[86b]None of these Commissioners of Revenue lost their places at this time. Samuel Ogle was Commissioner from 1699 to 1714; John South from 1696 until his death in 1711; and Sir William St. Quintin, Bart., from 1706 to 1713. Stephen Ludlow succeeded South in September 1711.
[86c]See p.53.
[86d]James Hamilton, sixth Earl of Abercorn (1656–1734), a Scotch peer who had strongly supported the Union of 1706.
[87a]L’Estrange speaks of “insipid twittle twattles.” Johnson calls this “a vile word.”
[87b]A cousin of Swift’s; probably a son of William Swift.
[87c]Nicholas Sankey (died 1722) succeeded Lord Lovelace as Colonel of a Regiment of Foot in Ireland in 1689. He became Brigadier-General in 1704, Major-General 1707, and Lieutenant-General 1710. He served in Spain, and was taken prisoner at the battle of the Caya in 1709.
[88a]See p.88.
[88b]The Earl of Abercorn (see p.86) married, in 1686, Elizabeth, only child of Sir Robert Reading, Bart., of Dublin, by Jane, Dowager Countess of Mountrath. Lady Abercorn survived her husband twenty years, dying in 1754, aged eighty-six.
[88c]Charles Lennox, first Duke of Richmond and Gordon (1672–1723), was the illegitimate son of CharlesII. by Madame de Querouaille.
[88d]Sir Robert Raymond, afterwards Lord Raymond (1673–1733), M.P. for Bishop’s Castle, Shropshire, was appointed Solicitor-General in May 1710, and was knighted in October. He was removed from office on the accession of George I., but was made Attorney-General in 1720, and in 1724 became a judge of the King’s Bench. In the following year he was made Lord Chief-Justice, and was distinguished both for his learning and his impartiality.
[88e]Lynn-Regis.
[88f]Richard Savage, fourth Earl Rivers, the father of Richard Savage, the poet. Under the Whigs Lord Rivers was Envoy to Hanover; and after his conversion by Harley, he was Constable of the Tower under the Tories. He died in 1712.
[89a]Chancellor of the Exchequer in Ireland from 1695 until his death in 1717.
[89b]Lord Shelburne’s clever sister, Anne, only daughter of Sir William Petty, and wife of Thomas Fitzmaurice, Lord of Kerry, afterwards created first Earl of Kerry.
[89c]Mrs. Pratt, an Irish friend of Lady Kerry, lodged at Lord Shelburne’s during her visit to London. The reference to Clements (see p.73), Pratt’s relative, in theJournalfor April 14, 1711, makes it clear that Mrs. Pratt was the wife of the Deputy Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, to whom Swift often alludes (see p.9).
[89d]Lieutenant-General Thomas Meredith, Major-General Maccartney, and Brigadier Philip Honeywood. They alleged that their offence only amounted to drinking a health to the Duke of Marlborough, and confusion to his enemies. But the Government said that an example must be made, because various officers had dropped dangerous expressions about standing by their General, Marlborough, who was believed to be aiming at being made Captain General for life. For Maccartney see theJournalfor Nov. 15, 1712, seq. Meredith, who was appointed Adjutant-General of the Forces in 1701, was made a Lieutenant-General in 1708. He saw much service under WilliamIII., and Marlborough, and was elected M.P. for Midhurst in 1709. He died in 1719 (Dalton’sArmy Lists, iii. 181). Honeywood entered the army in 1694; was at Namur; and was made a Brigadier-General before 1711. After the accession of George I. he became Colonel of a Regiment of Dragoons, and commanded a division at Dettingen. At his death in 1752 he was acting as Governor of Portsmouth, with the rank of General (Dalton, iv. 30).
[90a]Or “malkin”; a counterfeit, or scarecrow.
[90b]William Cadogan, Lieutenant-General and afterwards Earl Cadogan (1675–1726), a great friend of Marlborough, was Envoy to the United Provinces and Spanish Flanders. Cadogan retained the post of Lieutenant to the Tower until 1715.
[90c]Earl Cadogan’s father, Henry Cadogan, barrister, married Bridget, daughter of Sir Hardresse Waller, and sister of Elizabeth, Baroness Shelburne in her own right.
[90d]See p.28.
[90e]Cadogan married Margaretta, daughter of William Munter, Counsellor of the Court of Holland.
[91a]Presumably the eldest son, William, who succeeded his father as second Earl of Kerry in 1741, and died in 1747. He was at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, and was afterwards a Colonel in the Coldstream Guards.
[91b]Henry Petty, third Lord Shelburne, who became Earl of Shelburne in 1719. His son predeceased him, without issue, and on Lord Shelburne’s death, in 1751, his honours became extinct. His daughter Anne also died without issue.
[91c]The menagerie, which had been one of the sights of London, was removed from the Tower in 1834. In his account of the Tory Fox Hunter in No. 47 of theFreeholder, Addison says, “Our first visit was to the lions.”
[91d]Bethlehem Hospital, for lunatics, in Moorfields, was a popular “sight” in the eighteenth century. Cf. theTatler, No. 30: “On Tuesday last I took three lads, who are under my guardianship, a rambling, in a hackney coach, to show them the town: as the lions, the tombs, Bedlam.”
[91e]The Royal Society met at Gresham College from 1660 to 1710. The professors of the College lectured on divinity, civil law, astronomy, music, geometry, rhetoric, and physic.
[91f]The most important of the puppet-shows was Powell’s, in the Little Piazza, Covent Garden, which is frequently mentioned in theTatler.
[91g]The precise nature this negligent costume is not known, but it is always decried by popular writers of the time.
[91h]Retched. Bacon has “Patients must not keck at them at the first.”
[92a]Swift was born on November 30.
[92b]Mrs. De la Riviere Manley, daughter of Sir Roger Manley, and cousin of John Manley, M.P., and Isaac Manley (see pp.7,24), wrote poems and plays, but is best known for herSecret Memoirs and Manners of Several Persons of Quality,of both sexes.From the New Atalantis, 1709, a book abounding in scandalous references to her contemporaries. She was arrested in October, but was discharged in Feb. 1710. In May 1710 she brought out a continuation of theNew Atalantis, calledMemoirs of Europe towards the Close of the Eighth Century. In June 1711 she became editress of the ToryExaminer, and wrote political pamphlets with Swift’s assistance. Afterwards she lived with Alderman Barber, the printer, at whose office she died in 1724. In her will she mentioned her “much honoured friend, the Dean of St. Patrick, Dr. Swift.”
[92c]“He seems to have written these words in a whim; for the sake of what follows” (Deane Swift).
[93a]See p.62.
[93b]No. 249 (see p.81).
[94a]See p.30.
[94b]In a letter to the Rev. Dr. Tisdall, of Dec. 16, 1703, Swift said: “I’ll teach you a way to outwit Mrs. Johnson: it is a new-fashioned way of being witty, and they call it abite. You must ask a bantering question, or tell some damned lie in a serious manner, and then she will answer or speak as if you were in earnest; and then cry you, ‘Madam, there’s abite!’ I would not have you undervalue this, for it is the constant amusement in Court, and everywhere else among the great people.” See, too, theTatler, No. 12, andSpectator, Nos. 47, 504: “In a word, a Biter is one who thinks you a fool, because you do not think him a knave.”
[94c]See p.66.
[95a]“As I hope to be saved;” a favourite phrase in theJournal.
[95b]See p.48.
[95c]This statement receives some confirmation from a pamphlet published in September 1710, calledA Condoling Letter to the Tatler:On Account of the Misfortunes of Isaac Bickerstaf Esq.,a Prisoner in the — on Suspicion of Debt.
[95d]Dr. Lambert, chaplain to Lord Wharton, was censured in Convocation for being the author of a libellous letter.
[95e]Probably the same person as Dr. Griffith, spoken of in theJournalfor March 3, 1713,—when he was ill,—as having been “very tender of” Stella.
[96a]See p.74, note 1.
[96b]Vexed, offended. Elsewhere Swift wrote, “I am apt to grate the ears of more than I could wish.”
[96c]Ambrose Philips, whose Pastorals had been published in the same volume of Tonson’sMiscellanyas Pope’s. Two years later Swift wrote, “I should certainly have provided for him had he not run party mad.” In 1712 his play,The Distrest Mother, received flattering notice in theSpectator, and in 1713, to Pope’s annoyance, Philips’ Pastorals were praised in theGuardian. His pretty poems to children led Henry Carey to nickname him “Namby Pamby.”
[97a]An equestrian statue of WilliamIII., in College Green, Dublin. It was common, in the days of party, for students of the University of Dublin to play tricks with this statue.
[97b]Lieutenant-General Richard Ingoldsby (died 1712) was Commander of the Forces in Ireland, and one of the Lords Justices in the absence of the Lord Lieutenant.
[97c]This seems to have been a mistake; cf.Journalfor July 13, 1711, Alan Brodrick, afterwards Viscount Midleton, a Whig politician and lawyer, was made Chief Justice of the Queen’s Bench in Ireland in 1709, but was removed from office in June 1711, when Sir Richard Cox succeeded him. On the accession of George I. he was appointed Lord Chancellor for Ireland. Afterwards he declined to accept the dedication to him of Swift’sDrapiers Letters, and supported the prosecution of the author. He died in 1728.
[97d]Robert Doyne was appointed Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland in 1695, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1703. This appointment was revoked on the accession of George I.
[97e]See p.69.
[97f]Of the University of Dublin.
[98a]See pp.6,7. Sir Thomas Frankland’s eldest son, Thomas, who afterwards succeeded to the baronetcy, acquired a fortune with his first wife, Dinah, daughter of Francis Topham, of Agelthorpe, Yorkshire. He died in 1747.
[98b]See p.60.
[98c]See p.20.
[99a]Mary, daughter of Sir John Williams, Bart., and widow of Charles Petty, second Lord Shelburne, who died in 1696. She had married, as her second husband, Major-General Conyngham, and, as her third husband, Colonel Dallway.
[99b]Dr. John Vesey became Bishop of Limerick in 1672, and Archbishop of Tuam in 1678. He died in 1716.
[100a]See p.14.
[100b]Sex.
[100c]Toby Caulfeild, third son of the fifth Lord Charlemont. In 1689 he was Colonel to the Earl of Drogheda’s Regiment of Foot, and about 1705 he succeeded to the command of Lord Skerrin’s Regiment of Foot. After serving in Spain his regiment was reduced, having lost most of its men (Luttrell, vi. 158).
[101a]John Campbell, second Duke of Argyle (1680–1743), was installed a Knight of the Garter in December 1710, after he had successfully opposed a vote of thanks to Marlborough, with whom he had quarrelled. It was of this nobleman that Pope wrote—
“Argyle, the State’s whole thunder born to wield,And shake alike the senate and the field.”
“Argyle, the State’s whole thunder born to wield,And shake alike the senate and the field.”
In a note to Macky’sMemoirs, Swift describes the Duke as an “ambitious, covetous, cunning Scot, who had no principle but his own interests and greatness.”
[101b]Harley’s second wife, Sarah, daughter of Simon Middleton, of Edmonton, and sister of Sir Hugh Middleton, Bart. She died, without issue, in 1737.
[101c]Elizabeth Harley, then unmarried, the daughter of Harley’s first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Foley, of Whitley Court, Worcestershire. She subsequently married the Marquis of Caermarthen, afterwards Duke of Leeds.
[101d]Harcourt (see p.11).
[102]William Stawel, the third baron, who succeeded to the title in 1692, was half-brother to the second Baron Stawel. The brother here referred to was Edward, who succeeded to the title as fourth baron in 1742.
[104a]Charles Finch, third Earl of Winchelsea, son of Lord Maidstone, and grandson of Heneage, second Earl of Winchelsea. On his death in 1712 Swift spoke of him as “a worthy honest gentleman, and particular friend of mine.”
[104b]Vedeau was a shopkeeper, who abandoned his trade for the army (Journal, March 28, April 4, 1711). Swift calls him “a lieutenant, who is now broke, and upon half pay” (Journal, Nov. 18, 1712).
[104c]Sir Edmund Bacon, Bart. (died 1721), of Herringflat, Suffolk, succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1686.
[104d]The reverse at Brihuega.
[104e]See p.57.
[106a]John Barber, a printer, became Lord Mayor of London in 1732, and died in 1741. Mrs. Manley was his mistress, and died at his printing office. Swift speaks of Barber as his “very good and old friend.”
[106b]Bernage was an officer serving under Colonel Fielding. In August 1710 a difficulty arose through Arbuthnot trying to get his brother George made Captain over Bernage’s head; but ultimately Arbuthnot waived the business, because he would not wrong a friend of Swift’s.
[106c]See p.99.
[107a]George Smalridge (1663–1719), the High Church divine and popular preacher, was made Dean of Carlisle in 1711, and Bishop of Bristol in 1714. Steele spoke of him in theTatler(Nos. 73, 114) as “abounding in that sort of virtue and knowledge which makes religion beautiful.”
[107b]St. Albans Street, Pall Mall, was removed in 1815 to make way for Waterloo Place. It was named after Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans.
[109]See p.100
[112a]Algernon Seymour, Earl of Hertford (1684–1750), only son of Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset. Lord Hertford succeeded to the dukedom in 1748. From 1708 to 1722 he was M.P. for Northumberland, and from 1708 to 1713 he took an active part in the war in Flanders.
[112b]See p.17.
[112c]A Short Character of the Earl of Wharton(see p.85).
[112d]See69.
[113]Henry Herbert, the last Baron Herbert of Cherbury, succeeded to the peerage in 1709, and soon afterwards married a sister of the Earl of Portsmouth. A ruined man, he committed suicide in 1738.
[114]Nos. 257, 260.
[115a]See p.26.
[115b]“Afteris interlined” (Deane Swift).
[115c]With this account may be compared what Pope says, as recorded in Spence’sAnecdotes, p. 223: “Lord Peterborough could dictate letters to nine amanuenses together, as I was assured by a gentleman who saw him do it when Ambassador at Turin. He walked round the room, and told each of them in his turn what he was to write. One perhaps was a letter to the emperor, another to an old friend, a third to a mistress, a fourth to a statesman, and so on: yet he carried so many and so different connections in his head, all at the same time.”
[116a]Francis Atterbury, Dean of Carlisle, had taken an active part in the defence of Dr. Sacheverell. After a long period of suspense he received the appointment of Dean of Christ Church, and in 1713 he was made Bishop of Rochester and Dean of Westminster. Atterbury was on intimate terms with Swift, Pope, and other writers on the Tory side, and Addison—at whose funeral the Bishop officiated—described him as “one of the greatest geniuses of his age.”
[116b]John Carteret, second Baron Carteret, afterwards to be well known as a statesman, succeeded to the peerage in 1695, and became Earl Granville and Viscount Carteret on the death of his brother in 1744. He died in 1763. In October 1710, when twenty years of age, he had married Frances, only daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., of Appuldurcombe, Isle of Wight.
[117a]Dillon Ashe, D.D., Vicar of Finglas, and brother of the Bishop of Clogher. In 1704 he was made Archdeacon of Clogher, and in 1706 Chancellor of Armagh. He seems to have been too fond of drink.
[117b]Henley (see p.37) married Mary, daughter of Peregrine Bertie, the second son of Montagu, Earl of Lindsey, and with her obtained a fortune of £30,000. After Henley’s death his widow married her relative, Henry Bertie, third son of James, Earl of Abingdon.
[117c]Hebrews v. 6.
[118a]Probably Mrs. Manley and John Barber (see pp.92,106).
[118b]Sir Andrew Fountaine’s (see p.28) father, Andrew Fountaine, M.P., married Sarah, daughter of Sir Thomas Chicheley, Master of the Ordnance. Sir Andrew’s sister, Elizabeth, married Colonel Edward Clent. The “scoundrel brother,” Brig, died in 1746, aged sixty-four (Blomefield’sNorfolk, vi. 233–36).
[118c]Dame Overdo, the justice’s wife in Ben Jonson’sBartholomew Fair.
[119a]See p.7.
[119b]Atterbury, who had recently been elected Prolocutor to the Lower House of Convocation.
[120a]Dr. Sterne, Dean of St. Patrick’s, was not married.
[120b]January 6 was Twelfth-night.
[120c]Garraway’s Coffee-house, in Change Alley, was founded by Thomas Garway, the first coffee-man who sold and retailed tea. A room upstairs was used for sales of wine “by the candle.”
[120d]Sir Constantine Phipps, who had taken an active part in Sacheverell’s defence. Phipps’ interference in elections in the Tory interest made him very unpopular in Dublin, and he was recalled on the death of Queen Anne.
[120e]Joseph Trapp, one of the seven poets alluded to in the distich:—
“Alma novem genuit celebres Rhedycina poetas,Bubb, Stubb, Grubb, Crabb, Trapp, Young, Carey, Tickell, Evans.”
“Alma novem genuit celebres Rhedycina poetas,Bubb, Stubb, Grubb, Crabb, Trapp, Young, Carey, Tickell, Evans.”
Trapp wrote a tragedy in 1704, and in 1708 was chosen the first Professor of Poetry at Oxford. In 1710 he published pamphlets on behalf of Sacheverell, and in 1712 Swift secured for him the post of chaplain to Bolingbroke. During his latter years he held several good livings. Elsewhere Swift calls him a “coxcomb.”
[120f]See p.50.
[121]The extreme Tories, who afterwards formed the October Club.
[122]Crowd. A Jacobean writer speaks of “the lurry of lawyers,” and “a lurry and rabble of poor friars.”
[123a]See p.24, note 3.
[123b]St. John’s first wife was Frances, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Henry Winchcombe, Bart., of Berkshire, and in her right St. John enjoyed the estates of Bucklebury, which on her death in 1718 passed to her sister. In April 1711 Swift said that “poor Mrs. St. John” was growing a great favourite of his; she was going to Bath owing to ill-health, and begged him to take care of her husband. She “said she had none to trust but me, and the poor creature’s tears came fresh in her eyes.” Though the marriage was, naturally enough, unhappy, she did not leave St. John’s house until 1713, and she returned to him when he fell from power. There are letters from her to Swift as late as 1716, not only doing her best to defend his honour, but speaking of him with tenderness.
[123c]“Battoon” means (1) a truncheon; (2) a staff of office. Luttrell, in 1704, speaks of “a battoon set with diamonds sent him from the French king.”
[124a]Edward Harley, second son of Sir Edward Harley, was M.P. for Leominster and Recorder of the same town. In 1702 he was appointed Auditor of the Imposts, a post which he held until his death in 1735. His wife, Sarah, daughter of Thomas Foley, was a sister of Robert Harley’s wife, and his eldest son eventually became third Earl of Oxford. Harley published several books on biblical subjects.
[124b]See p.36. The last number of Steele’sTatlerappeared on Jan. 2, 1711; Harrison’s paper reached to fifty-two numbers.
[124c]Dryden Leach (see p.51).
[125a]Cf. Letter 7, October 28th.
[125b]Published by John Baker and John Morphew. See Aitken’sLife of Steele, i. 299–301.
[125c]In No. 224 of theTatler, Addison, speaking of polemical advertisements, says: “The inventors of Strops for Razors have written against one another this way for several years, and that with great bitterness.” See alsoSpectator, Nos. 428, 509, and thePostmanfor March 23, 1703: “The so much famed strops for setting razors, etc., are only to be had at Jacob’s Coffee-house. . . . Beware of counterfeits, for such are abroad.”
[126a]Sir John Holland (see p.11).
[126b]Addison speaks of a fine flaxen long wig costing thirty guineas (Guardian, No. 97), and Duumvir’s fair wig, which Phillis threw into the fire, cost forty guineas (Tatler, No. 54)
[127a]Swift’s mother, Abigail Erick, was of a Leicestershire family, and after her husband’s death she spent much of her time with her friends near her old home. Mr. Worrall, vicar of St. Patrick’s, with whom Swift was on terms of intimacy in 1728–29, was evidently a relative of the Worralls where Mrs. Swift had lodged, and we may reasonably suppose that he owed the living to Swift’s interest in the family.
[127b]The title of a humorous poem by Lydgate. A “lickpenny” is a greedy or grasping person.
[128a]Small wooden blocks used for lighting fires. See Swift (“Description of the Morning”),
“The small-coal man was heard with cadence deep,Till drowned in shriller notes of chimney-sweep;”
“The small-coal man was heard with cadence deep,Till drowned in shriller notes of chimney-sweep;”
and Gay (Trivia, ii. 35),
“When small-coal murmurs in the hoarser throat,From smutty dangers guard thy threatened coat.”
“When small-coal murmurs in the hoarser throat,From smutty dangers guard thy threatened coat.”
[128b]The Tory Ministers.
[129a]See p.51.
[129b]Thomas Southerne’s play ofOroonoko, based on Mrs. Aphra Behn’s novel of the same name, was first acted in 1696.
[129c]“Mrs.” Cross created the part of Mrs. Clerimont in Steele’sTender Husbandin 1705.
[130a]See p.106.
[130b]George Granville, afterwards Lord Lansdowne, was M.P. for Cornwall, and Secretary at War. In December 1711 he was raised to the peerage, and in 1712 was appointed Comptroller of the Household. He died in 1735, when the title became extinct. Granville wrote plays and poems, and was a patron of both Dryden and Pope. Pope called him “Granville the polite.” HisWorks in Verse and Proseappeared in 1732.
[131a]Samuel Masham, son of Sir Francis Masham, Bart., had been a page to the Queen while Princess of Denmark, and an equerry and gentleman of the bed-chamber to Prince George. He married Abigail Hill (see p.149), daughter of Francis Hill, a Turkey merchant, and sister of General John Hill, and through that lady’s influence with the Queen he was raised to the peerage as Baron Masham, in January 1712. Under George I. he was Remembrancer of the Exchequer. He died in 1758.
[131b]A roughly printed pamphlet,The Honourable Descent,Life,and True Character of the. . .Earl of Wharton, appeared early in 1711, in reply to Swift’sShort Character; but that can hardly be the pamphlet referred to here, because it is directed against libellers and backbiters, and cannot be described as “pretty civil.”
[131c]“In that word (the seven last words of the sentence huddled into one) there were some puzzling characters” (Deane Swift).
[132]Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., married, in 1690, Frances, only daughter of the first Viscount Weymouth. Their daughter Frances married Lord Carteret (see p.116) in 1710. In a letter to Colonel Hunter in March 1709 Swift spoke of Lady (then Mrs.) Worsley as one of the principal beauties in town. See, too, Swift’s letter to her of April 19, 1730: “My Lady Carteret has been the best queen we have known in Ireland these many years; yet is she mortally hated by all the young girls, because (and it is your fault) she is handsomer than all of them together.”
[133a]See p.7.
[133b]See p.25.
[133c]William Stratford, son of Nicholas Stratford, Bishop of Chester, was Archdeacon of Richmond and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, until his death in 1729.
[133d]See p.10.
[134a]James, third Earl of Berkeley (1680–1736), whom Swift calls a “young rake” (see p.151). The young Countess of Berkeley was only sixteen on her marriage. In 1714 she was appointed a lady of the bed-chamber to Caroline, Princess of Wales, and she died of smallpox in 1717, aged twenty-two. The Earl was an Admiral, and saw much service between 1701 and 1710; under George I. he was First Lord of the Admiralty.
[134b]Edward Wettenhall was Bishop of Kilmore from 1699 to 1713.
[134c]In the Dedication toThe Tale of a TubSwift had addressed Somers in very different terms: “There is no virtue, either in public or private life, which some circumstances of your own have not often produced upon the stage of the world.”
[136]Their lodgings, opposite to St. Mary’s Church in Stafford Street, Dublin.
[138a]The Stamp Act was not passed until June 1712: see theJournalfor Aug. 7, 1712.
[138b]Both in St. James’s Park. The Canal was formed by CharlesII. from several small ponds, and Rosamond’s Pond was a sheet of water in the south-west corner of the Park, “long consecrated,” as Warburton said, “to disastrous love and elegiac poetry.” It is often mentioned as a place of assignation in Restoration plays. Evelyn (Diary, Dec. 1, 1662) describes the “scheets” used on the Canal.
[139a]Mrs. Beaumont.
[139b]The first direct mention of Hester Vanhomrigh. She is referred to only in two other places in theJournal(Feb. 14, 1710–11, and Aug. 14, 1711).
[139c]See p.10.
[139d]No. 27, by Swift himself.
[140a]No. 7 of Harrison’s series.
[140b]The printers of the originalTatler.
[141]Harley had forwarded to Swift a banknote for £50 (seeJournal, March 7, 1710–11).
[143]At Moor Park.
[144a]Scott says that Swift here alludes to some unidentified pamphlet of which he was the real or supposed author.
[144b]See p.89.
[144c]TheExaminer.
[145a]See p.43.
[145b]Mistaken.
[145c]Mrs. De Caudres, “over against St. Mary’s Church, near Capel Street,” where Stella now lodged.
[146a]“A crease in the sheet” (Deane Swift).
[146b]“In the original it was,good mallows,little sollahs. But in these words, and many others, he writes constantlyllforrr” (Deane Swift).
[147a]See p.21.
[147b]“Those letters which are in italics in the original are of a monstrous size, which occasioned his calling himself a loggerhead” (Deane Swift).
[147c]I.e., to ask whether.
[148a]Harcourt.
[148b]“A shilling passes for thirteenpence in Ireland” (Deane Swift).
[148c]Robert Cope, a gentleman of learning with whom Swift corresponded.
[148d]Archdeacon Morris is not mentioned in Cotton’sFasti Ecclesiæ Hiberniæ.
[149a]See p.131.
[149b]See p.76.
[149c]Abigail Hill, afterwards Lady Masham, had been introduced into the Queens service as bed-chamber woman by the Duchess of Marlborough. Her High Church and Tory views recommended her to Queen Anne, and in 1707 she was privately married to Mr. Samuel Masham, a gentleman in the service of Prince George (see p.131). The Duchess of Marlborough discovered that Mrs. Masham’s cousin, Harley, was using her influence to further his own interests with the Queen; and in spite of her violence the Duchess found herself gradually supplanted. From 1710 Mrs. Masham’s only rival in the royal favour was the Duchess of Somerset. Afterwards she quarrelled with Harley and joined the Bolingbroke faction.
[149d]See20.
[150a]No. 14 of Harrison’s series.
[150b]See p.139.
[150c]Richard Duke, a minor poet and friend of Dryden’s, entered the Church about 1685. In July 1710 he was presented by the Bishop of Winchester to the living of Witney, Oxfordshire, which was worth £700 a year.
[150d]Sir Jonathan Trelawney, one of the seven bishops committed to the Tower in 1688, was translated to Winchester in 1707, when he appointed Duke to be his chaplain.
[151a]See p.17.
[151b]See p.14.
[151c]See p.134.
[151d]See p.52.
[152a]Cf. p.155.
[152b]Esther Johnson lodged opposite St. Mary’s in Dublin.
[152c]This famous Tory club began with the meeting together of a few extreme Tories at the Bell in Westminster. The password to the Club—“October”—was one easy of remembrance to a country gentleman who loved his ale.
[153]“Duke” Disney, “not an old man, but an old rake,” died in 1731. Gay calls him “facetious Disney,” and Swift says that all the members of the Club “love him mightily.” Lady M. W. Montagu speaks of his
“Broad plump face, pert eyes, and ruddy skin,Which showed the stupid joke which lurked within.”
“Broad plump face, pert eyes, and ruddy skin,Which showed the stupid joke which lurked within.”
Disney was a French Huguenot refugee, and his real name was Desaulnais. He commanded an Irish regiment, and took part in General Hill’s expedition to Canada in 1711 (Kingsford’sCanada, ii. 465). By his will (Wentworth Papers, 109) he “left nothing to his poor relations, but very handsome to his bottle companions.”
[154]There were several Colonel Fieldings in the first half of the eighteenth century, and it is not clear which is the one referred to by Swift. Possibly he was the Edmund Fielding—grandson of the first Earl of Denbigh—who died a Lieutenant-General in 1741, at the age of sixty-three, but is best known as the father of Henry Fielding, the novelist.
[155]Cf. p.152.
[156a]See p.14.
[156b]“It is a measured mile round the outer wall; and far beyond any the finest square in London” (Deane Swift).
[156c]“The common fare for a set-down in Dublin” (ib.).
[156d]“Mrs. Stoyte lived at Donnybrook, the road to which from Stephen’s Green ran into the country about a mile from the south-east corner” (ib.).
[156e]“Those words in italics are written in a very large hand, and so is the word large” (ib.).
[157]Deane Swift alters “lele” to “there,” but in a note states how he here altered Swift’s “cypher way of writing.” No doubt “lele” and other favourite words occurred frequently in the MS., as they do in the later letters.
[158a]Sir Thomas Mansel, Bart., Comptroller of the Household to Queen Anne, and a Lord of the Treasury, was raised to the peerage in December 1711 as Baron Mansel of Margam. He died in 1723.
[158b]Lady Betty Butler and Lady Betty Germaine (see pp.14,17).
[159]James Eckershall, “second clerk of the Queen’s Privy Kitchen.” Chamberlayne (Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia, 1710, p. 536) says that his wages were £11, 8s. 1½d., and board-wages £138, 11s. 10½d., making £150 in all. Afterwards Eckershall was gentleman usher to Queen Anne; he died at Drayton in 1753, aged seventy-four. Pope was in correspondence with him in 1720 on the subject of contemplated speculations in South Sea and other stocks.
[160a]In October 1710 (see p.43) Swift wrote as if he knew about the preparation of theseMiscellanies. The volume was published by Morphew instead of Tooke, and it is frequently referred to in theJournal.
[160b]In 1685 the Duke of Ormond (see p.5) married, as his second wife, Lady Mary Somerset, eldest surviving daughter of Henry, first Duke of Beaufort.
[160c]Arthur Moore, M.P., was a Commissioner of Trade and Plantations from 1710 until his death in 1730. Gay calls him “grave,” and Pope (“Prologue to the Satires,” 23) says that Moore blamed him for the way in which his “giddy son,” James Moore Smythe, neglected the law.
[161a]James, Lord Paisley, who succeeded his father (see p.86) as seventh Earl of Abercorn in 1734, married, in 1711, Anne, eldest daughter of Colonel John Plumer, of Blakesware, Herts.
[161b]Harley’s ill-health was partly due to his drinking habits.
[161c]Crowd or confusion.
[162]The first wife of Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of Somerset, was Lady Elizabeth Percy, only daughter of Joscelyn, eleventh Earl of Northumberland, and heiress of the house of Percy. She married the Duke, her third husband, at the age of eighteen.
[163a]John Richardson, D.D., rector of Armagh, Cavan, and afterwards chaplain to the Duke of Ormond. In 1711 he published aProposal for the Conversion of the Popish Natives of Ireland to the Established Religion, and in 1712 aShort History of the Attempts to Convert the Popish Natives of Ireland. In 1709 the Lower House of Convocation in Ireland had passed resolutions for printing the Bible and liturgy in Irish, providing Irish preachers, etc. In 1711 Thomas Parnell, the poet, headed a deputation to the Queen on the subject, when an address was presented; but nothing came of the proposals, owing to fears that the English interest in Ireland might be injured. In 1731 Richardson was given the small deanery of Kilmacluagh.
[163b]See p.159.
[163c]Harley.
[163d]“Bank bill for fifty pound,” taking the alternate letters (see pp.141,150).
[164a]See p.25.