APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.BIBLIOGRAPHY.The standard work on Transcaucasian bibliography isMiansarov(M.),Bibliographia Caucasica et Transcaucasica.S. Pbg., 1874–76, 8vo, 804 pp., 4840 refs. It is rather scarce, as the edition was limited to 600 copies. Only one volume has been published, although a second was promised. Most of the works mentioned are in Russian or Armenian, and as far as European publications are concerned, Miansarov is very incomplete. In the following pages I have referred to comparatively few Russian books.After Miansarov, the following, among many others, may with advantage be consulted:—Catalogue de la Section des Russica, published by Bibl. imp. publ. de St. Pbg., 1873. 2 vols. 8vo.Semenov(P.), Geografichsko-statistichskii slovar Rosiiskoi Imperii. Pbg., 1863–1885. 5 vols. 4to.Stuckenberg(J. Ch.), Versuch eines Quellen-Anzeigers ... fuer das Studium der Geographie ... des Russischen Reichs. Pbg., 1849–1852. 2 vols. 8vo.I am fully conscious of the shortcomings of this essay, and shall be glad to find it extended and corrected by later writers, to whom it may serve as a groundwork.Works of special interest are marked*.GEOGRAPHY, TRAVELS, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.*Brosset(M. F.), Description géographique de la Géorgie parle Tsarévitch Wakhoucht. Texte géorgien suivi d’une traduction française. Avec 6 cartes lith. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1842. 4 to.Wakhoucht wrote to the local authorities all over the country, asking each for information about his own district; the present standard work was the result of his inquiries.Ancient Geography.Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.Mediæval Geography.Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.Eighteenth Century.Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.Nineteenth Century.Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.ForArcheologyvide—Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.HISTORY.General.*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.Early History.Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)Modern History.Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.Georgian Grammars and Dictionaries—Comparative Philology.Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.Osset, Mingrelian, Abkhazian, Svanetian, and Lazian Languages.Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.Georgian Literature.—Translations and criticisms.*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

APPENDIX.BIBLIOGRAPHY.The standard work on Transcaucasian bibliography isMiansarov(M.),Bibliographia Caucasica et Transcaucasica.S. Pbg., 1874–76, 8vo, 804 pp., 4840 refs. It is rather scarce, as the edition was limited to 600 copies. Only one volume has been published, although a second was promised. Most of the works mentioned are in Russian or Armenian, and as far as European publications are concerned, Miansarov is very incomplete. In the following pages I have referred to comparatively few Russian books.After Miansarov, the following, among many others, may with advantage be consulted:—Catalogue de la Section des Russica, published by Bibl. imp. publ. de St. Pbg., 1873. 2 vols. 8vo.Semenov(P.), Geografichsko-statistichskii slovar Rosiiskoi Imperii. Pbg., 1863–1885. 5 vols. 4to.Stuckenberg(J. Ch.), Versuch eines Quellen-Anzeigers ... fuer das Studium der Geographie ... des Russischen Reichs. Pbg., 1849–1852. 2 vols. 8vo.I am fully conscious of the shortcomings of this essay, and shall be glad to find it extended and corrected by later writers, to whom it may serve as a groundwork.Works of special interest are marked*.GEOGRAPHY, TRAVELS, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.*Brosset(M. F.), Description géographique de la Géorgie parle Tsarévitch Wakhoucht. Texte géorgien suivi d’une traduction française. Avec 6 cartes lith. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1842. 4 to.Wakhoucht wrote to the local authorities all over the country, asking each for information about his own district; the present standard work was the result of his inquiries.Ancient Geography.Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.Mediæval Geography.Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.Eighteenth Century.Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.Nineteenth Century.Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.ForArcheologyvide—Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.HISTORY.General.*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.Early History.Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)Modern History.Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.Georgian Grammars and Dictionaries—Comparative Philology.Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.Osset, Mingrelian, Abkhazian, Svanetian, and Lazian Languages.Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.Georgian Literature.—Translations and criticisms.*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

APPENDIX.BIBLIOGRAPHY.

The standard work on Transcaucasian bibliography isMiansarov(M.),Bibliographia Caucasica et Transcaucasica.S. Pbg., 1874–76, 8vo, 804 pp., 4840 refs. It is rather scarce, as the edition was limited to 600 copies. Only one volume has been published, although a second was promised. Most of the works mentioned are in Russian or Armenian, and as far as European publications are concerned, Miansarov is very incomplete. In the following pages I have referred to comparatively few Russian books.After Miansarov, the following, among many others, may with advantage be consulted:—Catalogue de la Section des Russica, published by Bibl. imp. publ. de St. Pbg., 1873. 2 vols. 8vo.Semenov(P.), Geografichsko-statistichskii slovar Rosiiskoi Imperii. Pbg., 1863–1885. 5 vols. 4to.Stuckenberg(J. Ch.), Versuch eines Quellen-Anzeigers ... fuer das Studium der Geographie ... des Russischen Reichs. Pbg., 1849–1852. 2 vols. 8vo.I am fully conscious of the shortcomings of this essay, and shall be glad to find it extended and corrected by later writers, to whom it may serve as a groundwork.Works of special interest are marked*.GEOGRAPHY, TRAVELS, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.*Brosset(M. F.), Description géographique de la Géorgie parle Tsarévitch Wakhoucht. Texte géorgien suivi d’une traduction française. Avec 6 cartes lith. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1842. 4 to.Wakhoucht wrote to the local authorities all over the country, asking each for information about his own district; the present standard work was the result of his inquiries.Ancient Geography.Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.Mediæval Geography.Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.Eighteenth Century.Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.Nineteenth Century.Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.ForArcheologyvide—Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.HISTORY.General.*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.Early History.Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)Modern History.Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.Georgian Grammars and Dictionaries—Comparative Philology.Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.Osset, Mingrelian, Abkhazian, Svanetian, and Lazian Languages.Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.Georgian Literature.—Translations and criticisms.*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

The standard work on Transcaucasian bibliography isMiansarov(M.),Bibliographia Caucasica et Transcaucasica.S. Pbg., 1874–76, 8vo, 804 pp., 4840 refs. It is rather scarce, as the edition was limited to 600 copies. Only one volume has been published, although a second was promised. Most of the works mentioned are in Russian or Armenian, and as far as European publications are concerned, Miansarov is very incomplete. In the following pages I have referred to comparatively few Russian books.

After Miansarov, the following, among many others, may with advantage be consulted:—

I am fully conscious of the shortcomings of this essay, and shall be glad to find it extended and corrected by later writers, to whom it may serve as a groundwork.

Works of special interest are marked*.

GEOGRAPHY, TRAVELS, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.*Brosset(M. F.), Description géographique de la Géorgie parle Tsarévitch Wakhoucht. Texte géorgien suivi d’une traduction française. Avec 6 cartes lith. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1842. 4 to.Wakhoucht wrote to the local authorities all over the country, asking each for information about his own district; the present standard work was the result of his inquiries.Ancient Geography.Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.Mediæval Geography.Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.Eighteenth Century.Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.Nineteenth Century.Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.ForArcheologyvide—Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.

GEOGRAPHY, TRAVELS, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.

*Brosset(M. F.), Description géographique de la Géorgie parle Tsarévitch Wakhoucht. Texte géorgien suivi d’une traduction française. Avec 6 cartes lith. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1842. 4 to.Wakhoucht wrote to the local authorities all over the country, asking each for information about his own district; the present standard work was the result of his inquiries.Ancient Geography.Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.Mediæval Geography.Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.Eighteenth Century.Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.Nineteenth Century.Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.ForArcheologyvide—Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.

*Brosset(M. F.), Description géographique de la Géorgie parle Tsarévitch Wakhoucht. Texte géorgien suivi d’une traduction française. Avec 6 cartes lith. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1842. 4 to.

Wakhoucht wrote to the local authorities all over the country, asking each for information about his own district; the present standard work was the result of his inquiries.

Ancient Geography.Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.

Ancient Geography.

Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.

Cf.Apollonius Rhodius,Strabo,Plinius,Arrianus,Ptolemæus,C. Rommel’sCaucasiarum Regionum et gentium straboniana descriptio. Lipsiæ, 1804. 8vo.

Luenemann(G. H.), Descriptio Caucasi. Lipsiæ, 1803. 4to.

Carli(Joh. Rinaldi), De expeditione Argonautorum in Colchidem. Venet., 1745. 2 vols. 4to.

Vivien de St. Martin(Louis), Mémoire historique sur la géographie ancienne du Caucase. Paris, 1848.

—— ——, Etude géographique sur le Caucase de Strabon. In Etudes de Géogr. Anc. Paris, 1852.

Preller(E.), Bedeutung des schwarzen Meeres fuer die Handel und Verkehr der alten Welt. Dorpat, 1842. 8vo.

Mediæval Geography.Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.

Mediæval Geography.

Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.

Stephanus Byzantinus,Massudi,Abulfeda.

Defrémery, Fragments de géographes et d’historiens arabes et persans inédits, relatifs aux anciens peuples du Caucase. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat., 1849–1851. Paris.

Rubruquis(1253) inNavigantium atque itinerantium bibliotheca, by John Harris, D.D., continued by J. Campbell. 2 vols. in fol. London, 1764. In this collection will be found other records of travel in Georgia.

Barbaro(Josafat), Viaggio alla Tana e nella Persia (1436). In Ramusio’s Raccolta di Viaggi. Venetia, 1583.

Contarini(Ambroise), Voyage de Perse (1473). In Bergeron’s Collection de Voyages. Paris, 1735.

Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.

Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.

Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.

Hakluyt(Richd.), The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation in ... the Empire of Russia, the Caspian Sea, Georgia ... London, 1589. Fol. Also 1600. 3 vols. Fol. New edition, London, 1809–1812. 4to.

Jenkinson(Anthony), Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by A. J. and other Englishmen (in reign of Queen Elizabeth). Hakluyt Soc. London, 1886. 2 vols. 8vo.

Zampi(Giuseppe Maria), Relatione della Cholchida. 1620.

Lamberti(Arcangelo), Relatione della Cholchida, hoggi detta Mengrellia, nella quale si tratta dell’ origine, costumi e cose naturali di quei paesi. 2nd edition. Napoli, 1654. 4to.

Olearius(Adam), The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia ... in 1633–1639. Translated from the Dutch by J. Davies. London, 1662. 2 vols. Fol.

Dapper(Olfert), Asia ... beneffens en volkome Beschryving van geheel Persie, Georgie, Mengrelie en andere Gebuur-gewesten. Amsterdam, 1672. Fol.

——,German edition. Nuernberg. Translated by Beern. 2 vols. Fol. 1681.

Novikov,Drevnaya rossiiskaya biblioteka.S. Pbg., 1788. 8vo. For Travels of Russian Ambassadors to Georgia in Seventeenth Century.

Moreri(Ludvig), Relations nouvelles du Levant, ou Traité de la religion, du gouvernement et des coutumes des Perses, des Arméniens et des Gaures. Lyon, 1671. 12mo.

Bruin(C. de) (Dutch painter),Voyages au Levant. Delft, 1700. Fol.

—— ——, Voyages dans la Moscovie et la Perse. Amsterdam, 1718. 2 vols. Fol. And Paris, 1725. 5 vols. 4to.

Struys(Jean), Voyages en Muscovie, en Tatarie, en Perse, etc.Amsterdam, 1720. 3 vols. 12mo.

Tavernier, Six voyages ... en Perse (1663–69). Rouen, 1724.

Chardin(Sir John), The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia. London, 1686. Fol. 2 vols.

Tournefort(Pitton de), Rélation d’un Voyage du Levant, contenant l’histoire ancienne et moderne de ... l’Arménie, de la Géorgie ...Paris and Lyon, 1717. 2 vols. 4to. Amsterdam, 1718. English edition, London, 1718. Dutch edition, Amsterdam, 1737.

Evliya(Effendi), Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Translated from the Turkish by J. von Hammer. London, 1846.

Eighteenth Century.Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.

Eighteenth Century.

Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.

Lerch(Joh. Jacob), Zweite Reise nach Persien. In Buesching’s Magazin. 1776.

Reineggs(Jacob),Beschreibung des Kaukasus. Gotha, 1796–97.8vo. And some other works. Sketches in Pallas’sNordische Beitraege, etc. A General, Historical, and Topographical Description of Mount Caucasus. Translated by Ch. Wilkinson. London, 1807. (Reineggs was a diplomatic agent of the Russian Court, and induced the Ossets to submit, besides preparing the way for the annexation of Georgia.)

Gueldenstaedt(Joh. Ant.),Geografichskoie i statistichskoie opisanié Gruzii(Geographical and Statistical Description of Georgia). S. Pbg., 1809. 8vo.

—— ——, Reisen nach Georgien und Imerethi, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin, 1815. 8vo.

—— ——, Beschreibung der Kaukasischen Laender, ausg. von J. von Klaproth. Berlin. 1834. 8vo.

Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna), Traité sur le Commerce de la Mer Noire. Paris, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.

Memoir of a Map of the Countries comprehended between the Black Sea and the Caspian; with an account of the Caucasian nations, and vocabularies of their languages. London, 1788. 4to.

Howell, Journal of the Passage from India through Armenia, &c.

Wilford(Francis), On Mount Caucasus. In Asiatic Researches. London, 1799.

Potocki(Jean), Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase (in 1797) publié par Klaproth. Paris, 1829. 8vo.

Voyages historiques et géographiques dans les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1798.

Biberstein(Maréchal de), Tableau des provinces situées sur la Côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Térek et Kour. S. Pbg., 1798. 4to.

Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur les pays situés entre la Mer Noire et la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1797. 4to.

Natolien, Georgien ... in historischer, geographischer ... politischer Hinsicht. Berlin and Leipzig, 1799. 8vo.

Nineteenth Century.Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.

Nineteenth Century.

Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.

Zass(de), Description du Caucase, avec le précis historique et statistique de la Géorgie. S. Pbg., 1804. 8vo.

Langen(Jacob),Opisanié Kavkaza s kratkim istorichskim i statistichskim opisaniem Gruzii(Description of the Caucasus, with a short historical and statistical description of Georgia). Translated from the French of J. L. S. Pbg., 1805.

Rommel(V. C.), Die Voelker des Kaukasus. Weimar, 1808.

Lagorio, Extrait du Journal d’un voyage en Mingrélie. In Annales des Voyages. Paris, 1809.

——, Bemerkungen ueber Mingrelien. In Minerva. 1811.

Clarke(E. D.), Voyages en Russie etc., trad. de l’anglais.Paris, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo. I have not seen the English original.

Morier(John), Journey through Persia. London, 1812. 4to. —— ——, Second Journey through Persia ... with an account of the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley. London, 1818. 4to.

Kinneir, Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, interspersed with an account of manners and customs. London, 1813. 4to.

——, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1818. 8vo.

Colchis oder Mingrelien. In Hormayr’s Archiv. 1813.

Drouville, Voyage en Perse. S. Pbg., 1820.2 vols. 8vo. With atlas.

Freygang(Wilhelm and Frederica),Lettres sur le Caucase et la Géorgie. Hambourg, 1816. 8vo.

Engelhardt(Moritz von) andParrot(Friedr.),Reise in die Krymm und den Kaukasus. Berlin, 1815.Parrotalso wroteReise nach Ararat. Berlin, 1830. Translated by W. D. Cooley, London, n.d. 8vo.

Kotzebue(Moritz von), Reise nach Persien im Jahre 1817.

Johnson(John), A Journey from India to England through Persia, Georgia.... London, 1818. 4to.

Ker-Porter(Sir Robt.), Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, &c., during the years 1817–1820. London, 1821. 2 vols. 4to.

Lumsden(Thos.), A Journey from Merut in India to London, through Arabia, Persia, Armenia, Georgia.... London, 1822. 8vo.

Gamba(Jacques Francois),Voyage dans la Russie méridionale, et particulièrement dans les provinces situées au-delà du Caucase, fait depuis 1820 jusqu’en 1824.With an atlas. 2 tom. Paris, 1826. 8vo.

Lyall(Robt.), Travels in Russia, the Crimea, and Georgia. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.

Asiatic Journal.London. Former and Present State of the Road over Mount Caucasus, 1825; Visit to the Caucasian Wall, 1833; The Caucasian Nations, 1837; and other articles.

Bronievskii,Puteshestvié na Kavkazié(Journey in the Caucasus). Moskva, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.

Henderson, Biblical Researches and Travels in Russia, including ... the Passage of the Caucasus. London, 1826. 8vo.

Halen(D. Juan van),Dos años en Rusia. Valencia, 1849. 8vo. AlsoMémoires. Paris and Bruxelles, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo.

——, Narrative of D. Juan van Halen’s Imprisonment ... his Campaign with the Army of the Caucasus. Translated from the Spanish. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Another edition in 1830.

Klaproth(Julius von), Voyage au Mont Caucase. Paris, 1827. 8vo.

——, Extraits d’une topographie de la Géorgie. Paris, n. d. 8vo. And several other works.

Seristori(Comte), Notes sur les provinces russes au-delà du Caucase. Odessa, 1829.

Vetter(J. C. W.), Meine Reise nach Grusien. Leipzig, 1829.

Rottiers, Itinéraire de Tiflis à Constantinople. Bruxelles, 1829.

Jaeger(B.), Reise von St. Petersburg in die Krim und die Laender des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.

Pushkin(A. S.),Puteshestvié v Erzerum(Journey to Erzerum). 1829.

Lermontov(M. Y.),Geroi nashevo vremeni(A Hero of our Times). 1839–40.

Kupfer, Voyage dans les environs du Mont Elbrous. S. Pbg. Acad. Scient., 1830.

Jaeger(B.), Versuch einer Darstellung des natuerlichen Reichthums ... der russischen Laender jenseit des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1830. 8vo.

Marigny(E. T. de), Portulan de la Mer Noire. Odessa, 1830.

Guibal(Paul), Industrie et économie des Abazes in Courrier de la Nouvelle Russie. 25 Dec., 1831. Odessa.

Armstrong(T. B.), Travels in Russia and Turkey.... Itinerary through ... Georgia. London, 1831. 8vo.

Budberg(Leonh., Freiherr von), Galerie der neuesten Reisen von Russen durch Russland. S. Pbg., 1832.

L. S.(Cte.) (? Seristori), Notes statistiques sur le littoral de la Mer Noire. Vienne, 1832. 8vo. 22 pp.

Nouv. Annales des Voyages.Paris. Many articles.

Nouv. Journal Asiatique.Paris. Description géographique du Ghouria. 1832.And many other articles.

Annalen der Erdkunde.Blick auf Georgien. 1832. Georgien und seine Umgebung. 1843.And other articles.

Eichwald(Carl Eduard von),Reise auf dem Caspischen Meere und in den Caucasus. Stuttgard, 1834–38. 2 Bde. 8vo.A scientific work.

Mignan, Journal of a Tour through Georgia.... Asiatic Society. Bombay, 1834.

Smith(Eli) andDwight(H.), Missionary Researches in Armenia, including a journey ... into Georgia. London, 1834. 8vo.

Conolly(Arthur), Journey to the North of India overland. London, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo.

Famin(César),Region caucasienne in Univers pittoresque.Paris, n. d. 8vo.Caucasien in Weltgemaeldegallerie. Stuttgard, 1835. 8vo.

Hammer(Joseph von), Schwarzes Meer. Wien, 1835.

Evetskii(Orest),Statistichskoé opisanié Kavkaza(Statistical Description of the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1835.

Obozrenie russkikh vladenii za Kavkazom(Description of the Russian Possessions beyond the Caucasus). S. Pbg., 1836. 4 vols. 8vo. An official publication.

Zubov,Kartina kavkazskavo kraya(Picture of the Caucasian Land). S. Pbg., 1834–35. 4 vols. 8vo.

——,Shest pisem o Gruzii i Kavkazié(Six Letters about Georgia and the Caucasus). Moskva, 1834. 8vo.

Besse, Voyage en Crimée, au Caucase, etc. Paris, 1838. 8vo.

Belanger(Ch.),Voyage aux Indes par ... la Géorgie.Paris, 1838. 8vo. With atlas.

Spencer(Edm.), Travels in the Western Caucasus. London, 1838. 2 vols. 8vo.

Fragmens de lettres écrites de Tiflis en Géorgie. In Bibl. univ. de Genève, 1838.

Wilbraham(Capt. Richard), Travels in the Transcaucasian Provinces. London, 1839. 8vo.

*Dubois de Montpéreux(Frédéric),Voyage autour du Caucase.Paris, 1839–1843. 6 tom. 8vo. A well-written work. I am indebted to Dubois for many bibliographical notes. The same author published an Atlas in five parts in folio, Neuchatel, 1843, to illustrate his book (part 1, Ancient Geography; part 2, Picturesque views; part 3, Architecture; part 4, Archeology; part 5, Geology).

Hamilton(Walter), Researches in Asia Minor, Armenia, &c. London, 1840. 2 vols. 8vo.

Southgate, Horatio. Narrative of a Tour through Armenia. New York, 1840. 12mo.

Samuel(J.), The Remnant found, or the Place of Israel’sHiding discovered ... the Result of Personal Investigation during a Missionary Tour in Georgia. London, 1841. 8vo.

Teule(Jul. C.), Pensées ... extraites du journal des mes voyages dans ... les provinces russes, géorgiennes et tartares du Caucase.... Paris, 1842. 2 vols. 8vo.

Hommaire de Hell, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne. Paris, 1845. 3 vols.

Cameron(Geo. Poulett), Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia. London, 1845. 2 vols. 8vo. Cf. United Service Journal. London, 1840–44.

Hagemeister,Zakavkazskie ocherki(Transcaucasian sketches). S. Pbg., 1845. 8vo. Novie (New) do. do. S. Pbg., 1848.

Joselian(Plato),Opisanié Shiomgvimskoi pustini v Gruzii(Description of the Desert of Shiomgvim in Georgia). Tiflis, 1845. 12mo.

—— ——,Puteviya zapiski po Kakhetii(Travel Notes from Kakheti). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.

Suzannet(Cte. de), Souvenirs de voyage. Les provinces du Caucase. Paris, 1846. 8vo.

Danilevskii(N.),Kavkaz i evo gorskie zhiteli(The Caucasus and its Mountaineers). Moskva, 1846. 8vo.

—— ——, Der Kaukasus. Physisch-geographisch, statistisch, ethnographisch und strategisch. Leipzig, 1847. 8vo.

Kolenati, Die Ersteigung des Kasbek. In Russ. Archiv. S. Pbg., 1848.

Wagner(Moritz),Reise nach Kolchis und nach den deutschen Kolonien jenseits des Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1850. 8vo. And Der Kaukasus und das Land der Kosaken. 2te. Ausg. Leipzig, 1850. 2 Bde. 8vo.Translated into English as Travels in Persia, Georgia, and Koordistan. London, 1856. 3 vols. 8vo.

*Stackelberg(Count Ernst von),Le Caucase pittoresque, dessiné d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine; avec une introduction et un texte explicatif par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1847–59.Fol.

*—— ——, Scènes, paysages, mœurs et costumes du Caucase, dessinés d’après nature par le Prince G. Gagarine, et accompagnés d’un texte par le Comte E. S. Paris, 1850, etc. Fol.

Bodenstedt(Fr.), Tausend und ein Tag im Orient. Berlin, 1850. 2 vols. 8vo.

Marmier(X.), Du Danube au Caucase. Paris, 1854. 8vo.

Haxthausen(August, Baron v.), Transcaucasia. Translated into English by J. E. Taylor. London, 1854. 8vo.

Golovine(Ivan), The Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.

Spencer(Edm.), Turkey, Russia, the Black Sea. London, 1854. 8vo.

Thuemmel(A. R.), Bunte Bilder aus dem Kaukasus. Nuernberg, 1854–55. 2 vols. 8vo.

Borozdin(K. A.),Zakavkazskiya vospominaniya. Mingrelia i Svanetia s 1854 do 1861 g. S. Pbg.

*Dumas(Alexandre),Le Caucase.Paris, 1859. 4to. A charming book.

Gille(F.), Lettres sur le Caucase.... Paris, 1859. 8vo. Cf.—

Bocage(V. A. B. du), Rapport fait à la Société de Géographie. Paris, 1860. 8vo.

Chodzko(General), Die neuesten Hoehenmessungen im Kaukasus. In Petermann’s Mittheilungen. Gotha, 1859.

—— ——, Die russischen Aufnahmen im Kaukasus. Ibid., 1862.

Moynet, Voyage à la Mer Caspienne et à la Mer Noire. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1860. 1er. sém. Paris.

Blanchard, Voyage de Tiflis à Stavropol. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde,” 1861. 2er. sém. Paris.

Lapinskii(T.), Die Bergvoelker des Kaukasus. Hamburg, 1863. 2 vols. 8vo.

Bianchi(A. de), “Viaggi in Armenia ... e Lazistan. Milano, 1863. 8vo.

Ruepprecht, Barometrische Hoehenbestimmungen im Caucasus, 1860–61. In Mém. de l’Acad. de Sc. S. Pbg., 1864.

Bergé(Adolphe), Voyage en Mingrélie. Paris, 1864. 8vo.

Ussher(John), A Journey from London to Persepolis; including Wanderings in ... Georgia. London, 1865. 8vo.

Stebnitzky, Uebersicht der Kaukasischen Statthalterschaft. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1865.

Petzholdt, Der Kaukasus. Leipzig, 1866. 2 vols. 8vo.

*Radde(Dr. Gustav, Curator of Caucasian Museum, and corresponding member of R.G.S., London),Bericht ueber die biologisch-geographischen Untersuchungen in den Kaukasus-Laendern.Tiflis, 1866. 4to.

—— ——, Reisen und Forschungen im Kaukasus im 1865. In Petermann’s Mittheil. Gotha, 1867. 4to.

—— ——, Vier Vortraege ueber dem Kaukasus. Ibid., 1874.

—— ——, Die drei Langenhochthaeler Imeritiens. Tiflis.

—— ——, Das kaukasische Museum in Tiflis. In Jahresbericht des Vereins fuer Erdkunde. Dresden, 1878.

—— ——, Die Chews’uren und ihr Land. Cassel, 1878. 8vo.

Abich(Hermann), Geologische Beobachtungen auf Reisen in den Gebirgslaendern zwischen Kur und Araxes. Tiflis, 1867. 4to.And other geological works.

Becker(A.), Reise nach dem Kaukasus. Moskau, 1868. 8vo.

Schlotheim, Vier Monate in Grusien. Hermansburg, 1869. 8vo.

Favre, Notes sur quelques glaciers de la chaîne du Caucase. In Bibl. universelle de Génève, 15 Janv., 1869.

Vereschaguine(Basile), Voyage dans les Provinces du Caucase. In Charton’s “Tour du Monde.” Paris, 1869. 4to.

*Freshfield(Douglas W.), Travels in the Central Caucasus and Bashan. London, 1869. 8vo. Contains an account of the famous ascent of Mkhinvari (Mt. Kazbek). Cf. Mr. Freshfield’s Lecture before the Royal Geographical Society, London, March 12, 1888.

Cunynghame(A.), Travels in the Eastern Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.

Mounsey(Aug. H.), A Journey through the Caucasus. London, 1872. 8vo.

Lyons(F. A.), Adventures in Lazistan. In Bates’s Illustrated Travels. London, 1872.

Dilke(Ashton), An Article on Transcaucasia in the Fortnightly Review. London, 1874.

Grove(F. C.), The Frosty Caucasus. London, 1876. 8vo. (Account of ascent of Elbruz in 1874.)

Bunbury(E. H.), Art. Caucasus in Encyc. Brit. Vol. v. 1876.

Thielmann(Baron Max von), Journey in the Caucasus. Translated by Dr. C. Hemeage. London, 1875. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo.

Ernouf, Le Caucase, le Perse et la Turquie d’Asie. D’après la relation de M. le Baron de Thielmann. Paris, 1876. 8vo.

Schneider, Vorlaeufiger Bericht ueber im Laufe des Sommers 1875 in Transkaukasien ausgefuehrte Reisen. In “Isis.” 1876.

Fuchs(P.), Ethnologische Beschreibung der Osseten. In “Ausland.” 1876.

Bernoville(Raphael), La Souanétie libre. Illustr. Paris, 1875.4to. Also Notes d’un voyage au Caucase. In Revue catholique de Bordeaux, Oct. 1883.

Telfer(J. B., Commander R.N.), The Crimea and Transcaucasia. London, 1876. 2 vols. 8vo.

*Bryce(Prof. James), Transcaucasia and Ararat. London, 1877. 8vo.

Bakradse(D.), Das tuerkische Grusien. aus d. Russischen uebers. v. N. v. Seidlitz. In Russ. Revue. 1877.

Call(G. v.), Eisenbahnen im Kaukasus. In Oesterr. Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1877.

Kohn(A.), Kaukasien und seine Bewohner. In “Grenzboten.” 1877.

Reisen im Kaukasus Gebiet. In “Ausland.” 1877.

Travels in the Caucasus. In Edinburgh Review. January, 1877.

Cole(G. R. F.), Transcaucasia. In Fraser’s Magazine. December, 1877.

Schweizer-Lerchenfeld(A. v.), Lazistan und die Lazen. In Monatsschrift fuer d. Orient. Wien, 1878.

Karsten(K.), Natur- und Kulturbilder aus Transkaukasien. In “Aus allen Welttheilen.” 1878.

Smirnow(M.), Aperçu sur l’ethnographie du Caucase. In Revue d’Anthropologie. Paris, 1878.

Kaukasische Skizzen. In Russ. Revue. S. Pbg., 1879.

Art. Georgia in Encyc. Brit. Vol. x. 1879. Only remarkable for its typographical errors.

Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Nouveau dictionnaire de Géographie universelle. Paris, 1879.4to. Art.CaucaseandGéorgie. Also hisNouv. Annales des Voyages.

Serena(Mme. Carla), Articles in Charton’s“Tour du Monde.” Paris. 4to. Iméréthi, 1880. Mingrélie, 1881. Kakhétie, 1882. Samourzakan, Abkasie, 1882.

Seidlitz(N. v.),Die Voelker des Kaukasus. In RussischeRevue. 1881.Vide alsoPetermann’s Mittheilungenand Russ. Revue passim.

Reclus(Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Paris, T. vi., 1881. 4to.

Morrison(M. A.), Caucasian Nationalities. In Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. London, 1881.

Wolley(Clive Phillips, formerly British Vice-Consul at Kertch). Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus. London, 1881. 8vo.

—— ——, Savage Svanêtia. 2 vols. London, 1883. 8vo.

Koch(C.), Wanderungen im Oriente. Weimar, 1846–47. 3 vols. 8vo.

—— ——, Die Kaukasische Militaerstrasse. Leipzig, 1851. 8vo.

—— ——, Nachklaenge orientalischer Wanderungen. Erfurt, 1881. 8vo.

Koechlin-Schwartz(A.), Un touriste au Caucase. Paris, 1881. 12mo.

Bayern(Fr.), Contribution à l’archéologie du Caucase. Lyon, 1883.

Wanderer(an English officer), Notes on the Caucasus. London, 1883. 8vo.

Sobolsky(W.), Spuren primitiver Familienordnungen bei den Kaukasischen Bergvoelkern. In Russ. Revue. 1883.

Vladikin, Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus). Moskva, 1885. 2 vols. 8vo.

Chantre(Ernest), Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris and Lyon, 1886. 2 vols. 4to.

Erckert(R. von), Der Kaukasus und seine Voelker. Leipzig, 1887. 8vo. Ethnography.

Kovalevskii, Customs of the Ossetes. In Journ. R. Asiat. Soc., July, 1888. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, M.R.A.S.

Kavkaz,Spravochnaya kniga.Tiflis, 1888. 12mo.

Weidenbaum(E.),Putevoditel po Kavkazu(Guide to the Caucasus).Tiflis, 1888. An official publication. A good guide on the principle of those of Murray is much wanted, butMurray’s Guide to Russia, 4th edition, 1888, gives very little information about the Caucasus.

*Sbornik Svdenii o Kavkazié, Tiflis, 9 vols., 4to, beginning 1871, contains a mass of interesting and useful information. Vol. I. 1871. Monograph on theOssets, byPfaff. Collection of Georgian, Armenian, and Tatarproverbs, &c.—Vol. II. 1872. Statistical and economic condition of theOssets, byPfaff.Serfdomin Georgia at the beginning of the present century byKalantarov.Railway routes to India.—Vol. III. 1874. Exhaustive Treatise onViniculturein the Caucasus.—Vol. IV. and V. 1878–79. Statistics.—Vol. VI. 1880.Tiflisaccording to the census of March 25, 1876. Also contains a brief historical account of the city.—Vol. VII. 1880. And Vols. VIII. and IX. 1885. Statistics.

*Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya myestnostei i plemen Kavkaza.The sixth volume was published in Tiflis this year.

ForArcheologyvide—Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.

ForArcheologyvide—

Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.

Aktiof theKavkazskaya Arkhéografichskaya Kommissiyaof Tiflis, from 1866. In fol. Also theZapiskiandIzvestiyaof theObshchestvo Lyubiteléi Kavkazskoi Arkhéologiiof Tiflis. Former, from 1875, in fol.; latter, from 1877, in 8vo.

TheBest Mapis that of the General Staff. Five versts to the inch.

HISTORY.General.*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.Early History.Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)Modern History.Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.

HISTORY.General.*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.Early History.Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)Modern History.Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.

General.*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.

General.

*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.

*Brosset(M. F.),Histoire de la Géorgie(two volumes of Georgian text, and six volumes of French translation and notes). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1849–58. 4to. M. Brosset has written a great many books and articles on Georgian history, published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in S. Pbg.; some of them may still be purchased.Cf.Bibliographie analytique des ouvrages de M. Marie-Félicité Brosset ... par M. Laurent Brosset. S. Pbg., 1887.

Joselian(Plato),Istoriya gruzinskoi tserkvi.S. Pbg., 1843. Translated into English under the title of “A Short History of the Georgian Church,” translated from the Russian by the Rev. S. C. Malan. London, 1866. 8vo.

—— ——,Razlichniya naimenovaniya Gruzin(On the various Appellations of the Georgians). Tiflis, 1846. 12mo.

—— ——,Istorichskii vzglad na sostoyanie drevnei Gruzii(Historical glance at the condition of ancient Georgia). InZhurnal Ministerstva narodn. Prosv. S. Pbg., 1843. Cf. also his periodicalZakavkazskii Vestnikfrom 1845. Tiflis.

Baratov(Prince Sulkhan),Istoriya Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1865, &c. 8vo.

David(Tsarevich of Georgia),Kratkaya istoriya o Gruzii.S. Pbg., 1805. 12mo.

Barataiev,Numizmatichskie fakti Gruzinskavo tsarstva(Georgian numismatics). S. Pbg., 1844. 8vo.

Villeneuve(de),La Géorgie.Paris, 1870. 8vo.

Breitenbauch(Georg Aug. von), Geschichte der Staaten von Georgien. Memmingen, 1788. Thin 8vo.

Reineggs(Jacob), Kurzer Auszug der Geschichte von Georgien. Published in P. S. Pallas’s Neue Nordische Beitraege, III. Bd., S. Pbg., 1781. 8vo.

*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov, Metropolitan of Kiev),Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt.Riga, 1804. 8vo. A capital little book.

Malcolm(Sir John), History of Persia. 2nd edition. London, 1829. 8vo.

Fraser, An Historical and Descriptive Account of Persia. Edinburgh, 1834. 12mo.

Kazem-Beg, Derbend Nâmeh, or the History of Derbend. Translated from the Turkish (into English). S. Pbg., 1851. 4to.

Early History.Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)

Early History.

Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)

Ditmar(T. J.), Von den kaukasischen Voelkern der mythischen Zeit. Berlin, 1789. 8vo.

Ritter(Carl),Die Vorhalle Europaeischer Voelkergeschichten vor Herodotus, um den Kaukasus und an den Gestaden des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Alterthumskunde.Berlin, 1820. 8vo. The copy in the British Museum is lettered “Ritter’s Wahnsinn,” and we must own that we think the book more interesting than instructive.

Neumann(Carl), Die Hellenen im Skythenlande. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.

Shea(D.), Mīr Khwānd. History of the Early Kings of Persia from Kaiomars to ... Alexander the Great. London. Oriental Translation Fund. 1832. 8vo.

Procopius,De bello persico ... De bello gothico.Continued down to 560A.D.byAgathias.

Constantinus Porphyrius(X. cent,A.D.), De administrando imperio.

Boyer,De muro caucasico.In vol. i. of Comment. de l’Acad. de Sciences. S. Pbg.

Polybius,De bello persico.Lib. i., cap. xii. et passim.

Ruffinus,Historia ecclesiastica. Lib. i., cap. x.Conversion of Georgia.

Saint-Martin(Jean Antoine),Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l’Arménie.2 tom. Paris, 1818 and 1819. 8vo.

Ashik(Anton),Bosforskoye Tsarstvo s yevo paleografichskimi i nadgrobnimi pamyatnikami, raspisnimi vasami, planami, kartami i vidami(The Kingdom of the Bosphorus, with its paleographic and monumental remains, inscribed vases,plans, maps, and views). Odessa, 1848–49. Three parts. 4to.

Neumann(C. F.), Elisha Vartabed. The History of Vartan, and of the battles of the Armenians. 1830. 8vo. And Vahram’s Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. 1831. 8vo. Published by Oriental Translation Fund. London.

D’Ohsson(Chév.), Des peuples du Caucase au Xe. siècle. Paris, 1828.

Lebeau(Charles), Histoire du Bas Empire. Corrigée et augm. par M. de Saint-Martin et continuée par M. Brosset jeune. 20 tom. Paris, 1824–36. 8vo.

Vivien de Saint-Martin(Louis), Recherches sur les populations primitives et les plus anciennes traditions du Caucase. Paris, 1847. 8vo.

Stritter(J. G.),Memoriæ populorum olim ad Danubium, Pontum Euxinum, Paludem Mæotidem, Caucasum, Mare Caspium, et inde magis ad Septentriones, incolentium, e scriptoribus Historiæ Byzantinæ erutæ et digestæ. Petropoli, 1771–79.4 vols. 4to. (Vol. iv. refers to Georgian History.)

Modern History.Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.

Modern History.

Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.

Klaproth(J. von), Aperçu des entreprises des Mongols en Géorgie ... dans le XIII. siècle. Paris, 1833. 8vo.

Comte L. S.(? Seristori),Memoria sulle colonie del Mar Nero nei secoli di mezzo.26 pp. 8vo. (n. d.) An account of the Genoese trading colonies.

Dorn(B.),Beitraege zur Geschichte der Kaukasischen Laender und Voelker, aus morgenlaendischen Quellen. Esp. III. Bd. (Geschichte der Georgier),which contains a work by a Mahometan writer named Iskender Munshi, and a History of the Szafid Dynasty; it deals with the period 1540–1663. Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1844. 4to.

*Perepiska na inostrannikh yazikakh gruzinskikh tsarei s rosiiskimi gosudaryami ot 1639 g. do 1770 g.(Correspondencein foreign languages between the Kings of Georgia and the Sovereigns of Russia from 1639 to 1770.) Acad. Scient. S. Pbg., 1861. 4to.

Hanway(Jonas), The Revolutions of Persia during the present century (being the second volume of the Historical Account of the British trade over the Caspian). 2nd edition. London, 1754. 4to.

Der allerneueste Staat von Casan ... Georgien und vieler andern dem Czaren, Sultan und Schach ... unterthanen Tartarn Landschaften ... Nuernberg, 1724. 8vo.

Van der Quelle(Philander—pseudonym), Leben und Thaten des persischen Monarchen Schach Nadyr. Leipzig, 1738. 8vo.

Peyssonnel(French Consul in Smyrna),Histoire des Troubles dans la Géorgie.(? Paris, 1754.) 8vo. Translated into German, also into English as a continuation of Hanway’s History. London, 1756. 4to.

Ouosk' Herdjan(Jean), Mémoire pour servir à l’histoire des événemens qui ont eu lieu en Arménie et en Géorgie à la fin du XVIIIe. siècle et au commencement du XIXe. Trad. de l’arménien par J. Klaproth. Paris, 1818. 8vo.

Cirbied(J.), Histoire arménienne; details sur les changements politiques en Géorgie et en Arménie dans les premières années du XIXe. siècle. (? Paris, 1818.) 8vo.

Rottiers(Col.), Notice biographique sur Marie, dernière reine de Géorgie. Journal Asiatique. Tom. 10. Paris, 1827.

*Zubov,Podvigi russkikh voisk v stranakh kavkazskikh v 1810–34(The Exploits of the Russian Army in the Caucasian Countries from 1810 to 1834). S. Pbg., 1835–36. Ten vols. 8vo. With portraits and plans.

——,Kartina voini s Persieiu(A Picture of the War with Persia). S. Pbg., 1834. 8vo.

Fonton(Félix de), La Russie dans l’Asie Mineure. Histoire de la campagne du Maréchal Paskewitch. Paris, 1831.8vo. With atlas.

Urquhart(David), Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East. London, 1836. 8vo. And second edition “continued to the present time.” London, 1854. 8vo.

Hommaire de Hell, Situation des Russes dans le Caucase. Paris, 1844. 8vo.

Holland(Thomas Erskine), Lecture on the Treaty Relations of Russia and Turkey from 1774–1853. London and Oxford, 1877. 8vo.

Haxthausen(August, Baron von), The Tribes of the Caucasus, with an account of Shamyl. Translated by J. E. Taylor. London, 1855. 12mo.

Moser(L.), Der Kaukasus, seine Voelkerschaften ... nebst einer Charakteristik Schamils. Wien, 1854. 8vo.

Our Dangerous Neighbour over the Way, and Two Questions upon the Caucasus. London, 1854. 8vo.

*Bodenstedt(Friedrich Martin), Die Voelker des Kaukasus und ihre Freiheitskaempfe gegen die Russen. 2 Bde. 2te. Ausg. Berlin, 1855. 8vo.

Wagner(Dr. Friedr.), Schamyl als Feldherr, Sultan und Prophet. Leipzig, 1854. 8vo.English translation by L. Wraxall. London, 1856. 8vo.

Douhaire(P.), Les Russes au Caucase. Prise de Schamyl. Paris, 1859. 8vo.

*Dubrovin,Istoriya voini i vladichestva russkikh na Kavkazié(History of the War and Supremacy of the Russians in the Caucasus). 3 vols. S. Pbg., 1871. The first volume is introductory, and contains an excellent ethnographical account of the country.

Baumgarten(G.), Sechzig Jahre des kaukasischen Krieges. Nach russischen Originalen.... Leipzig, 1861. 8vo.

Dulaurier, La Russie dans le Caucase. In Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865–66.

Boys(A. du), Le Caucase depuis Shamyl. In Le Contemporain. Paris, 25 Août, 1876.

The followingPeriodical Publicationsshould also be consulted:—

The official newspaperKavkaz. 1844–88. Tiflis.

Kavkazskii Sbornik.1876–86. 10 vols. 8vo. Tiflis. A series of articles chiefly referring to Russian military exploits in the Caucasus during the present century.

ForGeorgian Jurisprudence, cf.—

Sbornik zakonov gruzinskavo tsarya Vakhtanga VI.(Collection of the laws of the Georgian King Vakhtanga VI.), izd. A. S.Frenkelya, pod redak.D. Z. Bakradze.Tiflis, 1887.Bagaturov(S. J.),Lichniya i pozemelniya prava v drevnei Gruzii(Personal and Agrarian Laws in Ancient Georgia). Tiflis, 1886.Dareste, An Art. in Journ. des Savants. Paris, 1887.Kovalevskii, Arts. in Vestnik Yevropi.

LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.Georgian Grammars and Dictionaries—Comparative Philology.Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.Osset, Mingrelian, Abkhazian, Svanetian, and Lazian Languages.Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.Georgian Literature.—Translations and criticisms.*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.Georgian Grammars and Dictionaries—Comparative Philology.Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.Osset, Mingrelian, Abkhazian, Svanetian, and Lazian Languages.Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.Georgian Literature.—Translations and criticisms.*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

Georgian Grammars and Dictionaries—Comparative Philology.Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.

Georgian Grammars and Dictionaries—Comparative Philology.

Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.

Alphabetum Ibericum sive Georgianum. Romæ, 1629. 8vo.

Paolini(Stefano), Dittionario Giorgiano e Italiano, composto da S. P. con l’aiuto del M. R. P. D. Niceforo Irbachi Giorgiano. Roma (Propag.), 1629. 4to.

Maggi(Francesco Maria), Syntagmatωn linguarum Orientalium quæ in Georgiæ regionibus audiuntur. Romæ, 1643. Fol. And 1670. Fol.

Hyde(Thomas, D.D.),Historia religionis veterum Persarum .... Oxonii, 1700. 4to. And 1760. 4to. Contains Georgian alphabet.

Tlulcaanti(David), Dottrina Cristiana per uso delle missioni della Giorgia, tradotta dalla lingua italiana in lingua civile giorgiana. Roma, 1741. 8vo. And 1800. 8vo.

Vocabularium Catherinæ. Nos. 108, 109, 110, &c. S. Pbg.

Varlaamov, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1802.

Hervas, Vocabolario poliglota, p. 164, &c. Madrid.

Witsen, Nord en Oost Tartarye II., 506, 526.

Firalov,Samouchitel, soderzhashchii v sebé Grammatiku, Razgovori, Nravoucheniya i Lexikon, na Rossiiskom i Gruzinskom yazikakh(Grammar, Dialogues, Moral Precepts, and Dictionary in Russian and Georgian). S. Pbg., 1820. 8vo.

Vater(J. S.), Vergleichungstafeln der Europaeischen Stamm-Sprachen ... Grusinische Grammatik, nach Maggio, Ghai und Firalow ... Halle, 1822. 8vo.

Klaproth(H. J. v.), Kaukasische Sprachen. Halle and Berlin, 1814. 8vo.

—— ——, Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue géorgienne. Paris (Soc. Asiat.), 1827. 8vo.

—— ——,Sur la langue Géorgienne. In Journal Asiat. Paris, 1827.

Brosset(M. F.), L’Art libéral ou grammaire géorgienne. Paris, 1830. 8vo.

—— ——, Éléments de la langue géorgienne. Paris, 1837. 8vo.

Soulkhanoff(A.), Vocabulaire méthodique géorgien-français-russe. S. Pbg., 1839. 8vo.

*Chubinov(David),Gruzinsko-russo-frantsuzkii slovar.Dictionnaire géorgien-français-russe avec un abrégé de la grammaire géorgienne par M. Brosset. S. Pbg., 1840. 4to.

—— ——, Kratkaya gruzinskaya grammatika. S. Pbg., 1855. 8vo.

—— ——, Russko-gruzinskii slovar. Vnov sostavlenii po noveishim russkim slovaryam. S. Pbg., 1886. 8vo.

Bopp, Kaukasische Glieder des Indo-Europaeischen Sprachstamms. Berlin, 1847.

Mueller(F. C. J.), Zur Conjugation des georgischens Verbums. Wien, 1869. 8vo.

Schiefner(Prof.), Report on the languages of the Caucasus. In Transactions of Philological Society. London, 1877.

Gatteyrias(J. A.), Etudes linguistiques sur les langues de la famille géorgienne. In Revue de linguistique. Paris, Juillet, 1881.

Tsagareli(Prof.), Georgische Inschrift aus Jerusalem. In Zeitschrift des Palestina-Vereins. 1881.

*—— ——, Examen de la littérature relative à la grammaire géorgienne. S. Pbg., 1873.

Peacock(D. R.), Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian). Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–156.

Osset, Mingrelian, Abkhazian, Svanetian, and Lazian Languages.Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.

Osset, Mingrelian, Abkhazian, Svanetian, and Lazian Languages.

Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.

Sjögren(A. J.),Ossetische Sprachlehre(also published in Russian). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1844. 4to.

—— ——, Ossetische Studien. S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1848. 4to.

Schiefner(A.),Ossetinskie texti(Osset texts). S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1868. 8vo.

—— ——,Versuch ueber die Thusch-Sprache.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1856. 4to. And other works.

Mueller(F. C. J.), Ueber die Stellung des Ossetischen. Wien, 1861. 8vo.

—— ——, Beitraege zur Lautlehre des Ossetischen. Wien, 1863. 8vo.

Miller(Vsyevolod, Professor at Moscow),Ossetinskie etyudi.

Bartolomaei(Lieut.-Gen.), Lushnu Anban.Svanetskaya Azbuka(Svanetian Primer with Georgian and Russiantranslation. Includes a large vocabulary, Lord’s Prayer, colloquial phrases, &c.). Tiflis, 1864. 4to. 147 pp.

Klaproth(J. de), Détails sur le dialecte géorgien usité en Mingrélie. In Journ. Asiat. Paris, 1829.

Rosen, Sprache der Lazen. Berlin, 1840.

——, Abhandlungen ueber das Mingrelische. Berlin, 1840.

——, Ueber das Suanische und Abchasische. Berlin, 1845.

Georgian Literature.—Translations and criticisms.*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

Georgian Literature.—Translations and criticisms.

*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

*Brosset, Articles, Lectures, &c., published by Acad. Scient. S. Pbg. in their periodical and other publications.

*Leist(Arthur), Georgische Dichter. Leipzig, 1887. 12mo.A collection of modern lyrics translated into German verse.

—— ——, Georgian, Natur, Sitten u. Bewohner. Leipzig, 1885.(Last chapter contains a short history of Georgian literature, which I freely used in writing the present work.)

*Evgeny(Bolkovitinov), Georgien, oder historisches Gemaelde von Grusien, aus dem Russischen uebers. von F. Schmidt. Riga, 1804. 8vo.

Alter(Franz C.), Ueber georgianische Litteratur. Wien, 1798. 8vo.

*Gulak(N. I.),O barsovoi kozhé Rustaveli.(Two lectures in Russian on Rustaveli’s “Man in the Panther’s Skin.”) Tiflis, 1884. 8vo.

État actuel de la littérature Géorgienne. In Nouv. Journ. Asiat. Vol. I., p. 434.

Gabriel(Bishop of Imereti), Sermons, &c. Translated from the Georgian by S. C. Malan, Vicar of Broadwindsor. London, 1867. 8vo.

Orbeliani(Prince Sulkhan),Kniga mudrosti i lzhi.(A Russian translation of a collection of Georgian fables and folk tales of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.)Perevod iobyasneniya A. Tsagareli.S. Pbg. (Acad. Scient.), 1878. 8vo.

Bebur B...Gruzinskiya narodniya skazki.S. Pbg., 1884. 8vo. (A collection of folk tales, &c., chiefly from Guri.)

Mueller(W.), Prometheische Sagen im Kaukasus. In Russische Revue. 1883.

Bleçki(R. v.), Das Schloss der Tamara. Eine kaukasische Sage. S. Pbg., 1852. 8vo.

Tsagareli(Prof.),Svedeniya o pamyatnikakh gruzinskoi pismennosti(Information concerning the monuments of Georgian literature). S. Pbg., 1887. 8vo.

Morfill(W. R.), An Article on Georgian Literature in “The Academy,” July 21, 1888.

Mr. Morfill has catalogued the Georgian Library presented to the Indian Institute at Oxford by the Rev. S. C. Malan, with whom he shares the honour of being the only Georgian scholar in England, and he will shortly publish a History of Russia, a chapter of which will be devoted to Georgia.

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