FIG. 170. ASPLENIUMCETERACH.
FIG. 170. ASPLENIUMCETERACH.
FIG. 170. ASPLENIUMCETERACH.
A. Ceterach.* Scale or Scaly Fern.sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 3in. long, scaly.fronds4in. to 6in. long, ½in to 1in. broad, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into alternate, blunt, sub-entire, broadly-oblong or roundish pinnæ, with a rounded sinus between them; upper surface naked, lower densely clothed with deep brown membranous scales.sorilinear oblique. Britain, throughout Europe, Northern Asia, &c. This is a variable species, but the forms do not remain constant under cultivation. It should be firmly planted in a vertical chink of the rockery in loam, lime rubbish, rock chippings, and sand, and be watered freely during the summer. SYN.Ceterach officinarum. See Fig. 170.A. C. aureum(golden).* A large variety, producing fronds from 9in. to 15in. long, 1½in. to 3in. broad, and pinnæ more oblong than the type; scales toothed. Canaries and Madeira. This is a charming fern, requiring greenhouse treatment. SYN.Ceterach aureum.A. cicutarium(Cicuta-leaved).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, tripinnate, with ten to fifteen horizontal pinnæ on each side, the lower ones 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinnules, which are ⅜in. to ½in. long, ¼in. broad, obliquely-truncate on the lower side; segments once or twice cleft at the apex.soriprincipally in two rows along the pinnules. Tropical America, &c. Stove species.A. Colensoi(Colenso's).sti.tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, tripinnatifid, with numerous rather rigid erecto-patent pinnæ, the lower on stalks ¼in. to ½in. long; lower pinnules spreading, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, with linear segments.sorioblong, solitary. New Zealand. A beautiful greenhouse species. SYN.A. Hookerianum.A. compressum(compressed).sti.tufted, 6in. to 8in. long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 8in. to 12in. broad, simply pinnate, lanceolate-oblong, with ten to twenty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, about 1in. broad, acute or bluntish at the point, edge slightly dentate, the upper ones decurrent at the base upon the stout fleshy compressed rachis, the upper side narrowed suddenly at about a right angle, the lower one obliquely truncate.soribroad, distant, not reaching either the midrib or edge. St. Helena. Stove or greenhouse species.A. contiguum(contiguous).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with twenty to thirty horizontal sub-falcate pinnæ on each side, which are acuminated at the apex; edge more or less serrated, the base narrowed suddenly, and sometimes auricled on the upper, obliquely truncate in a curve on the lower side.soriclose, copious, falling considerably short of the margin. Sandwich Isles. Greenhouse species.A. crenatum(crenated).*sti.6in. to 12in. long, scattered.fronds9in. to 15in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate, with nine to twelve pinnæ on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6in. to 9in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, cut down to the rachis except towards the point on each side into four to six blunt oblong segments, two lines long, one line broad, which are bluntly toothed.soritwo to six to a segment, oblong, usually nearly straight, often double. Scandinavia, &c. Hardy species.A. cultrifolium(hook-leaved).*sti.4in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, bipinnate, deltoid-ovate, with a lobed terminal point and six to ten pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, acute; edge broadly toothed, sometimes lobed below nearly or quite to the rachis, the base nearly at a right angle on the upper, but obliquely truncate on the lower side.sorifalling short both of the edge and midrib. West Indies, 1820. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium cultrifolium.A. cuneatum(wedge-shaped).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, tripinnatifid, narrow-deltoid, with numerous spreading pinnæ on each side, the lower 3in. to 4in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several distinct ovate-cuneate pinnules, which are dentate and cut down in the lower part nearly or quite to the rachis.sorilinear, sub-flabellate. West Indies, and widely distributed in both hemispheres, 1832. A very handsome stove species.A. Dalhousiæ(Dalhouse's). Synonymous withA. alternans.A. decussatum(decussate).sti.1ft. to 2ft. long.fronds2ft. to 4ft. long, simply pinnate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, which are 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, often proliferous in the axils; edge nearly entire.sorireaching nearly to the edge, and copiously double. Polynesian and Malayan Islands, &c. Stove species. SYN.Anisogonium decussatum.A. dentatum(dentated).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 6in. long.fertile fronds2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, with six to eight pairs of stalked, sub-opposite pinnæ, which are ½in. broad, ⅜in. deep, oblong-rhomboidal, the lower side at the base truncate in a curve, the outer edge irregularly crenate.sterile frondssmaller, on shorter stalks.soricopious, in two parallel rows. West Indies, &c., 1820. A pretty little greenhouse species.A. dimidiatum(unequal-sided).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, deltoid, simply pinnate, with six to nine opposite pairs of pinnæ, which are 2in. to 3in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, acuminated, sharply serrated.soriradiant, narrow, long linear. Tropical America. Stove species.A. dimorphum(two-formed).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 12in. to 15in. broad, ovate-deltoid, sterile and fertile ones different or combined; lower pinnæ ovate-deltoid, 6in. to 8in. long, 2in. broad, bluntly toothed, and the base on the lower side obliquely truncate; fertile pinnæ the same size, but with very narrow simple or forked pinnules.sorilinear, solitary, marginal. Norfolk Island. One of the handsomest warm greenhouse species. SYNS.A. diversifolium(of gardens), andDarea dimorpha.A. diplazioides(Diplazium-like). A synonym ofA. Arnottii.A. diversifolium(diverse-leaved). A garden synonym ofA. dimorphum.A. diversifolium(diverse-leaved). Synonymous withA. maximum.A. ebeneum(ebony-stalked).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, linear-lanceolate, with twenty to forty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are about 1in. long, ⅛in. broad; point acute or bluntish; edge faintly serrate; base hastately auricled, often cordate.soriten to twelve on each side, oblong, short. Canada, &c., widely distributed, 1779. Greenhouse species.A. ebenoidesis very like this, but the pinnæ are not cut down to the rachis, and the frond has an elongated point, which is only sinuated with a single row of sori on each side.A. erectum(erect). Synonymous withA. lunulatum.A. erosum(bitten).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, with nine to fifteen pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, the edge slightly lobed and crenato-dentate, the point acuminate, the two sides unequal.sorifalling short of the edge. West Indies. Stove species.A. esculentum(edible).*cau.sub-arborescent.sti.1ft. to 2ft. long.fronds4ft. to 6ft. long, pinnate or bipinnate; lower pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad; pinnules 3in. to 6in. long, about 1in. broad, acuminate; edge more or less deeply lobed; base narrowed suddenly, often auricled; lines ofsorioften on all the lateral veinlets. India, &c., 1822. Stove species. SYN.Anisogonium esculentum.A. extensum(extended).sti.tufted, 4in. to 6in. long.fronds12in. to 24in. long, about 1in. broad, with twenty to forty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are ½in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. deep, blunt and entire, the upper side rather the broadest and often cordate, the lower merely rounded at the base.sorilinear-oblong, two or three on each side of the midrib. Andes of Columbia and Peru. A very rare greenhouse species, allied to our nativeA. Trichomanes.A. Fabianum(Fabia's). Synonymous withA. bulbiferum Fabianum.A. falcatum(hooked).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, lanceolate, with six to twenty stalked, nearly horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 3in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad, acuminated, the edges lobed often one-third of the way down, and the lobes sharply toothed, the two sides unequal, and the lower one at the base obliquely truncate.soriin long irregular lines reaching nearly to the edge. Polynesian Islands, &c., widely distributed. A very elegant greenhouse species.A. fejeense(Fijian).*rhiz.wide-climbing.sti.6in. long, scaly below.fronds18in. to 24in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, lanceolate, caudate, or acuminate at the apex, and often proliferous, narrowed below to a truncate base, the margin nearly entire.sorireaching from the midrib nearly to the edges. Fiji, Samoa. &c. Stove species.A. Fernandesianum(Juan Fernandez). A variety ofA. lunulatum.A. Filix-fœmina(Lady Fern).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds1ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinnate pinnæ, the lower ones spreading, lanceolate, 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad; pinnules deeply inciso-pinnatifid.sorilinear-oblong, the lower ones often curved. Britain, and world-wide in its distribution. SYN.Athyrium Filix-fœmina. This handsome deciduous species has a great number of varieties, the most important of which are described below:A. F.-f. acrocladon(summit-branched).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, slender, bi- or tripinnate, the lower part very narrow, with the apices of the pinnæ sometimes crested; upper portion of the frond freely branched, divisions narrow and crested, the whole forming a broad head.A. F.-f. acuminatum(taper-pointed).*fronds9in. to 12in. long, lanceolate-acuminate in outline, with closely set pinnæ, which are similarly characterised, and particularly tapering at the apices.A. F.-f. apiculatum(apiculate).*fronds6in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, lanceolate-acuminate in outline, with variously furcate apices; pinnæ closely set with distinctly acuminated apices, and small roundish obtuse serrated pinnules.A. F.-f. Applebyanum(Appleby's).*frondsnarrow, 12in. to 24in. long, with short blunt pinnæ, while the extremities are dilated into a broad furcated crest, which is very striking upon such a narrow frond.A. F.-f. Barnesii(Barnes's).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, 3in. to 4in. wide, lanceolate in outline, abrupt at the top, bipinnate; pinnæ alternate, closely set, lanceolate, acutely pointed, with densely set, narrow, acutely serrate pinnules, with a very membranous texture.A. F.-f. calothrix(beautiful-hair).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, copiously divided into exquisitely fine segments, so that the fronds present a very light and delicate appearance.A. F.-f. contortum(contorted).*frondsvery diversified, the various pinnæ occasionally combining the characters of the varietiesApplebyanumandVictoriæ.A. F.-f. coronatum(coronate).*fronds6in. to 12in. long, 2in. wide; pinnæ distinctly forked, sometimes slightly crested at the apices; the upper extremity of the frond copiously forked, and by the ramification of the divisions a broad crest is formed, about 3in. to 4in. across.A. F.-f. corymbiferum(corymbose).*fronds12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 7in. broad, lanceolate-acuminate in general outline; pinnæ closely set, usually forked and crested at the apices, while the extremities of the fronds are dilated into broad crests, nearly or quite as wide at the broadest portion of the frond.A. F.-f. crispum(crispy or curled).*fronds6in. long, densely set with very finely divided pinnæ, which are thickly curled, presenting a crispy appearance.A. F.-f. dissectum(dissected).*fronds6in. to 12in. long, ovate or broadly lanceolate in form, with irregular and unequal pinnæ; the pinnules also differ very much, and are deeply cut, nearly down to the rachises.A. F.-f. Elworthii(Elworth's).*fronds12in. to 20in. long, lanceolate, tripinnate, terminated with a very dense crest, from 4in. to 6in. across; pinnæ and frequently the pinnules also more or less forked and crested.A. F.-f. Fieldiæ(Field's).*fronds12in. to 20in. long, narrow, with regular or variously-forked divided pinnæ, sometimes arranged crosswise, with a very graceful disposition.A. F.-f. Friselliæ(Frisell's).*frondspendent, sometimes 2ft. long, rarely exceeding 1in. wide, bi- or tripinnate; pinnæ alternate, imbricated, flabellate, with the margins of the pinnules or ultimate divisions dentated.A. F.-f. grandiceps(large-crested).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, lanceolate in outline, copiously forked both at the extremities of the pinnæ and frond. The latter is furnished with a very large globose crest, which causes the frond to present a beautifully arched appearance.A. F-f. Grantæ(Grant's).*fronds9in. to 12in. long, lanceolate, or broadly so, very thickly set with pinnæ, copiously divided, with the apices of the latter turned up, so that the plant has a crisp or bristly appearance.A. F.-f. Jonesii(Jones's).*fronds12in. to 18in. long, oblong-lanceolate in outline, slightly acuminate, bipinnate, furnished at the extremities with a small crest; pinnæ alternate, copiously forked and crested at the apices, even having larger crests than the one at the upper extremity of the frond; pinnules narrow, dentate, slightly crested.A. F.-f. minimum(smallest).*fronds4in. to 6in. long, 1in. wide, lanceolate, bipinnate; pinnules densely set, imbricated, and crispy.A. F.-f. Moorei(Moore's).*fronds4in. to 8in. long, linear, terminated with a broad tasselled crest, 3in. or more in diameter; pinnæ small, scattered, variously forked, crested, and slender.A. F.-f. multifidum(many-fid).* A very vigorous growing variety, producing fronds as large as those of the type, terminated with large tasselled crests; pinnæ and pinnules narrow, the former furnished with small crested apices. A variety known asnanummuch resembles the foregoing, but the crests are more dense, and the fronds are usually not more than half the length.A. F.-f. pannosum(pannose).*fronds10in. to 20in. long, lanceolate in outline, from 4in. to 6in. in the broadest part, bi- or (rarely) tripinnate; pinnæ thickly set, closely alternated, lanceolate-acuminate in form, with deep cut pinnules, and distinctly but irregularly lobed; the whole frond is frequently tinged with reddish-purple.A. F.-f. plumosum(feathery).*fronds12in. to 30in. long, 4in. to 10in. broad, broadly lanceolate in outline, tripinnate, beautifully arched; pinnæ of the same form as the frond, copiously divided; pinnules again divided into very fine segments. There are several forms of this charming variety.A. F.-f. Pritchardii(Pritchard's).*fronds12in. to 30in. long, very narrow, tapering especially towards the apices; pinnæ decussate, imbricate, rather irregular, with the margins of the pinnules dentate. There is also a variety namedcristatum, which is finely crested at the apices of the pinnæ, and is particularly striking.A. F.-f. ramosa(branched).*fronds9in. to 12in. long, the lower portion sparsely set with short irregular pinnæ, sharply cut into finely dentate pinnules; the upper part is divided into two main branches, which are again variously forked, and furnished with short pinnæ, the ultimate divisions furcate and slightly crested.A. F.-f. scopæ(heavily-crested).*fronds6in. to 16in. long, with a few scattered irregular pinnæ along the main rachis; some of the pinnæ are almost obsolete, while others are an inch long with oblong-dentate pinnules and a heavy terminal crest; the upper portion has several ramifications, each of which is copiously forked and heavily crested, the whole forming a corymbose head 3in. or 4in. in diameter, which gives the plant a pendent habit.A. F.-f. sub-lunatum(half-crescent-shaped).*fronds9in. to 20in. long, less than 1in. wide, with curious alternated, nearly crescent-shaped, much contracted pinnæ, sparingly divided, arching.A. F.-f. Victoriæ(Victoria's).*frondslong, lanceolate in outline, with the apices crested, as well as those of the pinnæ; the latter are forked at the base, the divisions being divergent, and crossing those of the neighbouring pinnæ. A form namedgracilishas narrower fronds, is more compact, and cresting rather thicker. There is also another form namedlineare, having very small heavily crested fronds, and an extremely elegant appearance. The foregoing are the most important varieties, but a very comparative few of the total number. Although forms of an essentially hardy species, the greater number—and particularly the rarer sorts—should have a winter protection; or, what is far more preferable and satisfactory, they should be grown in the frame or temperate fernery.A. firmum(firm-textured). Synonymous withA. abscissum.A. fissum(cut).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 6in. long.fronds2in. to 5in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid, with a few distant pinnæ on each side; pinnules flabellato-cuneate, deeply pinnatifid; ultimate segments under half a line broad.sorilinear-oblong, when mature occupying the whole breadth of the segments. South Europe. A pretty little frame or greenhouse species.A. flabellifolium(fan-leaved).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.frondsprocumbent, wide straggling, elongated, and rooting at the apex, 6in. to 12in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, with ten to fifteen sessile flabellate pinnæ on each side, which are ¼in. to ½in. each way, broadly lobed; lobes sharply toothed, the base cut away in a curve on the lower side.sorioblique, irregular, copious. Temperate Australia, &c. Greenhouse species.A. f. majus(greater). This is a larger form, with longer fronds and broader pinnæ.A. flaccidum(relaxed).sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds1ft. to 3ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, often pendent, with numerous lanceolate pinnæ, which are 4in. to 8in. long, and about ½in. broad, sometimes rather rigid and recurved, sometimes quite flaccid and drooping, like the main rachis, sometimes deeply pinnatifid, but more often cut down to the thick rachis in oblique or sub-falcatelinear lobes.soriin the divided form quite marginal. New Zealand, &c. SYNS.A. odontitesandDarea flaccida.A. fœniculaceum(Fennel-like). A variety ofA. fragrans.
A. Ceterach.* Scale or Scaly Fern.sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 3in. long, scaly.fronds4in. to 6in. long, ½in to 1in. broad, cut down nearly or quite to the rachis into alternate, blunt, sub-entire, broadly-oblong or roundish pinnæ, with a rounded sinus between them; upper surface naked, lower densely clothed with deep brown membranous scales.sorilinear oblique. Britain, throughout Europe, Northern Asia, &c. This is a variable species, but the forms do not remain constant under cultivation. It should be firmly planted in a vertical chink of the rockery in loam, lime rubbish, rock chippings, and sand, and be watered freely during the summer. SYN.Ceterach officinarum. See Fig. 170.
A. C. aureum(golden).* A large variety, producing fronds from 9in. to 15in. long, 1½in. to 3in. broad, and pinnæ more oblong than the type; scales toothed. Canaries and Madeira. This is a charming fern, requiring greenhouse treatment. SYN.Ceterach aureum.
A. cicutarium(Cicuta-leaved).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, tripinnate, with ten to fifteen horizontal pinnæ on each side, the lower ones 2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous ovate-rhomboidal pinnules, which are ⅜in. to ½in. long, ¼in. broad, obliquely-truncate on the lower side; segments once or twice cleft at the apex.soriprincipally in two rows along the pinnules. Tropical America, &c. Stove species.
A. Colensoi(Colenso's).sti.tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, tripinnatifid, with numerous rather rigid erecto-patent pinnæ, the lower on stalks ¼in. to ½in. long; lower pinnules spreading, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, with linear segments.sorioblong, solitary. New Zealand. A beautiful greenhouse species. SYN.A. Hookerianum.
A. compressum(compressed).sti.tufted, 6in. to 8in. long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 8in. to 12in. broad, simply pinnate, lanceolate-oblong, with ten to twenty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, about 1in. broad, acute or bluntish at the point, edge slightly dentate, the upper ones decurrent at the base upon the stout fleshy compressed rachis, the upper side narrowed suddenly at about a right angle, the lower one obliquely truncate.soribroad, distant, not reaching either the midrib or edge. St. Helena. Stove or greenhouse species.
A. contiguum(contiguous).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with twenty to thirty horizontal sub-falcate pinnæ on each side, which are acuminated at the apex; edge more or less serrated, the base narrowed suddenly, and sometimes auricled on the upper, obliquely truncate in a curve on the lower side.soriclose, copious, falling considerably short of the margin. Sandwich Isles. Greenhouse species.
A. crenatum(crenated).*sti.6in. to 12in. long, scattered.fronds9in. to 15in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate, with nine to twelve pinnæ on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6in. to 9in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, cut down to the rachis except towards the point on each side into four to six blunt oblong segments, two lines long, one line broad, which are bluntly toothed.soritwo to six to a segment, oblong, usually nearly straight, often double. Scandinavia, &c. Hardy species.
A. cultrifolium(hook-leaved).*sti.4in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, bipinnate, deltoid-ovate, with a lobed terminal point and six to ten pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, acute; edge broadly toothed, sometimes lobed below nearly or quite to the rachis, the base nearly at a right angle on the upper, but obliquely truncate on the lower side.sorifalling short both of the edge and midrib. West Indies, 1820. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium cultrifolium.
A. cuneatum(wedge-shaped).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, tripinnatifid, narrow-deltoid, with numerous spreading pinnæ on each side, the lower 3in. to 4in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid, cut down to the rachis into several distinct ovate-cuneate pinnules, which are dentate and cut down in the lower part nearly or quite to the rachis.sorilinear, sub-flabellate. West Indies, and widely distributed in both hemispheres, 1832. A very handsome stove species.
A. Dalhousiæ(Dalhouse's). Synonymous withA. alternans.
A. decussatum(decussate).sti.1ft. to 2ft. long.fronds2ft. to 4ft. long, simply pinnate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, which are 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, often proliferous in the axils; edge nearly entire.sorireaching nearly to the edge, and copiously double. Polynesian and Malayan Islands, &c. Stove species. SYN.Anisogonium decussatum.
A. dentatum(dentated).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 6in. long.fertile fronds2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, with six to eight pairs of stalked, sub-opposite pinnæ, which are ½in. broad, ⅜in. deep, oblong-rhomboidal, the lower side at the base truncate in a curve, the outer edge irregularly crenate.sterile frondssmaller, on shorter stalks.soricopious, in two parallel rows. West Indies, &c., 1820. A pretty little greenhouse species.
A. dimidiatum(unequal-sided).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, deltoid, simply pinnate, with six to nine opposite pairs of pinnæ, which are 2in. to 3in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, acuminated, sharply serrated.soriradiant, narrow, long linear. Tropical America. Stove species.
A. dimorphum(two-formed).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 12in. to 15in. broad, ovate-deltoid, sterile and fertile ones different or combined; lower pinnæ ovate-deltoid, 6in. to 8in. long, 2in. broad, bluntly toothed, and the base on the lower side obliquely truncate; fertile pinnæ the same size, but with very narrow simple or forked pinnules.sorilinear, solitary, marginal. Norfolk Island. One of the handsomest warm greenhouse species. SYNS.A. diversifolium(of gardens), andDarea dimorpha.
A. diplazioides(Diplazium-like). A synonym ofA. Arnottii.
A. diversifolium(diverse-leaved). A garden synonym ofA. dimorphum.
A. diversifolium(diverse-leaved). Synonymous withA. maximum.
A. ebeneum(ebony-stalked).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, linear-lanceolate, with twenty to forty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are about 1in. long, ⅛in. broad; point acute or bluntish; edge faintly serrate; base hastately auricled, often cordate.soriten to twelve on each side, oblong, short. Canada, &c., widely distributed, 1779. Greenhouse species.A. ebenoidesis very like this, but the pinnæ are not cut down to the rachis, and the frond has an elongated point, which is only sinuated with a single row of sori on each side.
A. erectum(erect). Synonymous withA. lunulatum.
A. erosum(bitten).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, with nine to fifteen pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, the edge slightly lobed and crenato-dentate, the point acuminate, the two sides unequal.sorifalling short of the edge. West Indies. Stove species.
A. esculentum(edible).*cau.sub-arborescent.sti.1ft. to 2ft. long.fronds4ft. to 6ft. long, pinnate or bipinnate; lower pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad; pinnules 3in. to 6in. long, about 1in. broad, acuminate; edge more or less deeply lobed; base narrowed suddenly, often auricled; lines ofsorioften on all the lateral veinlets. India, &c., 1822. Stove species. SYN.Anisogonium esculentum.
A. extensum(extended).sti.tufted, 4in. to 6in. long.fronds12in. to 24in. long, about 1in. broad, with twenty to forty sessile pinnæ on each side, which are ½in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. deep, blunt and entire, the upper side rather the broadest and often cordate, the lower merely rounded at the base.sorilinear-oblong, two or three on each side of the midrib. Andes of Columbia and Peru. A very rare greenhouse species, allied to our nativeA. Trichomanes.
A. Fabianum(Fabia's). Synonymous withA. bulbiferum Fabianum.
A. falcatum(hooked).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, lanceolate, with six to twenty stalked, nearly horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 3in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad, acuminated, the edges lobed often one-third of the way down, and the lobes sharply toothed, the two sides unequal, and the lower one at the base obliquely truncate.soriin long irregular lines reaching nearly to the edge. Polynesian Islands, &c., widely distributed. A very elegant greenhouse species.
A. fejeense(Fijian).*rhiz.wide-climbing.sti.6in. long, scaly below.fronds18in. to 24in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, lanceolate, caudate, or acuminate at the apex, and often proliferous, narrowed below to a truncate base, the margin nearly entire.sorireaching from the midrib nearly to the edges. Fiji, Samoa. &c. Stove species.
A. Fernandesianum(Juan Fernandez). A variety ofA. lunulatum.
A. Filix-fœmina(Lady Fern).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds1ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, with numerous pinnate pinnæ, the lower ones spreading, lanceolate, 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad; pinnules deeply inciso-pinnatifid.sorilinear-oblong, the lower ones often curved. Britain, and world-wide in its distribution. SYN.Athyrium Filix-fœmina. This handsome deciduous species has a great number of varieties, the most important of which are described below:
A. F.-f. acrocladon(summit-branched).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, slender, bi- or tripinnate, the lower part very narrow, with the apices of the pinnæ sometimes crested; upper portion of the frond freely branched, divisions narrow and crested, the whole forming a broad head.
A. F.-f. acuminatum(taper-pointed).*fronds9in. to 12in. long, lanceolate-acuminate in outline, with closely set pinnæ, which are similarly characterised, and particularly tapering at the apices.
A. F.-f. apiculatum(apiculate).*fronds6in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, lanceolate-acuminate in outline, with variously furcate apices; pinnæ closely set with distinctly acuminated apices, and small roundish obtuse serrated pinnules.
A. F.-f. Applebyanum(Appleby's).*frondsnarrow, 12in. to 24in. long, with short blunt pinnæ, while the extremities are dilated into a broad furcated crest, which is very striking upon such a narrow frond.
A. F.-f. Barnesii(Barnes's).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, 3in. to 4in. wide, lanceolate in outline, abrupt at the top, bipinnate; pinnæ alternate, closely set, lanceolate, acutely pointed, with densely set, narrow, acutely serrate pinnules, with a very membranous texture.
A. F.-f. calothrix(beautiful-hair).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, copiously divided into exquisitely fine segments, so that the fronds present a very light and delicate appearance.
A. F.-f. contortum(contorted).*frondsvery diversified, the various pinnæ occasionally combining the characters of the varietiesApplebyanumandVictoriæ.
A. F.-f. coronatum(coronate).*fronds6in. to 12in. long, 2in. wide; pinnæ distinctly forked, sometimes slightly crested at the apices; the upper extremity of the frond copiously forked, and by the ramification of the divisions a broad crest is formed, about 3in. to 4in. across.
A. F.-f. corymbiferum(corymbose).*fronds12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 7in. broad, lanceolate-acuminate in general outline; pinnæ closely set, usually forked and crested at the apices, while the extremities of the fronds are dilated into broad crests, nearly or quite as wide at the broadest portion of the frond.
A. F.-f. crispum(crispy or curled).*fronds6in. long, densely set with very finely divided pinnæ, which are thickly curled, presenting a crispy appearance.
A. F.-f. dissectum(dissected).*fronds6in. to 12in. long, ovate or broadly lanceolate in form, with irregular and unequal pinnæ; the pinnules also differ very much, and are deeply cut, nearly down to the rachises.
A. F.-f. Elworthii(Elworth's).*fronds12in. to 20in. long, lanceolate, tripinnate, terminated with a very dense crest, from 4in. to 6in. across; pinnæ and frequently the pinnules also more or less forked and crested.
A. F.-f. Fieldiæ(Field's).*fronds12in. to 20in. long, narrow, with regular or variously-forked divided pinnæ, sometimes arranged crosswise, with a very graceful disposition.
A. F.-f. Friselliæ(Frisell's).*frondspendent, sometimes 2ft. long, rarely exceeding 1in. wide, bi- or tripinnate; pinnæ alternate, imbricated, flabellate, with the margins of the pinnules or ultimate divisions dentated.
A. F.-f. grandiceps(large-crested).*fronds9in. to 15in. long, lanceolate in outline, copiously forked both at the extremities of the pinnæ and frond. The latter is furnished with a very large globose crest, which causes the frond to present a beautifully arched appearance.
A. F-f. Grantæ(Grant's).*fronds9in. to 12in. long, lanceolate, or broadly so, very thickly set with pinnæ, copiously divided, with the apices of the latter turned up, so that the plant has a crisp or bristly appearance.
A. F.-f. Jonesii(Jones's).*fronds12in. to 18in. long, oblong-lanceolate in outline, slightly acuminate, bipinnate, furnished at the extremities with a small crest; pinnæ alternate, copiously forked and crested at the apices, even having larger crests than the one at the upper extremity of the frond; pinnules narrow, dentate, slightly crested.
A. F.-f. minimum(smallest).*fronds4in. to 6in. long, 1in. wide, lanceolate, bipinnate; pinnules densely set, imbricated, and crispy.
A. F.-f. Moorei(Moore's).*fronds4in. to 8in. long, linear, terminated with a broad tasselled crest, 3in. or more in diameter; pinnæ small, scattered, variously forked, crested, and slender.
A. F.-f. multifidum(many-fid).* A very vigorous growing variety, producing fronds as large as those of the type, terminated with large tasselled crests; pinnæ and pinnules narrow, the former furnished with small crested apices. A variety known asnanummuch resembles the foregoing, but the crests are more dense, and the fronds are usually not more than half the length.
A. F.-f. pannosum(pannose).*fronds10in. to 20in. long, lanceolate in outline, from 4in. to 6in. in the broadest part, bi- or (rarely) tripinnate; pinnæ thickly set, closely alternated, lanceolate-acuminate in form, with deep cut pinnules, and distinctly but irregularly lobed; the whole frond is frequently tinged with reddish-purple.
A. F.-f. plumosum(feathery).*fronds12in. to 30in. long, 4in. to 10in. broad, broadly lanceolate in outline, tripinnate, beautifully arched; pinnæ of the same form as the frond, copiously divided; pinnules again divided into very fine segments. There are several forms of this charming variety.
A. F.-f. Pritchardii(Pritchard's).*fronds12in. to 30in. long, very narrow, tapering especially towards the apices; pinnæ decussate, imbricate, rather irregular, with the margins of the pinnules dentate. There is also a variety namedcristatum, which is finely crested at the apices of the pinnæ, and is particularly striking.
A. F.-f. ramosa(branched).*fronds9in. to 12in. long, the lower portion sparsely set with short irregular pinnæ, sharply cut into finely dentate pinnules; the upper part is divided into two main branches, which are again variously forked, and furnished with short pinnæ, the ultimate divisions furcate and slightly crested.
A. F.-f. scopæ(heavily-crested).*fronds6in. to 16in. long, with a few scattered irregular pinnæ along the main rachis; some of the pinnæ are almost obsolete, while others are an inch long with oblong-dentate pinnules and a heavy terminal crest; the upper portion has several ramifications, each of which is copiously forked and heavily crested, the whole forming a corymbose head 3in. or 4in. in diameter, which gives the plant a pendent habit.
A. F.-f. sub-lunatum(half-crescent-shaped).*fronds9in. to 20in. long, less than 1in. wide, with curious alternated, nearly crescent-shaped, much contracted pinnæ, sparingly divided, arching.
A. F.-f. Victoriæ(Victoria's).*frondslong, lanceolate in outline, with the apices crested, as well as those of the pinnæ; the latter are forked at the base, the divisions being divergent, and crossing those of the neighbouring pinnæ. A form namedgracilishas narrower fronds, is more compact, and cresting rather thicker. There is also another form namedlineare, having very small heavily crested fronds, and an extremely elegant appearance. The foregoing are the most important varieties, but a very comparative few of the total number. Although forms of an essentially hardy species, the greater number—and particularly the rarer sorts—should have a winter protection; or, what is far more preferable and satisfactory, they should be grown in the frame or temperate fernery.
A. firmum(firm-textured). Synonymous withA. abscissum.
A. fissum(cut).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 6in. long.fronds2in. to 5in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad, oblong-deltoid, tripinnatifid, with a few distant pinnæ on each side; pinnules flabellato-cuneate, deeply pinnatifid; ultimate segments under half a line broad.sorilinear-oblong, when mature occupying the whole breadth of the segments. South Europe. A pretty little frame or greenhouse species.
A. flabellifolium(fan-leaved).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.frondsprocumbent, wide straggling, elongated, and rooting at the apex, 6in. to 12in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, with ten to fifteen sessile flabellate pinnæ on each side, which are ¼in. to ½in. each way, broadly lobed; lobes sharply toothed, the base cut away in a curve on the lower side.sorioblique, irregular, copious. Temperate Australia, &c. Greenhouse species.
A. f. majus(greater). This is a larger form, with longer fronds and broader pinnæ.
A. flaccidum(relaxed).sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds1ft. to 3ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, often pendent, with numerous lanceolate pinnæ, which are 4in. to 8in. long, and about ½in. broad, sometimes rather rigid and recurved, sometimes quite flaccid and drooping, like the main rachis, sometimes deeply pinnatifid, but more often cut down to the thick rachis in oblique or sub-falcatelinear lobes.soriin the divided form quite marginal. New Zealand, &c. SYNS.A. odontitesandDarea flaccida.
A. fœniculaceum(Fennel-like). A variety ofA. fragrans.
FIG. 171. ASPLENIUMFONTANUM.
FIG. 171. ASPLENIUMFONTANUM.
FIG. 171. ASPLENIUMFONTANUM.
A. fontanum(rock).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, oblong-lanceolate; lower pinnæ short, reflexed; central ones horizontal, about ½in. long; pinnules stalked, lower ones oblong, deeply inciso-pinnatifid.soricopious, covering nearly the whole under surface of the pinnule. England, &c. Hardy. This requires to be planted in a well-drained chink of the rockery, in rich gritty soil. SYN.A. Halleri.A. refractumis a well-marked variety. See Fig. 171.A. formosum(beautiful).sti.tufted, very short.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 1in. broad, with twenty to thirty sessile horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are ½in. long, one and a-half to two lines deep; upper edge deeply cut, point rather obtuse, lower edge truncate in a straight line.sorilinear-oblong, short, oblique, placed one to four on each side of the midrib. Tropical America, &c., 1822. A very elegant stove species.A. fragrans(fragrant).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long,fronds6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad, sub-deltoid, tripinnate, with numerous close placed deltoid pinnæ on each side, the lowest 3in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad; pinnules lanceolate-deltoid; segments sub-spathulate, one line broad, dentate round the outer edge.soricopious. Tropical America, 1793.A. fœniculaceumis a variety with narrowly linear ultimate segments. Both are very handsome stove plants, the latter being especially beautiful.A. Franconis(Franconis).*sti.tufted, 1ft. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 9in. to 15in. broad, deltoid, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lower ones 6in. to 8in. long, much acuminated, cut down in the lower half into distinct pinnules, 1½in. to 2in. long, ½in. broad, lanceolate, unequal sided, the edge cut half-way down below into oblong sharply-toothed lobes; the lower side obliquely truncate.soriin parallel rows, not reaching the edge. Mexico, &c. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium Franconis.A. furcatum(forked).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long,fronds6in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, which are lanceolate-deltoid, 2in. to 3in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, nearly or quite pinnate; pinnules linear-cuneate, sharply serrated on the outer edge.sorilinear, distant. Very widely distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres. A most elegant greenhouse species. SYN.A. præmorsum.A. germanicum(German).*sti.densely tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds2in. to 3in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into a few narrow flabellato-cuneate pinnæ on each side, the lowest of which are again deeply cleft.sorilinear, when mature covering the whole breadth, but falling short of the point of the pinnæ. Scotland and Norway to Hungary and Dalmatia. Hardy or frame species. SYN.A. alternifolium.A. giganteum(gigantic). A synonym ofA. radicans.A. Goringianum pictum(painted).* A very pretty form ofA. macrocarpum; the fronds are from 6in. to 18in. long, pendulous, somewhat lanceolate in form; rachis reddish, with the pinnæ next it on each side variegated, forming a central grey band throughout its entire length. Japan. Greenhouse species, or hardy in sheltered positions.A. grandifolium(large-leaved).sti.1ft. or more long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 12in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, the point pinnatifid, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side; the lower ones 2in. or more apart, distinctly stalked, 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, acuminate; edge slightly toothed, and sometimes broadly lobed below, the base equally rounded on both sides.soriirregular, falling slightly short of both midrib and edge. Tropical America, 1793. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium grandifolium.A. Grevillei(Greville's).frondsundivided, 12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, lanceolate-spathulate, narrowed to an acute apex, and suddenly below to a broadly winged stipe, which grows very gradually narrower downwards; the margin entire.soriusually extending within a short distance of the edge. India. Stove species.A. Halleri(Haller's). Synonymous withA. fontanum.A. Hemionitis(Hemionitis).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds4in. to 6in. each way, hastate, with a triangular, acute terminal lobe, and two large, cordate, acute lateral ones, again bluntly or acutely lobed at the base; the basal sinus rounded, 1in. or more deep, and the lobes on each side imbricated over one another and the petiole.sorinarrow upon the simple veins. South Europe, &c. A pretty greenhouse species. SYN.A. palmatum.A. H. cristatum(crested).* Similar in frond form and size to the species, but the apices are crested and tasselled. Where variety is sought, this should certainly be grown.A. H. multifidum(much-divided).*frondsquite as broad as long; the main divisions again freely divided or deeply cut, so as to give them a fringed outline. Azores.A. heterocarpum(various-fruited).*sti.scattered, 4in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, narrow-lanceolate, with very numerous close-placed dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are ¾in. to 1in. broad, ¼in. deep; the lower edge quite entire, the upper broadest towards the base, where it is narrowed suddenly, deeply incised throughout.sorione, or rarely two, together in the teeth. Himalayas, and widely distributed in south-eastern Asia. A very lovely stove or greenhouse species.A. heterodon(variously-toothed). Synonymous withA. vulcanicum.A. Hookerianum(Hooker's). Synonymous withA. Colensoi.A. incisum(incised).sti.tufted, 1in. to 3in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side; lower distant and blunt, central ones 1in. long, ½in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid; pinnules ovate-rhomboidal, pinnate, much truncated at the base on the lower side and deeply inciso-pinnatifid.sorilinear-oblong, one to each vein. Japan, &c. Greenhouse species.A. javanicum(Javanese).SeeAllantodia Brunoniana.A. lanceolatum(lanceolate).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad; lower pinnæ distant, 1in. to 1½in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad; pinnules oblong-rhomboidal, sharply toothed, and often broadly lobed below.soricopious, when mature covering nearly the whole under surface. South-west Europe, including southern England, &c. Hardy species.A. l. crispatum(curled).*fronds4in. to 8in. long, broadly-lanceolate, bipinnate, with the margins of the pinnules involute and sharply toothed, giving them a curled appearance.A. l. microdon(small-toothed).*fronds4in. to 6in. long, simply pinnate, with deeply lobed pinnæ, the margins of the lobes very finely dentated and toothed. A pretty little gem, well adapted for case culture.A. lanceum(lance-shaped).sti.scattered, 4in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, attenuated gradually upwards and downwards, the edge entire or slightly undulated.sorilinear, irregular, reaching nearly to the edge, but not to the midrib. Himalayas, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN.A. subsinuatumandDiplazium lanceum.A. laserpitiifolium(Laserpitium-leaved).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long, naked.fronds1ft. to 4ft. long, 4in. to 18in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, 2in. to 9in. long, and from 2in. to 6in. broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct pinnules, the lowest with rhomboidal-cuneate segments.sorishort, irregular. Polynesian Islands, North Australia, &c. A very handsome greenhouse species.A. laxum(loose). A variety ofA. bulbiferum.A. lineatum(streaked).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, with twenty to thirty pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, about ½in. broad, acuminate, dentate, nearly or quite sessile, the base cuneate.sorivery regular, reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge. Mauritius, &c. There are several forms of this species: those with small narrow cuneate pinnules,inequale; those with deeply bifid or pinnatifid pinnules,bifida. Stove species.A. longissimum(longest).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 12in. long.fronds2ft. to 8ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, lanceolate-elongate, pendulous, proliferous, and rooting at the apex, with very numerous pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 4in. long, ¼in. broad, acuminated, the two sides nearly equal, with a distinct central midrib; edge slightly toothed, the base on both sides often auricled.sorinumerous, in two regular rows on each side the midrib, and reaching nearly to the edge. Malacca, &c., 1840. A very distinct stove fern for baskets.A. lucidum(clear). A synonym ofA. obtusatum lucidum.A. lunulatum(crescent-shaped).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 18in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, simply pinnate, narrowly lanceolate-oblong, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1½in. long, ¼in. to ½in. broad, bluntish or acute, more or less deeply inciso-crenate throughout, the two sides unequal; the upper one on the base narrowed suddenly, the lower one obliquely truncate; lower pinnæ often deflexed.sorifalling short of both edge and midrib. Tropics. SYN.A. erectum.A. l. Fernandesianum(Fernandez).* A form with a more rigid rachis and sub-coriaceous, rather narrower pinnæ. Juan Fernandez.A. macrocarpum(large-fruited).sti.6in. to 9in. long.fronds12in. to 24in. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lowest 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, lanceolate; pinnules oblong-rhomboidal, inciso-crenate or pinnatifid.soricopious, large. Himalayas. Greenhouse species. SYN.Athyrium macrocarpum.A. macrophyllum(long-leaved). Synonymous withA. nitens.A. marginatum(margined).sti.2ft. to 3ft. long, strong, erect woody, about ½in. thick at the base.frondssimply pinnate, 4ft. to 6ft. long; pinnæ in several opposite pairs, the lowest 1ft. to 2ft. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, the edge entire, the base often cordate.sorilong, linear, confined to the free veins. Tropical America. Stove species. SYN.Hemidictyum marginatum.A. marinum(sea).* Sea Spleenwort.sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, apex pinnatifid; pinnæ of the lower half quite deltoid, the point acute or obtuse, margin crenato-dentate.soribroad, falling short of the edge. Europe, including Britain. Although perfectly hardy, this requires to be grown in a frame or cool house.A. m. coronans(crowned).*fronds4in. to 6in. long, simply pinnate; pinnæ for two-thirds of the way up variable in form, and irregularly lobed and cut; the upper third freely branched with numerous imbricated, curled, and slightly crested divisions, forming a dense head 2in. or more across. A dwarf and pretty form.A. m. crenatum(crenated).fronds4in. to 8in. long, broadly-lanceolate; pinnæ nearly trapeziform, obtuse, with deeply crenated margins. A very pretty form.A. m. mirabile(wonderful).*sti.2in. to 4in. long.frondsabout the same length, the rachis divided about half way down from the top into two nearly equal divisions, which are again freely forked, with the pinnules and segments obtusely lobed; the whole expanded, but not crested, into a breadth equal to the length of the frond; the lower pinnæ are more or less abnormal and bluntly lobed.A. m. plumosum(feathery).*sti.3in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, bi- or tripinnatifid, broadly-lanceolate; pinnæ very variable, closely set, and imbricated, cut nearly to the rachis into ovate or oblong divisions, which are again more or less deeply cut and lobed, the entire frond having a very elegant appearance.A. m. ramo-plumosum(branched and feathery).*frondsdivided nearly to the top of the stipes into two main branches, which are distinctly pinnate; pinnæ distant below, imbricated upwards, cut nearly to the rachis into ovate or oblong lobes, the margins of which are slightly dentated. It is a very handsome form, the width of the frond being greater than its length.A. m. ramosum(branched).frondsfrom 4in. to 8in. long, branched at the apices; pinnæ oblong, with the margins obtusely-dentate, and slightly undulated.A. m. sub-bipinnatum(half-bipinnate).fronds6in. to 12in. long, lanceolate; pinnæ distant, deeply lobed, or cut nearly to the midribs. A very rare and pretty variety.A. m. Thompsonii(Thompson's).*sti.3in. to 4in. long, smooth.fronds6in. to 10in. long, ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid; pinnæ closely set, sub-deltoid, unequal-sided, deeply cut into oblong, slightly undulated lobes below, gradually less divided upwards. A very rare and handsome variety. All the forms ofA. marinumrequire a very moist atmosphere, consequently they will not thrive in the open air, unless along the sea-coast.A. maximum(largest).cau.erect.sti.2ft. or more long.frondsseveral feet long, 2ft. to 3ft. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lowest 9in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad; pinnules sub-sessile, 2in. to 4in. long, ¾in. broad; edge more or less lobed.sorimedial, the lowest two lines long. North India. Stove species. SYNS.A. diversifoliumandDiplazium decurrens.A. melanocaulon(black-stiped).*sti.1ft. to 2ft. long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 18in. broad; lower pinnæ 4in. to 9in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, 2in. to 3in. long, ¾in. broad, cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into linear-oblong, falcate, inciso-crenate lobes.sorishort, oblong, not touching either midrib or edge. Fiji. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium melanocaulon.A. Michauxii(Michaux's).*cau.stout.sti.4in. to 8in. long.fronds9in. to 24in. long, 3in. to 9in. broad, ovate-deltoid, bi- or tripinnate; pinnules oblong, deeply serrate, or cut quite to the rachis. United States. A very handsome hardy species, closely related to the Lady Fern, of which it may be only a variety.A. monanthemum(one-flowered).*sti.densely tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, about 1in. broad, with twenty to forty horizontal, sessile, sub-dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are about ½in. long and ¼in. deep, the upper side crenate, suddenly narrowed at the base, the lower more or less distinctly cut away in a straight, or, in the lower pinnæ, decurved line.sorilinear-oblong, usually one or two, parallel with the lower edge of the pinnæ. Temperate regions of both hemispheres. Greenhouse species.A. montanum(mountain).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 3in. long.fronds2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid; lowest pinnæ distinctly stalked, deltoid, sharply serrated round the outer edge.sorishort, copious. United States, 1812. Frame or greenhouse species.A. multisectum(much-cut). Synonymous withA. aspidioides.A. musæfolium(Musa-leaved). A variety ofA. Nidus.A. myriophyllum(myriad-leaved). A variety ofA. rhizophyllum.
A. fontanum(rock).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, oblong-lanceolate; lower pinnæ short, reflexed; central ones horizontal, about ½in. long; pinnules stalked, lower ones oblong, deeply inciso-pinnatifid.soricopious, covering nearly the whole under surface of the pinnule. England, &c. Hardy. This requires to be planted in a well-drained chink of the rockery, in rich gritty soil. SYN.A. Halleri.A. refractumis a well-marked variety. See Fig. 171.
A. formosum(beautiful).sti.tufted, very short.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 1in. broad, with twenty to thirty sessile horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are ½in. long, one and a-half to two lines deep; upper edge deeply cut, point rather obtuse, lower edge truncate in a straight line.sorilinear-oblong, short, oblique, placed one to four on each side of the midrib. Tropical America, &c., 1822. A very elegant stove species.
A. fragrans(fragrant).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long,fronds6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad, sub-deltoid, tripinnate, with numerous close placed deltoid pinnæ on each side, the lowest 3in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad; pinnules lanceolate-deltoid; segments sub-spathulate, one line broad, dentate round the outer edge.soricopious. Tropical America, 1793.A. fœniculaceumis a variety with narrowly linear ultimate segments. Both are very handsome stove plants, the latter being especially beautiful.
A. Franconis(Franconis).*sti.tufted, 1ft. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 9in. to 15in. broad, deltoid, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lower ones 6in. to 8in. long, much acuminated, cut down in the lower half into distinct pinnules, 1½in. to 2in. long, ½in. broad, lanceolate, unequal sided, the edge cut half-way down below into oblong sharply-toothed lobes; the lower side obliquely truncate.soriin parallel rows, not reaching the edge. Mexico, &c. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium Franconis.
A. furcatum(forked).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long,fronds6in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, which are lanceolate-deltoid, 2in. to 3in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, nearly or quite pinnate; pinnules linear-cuneate, sharply serrated on the outer edge.sorilinear, distant. Very widely distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres. A most elegant greenhouse species. SYN.A. præmorsum.
A. germanicum(German).*sti.densely tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds2in. to 3in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into a few narrow flabellato-cuneate pinnæ on each side, the lowest of which are again deeply cleft.sorilinear, when mature covering the whole breadth, but falling short of the point of the pinnæ. Scotland and Norway to Hungary and Dalmatia. Hardy or frame species. SYN.A. alternifolium.
A. giganteum(gigantic). A synonym ofA. radicans.
A. Goringianum pictum(painted).* A very pretty form ofA. macrocarpum; the fronds are from 6in. to 18in. long, pendulous, somewhat lanceolate in form; rachis reddish, with the pinnæ next it on each side variegated, forming a central grey band throughout its entire length. Japan. Greenhouse species, or hardy in sheltered positions.
A. grandifolium(large-leaved).sti.1ft. or more long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 12in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, the point pinnatifid, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side; the lower ones 2in. or more apart, distinctly stalked, 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, acuminate; edge slightly toothed, and sometimes broadly lobed below, the base equally rounded on both sides.soriirregular, falling slightly short of both midrib and edge. Tropical America, 1793. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium grandifolium.
A. Grevillei(Greville's).frondsundivided, 12in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, lanceolate-spathulate, narrowed to an acute apex, and suddenly below to a broadly winged stipe, which grows very gradually narrower downwards; the margin entire.soriusually extending within a short distance of the edge. India. Stove species.
A. Halleri(Haller's). Synonymous withA. fontanum.
A. Hemionitis(Hemionitis).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds4in. to 6in. each way, hastate, with a triangular, acute terminal lobe, and two large, cordate, acute lateral ones, again bluntly or acutely lobed at the base; the basal sinus rounded, 1in. or more deep, and the lobes on each side imbricated over one another and the petiole.sorinarrow upon the simple veins. South Europe, &c. A pretty greenhouse species. SYN.A. palmatum.
A. H. cristatum(crested).* Similar in frond form and size to the species, but the apices are crested and tasselled. Where variety is sought, this should certainly be grown.
A. H. multifidum(much-divided).*frondsquite as broad as long; the main divisions again freely divided or deeply cut, so as to give them a fringed outline. Azores.
A. heterocarpum(various-fruited).*sti.scattered, 4in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, narrow-lanceolate, with very numerous close-placed dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are ¾in. to 1in. broad, ¼in. deep; the lower edge quite entire, the upper broadest towards the base, where it is narrowed suddenly, deeply incised throughout.sorione, or rarely two, together in the teeth. Himalayas, and widely distributed in south-eastern Asia. A very lovely stove or greenhouse species.
A. heterodon(variously-toothed). Synonymous withA. vulcanicum.
A. Hookerianum(Hooker's). Synonymous withA. Colensoi.
A. incisum(incised).sti.tufted, 1in. to 3in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side; lower distant and blunt, central ones 1in. long, ½in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid; pinnules ovate-rhomboidal, pinnate, much truncated at the base on the lower side and deeply inciso-pinnatifid.sorilinear-oblong, one to each vein. Japan, &c. Greenhouse species.
A. javanicum(Javanese).SeeAllantodia Brunoniana.
A. lanceolatum(lanceolate).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad; lower pinnæ distant, 1in. to 1½in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad; pinnules oblong-rhomboidal, sharply toothed, and often broadly lobed below.soricopious, when mature covering nearly the whole under surface. South-west Europe, including southern England, &c. Hardy species.
A. l. crispatum(curled).*fronds4in. to 8in. long, broadly-lanceolate, bipinnate, with the margins of the pinnules involute and sharply toothed, giving them a curled appearance.
A. l. microdon(small-toothed).*fronds4in. to 6in. long, simply pinnate, with deeply lobed pinnæ, the margins of the lobes very finely dentated and toothed. A pretty little gem, well adapted for case culture.
A. lanceum(lance-shaped).sti.scattered, 4in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, attenuated gradually upwards and downwards, the edge entire or slightly undulated.sorilinear, irregular, reaching nearly to the edge, but not to the midrib. Himalayas, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN.A. subsinuatumandDiplazium lanceum.
A. laserpitiifolium(Laserpitium-leaved).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long, naked.fronds1ft. to 4ft. long, 4in. to 18in. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, 2in. to 9in. long, and from 2in. to 6in. broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous distinct pinnules, the lowest with rhomboidal-cuneate segments.sorishort, irregular. Polynesian Islands, North Australia, &c. A very handsome greenhouse species.
A. laxum(loose). A variety ofA. bulbiferum.
A. lineatum(streaked).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, with twenty to thirty pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 4in. long, about ½in. broad, acuminate, dentate, nearly or quite sessile, the base cuneate.sorivery regular, reaching from the midrib nearly to the edge. Mauritius, &c. There are several forms of this species: those with small narrow cuneate pinnules,inequale; those with deeply bifid or pinnatifid pinnules,bifida. Stove species.
A. longissimum(longest).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 12in. long.fronds2ft. to 8ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, lanceolate-elongate, pendulous, proliferous, and rooting at the apex, with very numerous pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 4in. long, ¼in. broad, acuminated, the two sides nearly equal, with a distinct central midrib; edge slightly toothed, the base on both sides often auricled.sorinumerous, in two regular rows on each side the midrib, and reaching nearly to the edge. Malacca, &c., 1840. A very distinct stove fern for baskets.
A. lucidum(clear). A synonym ofA. obtusatum lucidum.
A. lunulatum(crescent-shaped).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 18in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, simply pinnate, narrowly lanceolate-oblong, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1½in. long, ¼in. to ½in. broad, bluntish or acute, more or less deeply inciso-crenate throughout, the two sides unequal; the upper one on the base narrowed suddenly, the lower one obliquely truncate; lower pinnæ often deflexed.sorifalling short of both edge and midrib. Tropics. SYN.A. erectum.
A. l. Fernandesianum(Fernandez).* A form with a more rigid rachis and sub-coriaceous, rather narrower pinnæ. Juan Fernandez.
A. macrocarpum(large-fruited).sti.6in. to 9in. long.fronds12in. to 24in. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lowest 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, lanceolate; pinnules oblong-rhomboidal, inciso-crenate or pinnatifid.soricopious, large. Himalayas. Greenhouse species. SYN.Athyrium macrocarpum.
A. macrophyllum(long-leaved). Synonymous withA. nitens.
A. marginatum(margined).sti.2ft. to 3ft. long, strong, erect woody, about ½in. thick at the base.frondssimply pinnate, 4ft. to 6ft. long; pinnæ in several opposite pairs, the lowest 1ft. to 2ft. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, the edge entire, the base often cordate.sorilong, linear, confined to the free veins. Tropical America. Stove species. SYN.Hemidictyum marginatum.
A. marinum(sea).* Sea Spleenwort.sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 18in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, apex pinnatifid; pinnæ of the lower half quite deltoid, the point acute or obtuse, margin crenato-dentate.soribroad, falling short of the edge. Europe, including Britain. Although perfectly hardy, this requires to be grown in a frame or cool house.
A. m. coronans(crowned).*fronds4in. to 6in. long, simply pinnate; pinnæ for two-thirds of the way up variable in form, and irregularly lobed and cut; the upper third freely branched with numerous imbricated, curled, and slightly crested divisions, forming a dense head 2in. or more across. A dwarf and pretty form.
A. m. crenatum(crenated).fronds4in. to 8in. long, broadly-lanceolate; pinnæ nearly trapeziform, obtuse, with deeply crenated margins. A very pretty form.
A. m. mirabile(wonderful).*sti.2in. to 4in. long.frondsabout the same length, the rachis divided about half way down from the top into two nearly equal divisions, which are again freely forked, with the pinnules and segments obtusely lobed; the whole expanded, but not crested, into a breadth equal to the length of the frond; the lower pinnæ are more or less abnormal and bluntly lobed.
A. m. plumosum(feathery).*sti.3in. to 4in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, bi- or tripinnatifid, broadly-lanceolate; pinnæ very variable, closely set, and imbricated, cut nearly to the rachis into ovate or oblong divisions, which are again more or less deeply cut and lobed, the entire frond having a very elegant appearance.
A. m. ramo-plumosum(branched and feathery).*frondsdivided nearly to the top of the stipes into two main branches, which are distinctly pinnate; pinnæ distant below, imbricated upwards, cut nearly to the rachis into ovate or oblong lobes, the margins of which are slightly dentated. It is a very handsome form, the width of the frond being greater than its length.
A. m. ramosum(branched).frondsfrom 4in. to 8in. long, branched at the apices; pinnæ oblong, with the margins obtusely-dentate, and slightly undulated.
A. m. sub-bipinnatum(half-bipinnate).fronds6in. to 12in. long, lanceolate; pinnæ distant, deeply lobed, or cut nearly to the midribs. A very rare and pretty variety.
A. m. Thompsonii(Thompson's).*sti.3in. to 4in. long, smooth.fronds6in. to 10in. long, ovate-lanceolate, bipinnatifid; pinnæ closely set, sub-deltoid, unequal-sided, deeply cut into oblong, slightly undulated lobes below, gradually less divided upwards. A very rare and handsome variety. All the forms ofA. marinumrequire a very moist atmosphere, consequently they will not thrive in the open air, unless along the sea-coast.
A. maximum(largest).cau.erect.sti.2ft. or more long.frondsseveral feet long, 2ft. to 3ft. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, with numerous pinnæ on each side, the lowest 9in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad; pinnules sub-sessile, 2in. to 4in. long, ¾in. broad; edge more or less lobed.sorimedial, the lowest two lines long. North India. Stove species. SYNS.A. diversifoliumandDiplazium decurrens.
A. melanocaulon(black-stiped).*sti.1ft. to 2ft. long.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 18in. broad; lower pinnæ 4in. to 9in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, 2in. to 3in. long, ¾in. broad, cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis into linear-oblong, falcate, inciso-crenate lobes.sorishort, oblong, not touching either midrib or edge. Fiji. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium melanocaulon.
A. Michauxii(Michaux's).*cau.stout.sti.4in. to 8in. long.fronds9in. to 24in. long, 3in. to 9in. broad, ovate-deltoid, bi- or tripinnate; pinnules oblong, deeply serrate, or cut quite to the rachis. United States. A very handsome hardy species, closely related to the Lady Fern, of which it may be only a variety.
A. monanthemum(one-flowered).*sti.densely tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, about 1in. broad, with twenty to forty horizontal, sessile, sub-dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are about ½in. long and ¼in. deep, the upper side crenate, suddenly narrowed at the base, the lower more or less distinctly cut away in a straight, or, in the lower pinnæ, decurved line.sorilinear-oblong, usually one or two, parallel with the lower edge of the pinnæ. Temperate regions of both hemispheres. Greenhouse species.
A. montanum(mountain).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 3in. long.fronds2in. to 3in. long, 1in. broad, lanceolate-deltoid; lowest pinnæ distinctly stalked, deltoid, sharply serrated round the outer edge.sorishort, copious. United States, 1812. Frame or greenhouse species.
A. multisectum(much-cut). Synonymous withA. aspidioides.
A. musæfolium(Musa-leaved). A variety ofA. Nidus.
A. myriophyllum(myriad-leaved). A variety ofA. rhizophyllum.
FIG. 172. ASPLENIUMNIDUS.
FIG. 172. ASPLENIUMNIDUS.
FIG. 172. ASPLENIUMNIDUS.
A. Nidus(nest).* Bird's-nest Fern.frondsundivided, 2ft. to 4ft. long, 3in. to 8in. broad, lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, tapering gradually below into a short stem; the edge entire, the midrib rounded on the back; veins fine and parallel, about ½in. apart.sorireaching about half way towards the margin. India, &c., 1820. SYN.A. australasicum. See Fig. 172.A. N. australasicum(Australian). Midrib keeled on the back, often black. Australia, &c. The two former are best treated in the stove; the latter thrives well in the greenhouse. SYN.Thamnopteris australasicum.A. N. musæfolium(Musa-leaved).*frondslarger, sometimes 6ft. long, 1ft. broad.soriextending nearly to the edge.A. nitens(shining).sti.scattered, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds1½in. to 2in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, with twelve to twenty ascending or sub-falcate pinnæ on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad, much acuminated; edge finely toothed, base broadly rounded on the upper, truncate in a curve on the lower side.soriin close regular rows, not extending more than half way from the midrib to the edge. Mauritius. Stove species. SYN.A. macrophyllum, of gardens only.A. nitidum(shining).*sti.1ft. long, naked.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, with many lanceolate-deltoid pinnæ on each side, which are cut down to the rachis into numerous stalked deltoid pinnules, these are again cut into broad fan-shaped cuneate segments, sharply serrated round the outer edge.sorishort. North India, Ceylon, &c. Greenhouse species.A. novæ-caledoniæ(New Caledonian).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, sub-deltoid, tripinnate; lower pinnæ and pinnules deltoid; segments rigid, scarcely flattened, ½in. or more long, distant, and erecto-patent.sorilong, linear, marginal. New Caledonia. A rare greenhouse species. SYN.Darea novæ-caledoniæ.A. obtusatum(obtuse).sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, oblong or ovate-deltoid, with a terminal pinna not much longer than the others, and two to six pairs on each side, which are 1in. to 2in. long and about ½in. broad, obtuse, edge crenate, the base truncato-cuneate, shortly stalked.soricopious, broad, linear-oblong, falling short of the edge. Peru.A. difformeis a variety with an ovate-deltoid frond, and the pinnæ cut quite down to a narrow-winged rachis in the lower part into distinctly separated roundish or oblong-sinuated pinnules. New Zealand, Australia, &c. Greenhouse kinds.A. o. lucidum(clear).*frondsoften 2ft. long, with fifteen to twenty pairs of pinnæ on each side, which are more herbaceous in texture, darker green in colour, the lowest 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, narrowed gradually to a long acuminated point, edge more deeply toothed. Greenhouse variety. SYN.A. lucidum.A. obtusifolium(obtuse-leaved).*sti.almost tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, ovate-lanceo-late, with twelve to twenty stalked horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 3in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, acute; edges slightly undulato-crenate, the upper side with a distinct auricle at the base, and then narrowed suddenly, the lower side obliquely truncate.soridistant, in two regular rows, falling short of the edge. West Indies, &c., 1838. Stove species.A. obtusilobum(obtuse-lobed).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds4in. to 6in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, with nine to twelve sub-deltoid pinnæ on each side, of which only the inner third on the lower side is cut away, the largest nearly 1in. long, ¾in. broad; lowest pinnules ⅜in. deep, flabellately cut into three to five linear blunt lobes.sorisub-marginal. New Hebrides, 1861. A very pretty little stove species. SYN.Darea obtusiloba.A. odontites(much-toothed). Synonymous withA. flaccidum.A. oxyphyllum(sharp-leaved).*sti.firm, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, lanceolate, with several pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, in the larger forms again pinnatifid; teeth mucronate.soriin two rows on the pinnæ or pinnules midway between the midrib and edge. Himalayas. A very variable greenhouse species. SYNS.Athyrium oxyphyllaandLastrea eburnea.A. paleaceum(scaly).*sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 3in. long, spreading, densely scaly.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, sometimes proliferous and rooting at the apex, with twelve to twenty sub-sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. long, about ½in. broad, bluntish; edge inciso-dentate, the upper base auricled and narrowed suddenly, the lower obliquely-truncate; the lower ones stalked, and nearly as broad as long.sorilinear, extending nearly to the edge. Tropical Australia. Stove or warm greenhouse species.A. palmatum(palmate). Synonymous withA. Hemionitis.A. parvulum(small). Synonymous withA. trilobum.A. persicifolium(Peach-leaved).sti.andrachisgrey, with a few scattered minute grey scales.frondsoblong-lanceolate, 2ft. to 3ft. long, often gemmiferous at the apex; pinnæ ascending, fifteen to thirty-jugate, sub-petiolate, 4in. to 5in. long, linear-ligulate-acuminate, ½in. to ¾in. broad, distinctly crenate throughout.soriregular, reaching nearly to midrib and edge. Philippine and Sandwich Isles. Stove species.A. Petrarchæ(Petrarch's).*sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 2in. long.fronds2in. to 3in. long, ½in. broad, linear-lanceolate, with six to ten horizontal sessile pinnæ on each side, which are ¼in. long and nearly as much broad, cordate-ovate, blunt; edge sinuated; the base unequal, slightly truncate on the lower side.sorioblong, very short, four to six on each side of the midrib. South Europe, 1819. A very rare little gem, best treated in a cool house.A. pinnatifidum(pinnatifid).sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds3in. to 6in. long, 1in. or more broad at the base, lanceolate-deltoid, with a long, gradually narrowing point, which is sinuated only; the lobes below this ¼in. to ½in. deep; the lowest ovate-oblong, ½in. deep by nearly as broad, sinuated and reaching down nearly to the rachis.soricopious. Pennsylvania. Greenhouse or sheltered places outside.A. planicaule(flat-stiped).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long, naked.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, with twelve to twenty stalked horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1½in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, acute; edge lobed about half-way down, and deeply serrated.soricopious, reaching nearly to the edge. Himalayas, up to 6000ft., &c., 1841. Greenhouse species.A. plantagineum(Plantain-like).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, simple, acuminate, base rounded; edge slightly undulato-dentate upwards, sometimes lobed towards the base.sorislender, linear, sometimes nearly touching both edge and midrib. West Indies, &c., 1819. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium plantagineum.A. polyphyllum(many-leaved). Synonymous withA. acuminatum.A. præmorsum(bitten). Synonymous withA. furcatum.A. prolongatum(prolonged). Synonymous withA. rutæfolium.A. pulchellum(pretty).*sti.tufted. 1in. to 2in. long.fronds3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, with twelve to eighteen pinnæ on each side, which are ½in. to ¾in. long, two lines to three lines broad, bluntish, almost dimidiate; the upper edge crenate, and narrowed suddenly at the base.sorilinear, oblique, falling short of the edge. Tropical America. Stove species.A. pumilum(small).sti.tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.fronds4in. to 6in. each way, deltoid, the upper part sinuated only, the lower cut down to the rachis into distinct pinnæ, of which the lowest pair are much the largest; the pinnules on the lower side sometimes 2in. long, reaching down to a slightly winged rachis, acuminate and deeply lobed.sorivery oblique, the lower ones sometimes 1in. long. West Indies, &c., 1823. A very rare and pretty stove species.A. rachirhizon(rachis-rooting). A variety ofA. rhizophorum.
A. Nidus(nest).* Bird's-nest Fern.frondsundivided, 2ft. to 4ft. long, 3in. to 8in. broad, lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, tapering gradually below into a short stem; the edge entire, the midrib rounded on the back; veins fine and parallel, about ½in. apart.sorireaching about half way towards the margin. India, &c., 1820. SYN.A. australasicum. See Fig. 172.
A. N. australasicum(Australian). Midrib keeled on the back, often black. Australia, &c. The two former are best treated in the stove; the latter thrives well in the greenhouse. SYN.Thamnopteris australasicum.
A. N. musæfolium(Musa-leaved).*frondslarger, sometimes 6ft. long, 1ft. broad.soriextending nearly to the edge.
A. nitens(shining).sti.scattered, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds1½in. to 2in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, with twelve to twenty ascending or sub-falcate pinnæ on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad, much acuminated; edge finely toothed, base broadly rounded on the upper, truncate in a curve on the lower side.soriin close regular rows, not extending more than half way from the midrib to the edge. Mauritius. Stove species. SYN.A. macrophyllum, of gardens only.
A. nitidum(shining).*sti.1ft. long, naked.fronds2ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, with many lanceolate-deltoid pinnæ on each side, which are cut down to the rachis into numerous stalked deltoid pinnules, these are again cut into broad fan-shaped cuneate segments, sharply serrated round the outer edge.sorishort. North India, Ceylon, &c. Greenhouse species.
A. novæ-caledoniæ(New Caledonian).*sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, sub-deltoid, tripinnate; lower pinnæ and pinnules deltoid; segments rigid, scarcely flattened, ½in. or more long, distant, and erecto-patent.sorilong, linear, marginal. New Caledonia. A rare greenhouse species. SYN.Darea novæ-caledoniæ.
A. obtusatum(obtuse).sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad, oblong or ovate-deltoid, with a terminal pinna not much longer than the others, and two to six pairs on each side, which are 1in. to 2in. long and about ½in. broad, obtuse, edge crenate, the base truncato-cuneate, shortly stalked.soricopious, broad, linear-oblong, falling short of the edge. Peru.A. difformeis a variety with an ovate-deltoid frond, and the pinnæ cut quite down to a narrow-winged rachis in the lower part into distinctly separated roundish or oblong-sinuated pinnules. New Zealand, Australia, &c. Greenhouse kinds.
A. o. lucidum(clear).*frondsoften 2ft. long, with fifteen to twenty pairs of pinnæ on each side, which are more herbaceous in texture, darker green in colour, the lowest 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, narrowed gradually to a long acuminated point, edge more deeply toothed. Greenhouse variety. SYN.A. lucidum.
A. obtusifolium(obtuse-leaved).*sti.almost tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, ovate-lanceo-late, with twelve to twenty stalked horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 2in. to 3in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, acute; edges slightly undulato-crenate, the upper side with a distinct auricle at the base, and then narrowed suddenly, the lower side obliquely truncate.soridistant, in two regular rows, falling short of the edge. West Indies, &c., 1838. Stove species.
A. obtusilobum(obtuse-lobed).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds4in. to 6in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, with nine to twelve sub-deltoid pinnæ on each side, of which only the inner third on the lower side is cut away, the largest nearly 1in. long, ¾in. broad; lowest pinnules ⅜in. deep, flabellately cut into three to five linear blunt lobes.sorisub-marginal. New Hebrides, 1861. A very pretty little stove species. SYN.Darea obtusiloba.
A. odontites(much-toothed). Synonymous withA. flaccidum.
A. oxyphyllum(sharp-leaved).*sti.firm, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, lanceolate, with several pinnæ on each side, which are 3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 2in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, in the larger forms again pinnatifid; teeth mucronate.soriin two rows on the pinnæ or pinnules midway between the midrib and edge. Himalayas. A very variable greenhouse species. SYNS.Athyrium oxyphyllaandLastrea eburnea.
A. paleaceum(scaly).*sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 3in. long, spreading, densely scaly.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, sometimes proliferous and rooting at the apex, with twelve to twenty sub-sessile pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. long, about ½in. broad, bluntish; edge inciso-dentate, the upper base auricled and narrowed suddenly, the lower obliquely-truncate; the lower ones stalked, and nearly as broad as long.sorilinear, extending nearly to the edge. Tropical Australia. Stove or warm greenhouse species.
A. palmatum(palmate). Synonymous withA. Hemionitis.
A. parvulum(small). Synonymous withA. trilobum.
A. persicifolium(Peach-leaved).sti.andrachisgrey, with a few scattered minute grey scales.frondsoblong-lanceolate, 2ft. to 3ft. long, often gemmiferous at the apex; pinnæ ascending, fifteen to thirty-jugate, sub-petiolate, 4in. to 5in. long, linear-ligulate-acuminate, ½in. to ¾in. broad, distinctly crenate throughout.soriregular, reaching nearly to midrib and edge. Philippine and Sandwich Isles. Stove species.
A. Petrarchæ(Petrarch's).*sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 2in. long.fronds2in. to 3in. long, ½in. broad, linear-lanceolate, with six to ten horizontal sessile pinnæ on each side, which are ¼in. long and nearly as much broad, cordate-ovate, blunt; edge sinuated; the base unequal, slightly truncate on the lower side.sorioblong, very short, four to six on each side of the midrib. South Europe, 1819. A very rare little gem, best treated in a cool house.
A. pinnatifidum(pinnatifid).sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds3in. to 6in. long, 1in. or more broad at the base, lanceolate-deltoid, with a long, gradually narrowing point, which is sinuated only; the lobes below this ¼in. to ½in. deep; the lowest ovate-oblong, ½in. deep by nearly as broad, sinuated and reaching down nearly to the rachis.soricopious. Pennsylvania. Greenhouse or sheltered places outside.
A. planicaule(flat-stiped).*sti.tufted, 3in. to 6in. long, naked.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, with twelve to twenty stalked horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 1½in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, acute; edge lobed about half-way down, and deeply serrated.soricopious, reaching nearly to the edge. Himalayas, up to 6000ft., &c., 1841. Greenhouse species.
A. plantagineum(Plantain-like).sti.tufted, 6in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, simple, acuminate, base rounded; edge slightly undulato-dentate upwards, sometimes lobed towards the base.sorislender, linear, sometimes nearly touching both edge and midrib. West Indies, &c., 1819. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium plantagineum.
A. polyphyllum(many-leaved). Synonymous withA. acuminatum.
A. præmorsum(bitten). Synonymous withA. furcatum.
A. prolongatum(prolonged). Synonymous withA. rutæfolium.
A. pulchellum(pretty).*sti.tufted. 1in. to 2in. long.fronds3in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, with twelve to eighteen pinnæ on each side, which are ½in. to ¾in. long, two lines to three lines broad, bluntish, almost dimidiate; the upper edge crenate, and narrowed suddenly at the base.sorilinear, oblique, falling short of the edge. Tropical America. Stove species.
A. pumilum(small).sti.tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.fronds4in. to 6in. each way, deltoid, the upper part sinuated only, the lower cut down to the rachis into distinct pinnæ, of which the lowest pair are much the largest; the pinnules on the lower side sometimes 2in. long, reaching down to a slightly winged rachis, acuminate and deeply lobed.sorivery oblique, the lower ones sometimes 1in. long. West Indies, &c., 1823. A very rare and pretty stove species.
A. rachirhizon(rachis-rooting). A variety ofA. rhizophorum.
FIG. 173. ASPLENIUMRADICANS.
FIG. 173. ASPLENIUMRADICANS.
FIG. 173. ASPLENIUMRADICANS.
A. radicans(rooting).cau.erect, sub-arborescent.sti.1ft. to 2ft. long, tufted.fronds3ft. to 5ft. long, 2ft. to 3ft. broad, deltoid; lower pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, sessile, the upper ones entire, lower ones 3in. to 4in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, with blunt lobes, ¼in. broad, reaching about half way down to the rachis. Lowersorisometimes ¼in. long. Tropical America. A very variable species. SYNS.A. giganteum,Diplazium radicans,D. umbrosum, &c. See Fig. 173.A. refractum(refracted). A variety ofA. fontanum.A. resectum(cut or pared).*sti.scattered, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, lanceolate-oblong, with ten to thirty sub-sessile horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 3in. long, ¼in. to ½in. broad, almost dimidiate, the point bluntish, all except the truncate part crenate, the upper half at the base narrowed nearly at a right angle.sorinot reaching either the midrib or edge. India, &c., widely distributed, 1820. Greenhouse species.A. rhizophorum(root-bearing).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, elongated, and rooting at the apex; pinnæ twelve to thirty on each side, sub-sessile, 1½in. to 2in. long, about ½in. broad, inciso-dentate throughout; the two sides unequal, the upper one auricled and narrowed, the lower one obliquely cuneate.sorinot reaching either to the edge or midrib. Tropical America. A very variable stove species.A. r. rachirhizon, has distinctly separated oblong-rhomboidal pinnules, again deeply cut into narrow segments.A. rhizophyllum(leaf-rooting).sti.tufted, 2in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, cut down into numerous close-placed horizontal pinnæ on each side; central ones 1in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, cut down throughout nearly to the centre into simple or forked erecto-patent pinnules, the lowest on the under side suppressed.sorisolitary, sub-marginal.A. r. myriophyllumis a variety with broader fronds; central pinnæ 1½in. long, with lower pinnules cut down into several simple or forked linear segments. North America, &c., 1680. Both handsome greenhouse kinds.A. rutæfolium(Rue-leaved).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, ovate deltoid, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, the lowest sub-deltoid, 2in. or more long, cut down to the rachis into numerous erecto-patent distant pinnules on each side, the lowest on the upper side again cut down into erecto-patent linear segments.sorismall, marginal. Cape Colony. A beautiful greenhouse species. SYNS.A. prolongatumandDarea rutæfolia.A. Ruta-muraria(Wall-rue).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds1in. to 2in. long, about 1in. broad, deltoid, cut down to the rachis into a few pinnæ on each side, the lower ones again cutdown into spathulato-cuneate pinnules, which are serrated round the outer edge.soricopious. Great Britain, and almost worldwide in its distribution. Hardy species. This requires a well-drained position, and a soil composed mainly of old mortar rubbish.A. salicifolium(Willow-leaved).sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, oblong, with a terminal pinna and four to ten distinctly stalked ones on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, acuminate; edge usually entire, the base equally truncato-cuneate on both sides.sorifalling short both of the edge and midrib. West Indies, &c. Stove species.A. Sandersoni(Sanderson's).*sti.tufted, 1in. to 2in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, linear, often gemmiferous at the apex, with twelve to twenty horizontal dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are deeply crenate on the upper edge, and at the base narrowed suddenly into a winged petiole, the lower one nearly straight and quite entire.sorioblong. Natal, &c. A very rare greenhouse species.A. schizodon(cut-toothed). Synonymous withA. Vieillardii.A. Schkuhrii(Schkuhr's).cau.erect.sti.1ft. to 1½ft. long.frondsdeltoid, 1½ft. to 2ft. long, tripinnatifid; lower pinnæ distant, oblong-lanceolate, 6in. to 8in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, rachis winged to base; pinnules ligulate-oblong, ⅜in. broad, sessile, cut into shallow, close, oblong blunt lobes.sori⅛in., medial in a single row in the pinnules. Ceylon. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium Schkuhrii.A. Selosii(Selose's).*sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 2in. long, wiry.fronds½in. to ¾in. long, palmately cleft, usually into three nearly equal forks, which are about one line broad, the edge slightly inciso-serrate.soricopious, ultimately occupying the whole surface. Tyrol and Carinthia. A very rare and curious little species, requiring the protection of the frame or cool house; it should be firmly potted between pieces of sandstone in loam, leaf-soil, rock chippings and sand, with good drainage.A. septentrionale(northern).*sti.densely tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.frondssimple, or cleft from the apex into two or three cuneate divisions, 1in. to 1½in. long, one line broad, with a few sharp lateral and terminal teeth.sorielongated, copious, often at last hiding the whole under surface. Great Britain, and widely distributed in both hemispheres. This rare little species requires to be securely planted in a well-drained elevated chink of the fernery outside, in loamy, gritty soil.A. Shepherdi(Shepherd's).*sti.tufted, 1ft. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad; lower pinnæ stalked, 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, point acuminate, edge lobed above, ¼in. broad, somewhat toothed.sorilinear, not reaching the edge. South America. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium Shepherdi.A. S. inæquilaterum(unequal-sided).fronds, texture firm, colour duller than that of the type; pinnæ much acuminated; the lobes deeper, more uniform, and falcate, the two sides unequal, the lower one unequally truncate at the base.A. spathulinum(spathulate). A synonym ofA. affine.A. spinulosum(very spiny).*sti.6in. to 12in. long, scattered.fronds9in. to 12in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, with nine to twelve pinnæ on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6in. to 9in. long, 2½in. to 3in. broad, ovate-lanceolate; pinnules lanceolate, cut down to the rachis on each side into six to nine oblong-rhomboidal mucronate segments, two lines long, one line broad, which are sharply toothed.soritwo to ten to a segment, usually round, but occasionally oblong. Amur-land, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN.Athyrium spinulosumandCystopteris spinulosa.A. splendens(splendid).rhiz.creeping, scaly.sti.6in. to 9in.frondsdeltoid, 6in. to 1ft. long, two to three-pinnate; lower pinnæ stalked, deltoid, 1in. to 2in. broad, pinnate or bipinnate; segments cuneate-flabellate, ¼in. to ½in. broad, slightly lobed, sharply toothed round outer edge.soricopious, slender, irregular, reaching from base nearly to tip of segments. Cape Colony. A very rare greenhouse species.A. subsinuatum(half-waved). Synonymous withA. lanceum.A. sundense(Sundanese). Synonymous withA. vittæforme.A. sylvaticum(woods).cau.decumbent.sti.1ft. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinnæ, the largest 3in. to 4in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, acuminated; edge broadly and briefly lobed; base narrowed suddenly on both sides.soriin long slender lines, reaching nearly to the edge. India, &c. Stove species.A. thelypteroides(Thelypteris-like).sti.1ft. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinnæ, the lower ones 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. broad, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into numerous nearly entire elliptical spreading pinnules.soriin close regular rows, reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge, slightly curved, the lower ones often double. North America, &c., 1823. Hardy or cool house species. SYN.Athyrium thelypteroides.A. Thwaitesii(Thwaites's).*rhiz.wide-creeping, stout.sti.6in. long, slender, densely clothed with strong white woolly hairs.fronds1ft. or more long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with eight to ten distinct pinnæ beneath the pinnatifid apex, the largest 3in. long, ⅝in. broad, cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis in oblong crenulated lobes, ¼in. deep, two lines across.sorireaching half-way to the edge, the lowest about one line long. Ceylon. Very fine stove species. SYN.Diplazium Thwaitesii.
A. radicans(rooting).cau.erect, sub-arborescent.sti.1ft. to 2ft. long, tufted.fronds3ft. to 5ft. long, 2ft. to 3ft. broad, deltoid; lower pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, sessile, the upper ones entire, lower ones 3in. to 4in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, with blunt lobes, ¼in. broad, reaching about half way down to the rachis. Lowersorisometimes ¼in. long. Tropical America. A very variable species. SYNS.A. giganteum,Diplazium radicans,D. umbrosum, &c. See Fig. 173.
A. refractum(refracted). A variety ofA. fontanum.
A. resectum(cut or pared).*sti.scattered, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, lanceolate-oblong, with ten to thirty sub-sessile horizontal pinnæ on each side, which are 1in. to 3in. long, ¼in. to ½in. broad, almost dimidiate, the point bluntish, all except the truncate part crenate, the upper half at the base narrowed nearly at a right angle.sorinot reaching either the midrib or edge. India, &c., widely distributed, 1820. Greenhouse species.
A. rhizophorum(root-bearing).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 8in. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to 6in. broad, elongated, and rooting at the apex; pinnæ twelve to thirty on each side, sub-sessile, 1½in. to 2in. long, about ½in. broad, inciso-dentate throughout; the two sides unequal, the upper one auricled and narrowed, the lower one obliquely cuneate.sorinot reaching either to the edge or midrib. Tropical America. A very variable stove species.A. r. rachirhizon, has distinctly separated oblong-rhomboidal pinnules, again deeply cut into narrow segments.
A. rhizophyllum(leaf-rooting).sti.tufted, 2in. to 6in. long.fronds6in. to 12in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, cut down into numerous close-placed horizontal pinnæ on each side; central ones 1in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, cut down throughout nearly to the centre into simple or forked erecto-patent pinnules, the lowest on the under side suppressed.sorisolitary, sub-marginal.A. r. myriophyllumis a variety with broader fronds; central pinnæ 1½in. long, with lower pinnules cut down into several simple or forked linear segments. North America, &c., 1680. Both handsome greenhouse kinds.
A. rutæfolium(Rue-leaved).*sti.tufted, 4in. to 9in. long.fronds6in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, ovate deltoid, with twelve to twenty pinnæ on each side, the lowest sub-deltoid, 2in. or more long, cut down to the rachis into numerous erecto-patent distant pinnules on each side, the lowest on the upper side again cut down into erecto-patent linear segments.sorismall, marginal. Cape Colony. A beautiful greenhouse species. SYNS.A. prolongatumandDarea rutæfolia.
A. Ruta-muraria(Wall-rue).*sti.tufted, 2in. to 4in. long.fronds1in. to 2in. long, about 1in. broad, deltoid, cut down to the rachis into a few pinnæ on each side, the lower ones again cutdown into spathulato-cuneate pinnules, which are serrated round the outer edge.soricopious. Great Britain, and almost worldwide in its distribution. Hardy species. This requires a well-drained position, and a soil composed mainly of old mortar rubbish.
A. salicifolium(Willow-leaved).sti.tufted, 6in. to 12in. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, oblong, with a terminal pinna and four to ten distinctly stalked ones on each side, which are 4in. to 6in. long, ¾in. to 1in. broad, acuminate; edge usually entire, the base equally truncato-cuneate on both sides.sorifalling short both of the edge and midrib. West Indies, &c. Stove species.
A. Sandersoni(Sanderson's).*sti.tufted, 1in. to 2in. long.fronds6in. to 9in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, linear, often gemmiferous at the apex, with twelve to twenty horizontal dimidiate pinnæ on each side, which are deeply crenate on the upper edge, and at the base narrowed suddenly into a winged petiole, the lower one nearly straight and quite entire.sorioblong. Natal, &c. A very rare greenhouse species.
A. schizodon(cut-toothed). Synonymous withA. Vieillardii.
A. Schkuhrii(Schkuhr's).cau.erect.sti.1ft. to 1½ft. long.frondsdeltoid, 1½ft. to 2ft. long, tripinnatifid; lower pinnæ distant, oblong-lanceolate, 6in. to 8in. long, 1½in. to 2in. broad, rachis winged to base; pinnules ligulate-oblong, ⅜in. broad, sessile, cut into shallow, close, oblong blunt lobes.sori⅛in., medial in a single row in the pinnules. Ceylon. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium Schkuhrii.
A. Selosii(Selose's).*sti.densely tufted, 1in. to 2in. long, wiry.fronds½in. to ¾in. long, palmately cleft, usually into three nearly equal forks, which are about one line broad, the edge slightly inciso-serrate.soricopious, ultimately occupying the whole surface. Tyrol and Carinthia. A very rare and curious little species, requiring the protection of the frame or cool house; it should be firmly potted between pieces of sandstone in loam, leaf-soil, rock chippings and sand, with good drainage.
A. septentrionale(northern).*sti.densely tufted, 3in. to 4in. long.frondssimple, or cleft from the apex into two or three cuneate divisions, 1in. to 1½in. long, one line broad, with a few sharp lateral and terminal teeth.sorielongated, copious, often at last hiding the whole under surface. Great Britain, and widely distributed in both hemispheres. This rare little species requires to be securely planted in a well-drained elevated chink of the fernery outside, in loamy, gritty soil.
A. Shepherdi(Shepherd's).*sti.tufted, 1ft. long.fronds12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad; lower pinnæ stalked, 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, point acuminate, edge lobed above, ¼in. broad, somewhat toothed.sorilinear, not reaching the edge. South America. Stove species. SYN.Diplazium Shepherdi.
A. S. inæquilaterum(unequal-sided).fronds, texture firm, colour duller than that of the type; pinnæ much acuminated; the lobes deeper, more uniform, and falcate, the two sides unequal, the lower one unequally truncate at the base.
A. spathulinum(spathulate). A synonym ofA. affine.
A. spinulosum(very spiny).*sti.6in. to 12in. long, scattered.fronds9in. to 12in. each way, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnatifid, with nine to twelve pinnæ on each side, the lowest much the largest, 6in. to 9in. long, 2½in. to 3in. broad, ovate-lanceolate; pinnules lanceolate, cut down to the rachis on each side into six to nine oblong-rhomboidal mucronate segments, two lines long, one line broad, which are sharply toothed.soritwo to ten to a segment, usually round, but occasionally oblong. Amur-land, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN.Athyrium spinulosumandCystopteris spinulosa.
A. splendens(splendid).rhiz.creeping, scaly.sti.6in. to 9in.frondsdeltoid, 6in. to 1ft. long, two to three-pinnate; lower pinnæ stalked, deltoid, 1in. to 2in. broad, pinnate or bipinnate; segments cuneate-flabellate, ¼in. to ½in. broad, slightly lobed, sharply toothed round outer edge.soricopious, slender, irregular, reaching from base nearly to tip of segments. Cape Colony. A very rare greenhouse species.
A. subsinuatum(half-waved). Synonymous withA. lanceum.
A. sundense(Sundanese). Synonymous withA. vittæforme.
A. sylvaticum(woods).cau.decumbent.sti.1ft. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinnæ, the largest 3in. to 4in. long, ½in. to ¾in. broad, acuminated; edge broadly and briefly lobed; base narrowed suddenly on both sides.soriin long slender lines, reaching nearly to the edge. India, &c. Stove species.
A. thelypteroides(Thelypteris-like).sti.1ft. long.fronds1ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 12in. broad, lanceolate, with numerous spreading pinnæ, the lower ones 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. broad, cut down to a broadly-winged rachis into numerous nearly entire elliptical spreading pinnules.soriin close regular rows, reaching nearly from the midrib to the edge, slightly curved, the lower ones often double. North America, &c., 1823. Hardy or cool house species. SYN.Athyrium thelypteroides.
A. Thwaitesii(Thwaites's).*rhiz.wide-creeping, stout.sti.6in. long, slender, densely clothed with strong white woolly hairs.fronds1ft. or more long, 4in. to 6in. broad, with eight to ten distinct pinnæ beneath the pinnatifid apex, the largest 3in. long, ⅝in. broad, cut down two-thirds of the way to the rachis in oblong crenulated lobes, ¼in. deep, two lines across.sorireaching half-way to the edge, the lowest about one line long. Ceylon. Very fine stove species. SYN.Diplazium Thwaitesii.