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On the Glacial Succession in Europe.By Prof.James Geikie. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. XXXVII., Part I. (No. 9), 1892, pp. 127-149 (with a map).

In this timely essay Prof. Geikie reaches the following conclusions:

1. The record of the first glacial epoch is found in the Weyborn Crag of Britain, and the ground moraine beneath the "Lower Diluvium" of the continent. During this epoch, the direction of the ice movement in southern Sweden was from the south-east to the northwest. This first glacial epoch of which direct evidence is adduced was followed by an interglacial interval, during which the forest-bed of Cromer, the breccia of Hötting, the lignites of Leffe and Pianico, and certain beds in central France were deposited. During this interglacial epoch, the climate is believed to have been very mild.

2. There followed a second epoch of glaciation, when the ice sheet of Britain became confluent with that of the continent. This was the epoch during which the ice sheet reached its southernmost extension. Its depositions are found in the lower boulder clays of Britain, the lower diluvium of Scandinavia and north Germany (in part), the lower glacial deposits of south Germany and central Russia, the ground moraines and high level gravel terraces of Alpine lands, and the terminal moraines of the outer zone. During this second glacial epoch, Alpine glaciers are believed to have attained their greatest development. This epoch of extreme glaciation was followed by an interglacial interval, during which Britain is believed to have been joined to the continent. During this interval, the climate became temperate. In Russia (near Moscow) there seems to be evidence that it was milder and more humid than that of the same region at the present day. Toward the close of the mild epoch, submergence seems to have been accompanied by an increasing degree of cold, which finally ended in another glacial epoch.

3. The subsidence which marked the close of the second interglacial interval, marked likewise the inauguration of the third glacialepoch. Its work is represented in Britain by the upper boulder clay, in Scandinavia and Germany by the lower diluvium (in part), in central Russia by the upper glacial series, in Alpine lands by ground moraines and gravel terraces. The ice sheets of Scandinavia and Britain were again confluent, but did not extend quite so far south as during the second glacial epoch. This third glacial epoch is believed to have been followed by another interglacial interval, during which fresh water alluvia, lignite and peat accumulations were made. These are represented by the interglacial beds of north Germany, and by some of the so-called post-glacial alluvia of Britain. There were also marine deposits on the coasts of Britain and on the borders of the Baltic. During this interglacial interval, Britain is believed to have been continental. The climate was temperate, but in the course of time became more severe. This increasing severity seems to have been accompanied by submergence, which amounted to something like 100 ft. below the present sea-level on the coasts of Scotland. The Baltic provinces of Germany were also invaded by the waters of the North Sea.

4. There followed a fourth period of glaciation, during which the major part of the Scottish Highland was covered by an ice sheet. Local ice sheets existed in the southern uplands of Scotland and in mountain districts in other parts of Britain, and the great valley glaciers sometimes coalesced on the low lands. Icebergs floated out at the mouths of some of the highland sea-lochs. In some places, terminal moraines were deposited upon marine beds which were then in process of formation. These beds are now 100 ft. above the sea level. At this time Scandinavia was covered by a great ice sheet, which yielded icebergs to the sea along the whole west coast of Norway. The ground moraines and terminal moraines of the mountain regions of Britain represent the deposits of this ice epoch. The upper diluvium of Scandinavia, Finland, and north Germany represent the work of the contemporaneous, but not confluent, ice sheet of the continent. In the Alps, terminal moraines in the large longitudinal valleys were made at the same time.

This fourth glacial epoch was followed by a fourth interglacial interval, during which fresh water alluvial deposits were made, and also the "lower buried forest and peat" of Britain and northwestern Europe. At this time, Scotland seems to have stood 45 to 50 feet lower than now, and Carse clays and raised beaches represent the work of the sea. During this interglacial interval, Britain isbelieved to have become again continental, while the climate became so far ameliorated as to allow the growth of great forests. Subsequently the insulation of Britain was effected, and this was followed by a climate which was probably colder than the present.

5. The severity of the climate which marked the close of the fourth interglacial interval was such as to bring about local glaciation in some of the mountain valleys of Britain. Here and there the glaciers projected their moraines so far down the mountains that they rest on what is now the 45 to 50 feet beach. In the Alps, this fifth epoch of glaciation is represented by the so-called post-glacial moraines in the upper valleys. This is believed to have been the last appearance of glaciers in Britain. The dissolution of these glaciers was again followed by an emergence of the island, and by more genial climatic conditions.

In support of his conclusions, Prof. Geikie cites some striking facts which are not so widely known as they should be. For example, Swedish geologists have found evidences that there was an ice sheet antedating that which deposited the "lower diluvium," and that during this earlier glaciation the direction of ice movement in southern Sweden was from the south-east to the north-west. The ground moraine deposited by this ice sheet is overlain by the "lower diluvium" which was produced by an ice movement from the north north-east to the south south-west, or nearly at right angles to the first. Again, near Moscow, there exist interglacial beds whose plant remains indicate a climate milder and more humid than that of the present time. These interglacial beds, it will be observed, occur in the region of the "lower diluvium" quite beyond the margin of the ice which produced the "upper diluvium" of Germany and Scandinavia. During this interglacial interval, Prof. Geikie maintains that no part of Russia could have been covered with ice. If, then, within the limits of the area covered by the "lower diluvium," and not by the "upper," distinct beds of glacial drift are separated by such beds as those cited, there can be no question but that such separation marks two distinct glacial epochs. If there was an earlier glaciation when the movement of the ice in Sweden was at right angles to that during which the lower part of the "lower diluvium" was produced, this also would seem to be good evidence of three ice epochs prior to the "upper diluvium." The epoch of the "upper diluvium" would then constitute the fourth glacial epoch, and this is the interpretation of Prof. Geikie.

Outside the area of the European continental ice sheet, facts are adduced in striking confirmation of the multiple ice epoch theory. These facts are found in Switzerland, where evidences of multiple glaciation have been recognized, and in the Pyrenees where evidences of three separate ice epochs have been found. In France, evidences of an interglacial interval have been found in the region of the Puy de Dôme of such duration as to allow the excavation of valleys to a depth of 900 feet. The length of time which would be required for such stupendous erosion must certainly be regarded as sufficient to allow the preceding and succeeding glaciations to be considered as belonging to two distinct epochs.

Another point of great significance and interest which Prof. Geikie's essay brings out, is the correlation in Britain between epochs of glaciation and epochs of subsidence on the one hand, and between interglacial intervals and epochs of elevation on the other. If Prof. Geikie's interpretation be well founded, and so far as we are able to judge from the facts presented this is the case, his conclusions would seem to be fatal to the hypothesis that glacial climate was produced by northern elevation.

The map which Prof. Geikie gives, showing the limit of ice advance during the fourth glacial epoch, seems to us open to criticism. On the ground of personal observation, the writer believes that the ice sheet of the glacial epoch here represented did not extend notably, if at all, beyond the Baltic Ridge.[18]

[18]SeeAmerican Journal of Science, May, 1887. In a recent letter, Prof. Geikie indicates that he is convinced, from subsequent personal observation, that his map is erroneous so far as the limit of the ice of this epoch is concerned. The mapping given was based on the opinion of others.

Prof. Geikie is an advocate of Dr. Croll's astronomical theory of glacial climate, and thinks that even five is not the full number of glacial epochs belonging to the Pleistocene period. He believes there may have been a series of glacial epochs increasing in severity to a maximum represented by what is now designated as the second glacial epoch. This maximum was followed by a series of epochs of diminishing severity, represented by what he designates the third, fourth and fifth epochs. The essay is a timely contribution to glacial geology.

Rollin D. Salisbury.

[19]Abstracts in this number are prepared by Henry B. Kummel, Chas. E. Peet, J. A. Bownocker.

The Sub-Glacial Origin of Certain Eskers.ByWilliam Morris Davis, Harvard University. (Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXV., May 18, 1892).

A critical discussion of the conditions under which it is conceived certain eskers and sand plateaus (plains) were formed. The Auburndale district, ten miles east of Boston, presents three classes of modified drift deposits;—sand plateaus, eskers, and kames. These deposits are well exposed.

The sand plateaus have the characteristics of delta deposits of glacial streams,—even surfaces, well-bedded sands and gravels, the beds sloping outward from the "head" at an angle of 12° to 20°, and in close agreement with the slope of the plateau front, a lobate margin, deposits distinctly coarser at the head than near the front, and a series of nearly horizontal roughly cross-bedded gravels overlying the sloping beds.

The eskers are essentially of the same material as that of the plateau, often so poorly stratified as to render differentiation of the beds difficult. The interstices between the pebbles are often unfilled, although there is abundance of fine material in adjoining layers. This "open work" is taken to indicate rapid deposition, and seems to preclude the supposition that the gravels have settled down from a superglacial position, or been traversed by currents of any volume. In several instances the eskers can be followed to direct union with sand plateaus. Towards its lower end the esker frequently "gives out branches" and "the adjacent lowland surface becomes more or less encumbered with sand mounds or kames," indicating a decayed margin of the ice.

Prof. Davis' conclusions are:

"1. The eskers and sand plateaus of Auburndale and Newtonville were formed by running water just inside and outside of the ice margin in the closing stage of the last glacial epoch.

"2. The ice-sheet was a stagnant, decaying mass at the time of their formation, as is shown by the ragged outline of its margin.

"3. Eskers and sand plateaus are genetically connected; the term, feeding-esker, is fully warranted by the relation of the two in position, structure, and composition.

"4. The sand plateaus were made rapidly; this is proved by the absence of disordered beds at their heads, where space would have been opened by the backward melting of the ice had the forward growth of the plateau been slow. The eskers were also made rapidly, as is shown by their 'open-work gravels.'

"5. The diversion of the feeding streams to other outlets left the plateaus and the eskers without further energetic action as the ice melted away from them.

"6. The present form and structure of the eskers are more accordant with the supposition of a subglacial origin than of a superglacial origin; but it is not intended to imply that other eskers of more irregular form and different structure could not have been deposited in superglacial channels."

H. B. K.

Studies in Structural Geology.ByBailey Willis, U. S. Geol. Surv. (Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, June, 1892).

The paper aims "to present some of the results of observation of the geologists of the Appalachian division during the past three years on the subject of structural geology in the Appalachian province." The structural features are all of one type but of different phases, comprised in four great districts. 1) the district of close folding, 2) a district whose chief structural characteristic is cleavage, 3) a district of open folding, 4) a district of faulting and folding. The answer to the questions, Why did the strata bend in the district of open folding, and why did they break in the district of faulting, is that the thrust affected them according to their rigidity under their respective conditions of superincumbent load. "We know that load up to a certain point restrains fracture in material under thrust." In the district of open folding the Devonian limestone is the most rigid of the strata and "the one which would most effectively transmit the compressing thrust and would control the resulting structure." In the district of open folding this limestone was prevented from breaking and faulting by a load of superincumbent strata exerting a pressure of 10,000 to 23,000 pounds per square inch, while in the faulted district a load of 5,000 to 10,000 pounds per square inch permitted the strata to break and fault.

The answer to the question, Why did the compression affect this zone, is given. "It becomes apparent on study of sections that where compression raised a great arch there previously existed a bend from a nearly horizontal to a descending position in the principal stratum transmitting the thrust. Greater anticlines and synclines originated in upward and downward convexity of initial dips, due to unequal deposits of sediments which depressunderlying strata in proportion to their weight. Such folds may be called original." The Pottsville, Mahanoy, Shamokin and Wyoming coal basins of Pennsylvania belong to this class.

Experiments have recently been carried on in the office of the United States Geological Survey reproducing the different forms of folding. The experiments differed from other experiments in that 1) the materials used to simulate the stratified rocks varied in consistency from brittle to plastic, according to the depth at which deformation is supposed to take place; 2) the compression was exerted under a movable load representing the weight of superincumbent strata; 3) the strata rested on a yielding base to simulate the condition of support of any arc of the earth's crust. The following are the conclusions from the experiments:

1. "When a thrust tangentially affects a stratified mass, it is transmitted in the direction of the strata, and by each stratum according to its inflexibility. At any bend the force is resolved into components, one radial, the other tangential to the dip beyond the bend; the radial component, if directed downward, tends to depress the stratum and displace its support.

2. "A thrust so resolved can only raise an anticline or arch which is strong enough to sustain the load lifted by its development; such an arch may be called competent; and since strength is a function of the proportions of a structure, it follows that, for a given stratum, the size of a competent anticline will vary inversely as the load; or for a given load the size will vary as the thickness of the effective stratum.

3. "The superincumbent load borne by a competent anticline is transferred to the supports of the arch at the points of inflection of the limbs.

4. "When a competent arch is raised by thrust from one side, the load transferred may so depress the resulting syncline further from the force that an initial dip will be produced in otherwise undisturbed strata; this dip will rise to a bend from which a new anticline may be developed. This anticline is a result of the first, and may be called 'subsequent' in distinction to original folds. Since subsequent folds are simply competent structures, their size will be determined by conditions of thickness and load, and for like conditions they should be equal; and they must, in consequence of conditions of development, be parallel to the original fold and to each other. An example of an original fold with its subsequent anticlines is the Nittany arch and the group of parallel anticlines which lie southeast of it, extending northeast from the Broad Top basin."

C. E. P.

The Catskill Delta in the Post-Glacial Hudson Estuary.ByWilliam Morris Davis. (From the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXV., 1891).

The post-Tertiary trenches of the Hudson and its tributaries are in the main filled with clay beds, which, covered by a thin deposit of sand, rise interraces 130, 150, or even 180 feet above tide-water. These clays are the result of a late glacial or post-glacial submergence of the valley, but their upper surface does not indicate the amount of their submergence, as they are bottom deposits. Delta deposits made by the tributary streams, where they entered the Hudson estuary, would indicate the amount of submergence.

Such deposits are found on the Catskill a mile north of Cairo, and eroded remnants are traceable for three or four miles down stream. The surface is characterized by great numbers of water-worn stones up to fifteen or eighteen inches in diameter. The lobate margin, where present, is poorly defined. These deposits range from 290 feet (aneroid) above tide, up river, to 270 feet further down. One-tenth of a cubic mile of material seems to have been washed into the Catskill trench at the point of this delta between the time of the ice departure and the elevation of the land. Subsequent terracing has removed half that amount.

The course of the Catskill at Leeds, where it crosses a ledge of hard Corniferous limestone is probably of post-glacial superimposed origin, but the preglacial valley cannot be definitely fixed.

H. B. K.

Geological Survey of Alabama.—Bulletin 4.ByC. Willard Hayes. (Report of the Geology of Northeastern Alabama and Adjacent Portions of Georgia and Tennessee).

This report covers an area of 5950 miles, two-thirds in Alabama. Topographically it falls into three divisions: 1) the Cumberland and other plateaus of the northwest; 2) in the center, anticlinal valleys—Browns and Wills, with the synclinal mountains—Sand and Lookout; 3) the monoclinal mountains, the "flatwoods" (Coosa shales) and the chert hills (Knox limestone) of the southeast. The drainage of the first is radial from the center of the plateau to the Tennessee; that of the second, once consequent upon the folded structure, is now adjusted to the strike of the soft beds.

The formations are Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous. Total thickness is from 13,000 to 18,000 feet in the east, but decreases westward. Hard sandstones of the Carboniferous form the cappings of the plateaus and synclinal mountains. In the anticlinal and monoclinal valleys the Silurian and Cambrian appear. The rocks pass from the nearly horizontal beds of the plateau region, by narrow unsymmetrical anticlines with steeper dip on the northwest side, and by broad shallow synclines, to the complicated folds of the southeast. The axes of these latter folds dip more or less abruptly northward and southward, causing the ridges to assume zigzag courses. Synclines are often crossed by anticlines.

Thrust faults exist, some of great magnitude, and traceable for 200 to 300 miles. By the "Rome thrust fault" the Cambrian shales have been shoved four to five miles over upon the Carboniferous shales. Most of the overthruststrata have been worn away, but tongues of Cambrian shale still remain to all appearances lying conformably upon the Carboniferous strata. Transverse thrust faults terminate Gaylor's ridge, Dirt Seller Mountain, and Lookout Mountain on the south.

H. B. K.

The Correlation of Moraines with Raised Beaches of Lake Erie.ByFrank Leverett, U. S. Geol. Surv. (Wisconsin Academy of Science. Vol. VIII., 1891).

References have been made in Geological literature to the beaches of the eastern portion of the Lake Erie basin, but up to the time of Mr. Leverett's work none of the beaches had been completely traced. Mr. Gilbert had discovered that several of the raised beaches do not completely encircle Lake Erie, and supposed that their eastern termini represent the successive positions of the front of the continental glacier during its retreat northeastward across the Lake Erie basin. Mr. Leverett verifies this theory by demonstrating that certain moraines are the correlatives of the beaches. They are as follows:

I. The Van Wert or upper beach and its correlative moraine, the Blanchard ridge. II. The Leipsic or second beach and its correlative moraines. III. The Belmore, or third beach and its correlative moraine.

I. The Van Wert beach extends eastward from the former southwestward outlet of Lake Erie near Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Findlay, Ohio, where it joins the Blanchard moraine. Through Indiana and Ohio its altitude is quite uniformly 210 feet above Lake Erie.

While the Van Wert beach was forming, the ice front was the northeastern shore of the lake as far east as Findlay, Ohio, its position being marked by the Blanchard moraine. East of Findlay, where the Van Wert beach joins it, the moraine is of the normal type. But west of Findlay, it presents peculiarities of topography and structure, resulting from the presence of lake water beneath the ice margin. The water was shallow and incapable of buoying up the ice-sheet, and producing icebergs. The motion of the water under the ice-sheet produced a variable structure. This is the only instance of a moraine demonstrably formed in lake water.

II. The Leipsic, or second beach, was formed after the ice had retreated from its position marked by the Blanchard moraine. Its altitude is 195 to 200 feet above Lake Erie. It has its terminus near Cleveland, where it connects with the western end of a moraine.

III. The Belmore beach and its correlative moraine. Between the Leipsic beach and the present shore of Lake Erie are several beaches. One of these, the Belmore beach, terminates near Cleveland, while the others extend into southwestern New York, and probably connect with moraines, though this connection has not been traced. The general altitude of the Belmore beach in Ohio is 160 to 170 feet above Lake Erie. Unlike the Van Wert andLeipsic beaches, it does not directly connect with a moraine at its eastern end, but a gap of ten miles intervenes. Terraces at Cleveland, Mr. Leverett thinks, make a connection between the eastern end of the beach and the western end of the moraine at Euclid, Ohio.

C. E. P.

The Climate of Europe During the Glacial Epoch.ByClement Reid. (Natural Science. Vol. I, No. 6, 1892).

Temperature of the Sea.—The temperature of the English Channel was similar to that where the isotherm of 32° F. is now situated. The winter temperature can scarcely have been 20° colder than at present. The Mediterranean was perhaps 5° colder than now.

Temperature of the Land (air).—It does not appear that the climate of the lowlands of southern Europe can have been 20° lower than the present mean; 10° or perhaps less appear to have been the refrigeration in the Mediterranean region. The temperature at the southern margin of the ice-sheet was about 20° colder than at present. The temperature increased rapidly towards the south. Recent observations seem to show that throughout central Europe there was a period ofdrycold, causing the country to resemble the arid regions of central Asia.

J. A. B.

On the Glacial Period and the Earth-Movement Hypothesis.ByJames Geikie, Edinburgh, Scotland. (Read before the Victoria Institute, London).

Geologists generally admit that there have been at least two glacial epochs, separated by one well-marked interglacial period. The closing stage of the Pleistocene period was one of cold conditions in northwestern Europe, accompanied by land depressions. After this came a genial climate with a union of the British islands among themselves and also with the continent. This was followed by a cold, humid condition.

Upham maintains that the whole of North America north of the Gulf of Mexico stood at least three thousand feet higher at the beginning of the glacial epoch than at present. Fiords were formed before glacial times and so can not be cited as evidence of high land during the glacial period. An elevation of land in the northern part of North America and Europe could not produce glaciation in their southern parts. The deflection of the Gulf Stream by the sinking of the Panama, Professor Geikie argues, could not produce the conditions which prevailed during the glacial epoch. The Earth-Movement hypothesis, he believes, accounts neither for the widespread phenomena of the ice-age, nor for the remarkable interglacial climates. Some maintain that the warm interglacial period was produced by the rise of the Panama land, the sinking of the lands to the north, and the turning of the Gulf Stream from the Pacific into the Atlantic. Why then, asks Professor Geikie, do we not have such a climate now?

J. A. B.

The following papers have been donated to the library of the Geological Department of the University of Chicago, mainly by their authors:

Abbe, Cleveland.

—On the Production of Rain. 8 pp. 1892.

Ami, Henry M., M.A., F.G.S.

—On Canadian Extinct Vertebrates. 4 pp.—Ottawa Naturalist.—On the Geology of Quebec and Environs. 26 pp., 1 pl.—Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 2, pp. 477-502.—On the Geology of Quebec City, Canada. 4 pp.—Canadian Record Sci., April, 1891.—Additional Notes on Ganiograptus Thureani, McCoy, from the Levis Formation Canada. 2 pp.—Canad. Record Sci., Oct. 1889.—Reviews of Reports and Papers on Canadian Geology and Paleontology. 8 pp.—Ottawa Naturalist, Oct.-Dec. 1892.—Notes and Descriptions of some new or hitherto unrecorded species of Fossils from the Cambro-Silurian (Ordovician) Rocks of the Province of Quebec. 15 pp.—Canadian Record of Sci., April, 1892.—Review of Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda of the British Museum, Part 8, Nautiloidea. By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. 3 pp.—Canadian Record of Sci., Sept. 1891.—On the Sequence of Strata forming the Quebec Group of Logan and Billings, with Remarks on the Fossil Remains found therein. 4 pp.—Ottawa Naturalist, June, 1892.

—On Canadian Extinct Vertebrates. 4 pp.—Ottawa Naturalist.

—On the Geology of Quebec and Environs. 26 pp., 1 pl.—Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 2, pp. 477-502.

—On the Geology of Quebec City, Canada. 4 pp.—Canadian Record Sci., April, 1891.

—Additional Notes on Ganiograptus Thureani, McCoy, from the Levis Formation Canada. 2 pp.—Canad. Record Sci., Oct. 1889.

—Reviews of Reports and Papers on Canadian Geology and Paleontology. 8 pp.—Ottawa Naturalist, Oct.-Dec. 1892.

—Notes and Descriptions of some new or hitherto unrecorded species of Fossils from the Cambro-Silurian (Ordovician) Rocks of the Province of Quebec. 15 pp.—Canadian Record of Sci., April, 1892.

—Review of Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda of the British Museum, Part 8, Nautiloidea. By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. 3 pp.—Canadian Record of Sci., Sept. 1891.

—On the Sequence of Strata forming the Quebec Group of Logan and Billings, with Remarks on the Fossil Remains found therein. 4 pp.—Ottawa Naturalist, June, 1892.

Andeæ, A. and A. Osann.

—Beiträge zur Geologie des Blattes Heidelberg. 39 pp., III., 2 pl.—Aus den Mittheilungen der Grossh. Badischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, II Bd. VII-XI.

Baltzer, A.

—Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen über die Frage, ob der Granit-Gneiss der nördlichen Gränzregion der Finsteraarhorn-Centralmass eruptiv sei oder nicht, und über damit zusammenhängende Probleme. 41 pp., 2 pl.—Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1878.—Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ueber die Marmorlager am Nordrand des Finsteraarhorn-massivs. 20 pp., 2 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1877.—Ueber den Hautschild eines Rochen aus der marinen Molasse. 4 pp., 1 pl.—Aus den Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern.—Ueber den natürlichen Verkohlungsprozess. 23 pp.—Aus der Vierteljahrs-schrift der zürcherischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft.—Randerscheinungen der centralgranitischen Zone in Aarmassiv. 18 pp., 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch, 1885. II Band.—Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Glarnerschlinge. 20 pp., 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geol. und Pal. 1876.—Geologische Skizze des Wetterhorns in Berner Oberland. 14 pp., 2 pl., Zeit. der Deut. geolog. Gesell, 1878.—Geognostich-chemische Mittheilungen über die neuesten Eruptionen auf Vulcano und die Producte derselben. 29 pp., 3 pl.—Zeit. d. Deut. Geolog. Gesell, 1875.

—Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ueber die Marmorlager am Nordrand des Finsteraarhorn-massivs. 20 pp., 2 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1877.

—Ueber den Hautschild eines Rochen aus der marinen Molasse. 4 pp., 1 pl.—Aus den Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern.

—Ueber den natürlichen Verkohlungsprozess. 23 pp.—Aus der Vierteljahrs-schrift der zürcherischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft.

—Randerscheinungen der centralgranitischen Zone in Aarmassiv. 18 pp., 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch, 1885. II Band.

—Beiträge zur Geognosie der Schweizer-Alpen. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Glarnerschlinge. 20 pp., 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geol. und Pal. 1876.

—Geologische Skizze des Wetterhorns in Berner Oberland. 14 pp., 2 pl., Zeit. der Deut. geolog. Gesell, 1878.

—Geognostich-chemische Mittheilungen über die neuesten Eruptionen auf Vulcano und die Producte derselben. 29 pp., 3 pl.—Zeit. d. Deut. Geolog. Gesell, 1875.

—Ueber Bergstürze in den Alpen. 50 pp., 1 pl.—Aus dem Jahrbuch des S.A.C. (X. Jahrgang) Zürich, 1875.

Baker, Frank C.

—Notes on a Collection of Shells from the Mauritius; with a consideration of the Genus Magilus of Montfort. 22 pp., 1 pl.—Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, 1892.—Catalogue and Synonomy of the Recent Species of the Family of Muricidæ, First Paper. 20 pp.—Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1891.—Description of New Species of Muricidæ with Remarks on the Apices of Certain Forms. 9 pp., 1 pl.—Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1891.

—Notes on a Collection of Shells from the Mauritius; with a consideration of the Genus Magilus of Montfort. 22 pp., 1 pl.—Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, 1892.

—Catalogue and Synonomy of the Recent Species of the Family of Muricidæ, First Paper. 20 pp.—Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1891.

—Description of New Species of Muricidæ with Remarks on the Apices of Certain Forms. 9 pp., 1 pl.—Proc. Rochest. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1891.

Barrois, Charles.

—Sur la présence de fossiles dans le terrain azoique. 4 pp.—Comptes Rendus des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences, Aug. 8, 1892.

Beecher, C.E., Ph.D.

—The Development of some Silurian Brachiopods. 8 pl., 96 pp.—N. Yr State Mus., Vol. I, No. I, Oct. 1892.—Brachiospongidæ, a Memoir on a Group of Silurian Sponges. 28 pp., 6 pl. Memoirs of the Peabody Mus., Vol. II, Part I, 1889.—Insecta by Alpheus Hyatt and J. M. Arms.—Am. Jour. Sci., March, 1891.—New Types of Carboniferous Cockroaches from the Carboniferous Deposits of the United States; (2) New Carboniferous Myriapoda from Ill.; (3) Illustrations of the Carboniferous Arachnida of N. A., of the orders Anthracomarti and Pedipalpi; (4) The Insects of the Triassic Beds at Fairplay, Col., Samuel H. Scudder. 2 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Jan., 1891.—Some Abnormal and Pathologic Forms of Fresh Water Shells from the Vicinity of Albany, N. Y. 2 pp., 2 pl.—36th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. of Nat. Hist.—The Development of a Paleozoic Poriferous Coral. Symmetrical Cell Development in the Favositidæ. 12 pp., 7 pl.—Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., Vol. 8, 1891.—On Leptænisca, a New Genus of Brachiopod from the L. Helderberg Group. N. A. Species of Strophalosia. 8 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1890.—Ceratiocaridæ from the Chemung and Waverly Groups at Warren, Penn. 22 pp., 2 pl.—Rep. of Prop., PPP, 2d Geol. Surv. Penn., 1884.—A Spiral Bivalve from the Waverly Group of Penn. 4 pp., 1 pl.—39th An. Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 1886.—On the Lingual Dentition and Systematic Position of Pyrgula. 8 pp., 1 pl. Jour. N. Y. Mic. Soc., Jan., 1890.—On the Occurrence of U. Silurian Strata near Penobscot Bay, Maine. 6 pp., Ill.—Am. Jour. Sci., May, 1892.—Koninckina and Related Genera. 9 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1890.—Development of the Brachiopoda, Part I, Introduction. 14 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Apr., 1892.—Development of the Brachiopoda. Part II, Classification of the Stages of Growth and Decline. 22 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1892.

—The Development of some Silurian Brachiopods. 8 pl., 96 pp.—N. Yr State Mus., Vol. I, No. I, Oct. 1892.

—Brachiospongidæ, a Memoir on a Group of Silurian Sponges. 28 pp., 6 pl. Memoirs of the Peabody Mus., Vol. II, Part I, 1889.

—Insecta by Alpheus Hyatt and J. M. Arms.—Am. Jour. Sci., March, 1891.

—New Types of Carboniferous Cockroaches from the Carboniferous Deposits of the United States; (2) New Carboniferous Myriapoda from Ill.; (3) Illustrations of the Carboniferous Arachnida of N. A., of the orders Anthracomarti and Pedipalpi; (4) The Insects of the Triassic Beds at Fairplay, Col., Samuel H. Scudder. 2 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Jan., 1891.

—Some Abnormal and Pathologic Forms of Fresh Water Shells from the Vicinity of Albany, N. Y. 2 pp., 2 pl.—36th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. of Nat. Hist.

—The Development of a Paleozoic Poriferous Coral. Symmetrical Cell Development in the Favositidæ. 12 pp., 7 pl.—Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., Vol. 8, 1891.

—On Leptænisca, a New Genus of Brachiopod from the L. Helderberg Group. N. A. Species of Strophalosia. 8 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1890.

—Ceratiocaridæ from the Chemung and Waverly Groups at Warren, Penn. 22 pp., 2 pl.—Rep. of Prop., PPP, 2d Geol. Surv. Penn., 1884.

—A Spiral Bivalve from the Waverly Group of Penn. 4 pp., 1 pl.—39th An. Rep. N. Y. State Mus., 1886.

—On the Lingual Dentition and Systematic Position of Pyrgula. 8 pp., 1 pl. Jour. N. Y. Mic. Soc., Jan., 1890.

—On the Occurrence of U. Silurian Strata near Penobscot Bay, Maine. 6 pp., Ill.—Am. Jour. Sci., May, 1892.

—Koninckina and Related Genera. 9 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1890.

—Development of the Brachiopoda, Part I, Introduction. 14 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Apr., 1892.

—Development of the Brachiopoda. Part II, Classification of the Stages of Growth and Decline. 22 pp., 1 pl.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1892.

Beachler, Chas. S.

—Keokuk Group of the Miss. Valley. 8 pp.—Am. Geol., Aug., 1892. 3 copies.—The Rocks at St. Paul, Indiana and Vicinity. 2 pp.—Am. Geol., Mch., 1891. 3 copies.

—Keokuk Group of the Miss. Valley. 8 pp.—Am. Geol., Aug., 1892. 3 copies.

—The Rocks at St. Paul, Indiana and Vicinity. 2 pp.—Am. Geol., Mch., 1891. 3 copies.

Bigelow, Frank H.

—Notes on a new Method for the Discussion of Magnetic Observations. 40 pp., 2 pl.—Bull. Weather Bureau, 1892.

Boehm, Georg.

—Ueber den Fussmuskeleindruck bei Pachyerisma. 2 pp.—Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Freiburg i. B., 1892. VI. 3.—Megalodon, Pachyerisma und Diceras. 24 pp. 9 wood cuts.—Aus den Berichten der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft VI. 2. zu Freiburg i. B., 1891.—Lithiotis Problematica. 16 pp., 3 pl.—Naturforschenden Gesell. in Freiburg, Band II. Heft 3.

—Ueber den Fussmuskeleindruck bei Pachyerisma. 2 pp.—Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Freiburg i. B., 1892. VI. 3.

—Megalodon, Pachyerisma und Diceras. 24 pp. 9 wood cuts.—Aus den Berichten der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft VI. 2. zu Freiburg i. B., 1891.

—Lithiotis Problematica. 16 pp., 3 pl.—Naturforschenden Gesell. in Freiburg, Band II. Heft 3.

—Ueber das Alter der Kalke des col dei Schiosi. 4 pp.—Der Deut. Geolog. Gesell, 1887.—Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Kreide in den Venetianer Alpen. 16 pp., 4 pl. 3 cuts.—Aus den Berichten der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg i. B. Band VI. Heft 4.—Die Bivalven der Schichten des Diceras Muensteri (Diceraskalk) von Kelhein. 8 pp.—Zeit. Deut. Geol. Gesell. 1881.—Ueber die Fauna der Schichten mit Durga im Departement der Sarthe. 12 pp., 1 pl. 2 wood cuts.—Zeit. der Deut. geol. Gesell. Bd. XL., 1888.—Die Facies der grauen Kalke von Venetien im Departement der Sarthe. 6 pp.—Aus der Zeit. der Deut. geol. Gesell, 1887.—Südalpine Kreideablagerungen. 6 pp.—Aus der Zeit. d. Deut. geol. Gesell, Bd., 33, 2 Heft.—Ueber eine Anomalie im Kelche von Millericrinus mespiliformis. 5 pp., Ill. Zeit. der Deut. Geol. Gesell., Bd. 43, Heft 3.

—Ueber das Alter der Kalke des col dei Schiosi. 4 pp.—Der Deut. Geolog. Gesell, 1887.

—Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Kreide in den Venetianer Alpen. 16 pp., 4 pl. 3 cuts.—Aus den Berichten der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg i. B. Band VI. Heft 4.

—Die Bivalven der Schichten des Diceras Muensteri (Diceraskalk) von Kelhein. 8 pp.—Zeit. Deut. Geol. Gesell. 1881.

—Ueber die Fauna der Schichten mit Durga im Departement der Sarthe. 12 pp., 1 pl. 2 wood cuts.—Zeit. der Deut. geol. Gesell. Bd. XL., 1888.

—Die Facies der grauen Kalke von Venetien im Departement der Sarthe. 6 pp.—Aus der Zeit. der Deut. geol. Gesell, 1887.

—Südalpine Kreideablagerungen. 6 pp.—Aus der Zeit. d. Deut. geol. Gesell, Bd., 33, 2 Heft.

—Ueber eine Anomalie im Kelche von Millericrinus mespiliformis. 5 pp., Ill. Zeit. der Deut. Geol. Gesell., Bd. 43, Heft 3.

Bowerman, A.

—The Chinook Winds and other Climatic Conditions of the Northwest. 6 pp.—Hist. and Sci. Soc'y of Manitoba, Apr. 22, 1886.

Blanford, W. T., LL.D., F.R.S.

—On Additional Evidence of the Occurrence of Glacial Conditions in the Paleozoic Era, and in the Geological Age of the Beds Containing Plants of the Mesozoic Type in India and Australia.

Brigham, Albert P.

—A Chapter in Glacial History with Illustrative Notes from Central New York.—Trans. Oneida Hist. Society, 1889-91.—The Geology of Oneida County. 18 pp.—Trans. Oneida Hist. Society, 1887-88.—Rivers and the Evolution of Geographic Forms. 21 pp., Ill.—Am. Geog. Soc'y, Mch., 1892.

—A Chapter in Glacial History with Illustrative Notes from Central New York.—Trans. Oneida Hist. Society, 1889-91.

—The Geology of Oneida County. 18 pp.—Trans. Oneida Hist. Society, 1887-88.

—Rivers and the Evolution of Geographic Forms. 21 pp., Ill.—Am. Geog. Soc'y, Mch., 1892.

Chamberlin, T. C.

—Hillocks of Angular Gravel and Disturbed Stratification. 12 pp., Ill.—Am. Jour. Sci., May, 1884.

Carter, Prof.O. C. S.

—Ores, Minerals and Geology of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, with map.—Hist. of Mont. Co.—Artesian Wells in the Lowest Trias at Norristown. 7 pp.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., May 1, 1891.

—Ores, Minerals and Geology of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, with map.—Hist. of Mont. Co.

—Artesian Wells in the Lowest Trias at Norristown. 7 pp.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., May 1, 1891.

Carpenter, Commander A., R. N.

—Soundings Recently Taken off Barren Island Narcondam, Pl.—Records Geol. Sur. Ind., Vol. XX, Part 1, 1887.

Clarke, F. W.

—The Meteoric Collection in the U. S. Nat. Mus. A Catalogue of Meteorites Represented. Nov. 1, 1886. 13 pp. Ill., 1 pl.—Some Nickel Ores from Oregon, Ill. 7 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., June, 1888.—Tschemak's Theory of the Chlorite group and its Alternative. 10 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., March, 1892.—On Nephrite and Jadeite. 15 pp. 1 pl. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XI, 1888.—Studies in the Mica Group. 6 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1889.—A New occurrence of Gyrolite. 2 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1887.—Experiments upon the Constitution of the Natural Silicates. 25 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Oct., Nov., Dec., 1890.—Mica. 6 pp.—Min. Resources of the U. S., 1883-4.—Note on the Constitution of Ptilolite and Mordenite.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1892.—On Some Phosphides of Iridium and Platinum on Cadmium Iodide. Some Sp. Gr. Determinations. Researches on the Tartrates of Antimony.—Am. Chem. Jour. Vol. V., No. 4.—The Fractional Analysis of Silicates. 7 pp.—Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. XII, No. 10.

—The Meteoric Collection in the U. S. Nat. Mus. A Catalogue of Meteorites Represented. Nov. 1, 1886. 13 pp. Ill., 1 pl.

—Some Nickel Ores from Oregon, Ill. 7 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., June, 1888.

—Tschemak's Theory of the Chlorite group and its Alternative. 10 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., March, 1892.

—On Nephrite and Jadeite. 15 pp. 1 pl. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XI, 1888.

—Studies in the Mica Group. 6 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1889.

—A New occurrence of Gyrolite. 2 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1887.

—Experiments upon the Constitution of the Natural Silicates. 25 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Oct., Nov., Dec., 1890.

—Mica. 6 pp.—Min. Resources of the U. S., 1883-4.

—Note on the Constitution of Ptilolite and Mordenite.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1892.

—On Some Phosphides of Iridium and Platinum on Cadmium Iodide. Some Sp. Gr. Determinations. Researches on the Tartrates of Antimony.—Am. Chem. Jour. Vol. V., No. 4.

—The Fractional Analysis of Silicates. 7 pp.—Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. XII, No. 10.

—A Theory of the Mica Group. 10 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Nov. 1889.

Clarke F. W. (and J. S. Diller.)

—Topaz from Stoneham, Maine. 7 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., May, 1888.—Turquois from New Mexico. 7 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1886.

—Topaz from Stoneham, Maine. 7 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., May, 1888.

—Turquois from New Mexico. 7 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1886.

Clarke F. W. (and Charles Catlett.)

—A Platiniferous Nickel Ore from Canada. 3 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., May, 1889.

Clarke F. W. (and E. A. Schneider.)

—On the Constitution of Certain Micas, Vermiculites and Chlorites. 10 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1891.

Cohen, E.

—Ueber einige eigenthümliche Melaphyr-Mandelsteine aus Süd-Afrika. 15 pp. Map, 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min., 1875. Mandelsteine Aus Den Maluti-Bergen, Süd-Africa, 1 p. Ibid., 1880, Bd. I.—Ueber Laven von Hawaii und einigen anderen Inseln des Grossen Oceans nebst einigen Bemerkungen ueber glasige Gesteine im allgemeinen. 30 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. Geol. und Pal. 1880, Bd. II.—Goldführende Conglomerate in Süd-Afrika. 3 pp.—Mit. des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887.—Ueber die Trennung von Thonerde, Eisenoxyd und Titansäure. 2 pp.—Aus Neuem Jahrb. für Min. 1884.—Chemische Untersuchung des Meteoreisens von S. Juliao de Moreira, Portugal, sowie einiger anderen hexaëdrischen Eisen. 12 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1889, Bd. I.—Zusammenstellung petrographischer Untersuchungsmethoden nebst Angabe der Literatur. 36 pp.—Aus den Mit. aus dem naturw. Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen in Greifswald.—Ueber die Entstehung des Seifengoldes. 20 pp.—Mit. des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887.—Geonostisch-petrographische Skizzen aus Süd-Afrika. 48 pp. 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch, Min. 1874.—Ueber einige Vogesengesteine. 6 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. Geol. und Pal., 1883, Bd. I.—Andalusitführende Granite. 3 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1887, Bd. II.—Nekrolog von Jonas Gustaf Oscar Linnarsson. 2 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1882. Bd. I.—Versammlung des Oberrhein, geologischen Vereins zu Duerkheim, bayr. Rheinpfalz, am 13, 14 und 15 April, 1882. Ueber einen Aventurinquartz aus Ostindien.—Berichtigung bezüglich des "Olivin-Diallag-Gesteins" von Schriesheim im Odenwald. 2 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1885, Bd. I.—Ueber Pleochroitische Höfe in Biotit. 5 pp.—Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1888, Bd. I.—Kersantit von Laveline. 2 pp.—Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1879.—Das Labradoritführende Gestein der Küste von Labrador. 3 pp.—Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1885, Bd. I.—Ueber eine verbesserte Methode der Isolirung von Gesteinsgemengtheilen vermittelst Flussäure. 3 pp.—Mit. des naturw. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888.—Die Gold production Transvaal in Jahre 1889.—Ueber eine Pseudomorphose nach Markasit aus der Kreide von Arcona auf Ruegen. 4 pp.—Aus den Sitzungsberichten des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1886.—Das Obere Weilerthal und das Zunächst Angrenzende Gebirge. 150 pp.—Abhandlungen zur Geologischen Speciakarte von Elsass—Lothringen.—Ueber den Granat der süd-afrikanischen Diamantfelder und ueber den Chromgehalt der Pyrope. 4 pp.—Aus der Mit. des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888.—Ueber Speckstein, Pseudophit und dichten Muscovit aus Süd-Afrika. 6 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1887, Bd. I.—Titaneisen von den Diamantfeldern in Süd-Afrika. 2 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1877.—Ueber den Meteoriten von Zsadany, Temesvar Comitat, Banat. 10 pp.—Aus den Verhandlungen des Naturhist-Med. Vereins zu Heidelberg. II Bd., 2 Heft.

—Ueber einige eigenthümliche Melaphyr-Mandelsteine aus Süd-Afrika. 15 pp. Map, 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min., 1875. Mandelsteine Aus Den Maluti-Bergen, Süd-Africa, 1 p. Ibid., 1880, Bd. I.

—Ueber Laven von Hawaii und einigen anderen Inseln des Grossen Oceans nebst einigen Bemerkungen ueber glasige Gesteine im allgemeinen. 30 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. Geol. und Pal. 1880, Bd. II.

—Goldführende Conglomerate in Süd-Afrika. 3 pp.—Mit. des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887.

—Ueber die Trennung von Thonerde, Eisenoxyd und Titansäure. 2 pp.—Aus Neuem Jahrb. für Min. 1884.

—Chemische Untersuchung des Meteoreisens von S. Juliao de Moreira, Portugal, sowie einiger anderen hexaëdrischen Eisen. 12 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, 1889, Bd. I.

—Zusammenstellung petrographischer Untersuchungsmethoden nebst Angabe der Literatur. 36 pp.—Aus den Mit. aus dem naturw. Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen in Greifswald.

—Ueber die Entstehung des Seifengoldes. 20 pp.—Mit. des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1887.

—Geonostisch-petrographische Skizzen aus Süd-Afrika. 48 pp. 1 pl.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrbuch, Min. 1874.

—Ueber einige Vogesengesteine. 6 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. Geol. und Pal., 1883, Bd. I.

—Andalusitführende Granite. 3 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1887, Bd. II.

—Nekrolog von Jonas Gustaf Oscar Linnarsson. 2 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1882. Bd. I.

—Versammlung des Oberrhein, geologischen Vereins zu Duerkheim, bayr. Rheinpfalz, am 13, 14 und 15 April, 1882. Ueber einen Aventurinquartz aus Ostindien.

—Berichtigung bezüglich des "Olivin-Diallag-Gesteins" von Schriesheim im Odenwald. 2 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1885, Bd. I.

—Ueber Pleochroitische Höfe in Biotit. 5 pp.—Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1888, Bd. I.

—Kersantit von Laveline. 2 pp.—Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1879.

—Das Labradoritführende Gestein der Küste von Labrador. 3 pp.—Aus den Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1885, Bd. I.

—Ueber eine verbesserte Methode der Isolirung von Gesteinsgemengtheilen vermittelst Flussäure. 3 pp.—Mit. des naturw. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888.

—Die Gold production Transvaal in Jahre 1889.

—Ueber eine Pseudomorphose nach Markasit aus der Kreide von Arcona auf Ruegen. 4 pp.—Aus den Sitzungsberichten des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1886.

—Das Obere Weilerthal und das Zunächst Angrenzende Gebirge. 150 pp.—Abhandlungen zur Geologischen Speciakarte von Elsass—Lothringen.

—Ueber den Granat der süd-afrikanischen Diamantfelder und ueber den Chromgehalt der Pyrope. 4 pp.—Aus der Mit. des naturw. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1888.

—Ueber Speckstein, Pseudophit und dichten Muscovit aus Süd-Afrika. 6 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1887, Bd. I.

—Titaneisen von den Diamantfeldern in Süd-Afrika. 2 pp.—Aus dem Neuen Jahrb. Min. 1877.

—Ueber den Meteoriten von Zsadany, Temesvar Comitat, Banat. 10 pp.—Aus den Verhandlungen des Naturhist-Med. Vereins zu Heidelberg. II Bd., 2 Heft.

Cohen E.undW. Deecke.

—Ueber Geschiebe aus Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen. 84 pp.—Aus den Mitt. des naturwiss. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1881.—Sind die Stoerungen in der Lagerung der Kreide an de Ostküste von Jasmund (Ruegen) durch Faltungen zu erklären? 10 pp. 3 pl.—Aus den Mit. des naturwiss. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1889.—Ueber das Krystalline Grundgebirge der Inseln Bornholm.

—Ueber Geschiebe aus Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen. 84 pp.—Aus den Mitt. des naturwiss. Vereines für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1881.

—Sind die Stoerungen in der Lagerung der Kreide an de Ostküste von Jasmund (Ruegen) durch Faltungen zu erklären? 10 pp. 3 pl.—Aus den Mit. des naturwiss. Vereins für Neu-Vorpommern und Ruegen, 1889.

—Ueber das Krystalline Grundgebirge der Inseln Bornholm.

Cohen E.undE. Weinschenk.

—Meteoreisen-Studien. 32 pp.—Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Bd. VI. Heft 2, 1891.

Cross, Whitman.

—The Post-Laramie Beds of Middle Park, Colo. 27 pp.—Proc. Colo. Sci. Soc., Oct. 3, 1892.—Post-Laramie Deposits of Colorado. 22 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., July, 1892.(and L. G. Eakins).—A New Occurrence of Ptilolite.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1892.

—The Post-Laramie Beds of Middle Park, Colo. 27 pp.—Proc. Colo. Sci. Soc., Oct. 3, 1892.

—Post-Laramie Deposits of Colorado. 22 pp.—Am. Jour. Sci., July, 1892.

(and L. G. Eakins).

—A New Occurrence of Ptilolite.—Am. Jour. Sci., Aug., 1892.

Crosskey, H. W.

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