petiole cylindrical, thickened at the top. New Grenada, 1881. A very handsome climbing species.

A. lanceolatum(lanceolate).fl., spathe lanceolate, deflexed, yellowish green; spadix dark brown.l.lanceolate, stalked, green, 1ft. long, narrowed to the base. There appears to be much confusion as regards this and many varieties ofA. Harrisii; and the specific designation is indiscriminately applied to lanceolate-leaved forms generally. The true species was introduced to Kew from the West Indies. SYN.A. Wildenowii.

A. leuconeurum(white-nerved). Green. Mexico, 1862.

A. Lindenianum(Linden's).*fl.fragrant, spathe very pretty, white, not reflexed, but the pointed apex slightly arches over and shelters the white or purplish spadix. October.l.deeply cordate, of a roundish outline; petioles long.h.3ft. Columbia, 1866. SYN.A. Lindigi(of gardens).

A. Lindigi(Lindig's). A garden synonym ofA. Lindenianum.

A. macrolobum(large-lobed).*l.large, deflexed, cordate, acuminate, with an open sinus at the base, and about three acute marginal lobes, dark green, marked with about five pale green ribs; petioles green, terete. Stem erect, short. A fine hybrid.

A. nymphæifolium(Nymphæa-leaved).fl., spathe white; spadix purplish. Venezuela, 1854.

A. ornatum(adorned).*fl., spathe linear-oblong, white, 5in. to 6in. long, on terete green scapes, enclosing cylindrical purplish spadices of about the same length as the spathes, and studded with white points arranged spirally. Spring.l.ovate or oblong-cordate, on slender terete petioles.h.2½ft. Venezuela, 1869.

A. regale(royal).*l.large, cordate-acuminate, 1ft. to 3ft. long, dull metallic green, with white veins; young leaves tinged with rose, on long smooth footstalks. East Peru, 1866. An excellent species for conservatory or window decoration during summer.

FIG. 110. ANTHURIUMSCHERZERIANUM.

A. Scherzerianum(Scherzer's).*fl.on bright red peduncles, which spring from among the base of the leafstalks; spathe ovate-oblong, 3in. long and nearly 2in. broad, intense and brilliant scarlet; spadix orange coloured.l.oblong-lanceolate, 12in. to 18in. long, and 2in. or more broad, deep rich green, leathery. Costa Rica. A very compact dwarf-growing evergreen about 1ft. high. It continues in beauty about four months. See Fig. 110.A. S. album(white). A synonym ofA. Scherzerianum Williamsii.

A. S. album(white). A synonym ofA. Scherzerianum Williamsii.

FIG. 111. ANTHURIUMSCHERZERIANUMMAXIMUM.

A. S. maximum(greater).* A very fine variety, with "gigantic flower spathes, which measure about 9in. in length by 4in. in breadth, and are of the most brilliant scarlet colour." See Fig. 111.A. S. pygmæum(small).* Altogether smaller than the type, with narrow leaves, which are from 4in. to 6in. long, and about ½in. broad. It is one of the best varieties, and produces flowers very freely. 1880.A. S. Rothschildianum(Rothschild's).fl., spathe creamy white, spotted with crimson; spadix yellow. 1880. Exactly intermediate between its parent plants—the typical species and the following variety.A. S. Wardii(Ward's).*fl., spathe 6in. long, 4in. broad, very brilliant.l.broader and more robust than those of the typical species. A splendid variety.A. S. Williamsii(Williams's).*fl., spathe white; spadix yellowish. May.l.lanceolate-acuminate. Costa Rica, 1874. SYN.A. Scherzerianum album.A. signatum(well-marked).l.apparently three-lobed; front lobe about 1ft. long and 4in. wide; the two side ones 4in. long, and about 6in. from the midrib to the extremity, dark green; petioles about 1ft. long. Venezuela, 1858.A. spathiphyllum(Spathiphyllum).fl., spathe about 1¾in. long, and nearly as much broad, erect, boat-shaped, broadly ovate, white; spadix nearly 1in. long, very obtuse, pale yellow.l.narrow lanceolate, 16in. to 24in. long, and about 2in. wide, bright green above, pale greyish green beneath; midrib prominent; petiole 3in. to 6in. long, trigonous.h.1½ft. Tropical America, 1875.A. splendidum(splendid).*l.cordate, with an open sinus, the lobes meeting behind; "the course of the nerves is marked by a broadish band of deep lustrous velvety green, the intervening spaces of about equal width being in striking contrast, of a pale yellowish green; the leaf surface is scabrous, and the portions between the ribs strongly bullate, as if raised in papillose blisters; the veins on the under surface are angular, with tooth-like projections at intervals, while the whole under surface is punctuated with small pallid dots" (W. Bull). Stem short, thick. South America, 1882. A very beautiful species, quite distinct from any others of the genus. See Fig. 112.

A. S. maximum(greater).* A very fine variety, with "gigantic flower spathes, which measure about 9in. in length by 4in. in breadth, and are of the most brilliant scarlet colour." See Fig. 111.

A. S. pygmæum(small).* Altogether smaller than the type, with narrow leaves, which are from 4in. to 6in. long, and about ½in. broad. It is one of the best varieties, and produces flowers very freely. 1880.

A. S. Rothschildianum(Rothschild's).fl., spathe creamy white, spotted with crimson; spadix yellow. 1880. Exactly intermediate between its parent plants—the typical species and the following variety.

A. S. Wardii(Ward's).*fl., spathe 6in. long, 4in. broad, very brilliant.l.broader and more robust than those of the typical species. A splendid variety.

A. S. Williamsii(Williams's).*fl., spathe white; spadix yellowish. May.l.lanceolate-acuminate. Costa Rica, 1874. SYN.A. Scherzerianum album.

A. signatum(well-marked).l.apparently three-lobed; front lobe about 1ft. long and 4in. wide; the two side ones 4in. long, and about 6in. from the midrib to the extremity, dark green; petioles about 1ft. long. Venezuela, 1858.

A. spathiphyllum(Spathiphyllum).fl., spathe about 1¾in. long, and nearly as much broad, erect, boat-shaped, broadly ovate, white; spadix nearly 1in. long, very obtuse, pale yellow.l.narrow lanceolate, 16in. to 24in. long, and about 2in. wide, bright green above, pale greyish green beneath; midrib prominent; petiole 3in. to 6in. long, trigonous.h.1½ft. Tropical America, 1875.

A. splendidum(splendid).*l.cordate, with an open sinus, the lobes meeting behind; "the course of the nerves is marked by a broadish band of deep lustrous velvety green, the intervening spaces of about equal width being in striking contrast, of a pale yellowish green; the leaf surface is scabrous, and the portions between the ribs strongly bullate, as if raised in papillose blisters; the veins on the under surface are angular, with tooth-like projections at intervals, while the whole under surface is punctuated with small pallid dots" (W. Bull). Stem short, thick. South America, 1882. A very beautiful species, quite distinct from any others of the genus. See Fig. 112.

FIG. 112. ANTHURIUMSPLENDIDUM.

A. subsignatum(nearly allied to Signatum).*l.thick and fleshy, hastate, with blunt points, 12in. to 18in. long, and as much in breadth at the widest part; dark shining green above, paler beneath; petioles about 1ft. long.h.1½ft. Costa Rica, 1861. An excellent species.A. tetragonum(four-angled).l.erect, commences very narrow, 1ft. wide at its broadest part; margins undulate, deep shining green on the upper surface, paler below; petioles short, quadrangular. Tropical America, 1860. An excellent sub-tropical species.A. triumphans(superior).fl., spathe narrow, green; spadix stout, greenish-white; peduncle quadrangular.l.alternate, elongately cordate, bright green; ribs prominent, and of a paler hue. Stem erect. Brazil, 1882. A handsome plant.A. Veitchii(Veitch's).*l.ovate-oblong, greatly elongated, 2ft. to 3ft. long, with a breadth of less than one-third of these dimensions, leathery, deep green, with a glossy metallic surface when first expanded that becomes paler with age; the principal nerves are arched and deeply sunk, imparting a curiously waved appearance to the surface.h.2½ft. Columbia, 1877. Rare but very handsome.A. Waluiewi(Walujew's).*l.broadly cordate, 12in. to 14in. long, 8in. to 10in. broad, olive metallic green, when young, bright reddish crimson; petioles four to five-angled.h.2ft. Venezuela, 1880. A very distinct and noble species.A. Waroqueanum(Waroque's).*l.elongated, from 24in. to sometimes 36in. long, and 8in. to 11in. broad, very rich deep green, of a velvety lustre; midribs and veins light, forming a very pleasing contrast. Columbia, 1878. A very free grower.A. Wildenowii(Wildenow's). A synonym ofA. lanceolatum.It may be here remarked that by far the majority of species enumerated in theSupplementof Johnson's Dictionary are chiefly of botanical interest, and will, therefore, never become extensively cultivated.

A. tetragonum(four-angled).l.erect, commences very narrow, 1ft. wide at its broadest part; margins undulate, deep shining green on the upper surface, paler below; petioles short, quadrangular. Tropical America, 1860. An excellent sub-tropical species.

A. triumphans(superior).fl., spathe narrow, green; spadix stout, greenish-white; peduncle quadrangular.l.alternate, elongately cordate, bright green; ribs prominent, and of a paler hue. Stem erect. Brazil, 1882. A handsome plant.

A. Veitchii(Veitch's).*l.ovate-oblong, greatly elongated, 2ft. to 3ft. long, with a breadth of less than one-third of these dimensions, leathery, deep green, with a glossy metallic surface when first expanded that becomes paler with age; the principal nerves are arched and deeply sunk, imparting a curiously waved appearance to the surface.h.2½ft. Columbia, 1877. Rare but very handsome.

A. Waluiewi(Walujew's).*l.broadly cordate, 12in. to 14in. long, 8in. to 10in. broad, olive metallic green, when young, bright reddish crimson; petioles four to five-angled.h.2ft. Venezuela, 1880. A very distinct and noble species.

A. Waroqueanum(Waroque's).*l.elongated, from 24in. to sometimes 36in. long, and 8in. to 11in. broad, very rich deep green, of a velvety lustre; midribs and veins light, forming a very pleasing contrast. Columbia, 1878. A very free grower.

A. Wildenowii(Wildenow's). A synonym ofA. lanceolatum.

It may be here remarked that by far the majority of species enumerated in theSupplementof Johnson's Dictionary are chiefly of botanical interest, and will, therefore, never become extensively cultivated.

ANTHYLLIS(fromanthos, a flower, andioulos, down; flowers usually downy). Kidney Vetch. ORD.Leguminosæ. Herbaceous or sub-shrubby plants, of variable habit. Flowers in spikes or heads; calyx tubular, five toothed, permanent after flowering, more or less inflated. Petals nearly equal. Although not extensively grown, all the species are very beautiful when in flower, the hardy sorts being admirably adapted for rockwork. The herbaceous perennials may be easily propagated by seed or division. The seeds of the annual kinds should be sown in a rather dry, warm situation in the open ground. The shrubby evergreens will need the protection of a frame or cool greenhouse in cold northern climates, and are best grown in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat. Young cuttings of most species will root in a pot of sandy soil, with a bell glass placed over them, in a cool house or frame.

A. Barba-Jovis(Jupiter's beard).*fl.pale yellow, numerous, in globose, bracteate heads. March.l.pinnate, and are as well as the branches, clothed with silky tomentum; leaflets nine to thirteen, oblong-linear.h.4ft. to 8ft. Spain, 1640. Shrub.A. erinacea(prickly).*fl.bluish-purple; heads few flowered, on short peduncles, bracteate. April.l.very few, oval, or oblong.h.6in. to 12in. Spain, 1759. A much branched, spiny, almost leafless, and slow-growing species; hardy in a dry sunny position on the rockery. SYN.Erinacea hispanica.A. Hermanniæ(Hermann's).fl.yellow; heads few flowered, nearly sessile in the axils of the upper leaves. April.l.almost sessile, simple, or trifoliate; leaflets oblong-cuneated, glabrous or clothed with adpressed pubescence.h.2ft. to 4ft. Corsica, 1739. Shrubby, much branched.A. montana(mountain).*fl.pink or purplish, in dense heads, on peduncles, with a leafy involucre. June.l.pinnate, and are as well as the branches, silky and hoary; leaflets numerous, oval-oblong, acute, small, entire.h.3in. to 6in. Alps of Europe, 1769. A very handsome little rock plant, with a dwarf and tufted habit.A. tetraphylla(four-leaved).fl.white; heads axillary, sessile, few flowered. July.l.pinnate, the terminal leaflets ovate and large, the other three small and acute. South Europe, 1640. A procumbent annual.A. Vulneraria(Common Woundwort).*fl.generally yellow, sometimes white, red, or pinkish, in crowded twin heads. Summer.l.pinnate, with five or more unequal leaflets; the lower ones smallest. An elegant native herbaceous, perennial, admirably adapted for rockwork. It is plentiful in most dry pastures. There are several varieties, the best of which isalba.

A. erinacea(prickly).*fl.bluish-purple; heads few flowered, on short peduncles, bracteate. April.l.very few, oval, or oblong.h.6in. to 12in. Spain, 1759. A much branched, spiny, almost leafless, and slow-growing species; hardy in a dry sunny position on the rockery. SYN.Erinacea hispanica.

A. Hermanniæ(Hermann's).fl.yellow; heads few flowered, nearly sessile in the axils of the upper leaves. April.l.almost sessile, simple, or trifoliate; leaflets oblong-cuneated, glabrous or clothed with adpressed pubescence.h.2ft. to 4ft. Corsica, 1739. Shrubby, much branched.

A. montana(mountain).*fl.pink or purplish, in dense heads, on peduncles, with a leafy involucre. June.l.pinnate, and are as well as the branches, silky and hoary; leaflets numerous, oval-oblong, acute, small, entire.h.3in. to 6in. Alps of Europe, 1769. A very handsome little rock plant, with a dwarf and tufted habit.

A. tetraphylla(four-leaved).fl.white; heads axillary, sessile, few flowered. July.l.pinnate, the terminal leaflets ovate and large, the other three small and acute. South Europe, 1640. A procumbent annual.

A. Vulneraria(Common Woundwort).*fl.generally yellow, sometimes white, red, or pinkish, in crowded twin heads. Summer.l.pinnate, with five or more unequal leaflets; the lower ones smallest. An elegant native herbaceous, perennial, admirably adapted for rockwork. It is plentiful in most dry pastures. There are several varieties, the best of which isalba.

ANTIARIS TOXICARIA.This is the famous Upas tree of Java, from which is obtained poison of a most deadly nature. It belongs to the NAT. ORD.Urticaceæ.

ANTIGONON(fromanti, against, or opposite, andgonia, an angle). ORD.Polygonaceæ. Elegant stove climbers. Flowers racemose, cirrhose at the apex of the rachides; petals five, three outer ones broadly cordate, two inner oblong. Leaves alternate, cordate. Although extremelyhandsome plants, they are difficult to flower. They seem to succeed best when planted out in a very thoroughly drained border over hot-water pipes or flues, the long climbing stems being trained near the glass in full light.

A. amabile(lovely).*fl.bright rose, profusely borne in axillary and terminal racemes.l.3in. to 5in. long, ovate-cordate, and deeply lobed at the base. It is of free slender growth, the young shoots are pubescent, and having a slight reddish tinge. An exceedingly attractive and effective species.A. guatemalensis(Guatemala). Probably the same asA. insigne.A. insigne(remarkable).*fl.very numerous, borne in tufts along the sides of long racemes or panicles, which terminate in branched tendrils; the calyx, which is the showy part of the flower, has five membranous sepals, the three outer are of a beautiful rosy pink colour, about 1in. in length by rather less in breadth, cordate at the base, oblong, rounded towards the apex; the two inner sepals about the same length as the outer ones, but much narrower, falcate, lanceolate; pedicels ¾in. long.l.broadly ovate oblong, deeply cordate at the base, with two rounded lobes; 4in. by 3in., the upper ones smaller, supported on short terete downy stalks. Stems slender, angular, pubescent. Columbia, 1876.A. leptopus(slender-stemmed).fl.numerous; the outer three sepals of a beautiful rose colour, the centre of a much deeper tint; racemes secund, bearing several coloured bracts as well as flowers, and end in a branched tendril.l.alternate, cordate, petiolate. Stem slender, sub-pubescent. Mexico, 1868.

A. guatemalensis(Guatemala). Probably the same asA. insigne.

A. insigne(remarkable).*fl.very numerous, borne in tufts along the sides of long racemes or panicles, which terminate in branched tendrils; the calyx, which is the showy part of the flower, has five membranous sepals, the three outer are of a beautiful rosy pink colour, about 1in. in length by rather less in breadth, cordate at the base, oblong, rounded towards the apex; the two inner sepals about the same length as the outer ones, but much narrower, falcate, lanceolate; pedicels ¾in. long.l.broadly ovate oblong, deeply cordate at the base, with two rounded lobes; 4in. by 3in., the upper ones smaller, supported on short terete downy stalks. Stems slender, angular, pubescent. Columbia, 1876.

A. leptopus(slender-stemmed).fl.numerous; the outer three sepals of a beautiful rose colour, the centre of a much deeper tint; racemes secund, bearing several coloured bracts as well as flowers, and end in a branched tendril.l.alternate, cordate, petiolate. Stem slender, sub-pubescent. Mexico, 1868.

ANTIGRAMME.SeeScolopendrium.

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