The breche adoun he threst,Heritt, and gan to right.Sir Tristr.p. 33.[Cf. Sw.rista, Dan.riste, to slash, cut; G.ritzen. Perhaps connected also with Du.rijten, G.reissen, to tear.]Robben,v.S. to rob, 1958.Rode,n.S. the rood, cross, 103, 431, 1357, &c. V. Todd’s Gl. Illustr. Chauc.Rof,n.S. roof, 2082.Rome,v.S. to roam, travel about, 64.Rore,v.S. to roar, 2496, &c.Rorede,pa. t.roared, 2438.Roser,n.Fr. rose-bush, 2919. Chauc., Pers. Tale,De luxuria.Rothe.SeeRathe.Rowte,v.S. [hrutan] to roar, 1911. R. Cœur de L. 4304. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam. in v. Cf. Icel.hrjota, Sw.ryte. The word is still retained in the provinces. V. Brockett and Wilbr.Runci,n.B. Lat. a horse of burden, 2569. V. Du Cange and Spelm. The word is common both in Fr. and Engl. writers. Cf. Span.Rozin-ante.Rungen.SeeRingen.Rym.SeeRim.SSalforShall, 628.SameforShame, 1941. V. Jam.Samen,adv.S. together, 467, 979, 1717, &c. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br. So also in Sc. V. Jam.Samened,part. pa.S. assembled, united, 2890. Web., R. Br. p. 2.Sare,adv.S. sore, sorrowfully, 401.Sat,pa. t.S. opposed, 2567.SeeAtsitte. In Sc. isSit,Sist, to stop, from Lat.sistere. V. Jam.Sautres,n. pl.Fr. Lat. Psalters, Hymns for the Office of the Dead, 244.Sawe,written forsa we, i.e. say we, 338.Sawe, Sawen, Say.SeeSe.Sayse,v.B. Lat. to seise, give seisin or livery of land, 251, 2518.Seysed,pa. t.seised, 2931,part. pa.2513. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 309.Scabbed, Skabbed,adj.S. Lat. scabby, scurvy, 2449, 2505.Scaþe,n.S. harm, injury, 1352.Scaþes,pl.269. R. Br., V. Gl.Skaith, Sc. V. Jam.Sche, Scho, Sho,pron.S. she, 112, 126, 649, 1721, &c.SchifteforShrift, absolution, 1829.Schoten, Shoten,pa. t. pl.S. shot, cast, 1838, 1864.Scuten, 2431.[Shoten, in l. 1838, meansrushed,darted,flew.]Schulle,n.a plaice, 759. Sw.skolla, a plaice.SeeColeridge’s Glossarial Index.Se (theS.art.) the, but perhaps a mistake of the scribe, l. 534, as it is not elsewhere used.Se,n.S. sea, 535, &c.;gen.seis, 321.Se, Sen,v.S. to see, 1021, 1273, &c.Sest,pr. t. 2 p.seest, 534.Sen,pr. t. pl.see, 168, 1217.Sawe,Sowe,pa. t.saw, 1182, 1323.Say, 881.Sawen,Sowen,pa. t. pl.957, 1055, 2255.Sene,part. pa.656.Seckes,n. pl.S. sacks, 2019.Segges,n. pl.Fr. [seches] 896. In Cotgr. theSecheis explained the Sound, or Cuttle fish. TheSeches de Coutancewere held in the highest estimation. V. Le Grand.Seealso Jam. v.Sye.Sei,v.SeeSeyen.Seis.SeeSe.Seken,v.S. to seek, 1629. The reading is confirmed by an old poem in MS. Digb. 86.Sire, we benknizttesfer i-fare,For tosechenwide-ware.La vie seint Eustace, qui out noun Placidas.Selcouth,n.S. wonder, strange thing, 124, 1059.Selcuth, 2119. It was in all probability originallyanadj.asSelkuth. Strange, wonderful, 1284.Sele,n.S. seal, 755.Seli,adj.S. simple, harmless, 477, 499. R. Gl., Chauc.Selthe,n.S. success, 1338. A.S.sélð. [Cf.selehðeinLaȝam.l. 25136, and seeselehðein Stratmann’s Dictionary of Old English. The line seems to be a proverb, and the meaning is— “Rest and success are companions.” Goldborough tells him to avoid delay, since rest may accompany success, but cannot precede it.]Sembling,n.Fr. assembling, 1018. It may also be compared with the Su.-G.samlung, conventus.Semes,pr. t.in the phrase,hire semes= it beseems her, it becomes her, 2916.Semede,pa. t.was suitable, was fit, 976. SeeSeemin Wedgwood.Sen, Sene.SeeSe.Sendes,pr. t.sendeth, sends, 2392.Sende,pa. t.sent, 136, &c.Serf-borw,n.S. surety, pledge, 1667. In MS. Soc. Antiq. No. 60, known by the name ofThe Black Book of Peterborough, is an instrument in which many names both of Saxon and Danish origin appear as theBorhhanda, or Sureties, otherwise calledFestermen. See Jam. and the Glossaries, for further examples.Serganz,n. pl.Fr. attendants, officers, 2088, 2091, 2116.Sergaunz, 1929, 2361, 2371.Seriaunz, 2066. V. Spelm. in v.Servientes, and Hickes, Thes. T. i. p. 148.Serges.SeeCerges.Serk,n.S. shirt, 603. Emare, 501. R. Br.Seruen,v.S. to serve, 1230.Seruede,pa. t.S. deserved, 1914. Web. M. R. So in Sc. V. Jam.Sest.SeeSe.Sette,v.S. to set, descend, 2671.Sette,pa. t.S. set, placed, 2405; appointed, 2571.Setten,pa. t. pl.set, 1211.Sette,part. pa.set, placed, 2612.Seyen,v.S. to say, 2886.Seyst,pr. t. 2 p.sayest, 2008.Seyde,pa. t. 3 p.said, 117, &c.Seyden,pa. t. pl.said, 376, 1213.Seyden, have said, 456.Sey,part. pa.said, 2993.Seysed.SeeSayse.Seyst.SeeSeyen.Seyt,pr. t. s.put forsey it, i.e. say it; or else put forseyth, i.e. say, 647. So in Sir Tr. p. 117,For mani menseytay whare.Shaltou, shalt thou, 1800.Shaltow, 1322.Shaltu, 2180, 2186, 2882, 2901.Shamelike,adv.S. shamefully, disgracefully, 2825.Schamliche, Sir Tr. p. 93.Shankes,n. pl.S. legs, 1903.Sconke, Laȝam. l. 15215.SeeRits. A. S. p. 16, and Diss. p. xxxi.Schankis, Sc. V. Jam.Shar,pa. t.S. share, cut, 1413. So in Am. and Amil. 2298, Her throtes heschar atvo.Shauwe, Shawe,v.S. to shew, 2206, 2784.Sheu, 1401.Shel, Sheld,n.S. shield, 489, 624, 1653, &c.Shende,v.S. to ruin, destroy, 1422. Bevis of H. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 99. Chauc.Shent,pa. t.shamed, disgraced, 2749;part. pa.shend, 2845. The more common sense of this verb is the latter. V. Jam.Shere. Clearly miswritten forshe were, 1250.Sheu.SeeShauwe.Shides,n. pl.S. It here expresses pieces of wood cleft at the end, 917. In Doug. Virg.Schidesignifies a billet of wood, 223, 10;or a chip, splinter, 207, 8. So inRauf Coilzear, st. 39, Schaftes of schene wode they scheueride inschides. So also in P. Pl. The word is preserved in Lanc. This custom of skinning eels by inserting the head in a cleft stick, is still practised, we are informed, in the fish markets.Shir,adj.S. bright, 588, 916, 1253, &c.Shireue,n.S. sheriff, 2286.Shireues,pl.266.Sho,pron.SeeSche.Sho,v.S. to shoe, 1138.Shof,pa. t.S. shoved, pushed, 871, 892.Shol,1 p. s.(if I) shall, 1782.Sal, I shall, 628.Shole,pl.shall, 562, 645, 1788.Shul, 328.Sholen, 621, 1127, 1230, &c.Shulen, 731, 747, &c.Shoren(so in MS.), 1640.Sule, shall ye, will ye, 2419.Shude, I should, 1079.Sholdest, shouldst, 2712.Sholden,pl.1020, 1195.Shulden, 941.Sholdre,n.S. shoulder, 2738.Shuldre, 604, 1262.Shudre-blade, 2644.Sholdres,pl.shoulders, 1647, 1818.Shuldren, 982.Shon,n. pl.S. shoes, 860, 969.Shop,qu.Shok, shook, struck, destroyed, 1101. But Sewel gives Du.schoppen, to strike. Cf. Eng.chop.Shotshipe, n. S. [scot, symbolum,scipe, societas] An assembly of persons who pay pecuniary contribution or reckoning, 2099.For al Sikelines quidenSotscipeheo heolden,And swa longe swa beoð æuere,Ne scal hit stonde næuere.Laȝam.l. 23177.Cf.sotschipes,pl.in Leg. of St. Kath. MS. Cott. Tit. D 18, fol. 144b.SeeNares,v.Shot-clog.Shrede,n.S. a fragment, piece cut off, 99. [As it was given off the “board,” to “feed the poor,” it must mean a piece of bread or meat. Correct “shrede= clothing” in Coleridge’s Glossarial Index.]Shres,n.S. shears, 857.Shride,v.S. to clothe (himself), 963.Shrid,part. pa.clothed, 978.Shriue, Shriuen,v.S. to confess, make confession, 362, 2598.Shriue,Shriuen,part. pa.364, 2489.Shrud,n.S. clothing, 303.Shude, Shul, Shulen.SeeShol.Shuldre, Shuldren.SeeSholdre.Shuldreden,pa. t. pl.S. shouldered, 1056.Sibbe,adj.S. related, allied, 2277. Sir Tr. p. 44.SeeFremde.Siden,n. pl.S. sides, 371.Sike,v.S. to sigh, 291.Siking,n.S. sighing, 234.Sikerlike,adv.S. surely, 422, 625, 2301, 2707, 2871.Sikerly, Sir Tr. p. 35, &c.Sikernesse,n.S. surety, security, 2856. R. Glouc., R. Br., Chauc.Simenels,n. pl.Fr. 779, a finer sort of bread, “q. asimilah. e. puriori farinæ parte.”Spelm.Assis. pan. 51 Hen. III.Symnellusvero de quadrante ponderabit 2 sol. minus quam Wastellum. It elsewhere appears to be a sort of cake, or cracknel. So in theCrieries de Paris, v. 163, Chaudes tartes etsiminiaus. V. Nares in v.Sinne,n.S. fault, 1976.Ne for loue ne for sinne, 2375.Wolde he nouth for sinne lette, 2627. Traces of this phrase may be elsewhere found:Neyther forlovenor yet foraweLyuinge man none than they saw.Sir Degore, c. iv.Maboun and LybeauusFaste togedere hewes,And stentefor no synne.Ly Beaus Desc.1957.Sire, Syre,n.Fr. The term in ll. 310, 1229, is used not only to express respect, but command. A parallel passage is in R. Cœur de L. 2247. It simply meansSir, ll. 909, 2009.Site,v.S. to sit, 2809.Sittes,pr. t. 2 p.sittest, 1316.Sitten,pr. t. pl.sit, 2098.Site on knes, i.e. kneel, 2708.Siþe, Siþen,adv.S. then, afterwards, after, 399, 472, 1414, 1814, 1988, &c.Siþe,n.S. time, 1052.Siþe,Siþes,pl.213, 778, 1737, 2189.Syþe,Syþes, 2162, 2843. Sir Tr. p. 55, &c.Sket,adv.quickly, soon, 1926, 1960, 2303, 2493, 2513, 2574, 2736, 2839. Sir Tr. pp. 36, 40, &c.; Ly Beaus Desc. 484; K. Alisaund. 3047; R. Cœur de L. 806; Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. i. p. 228. [Icel.skjótt, quickly, fromskjótr, quick, swift. The adj. is still preserved in the surname SkeatorSkeet.]Skirming,n.Fr. skirmishing, 2323. Web. M. R.SeeNote on l. 2320.Slawe, Slawen.SeeSlo.Slenge,v.S. to sling, cast out, 2435.Slenget,part. pa.slung, 1923.Slepes,pr. t. 2 p.sleepest, 1283.Sleie, Sley,adj.skilful, expert, 1084, 2116. Sir Tr. pp. 23, 28; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 296; Emare, 67; R. Glouc. p. 350; Barb. xix. 179; Doug. 137, 12. Jamieson derives it from Su.-G.slug, Isl.slægr. Cf. Sw.slug.Slike,adv. or perhaps adj.smoothly, or smooth, 1157. “Slyke, or smothe.Lenis.” Prompt. Parv.Slo,n.S. sloe, berry, 849, 2051.Slo,v.S. to slay, 512, 1364, 1412, &c.Slou, 2543.Slos,pr. t. 2 p.slayest, 2706.Slos,imp. pl.strike ye, 2596.Slou,Slow,pa. t.slew, 501; struck, 2633.Slowe,Slowen,pa. t. pl.slew, 2414, 2427, 2432; struck, fought, 2683.Slawe,Slawen,part. pa.slain, 1803, 1928, 2000, &c. In l. 2747 (as in 2596, 2633, 2683) it has only the sense ofstruck, wounded, agreeably to the signification of the original word,sleán,sleáhan, Cædere, ferire.Smerte,adj. pl.S. painful, 2055.Smerte,v.S. to smart, 2647.Smot,pa. t.S. smote, 2654.So, a large tub, 933. SeeSoin Halliwell. Dan.saa, a pail.So,conj.S. as, 279, 349,et pass.Softe,adj.S. of a mild disposition, 991.Softe,adv.S. gently, 2618.Somdel,adj.S. somewhat, in some measure, 240.Sumdel, 450, 497, 1054, 2306, 2950. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.Sond,n.S. sand, 708, 735.Sone,n.S. son, 660, 839.Sones,pl.2980.Sone,adv.S. soon, 78, &c.; so soon as, 1354.Sor,n.S. sorrow, 234.Sorwe, 1374; pain, sore, 1988.Sor,adj.S. sore, detestable, 2229. [Perhaps it should besori.]Sorful,adj.S. sorrowful, 151, 2541.Sori,adj.S. sorrowful, 151, 477.Soth, Sothe,n.S. truth, 36, 647, 2008, &c.Soþlike,adv.S. truly, 276.Soupe,v.Fr. to sup, 1766.Southe,pa. t.S. sought, 1085.Sowe, Sowen.SeeSe.Sowel,n.victuals, 767, 1143, 2905. Properly, anything eaten with bread as a relish. SeeSoolin Halliwell. Dan.suul.Span-newe,adj.quite new, 968. This is the earliest instance on record of the use of this word. For its disputed etymology see Jam., Nares, Todd’s Johns., and Thoms. Etymons; but especially Wedgwood’s Etym. Dict.Span= chip;Span-new, chip-new. A.S.spón. It occurs in Chauc. Troil. iii. 1671.Sparkede,pa. t.S. sparkled, 2144.Spede,v.S. to speed, prosper, 1634.Speke,n.S. speech, 946.Speke, Speken,v.S. to speak, 326, 369, 548, 1070, &c.Spak,pa. t.spoke, 2389, 2968.Speken,part. pa.spoken, 2369.Spelle,n.S. story, relation, 338. K. Horn, 951.Spelle,v.S. to relate, tell forth, 15, 2530.SpenforSpent, 1819.Sperd, Sperde,part. pa.S. barred, bolted, 414, 448. Still common in the North. V. Brockett.Spille,v.S. to perish, 2422.Oflimes spille, 86, suffer the loss of limbs. K. Horn, 202. Web., Chauc.Spired,part. pa.S. speered, inquired, 2620. V. Jam. in v.Spore,n.S. spur, 2569.Sprauleden,pa. t. pl.S. sprawled, 475.Sprong,pa. t.S. sprung, 959.Seethe Note.Sprongen, 869.Sprungen,part. pa.risen, 1131.Sprote,n.S. sprout, 1142. A.S.sprote, a sprig, sprout.Spuse, Spusen,v.S. to espouse, marry, 1123, 1170, 2875.Spusede,pa. t. pl.espoused, 2887.Spused,part. pa.1175, 2928.Spuset, 1266.Spusing,n.S. espousals, marriage, 1164, 1177, 2886.Stac,n.S. 814. [This I believe to mean simply a stack, or heap, like the Dan.stak, Sw.stack. I add Sir F. Madden’s note in the edition of 1828.] A stack, or, more properly,stickof fish, a term applied to eels when strung on a row, ‘sic dicta, quod trajecta vimine (quodsticdicimus) connectebantur.’Spelm.Asticaconsisted of 25 eels, and 10Sticæmade aBinde. Glanv. lib. 2, c. 9.Stalworþi, Stalworþe, Stalwrthe, adj. S. strong, valiant, courageous, 24, 904, 1027, &c.Stalworþeste,sup.25.Stan-ded,adj.S. dead as a stone, completely dead, 1815.Stille als a ston, 928. Cf. K. of Tars, 549; Erle of Tol. 754; Launfal, 357.SeeGl. toPartenay.Star,n.Icel. a species of sedge, 939. Icel.stör; Sw.starr; Dan.stær.Seethe Note.Stareden,pt. t. pl.1037.Probably miswritten forStradden, contended. Cf. Su.-Goth. and Sw.strida, to contend.Starinde,part. pr.staring, 508.Stark,adj.S. stiff, stout, strong, 341, 380, 608, &c. V. Jam. in v.Stede,n.S. steed, horse, 10, &c.Stede,n.S. place, 142, 744.Stedes,pl.1846.Stem,n.S. a ray of light, beam, 591. It is equivalent toGlem, l. 2122.Therewith he blinded them so close,Astimethey could not see.R. Hood,I.112.Cf. Brockett’s Gl. in v.Stime.Sternes,n. pl.stars, 1809.Ageyn þe sternes= exposed to the sky, or to the open air.Stert,n.S. leap, 1873. Chaucer hasat a stertfor immediately, C. T. 1707.Stert,n.S. [steort, cauda] tail, 2323.Startis still retained in the North.Steuene,n.S. voice, 1275.Sti,n.S. road, way, 2618. Sir Tr. p. 192; Yw. and Gaw. 599; Emare, 196; Sevyn Sages, 712; R. Br. Chaucer usesstilein the same sense, C. T. 12628, and Minot, p. 5, in both which passages the respective Editors have made the same mistake in explaining it. [Cf. G.steg, a pass.]Stille,adj.S. quiet, 955, 2309.Stille,adv.S. in a low voice, secretly, 2997. Sir Tr. p. 55; K. Horn, 315.Stirt, Stirte,pa. t.S. started, leaped, 398, 566, 873, 1049, &c.Stirte,Stirten,pa. t. pl.started, hurried, 599, 1964, 2609. Derived by Skinner from S.astirian, movere, by Jam. from Teut.steerten, volare.SeeAstirte. Cf. G.stürzen; and seeStartin Wedgwood.Stith,n.S. anvil, 1877. Chauc. Still provincial. V. Moore, and Brockett.Stiward,n.S. steward, 666.Stonden,n.S. to stand, 689.Stondes,pr. t. 3 p.standeth, stands, 2240, 2983.Stod,pa. t.stood, 591, 679.Stoden,pa. t. pl.1037.Stor,adj.S. hardy, stout, 2383. Laȝam. l. 9126; Yw. and Gaw. 1297; Chron. of Engl. 464; Sq. of Lowe D. 658; Ly Beaus Desc. 1766.Steir,Sture, Sc. ap. Jam. Cf. Sw.stor.Stra,n.S. straw, 315, 466. A.S.streow,streaw. Cf.Strie.Strenes,pr. t. 3 p.S. begets, 2983. Fromstreónan, gignere. Cf. K. Alisaund. 7057.Strie,n.a straw, 998.SeeStra.Strout,n.dispute, contention, 1039. Cf. A.S.strúdan, andStrotherin Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.Stroute,v.S. to make a disturbance, 1779. Bosworth explains A.S.strúdan,strútian, as having originally the sense to bustle about.Stunde,n.S. short space of time, 2614. V. Gl. to R. Glouc.SeeVmbestonde.Sturgiun, Sturgun,n.sturgeon, 753, 1727. Cf. Sw.stör, Dan.stör.Suere, Suereth.SeeSweren.Suete,adj.S. sweet, 1388. Cf. l. 2927.Sueyn, Sweyn,n.S. swain, villain, 343, 1328, &c.Sweynes,pl.371, 2195. It is generally used in opposition toknight.Svich,adj.S. such, 60.Suilk,adj.such (things), 644.SeeSwilk.Sule.SeeShol.Sumdel.SeeSomdel.Sunne-bem,n.S. sun-beam, 592, 2123.Swerd,n.S. sword, 1759, &c.Swerdes,pl.1769, 2659.Sweren,v.S. to swear, 494.Suereth,pr. t. s.swear, 647.Swor,pa. t.swore, 398, 2367.Suere,pr. subj. 2 p. s.388.Swike,n.S. deceiver, traitor, 423, 551, 626, 1158, 2401, 2451, &c.Swikes,pl.2834, 2990. Laȝam. l. 12942; R. Gl. p. 105.Swikel,adj.S. deceitful, 1108.For alle þine witienBeoð swiðeswikele.Laȝam.l. 15848.Hoe beth ofswikelekunneTher mide the witherwinne.The sawe of Seint Bede, MS. Digb. 86.He wassuikel, fals, ant fel.Chron. of Engl.791.Swilen,v.S. [swilian, Ps. vi. 6] to wash, 919. It occurs also in Rob. of Brunne’sHandling Sinne, l. 5828. Still provincial.Swilk,adj.S. such, 1118, 1625, 2123, 2684, 2783.Suilk, 644.Swinge,v.S. to beat, chastise (usedpassively), 214.Swngen,part. pa.beaten, 226. Laȝam. l. 21070. So inSyr Bevys, C. ii. All at ones on him theyswonge. In the North the verb retains the same meaning; v. Brockett.Swink,n.S. labour, 770, 801, 2456.Swinken,v.S. to labour, 798.Swank,pa. t.laboured, 788.Swire,n.S. neck, 311. Formerly in universal use, and still preserved in the provinces.Swiþe, Swyþe,adv.S. very, exceedingly, 110, 217, 341. Quickly, 140, 682, 690;ful swithe, 2436, appears a pleonasm.Swithe forth and rathe, quickly forth, and soon, 2594.Swot,n.S. sweat, perspiration, 2662. The word has the same meaning in Cædmon, f. 24, ed. Thorpe, p. 31, l. 8, which seems to contradict Mr Price’s assertion to the contrary, in Warton’s Hist. Engl. Poetr. p. lxxi., ed. 1840.Swngen.SeeSwinge.Syre.SeeSire.Syþe, Syþes.SeeSiþe.Syþe,n.S. scythe, 2553, 2699.TTabour,n.Fr. tabor, 2329.Tale,n.S. number, 2026.Taleuaces,n. pl.Fr. large shields, 2323.Seethe Note on l. 2320.Tarst (so inMS.), 2688; almost certainly an error forfaste, which appears in the next line. Also, the movements of Godard are compared to the course of lightning.Tauhte,pt. s.committed, 2214, probably an error forbitauhte.SeeBitaken.Tel,n.S. deceit, reproach, 191, 2219. A.S.tálu.Telle,v.S. to count, number, 2615.Told,part. pa.numbered, esteemed, 1036.Tene,n.S. grief, affliction, 729.Tere,v.S. to tar (used passively), 707.Teth,n. pl.S. teeth, 2406.Teyte,adj.S. 1841, 2331. [Explained “lively” by Coleridge, Stratmann, and Morris, as if from Icel.teitr, hilaris. This I believe to be completely wrong. The word occurs in Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 871, with reference totightlasses, and in l. 1841 of Havelok we have a reference totightlads. In l. 2331 it may also meanflawless, staunch. “Theet,adj.water-tight. O.N.þiettrorþéttr, densus, solidus. O.Sw.thæter, Sw. Dial,tjettortjætt, Dan.tætt, Germ.dicht. Ihre gives . . . .ett tätt fat, a flawless vessel. ‘Thyht, hool fro brekynge, not brokyn.Integer,solidus. Prompt. Parv.’” Atkinson’s Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.][Teytemay meanlively. My explanation is not generally accepted.]SeeEndnote.Þa,written forþat, 175.Þan, Þanne,adv.S. then, 51, 1044, &c.; when, 226, 248,et sæpius; than if (quàm), 944, 1867.Þar,adv.where (?) 130.Seethe Note; and cf.Þer.Þare,adv.S. there, 2481, 2739. Cf. þer, þore.Þarne,v.to lose, be deprived of, 2492, 2835.Þarnes,pr. t.wants, is deprived of, 1913.Þarned the ded, 1687; [clearly miswritten forþoled þe ded, suffered death. The scribe was thinking ofþarned þe lif; cf. l. 2492.] The verb only exists in the Sax. in the pt. t.þærnode, Chron. Sax. p. 222, ed. Gibs., which is derived by Lye from the Cimbr.At thuerna, orthorna, diminui, privari. V. Hickes Thes.I.p. 152. [I.e. it is from the root of the Sw.tarfva, Icel.thurfa, Goth.thaurban, with thefdropped, andwith the addition of thepassiveorneuterinfinitive-ending denoted by-ne, like-nain Sw.,-nanin Mœso-Gothic. Seeþarrnennin Gl. to Ormulum.]Þas,readWas, 1129. [As þ at the beginning of a word is never put fort, it is not = Sc.tas, takes, as some have suggested.]Þaue, v. S. [þafian] to grant, 296; bear, sustain, 2696. Ormulum, 5457.Thayn,n.S. nobleman, 2184.Thein, 2466.Thaynes,pl.2260.Theynes, 2194.SeeKayn.Þe,n.S. thigh, 1950.Þhe, 1984.Þes,pl.1903.Þhes, 2289.Þe,adv.S. (written forþer), there, 142, 476, 863, 933.Þe with, therewith, 639.SeeÞer.Þe,conj.S. though, 1682.Þei, 1966.Þey, 807, 992, 1165, 2501.SeeÞou.Þede,n.S. country, dwelling, 105; place, 2890. Web., Le Bone Flor. 246. R. Br. p. 18. V. Jam.Þef,n.S. thief, 2434.Þeues,pl.1780.Þei,pron.S. they, 1020, 1195, &c.Þei, Þey,conj.though.SeeÞe.Þenke,pr. subj.S. think, 2394.Þenkeste,pr. t. 2 p.thinkest thou, 578.Þenne,adv.S. thence, 1185. [Perhaps in l. 777, we should put the comma afterþenne; “when he came thence,” &c.]Þer,adv.S. where, 318, 448, &c.; there,passim; the place whence, 1740.Þerinne, therein, 535, &c.Þerhinne, 322.Þerof,Þeroffe, thereof, 372, 466, 1068, &c.Þerþoru, by that means, 1098.Þertil,Þerto, thereto, 396, 1041, 1045.Þerwit,Þerwith, therewith, 1031, 1046.SeeÞe,Þore.Þere,pron.S. their, 1350.ÞerlforÞe erl, the earl, 178.Þertekene, 2878. [Coleridge’s Glossarial Index has “Thertekene = mark thereto. A.S.tácnian.” But this is a very awkward phrase, and I should prefer to supposeþer-tekene= by the token, i.e. in token.Tekeneanswers to the Sw.tecken, a token; andþeris found as a prefix inP. Plowmanin the phr.þer-while=þe while, i.e. in the time that. The only difficulty is thatþeris properly feminine (A.S.þære), whilstteckenin Sw. andtácenin A.S. are neuter.In tokne(= in token) occurs in Shoreham’s poems, ed. Wright, 131.]Þet,conj.S. that (quòd), 330.Þet,pron.S. that, 879.Þeþe, Þeþen,adv.S. thence, 2498, 2629.Þeu, Þewe,n.S. in a servile condition or station, 262, 2205. R. Gl.Þewes,n. pl.S. manners, 282. Laȝam., Rits. M. R., Web., P. Plowm., Chauc., Gl. Lynds., Percy, A. R.Þi.SeeForþi.ÞiforÞy, thy, 2725.Þider,adv.S. thither, 850, 1012, 1021, &c.Þigge, v. S. [þicgan] to beg, 1373. This word is chiefly preserved in the Sc. writers. Wall. ii. 259; Doug. Virg. 182, 37; Evergreen, ii. 199; Bannatyne Poems, p. 120, V. Jam. in v., who derives it from Su.-G.tigga, Alem.thigen, petere. [Seetiggain Ihre. “Thyggynge or beggynge,Mendicacio.” Prompt. Parv.]Þisforþise, these, 1145.Þisternesse,n.S. darkness, 2191.Dalden from þan fihteAl biþusterenihte.Laȝam.l. 7567; cf.Gen. and Ex., 58.Thit,pp.2990. [The rime shews that theiis long; and, whetherthethis sounded liket, or (which is more likely) the word should have been writtentihtortith, we may be tolerably confident that it is equivalent to the O.E.tightortiȝt, a pp. signifyingintended,purposed,designed, which is the exact sense here required. Stratmann gives five instances of it, of which one is— “To brewe the Crystene mennys banys Hy haddentyght;” Octovian, 1476.]Þo,pron.S. those, 1918, 2044.Þo,pron.thou.SeeÞu.Þo,adv.S. then, 930; when, 1047.Thow, 1669.Þore,adv.S. there, 741, 922, 1014, &c.Þortil, thereto, 1443.Þorwit, therewith, 100.SeeÞe,Þer.Þoru,adv.S. through, 627, 774, 848, &c.Þoruth, 1065, 2786.Þorw, 264, 367, 2646.Þuruth, 52.Þoruthlike,adv.S. throughly, 680.Þou,conj.S. though, 124, 299, &c.Þo, 1020.SeeÞe.Þoucte,pa. t.S. thought, 504, 507, &c.Þouthte, 1073.Þowthe, 1869.Þouthe, 1166.Þat god thoucte, 256, that seemed good. Cf. Sir Tr. pp. 30, 36. And so in MS. Vernon, Bodl.Riche metes was forth brouhtTo all menthat gode thouht.Disp. betw. a Crystene mon and a Jew, f. 301.[Or, if we read “þat godhimþoucte,” this would mean “that seemed goodto him;” cf. l. 197.]Þouth,n.S. thought, 122, 1190.Þral,n.S. slave, villain, 527, 684, 1097, 1158, 2564, 2589. In an opprobious sense, 1408. Sir Tr. p. 175.Þrawe,n.S. space of time, moment, 276, 1215. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Doug. Virg.Þrow, Chauc., Gower, &c.Þredde, Þridde,adj.S. third, 867, 2633.Þrette,pa. t.S. threatened, 1163.Þrie, 730. [In the former edition it is glossed “trouble, affliction; apparently the same asTrayorTreye;” cf. A.S.tréga. But this renders the construction difficult, nor is it clear thattreyeandþriecan be identified. Without doubt, the usual meaning ofþrieisthrice, which is easily construed, only it remains to be shewn whythriceshould be introduced; unless perhaps it signifiesin a threefold degree.]Þrinne,num.S. three, 716, 761, 1977, 2091.Þrist, Þristen,v.S. to thrust, 1152, 2019, 2725.Þrist,part. pa.thrust, 638.Þu,pron.S. thou, 527, &c.Þou, 527, &c.Þo, 388.Þw(readþat þwinstead ofþw that?), 1316.Tow, 1322.Tu, 2903. It is often joined to the verb which precedes, asShaltow,Wiltu, &c. Thegen.isþin, 1128; theacc.isþe, 529.Þurte,pt. t. s.need, might, 10. [It answers to the A.S.þurfan,pt. t.ic þorfte, Icel.þurfa,pt. t.þurfti, Mœso-Goth.þaurban,pt. t.þaurfta.SeeOrmulum, l. 16164, and Sir F. Madden’s note toþortin Gl. toWill. of Palerne.]Þuruth.SeeÞoru.ÞusforÞis, 785, 2586. (In comp.þus-gate.)Tid,n.S. time, hour, 2100.Til,prep.S. to, 141, 762, 864, &c.SeeIntil,Þertil.Til,v.S. to tell, 1348.Tilled,part. pa.S. obtained, acquired (lit. drawn, taken), 438. V. Gl. R. Br. in v.tille, and see quotation underGoddot.Tinte,pa. t.S. lost, 2023. Sir Tr. p. 104. V. Jam.Tirneden,pa. t. pl.S. turned, 603.Tiþandes,n. pl.Icel. tidings, 2279.To-, in composition with verbs, is usually augmentative, or has the force of the Lat.dis-.To-brised,part. pa.very much bruised, 1950. (SeeBrisen.)To-cruhsse,inf.crush in pieces, 1992.To-deyle,inf.divide, 2099. (SeeDeled.)To-drawen,part. pa.dragged or pulled to death, 2001. (SeeDrou.)To-frusshe,inf.break in pieces, 1993.To-hewen,part. pa.hewn in pieces, 2001.To-riuen,part. pa.tornorriven in pieces, 1953.To-rof,pa. t.burst open, 1792.To-shiuere,inf.shiver in pieces, 1993.To-shiuered,part. pa.shivered to pieces, 2667.To-tere,inf.tear in pieces, 1839.To-torn,part. pa.torn in pieces, 1948, 2021.To-tusede,part. pa.entirely rumpled or tumbled, 1948. In one case only we find it to be merely the prep.toin composition; viz. inTo-yede,pa. t.went to, 765. (SeeYede.) [Seenote on this prefix in Gloss. toWilliam of Palerne.]To,adv.S. too, 303, 689, 691, &c.To,n.S. toe, 1743, 1847, &c.Tos,pl.898, 2163.To,num.S. two, 2664.To,prep.follows its case in ll. 197, 325, 526.To-frusshe,v.Fr. [froisser] to dash or break in pieces, 1993.
The breche adoun he threst,Heritt, and gan to right.Sir Tristr.p. 33.[Cf. Sw.rista, Dan.riste, to slash, cut; G.ritzen. Perhaps connected also with Du.rijten, G.reissen, to tear.]Robben,v.S. to rob, 1958.Rode,n.S. the rood, cross, 103, 431, 1357, &c. V. Todd’s Gl. Illustr. Chauc.Rof,n.S. roof, 2082.Rome,v.S. to roam, travel about, 64.Rore,v.S. to roar, 2496, &c.Rorede,pa. t.roared, 2438.Roser,n.Fr. rose-bush, 2919. Chauc., Pers. Tale,De luxuria.Rothe.SeeRathe.Rowte,v.S. [hrutan] to roar, 1911. R. Cœur de L. 4304. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam. in v. Cf. Icel.hrjota, Sw.ryte. The word is still retained in the provinces. V. Brockett and Wilbr.Runci,n.B. Lat. a horse of burden, 2569. V. Du Cange and Spelm. The word is common both in Fr. and Engl. writers. Cf. Span.Rozin-ante.Rungen.SeeRingen.Rym.SeeRim.SSalforShall, 628.SameforShame, 1941. V. Jam.Samen,adv.S. together, 467, 979, 1717, &c. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br. So also in Sc. V. Jam.Samened,part. pa.S. assembled, united, 2890. Web., R. Br. p. 2.Sare,adv.S. sore, sorrowfully, 401.Sat,pa. t.S. opposed, 2567.SeeAtsitte. In Sc. isSit,Sist, to stop, from Lat.sistere. V. Jam.Sautres,n. pl.Fr. Lat. Psalters, Hymns for the Office of the Dead, 244.Sawe,written forsa we, i.e. say we, 338.Sawe, Sawen, Say.SeeSe.Sayse,v.B. Lat. to seise, give seisin or livery of land, 251, 2518.Seysed,pa. t.seised, 2931,part. pa.2513. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 309.Scabbed, Skabbed,adj.S. Lat. scabby, scurvy, 2449, 2505.Scaþe,n.S. harm, injury, 1352.Scaþes,pl.269. R. Br., V. Gl.Skaith, Sc. V. Jam.Sche, Scho, Sho,pron.S. she, 112, 126, 649, 1721, &c.SchifteforShrift, absolution, 1829.Schoten, Shoten,pa. t. pl.S. shot, cast, 1838, 1864.Scuten, 2431.[Shoten, in l. 1838, meansrushed,darted,flew.]Schulle,n.a plaice, 759. Sw.skolla, a plaice.SeeColeridge’s Glossarial Index.Se (theS.art.) the, but perhaps a mistake of the scribe, l. 534, as it is not elsewhere used.Se,n.S. sea, 535, &c.;gen.seis, 321.Se, Sen,v.S. to see, 1021, 1273, &c.Sest,pr. t. 2 p.seest, 534.Sen,pr. t. pl.see, 168, 1217.Sawe,Sowe,pa. t.saw, 1182, 1323.Say, 881.Sawen,Sowen,pa. t. pl.957, 1055, 2255.Sene,part. pa.656.Seckes,n. pl.S. sacks, 2019.Segges,n. pl.Fr. [seches] 896. In Cotgr. theSecheis explained the Sound, or Cuttle fish. TheSeches de Coutancewere held in the highest estimation. V. Le Grand.Seealso Jam. v.Sye.Sei,v.SeeSeyen.Seis.SeeSe.Seken,v.S. to seek, 1629. The reading is confirmed by an old poem in MS. Digb. 86.Sire, we benknizttesfer i-fare,For tosechenwide-ware.La vie seint Eustace, qui out noun Placidas.Selcouth,n.S. wonder, strange thing, 124, 1059.Selcuth, 2119. It was in all probability originallyanadj.asSelkuth. Strange, wonderful, 1284.Sele,n.S. seal, 755.Seli,adj.S. simple, harmless, 477, 499. R. Gl., Chauc.Selthe,n.S. success, 1338. A.S.sélð. [Cf.selehðeinLaȝam.l. 25136, and seeselehðein Stratmann’s Dictionary of Old English. The line seems to be a proverb, and the meaning is— “Rest and success are companions.” Goldborough tells him to avoid delay, since rest may accompany success, but cannot precede it.]Sembling,n.Fr. assembling, 1018. It may also be compared with the Su.-G.samlung, conventus.Semes,pr. t.in the phrase,hire semes= it beseems her, it becomes her, 2916.Semede,pa. t.was suitable, was fit, 976. SeeSeemin Wedgwood.Sen, Sene.SeeSe.Sendes,pr. t.sendeth, sends, 2392.Sende,pa. t.sent, 136, &c.Serf-borw,n.S. surety, pledge, 1667. In MS. Soc. Antiq. No. 60, known by the name ofThe Black Book of Peterborough, is an instrument in which many names both of Saxon and Danish origin appear as theBorhhanda, or Sureties, otherwise calledFestermen. See Jam. and the Glossaries, for further examples.Serganz,n. pl.Fr. attendants, officers, 2088, 2091, 2116.Sergaunz, 1929, 2361, 2371.Seriaunz, 2066. V. Spelm. in v.Servientes, and Hickes, Thes. T. i. p. 148.Serges.SeeCerges.Serk,n.S. shirt, 603. Emare, 501. R. Br.Seruen,v.S. to serve, 1230.Seruede,pa. t.S. deserved, 1914. Web. M. R. So in Sc. V. Jam.Sest.SeeSe.Sette,v.S. to set, descend, 2671.Sette,pa. t.S. set, placed, 2405; appointed, 2571.Setten,pa. t. pl.set, 1211.Sette,part. pa.set, placed, 2612.Seyen,v.S. to say, 2886.Seyst,pr. t. 2 p.sayest, 2008.Seyde,pa. t. 3 p.said, 117, &c.Seyden,pa. t. pl.said, 376, 1213.Seyden, have said, 456.Sey,part. pa.said, 2993.Seysed.SeeSayse.Seyst.SeeSeyen.Seyt,pr. t. s.put forsey it, i.e. say it; or else put forseyth, i.e. say, 647. So in Sir Tr. p. 117,For mani menseytay whare.Shaltou, shalt thou, 1800.Shaltow, 1322.Shaltu, 2180, 2186, 2882, 2901.Shamelike,adv.S. shamefully, disgracefully, 2825.Schamliche, Sir Tr. p. 93.Shankes,n. pl.S. legs, 1903.Sconke, Laȝam. l. 15215.SeeRits. A. S. p. 16, and Diss. p. xxxi.Schankis, Sc. V. Jam.Shar,pa. t.S. share, cut, 1413. So in Am. and Amil. 2298, Her throtes heschar atvo.Shauwe, Shawe,v.S. to shew, 2206, 2784.Sheu, 1401.Shel, Sheld,n.S. shield, 489, 624, 1653, &c.Shende,v.S. to ruin, destroy, 1422. Bevis of H. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 99. Chauc.Shent,pa. t.shamed, disgraced, 2749;part. pa.shend, 2845. The more common sense of this verb is the latter. V. Jam.Shere. Clearly miswritten forshe were, 1250.Sheu.SeeShauwe.Shides,n. pl.S. It here expresses pieces of wood cleft at the end, 917. In Doug. Virg.Schidesignifies a billet of wood, 223, 10;or a chip, splinter, 207, 8. So inRauf Coilzear, st. 39, Schaftes of schene wode they scheueride inschides. So also in P. Pl. The word is preserved in Lanc. This custom of skinning eels by inserting the head in a cleft stick, is still practised, we are informed, in the fish markets.Shir,adj.S. bright, 588, 916, 1253, &c.Shireue,n.S. sheriff, 2286.Shireues,pl.266.Sho,pron.SeeSche.Sho,v.S. to shoe, 1138.Shof,pa. t.S. shoved, pushed, 871, 892.Shol,1 p. s.(if I) shall, 1782.Sal, I shall, 628.Shole,pl.shall, 562, 645, 1788.Shul, 328.Sholen, 621, 1127, 1230, &c.Shulen, 731, 747, &c.Shoren(so in MS.), 1640.Sule, shall ye, will ye, 2419.Shude, I should, 1079.Sholdest, shouldst, 2712.Sholden,pl.1020, 1195.Shulden, 941.Sholdre,n.S. shoulder, 2738.Shuldre, 604, 1262.Shudre-blade, 2644.Sholdres,pl.shoulders, 1647, 1818.Shuldren, 982.Shon,n. pl.S. shoes, 860, 969.Shop,qu.Shok, shook, struck, destroyed, 1101. But Sewel gives Du.schoppen, to strike. Cf. Eng.chop.Shotshipe, n. S. [scot, symbolum,scipe, societas] An assembly of persons who pay pecuniary contribution or reckoning, 2099.For al Sikelines quidenSotscipeheo heolden,And swa longe swa beoð æuere,Ne scal hit stonde næuere.Laȝam.l. 23177.Cf.sotschipes,pl.in Leg. of St. Kath. MS. Cott. Tit. D 18, fol. 144b.SeeNares,v.Shot-clog.Shrede,n.S. a fragment, piece cut off, 99. [As it was given off the “board,” to “feed the poor,” it must mean a piece of bread or meat. Correct “shrede= clothing” in Coleridge’s Glossarial Index.]Shres,n.S. shears, 857.Shride,v.S. to clothe (himself), 963.Shrid,part. pa.clothed, 978.Shriue, Shriuen,v.S. to confess, make confession, 362, 2598.Shriue,Shriuen,part. pa.364, 2489.Shrud,n.S. clothing, 303.Shude, Shul, Shulen.SeeShol.Shuldre, Shuldren.SeeSholdre.Shuldreden,pa. t. pl.S. shouldered, 1056.Sibbe,adj.S. related, allied, 2277. Sir Tr. p. 44.SeeFremde.Siden,n. pl.S. sides, 371.Sike,v.S. to sigh, 291.Siking,n.S. sighing, 234.Sikerlike,adv.S. surely, 422, 625, 2301, 2707, 2871.Sikerly, Sir Tr. p. 35, &c.Sikernesse,n.S. surety, security, 2856. R. Glouc., R. Br., Chauc.Simenels,n. pl.Fr. 779, a finer sort of bread, “q. asimilah. e. puriori farinæ parte.”Spelm.Assis. pan. 51 Hen. III.Symnellusvero de quadrante ponderabit 2 sol. minus quam Wastellum. It elsewhere appears to be a sort of cake, or cracknel. So in theCrieries de Paris, v. 163, Chaudes tartes etsiminiaus. V. Nares in v.Sinne,n.S. fault, 1976.Ne for loue ne for sinne, 2375.Wolde he nouth for sinne lette, 2627. Traces of this phrase may be elsewhere found:Neyther forlovenor yet foraweLyuinge man none than they saw.Sir Degore, c. iv.Maboun and LybeauusFaste togedere hewes,And stentefor no synne.Ly Beaus Desc.1957.Sire, Syre,n.Fr. The term in ll. 310, 1229, is used not only to express respect, but command. A parallel passage is in R. Cœur de L. 2247. It simply meansSir, ll. 909, 2009.Site,v.S. to sit, 2809.Sittes,pr. t. 2 p.sittest, 1316.Sitten,pr. t. pl.sit, 2098.Site on knes, i.e. kneel, 2708.Siþe, Siþen,adv.S. then, afterwards, after, 399, 472, 1414, 1814, 1988, &c.Siþe,n.S. time, 1052.Siþe,Siþes,pl.213, 778, 1737, 2189.Syþe,Syþes, 2162, 2843. Sir Tr. p. 55, &c.Sket,adv.quickly, soon, 1926, 1960, 2303, 2493, 2513, 2574, 2736, 2839. Sir Tr. pp. 36, 40, &c.; Ly Beaus Desc. 484; K. Alisaund. 3047; R. Cœur de L. 806; Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. i. p. 228. [Icel.skjótt, quickly, fromskjótr, quick, swift. The adj. is still preserved in the surname SkeatorSkeet.]Skirming,n.Fr. skirmishing, 2323. Web. M. R.SeeNote on l. 2320.Slawe, Slawen.SeeSlo.Slenge,v.S. to sling, cast out, 2435.Slenget,part. pa.slung, 1923.Slepes,pr. t. 2 p.sleepest, 1283.Sleie, Sley,adj.skilful, expert, 1084, 2116. Sir Tr. pp. 23, 28; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 296; Emare, 67; R. Glouc. p. 350; Barb. xix. 179; Doug. 137, 12. Jamieson derives it from Su.-G.slug, Isl.slægr. Cf. Sw.slug.Slike,adv. or perhaps adj.smoothly, or smooth, 1157. “Slyke, or smothe.Lenis.” Prompt. Parv.Slo,n.S. sloe, berry, 849, 2051.Slo,v.S. to slay, 512, 1364, 1412, &c.Slou, 2543.Slos,pr. t. 2 p.slayest, 2706.Slos,imp. pl.strike ye, 2596.Slou,Slow,pa. t.slew, 501; struck, 2633.Slowe,Slowen,pa. t. pl.slew, 2414, 2427, 2432; struck, fought, 2683.Slawe,Slawen,part. pa.slain, 1803, 1928, 2000, &c. In l. 2747 (as in 2596, 2633, 2683) it has only the sense ofstruck, wounded, agreeably to the signification of the original word,sleán,sleáhan, Cædere, ferire.Smerte,adj. pl.S. painful, 2055.Smerte,v.S. to smart, 2647.Smot,pa. t.S. smote, 2654.So, a large tub, 933. SeeSoin Halliwell. Dan.saa, a pail.So,conj.S. as, 279, 349,et pass.Softe,adj.S. of a mild disposition, 991.Softe,adv.S. gently, 2618.Somdel,adj.S. somewhat, in some measure, 240.Sumdel, 450, 497, 1054, 2306, 2950. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.Sond,n.S. sand, 708, 735.Sone,n.S. son, 660, 839.Sones,pl.2980.Sone,adv.S. soon, 78, &c.; so soon as, 1354.Sor,n.S. sorrow, 234.Sorwe, 1374; pain, sore, 1988.Sor,adj.S. sore, detestable, 2229. [Perhaps it should besori.]Sorful,adj.S. sorrowful, 151, 2541.Sori,adj.S. sorrowful, 151, 477.Soth, Sothe,n.S. truth, 36, 647, 2008, &c.Soþlike,adv.S. truly, 276.Soupe,v.Fr. to sup, 1766.Southe,pa. t.S. sought, 1085.Sowe, Sowen.SeeSe.Sowel,n.victuals, 767, 1143, 2905. Properly, anything eaten with bread as a relish. SeeSoolin Halliwell. Dan.suul.Span-newe,adj.quite new, 968. This is the earliest instance on record of the use of this word. For its disputed etymology see Jam., Nares, Todd’s Johns., and Thoms. Etymons; but especially Wedgwood’s Etym. Dict.Span= chip;Span-new, chip-new. A.S.spón. It occurs in Chauc. Troil. iii. 1671.Sparkede,pa. t.S. sparkled, 2144.Spede,v.S. to speed, prosper, 1634.Speke,n.S. speech, 946.Speke, Speken,v.S. to speak, 326, 369, 548, 1070, &c.Spak,pa. t.spoke, 2389, 2968.Speken,part. pa.spoken, 2369.Spelle,n.S. story, relation, 338. K. Horn, 951.Spelle,v.S. to relate, tell forth, 15, 2530.SpenforSpent, 1819.Sperd, Sperde,part. pa.S. barred, bolted, 414, 448. Still common in the North. V. Brockett.Spille,v.S. to perish, 2422.Oflimes spille, 86, suffer the loss of limbs. K. Horn, 202. Web., Chauc.Spired,part. pa.S. speered, inquired, 2620. V. Jam. in v.Spore,n.S. spur, 2569.Sprauleden,pa. t. pl.S. sprawled, 475.Sprong,pa. t.S. sprung, 959.Seethe Note.Sprongen, 869.Sprungen,part. pa.risen, 1131.Sprote,n.S. sprout, 1142. A.S.sprote, a sprig, sprout.Spuse, Spusen,v.S. to espouse, marry, 1123, 1170, 2875.Spusede,pa. t. pl.espoused, 2887.Spused,part. pa.1175, 2928.Spuset, 1266.Spusing,n.S. espousals, marriage, 1164, 1177, 2886.Stac,n.S. 814. [This I believe to mean simply a stack, or heap, like the Dan.stak, Sw.stack. I add Sir F. Madden’s note in the edition of 1828.] A stack, or, more properly,stickof fish, a term applied to eels when strung on a row, ‘sic dicta, quod trajecta vimine (quodsticdicimus) connectebantur.’Spelm.Asticaconsisted of 25 eels, and 10Sticæmade aBinde. Glanv. lib. 2, c. 9.Stalworþi, Stalworþe, Stalwrthe, adj. S. strong, valiant, courageous, 24, 904, 1027, &c.Stalworþeste,sup.25.Stan-ded,adj.S. dead as a stone, completely dead, 1815.Stille als a ston, 928. Cf. K. of Tars, 549; Erle of Tol. 754; Launfal, 357.SeeGl. toPartenay.Star,n.Icel. a species of sedge, 939. Icel.stör; Sw.starr; Dan.stær.Seethe Note.Stareden,pt. t. pl.1037.Probably miswritten forStradden, contended. Cf. Su.-Goth. and Sw.strida, to contend.Starinde,part. pr.staring, 508.Stark,adj.S. stiff, stout, strong, 341, 380, 608, &c. V. Jam. in v.Stede,n.S. steed, horse, 10, &c.Stede,n.S. place, 142, 744.Stedes,pl.1846.Stem,n.S. a ray of light, beam, 591. It is equivalent toGlem, l. 2122.Therewith he blinded them so close,Astimethey could not see.R. Hood,I.112.Cf. Brockett’s Gl. in v.Stime.Sternes,n. pl.stars, 1809.Ageyn þe sternes= exposed to the sky, or to the open air.Stert,n.S. leap, 1873. Chaucer hasat a stertfor immediately, C. T. 1707.Stert,n.S. [steort, cauda] tail, 2323.Startis still retained in the North.Steuene,n.S. voice, 1275.Sti,n.S. road, way, 2618. Sir Tr. p. 192; Yw. and Gaw. 599; Emare, 196; Sevyn Sages, 712; R. Br. Chaucer usesstilein the same sense, C. T. 12628, and Minot, p. 5, in both which passages the respective Editors have made the same mistake in explaining it. [Cf. G.steg, a pass.]Stille,adj.S. quiet, 955, 2309.Stille,adv.S. in a low voice, secretly, 2997. Sir Tr. p. 55; K. Horn, 315.Stirt, Stirte,pa. t.S. started, leaped, 398, 566, 873, 1049, &c.Stirte,Stirten,pa. t. pl.started, hurried, 599, 1964, 2609. Derived by Skinner from S.astirian, movere, by Jam. from Teut.steerten, volare.SeeAstirte. Cf. G.stürzen; and seeStartin Wedgwood.Stith,n.S. anvil, 1877. Chauc. Still provincial. V. Moore, and Brockett.Stiward,n.S. steward, 666.Stonden,n.S. to stand, 689.Stondes,pr. t. 3 p.standeth, stands, 2240, 2983.Stod,pa. t.stood, 591, 679.Stoden,pa. t. pl.1037.Stor,adj.S. hardy, stout, 2383. Laȝam. l. 9126; Yw. and Gaw. 1297; Chron. of Engl. 464; Sq. of Lowe D. 658; Ly Beaus Desc. 1766.Steir,Sture, Sc. ap. Jam. Cf. Sw.stor.Stra,n.S. straw, 315, 466. A.S.streow,streaw. Cf.Strie.Strenes,pr. t. 3 p.S. begets, 2983. Fromstreónan, gignere. Cf. K. Alisaund. 7057.Strie,n.a straw, 998.SeeStra.Strout,n.dispute, contention, 1039. Cf. A.S.strúdan, andStrotherin Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.Stroute,v.S. to make a disturbance, 1779. Bosworth explains A.S.strúdan,strútian, as having originally the sense to bustle about.Stunde,n.S. short space of time, 2614. V. Gl. to R. Glouc.SeeVmbestonde.Sturgiun, Sturgun,n.sturgeon, 753, 1727. Cf. Sw.stör, Dan.stör.Suere, Suereth.SeeSweren.Suete,adj.S. sweet, 1388. Cf. l. 2927.Sueyn, Sweyn,n.S. swain, villain, 343, 1328, &c.Sweynes,pl.371, 2195. It is generally used in opposition toknight.Svich,adj.S. such, 60.Suilk,adj.such (things), 644.SeeSwilk.Sule.SeeShol.Sumdel.SeeSomdel.Sunne-bem,n.S. sun-beam, 592, 2123.Swerd,n.S. sword, 1759, &c.Swerdes,pl.1769, 2659.Sweren,v.S. to swear, 494.Suereth,pr. t. s.swear, 647.Swor,pa. t.swore, 398, 2367.Suere,pr. subj. 2 p. s.388.Swike,n.S. deceiver, traitor, 423, 551, 626, 1158, 2401, 2451, &c.Swikes,pl.2834, 2990. Laȝam. l. 12942; R. Gl. p. 105.Swikel,adj.S. deceitful, 1108.For alle þine witienBeoð swiðeswikele.Laȝam.l. 15848.Hoe beth ofswikelekunneTher mide the witherwinne.The sawe of Seint Bede, MS. Digb. 86.He wassuikel, fals, ant fel.Chron. of Engl.791.Swilen,v.S. [swilian, Ps. vi. 6] to wash, 919. It occurs also in Rob. of Brunne’sHandling Sinne, l. 5828. Still provincial.Swilk,adj.S. such, 1118, 1625, 2123, 2684, 2783.Suilk, 644.Swinge,v.S. to beat, chastise (usedpassively), 214.Swngen,part. pa.beaten, 226. Laȝam. l. 21070. So inSyr Bevys, C. ii. All at ones on him theyswonge. In the North the verb retains the same meaning; v. Brockett.Swink,n.S. labour, 770, 801, 2456.Swinken,v.S. to labour, 798.Swank,pa. t.laboured, 788.Swire,n.S. neck, 311. Formerly in universal use, and still preserved in the provinces.Swiþe, Swyþe,adv.S. very, exceedingly, 110, 217, 341. Quickly, 140, 682, 690;ful swithe, 2436, appears a pleonasm.Swithe forth and rathe, quickly forth, and soon, 2594.Swot,n.S. sweat, perspiration, 2662. The word has the same meaning in Cædmon, f. 24, ed. Thorpe, p. 31, l. 8, which seems to contradict Mr Price’s assertion to the contrary, in Warton’s Hist. Engl. Poetr. p. lxxi., ed. 1840.Swngen.SeeSwinge.Syre.SeeSire.Syþe, Syþes.SeeSiþe.Syþe,n.S. scythe, 2553, 2699.TTabour,n.Fr. tabor, 2329.Tale,n.S. number, 2026.Taleuaces,n. pl.Fr. large shields, 2323.Seethe Note on l. 2320.Tarst (so inMS.), 2688; almost certainly an error forfaste, which appears in the next line. Also, the movements of Godard are compared to the course of lightning.Tauhte,pt. s.committed, 2214, probably an error forbitauhte.SeeBitaken.Tel,n.S. deceit, reproach, 191, 2219. A.S.tálu.Telle,v.S. to count, number, 2615.Told,part. pa.numbered, esteemed, 1036.Tene,n.S. grief, affliction, 729.Tere,v.S. to tar (used passively), 707.Teth,n. pl.S. teeth, 2406.Teyte,adj.S. 1841, 2331. [Explained “lively” by Coleridge, Stratmann, and Morris, as if from Icel.teitr, hilaris. This I believe to be completely wrong. The word occurs in Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 871, with reference totightlasses, and in l. 1841 of Havelok we have a reference totightlads. In l. 2331 it may also meanflawless, staunch. “Theet,adj.water-tight. O.N.þiettrorþéttr, densus, solidus. O.Sw.thæter, Sw. Dial,tjettortjætt, Dan.tætt, Germ.dicht. Ihre gives . . . .ett tätt fat, a flawless vessel. ‘Thyht, hool fro brekynge, not brokyn.Integer,solidus. Prompt. Parv.’” Atkinson’s Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.][Teytemay meanlively. My explanation is not generally accepted.]SeeEndnote.Þa,written forþat, 175.Þan, Þanne,adv.S. then, 51, 1044, &c.; when, 226, 248,et sæpius; than if (quàm), 944, 1867.Þar,adv.where (?) 130.Seethe Note; and cf.Þer.Þare,adv.S. there, 2481, 2739. Cf. þer, þore.Þarne,v.to lose, be deprived of, 2492, 2835.Þarnes,pr. t.wants, is deprived of, 1913.Þarned the ded, 1687; [clearly miswritten forþoled þe ded, suffered death. The scribe was thinking ofþarned þe lif; cf. l. 2492.] The verb only exists in the Sax. in the pt. t.þærnode, Chron. Sax. p. 222, ed. Gibs., which is derived by Lye from the Cimbr.At thuerna, orthorna, diminui, privari. V. Hickes Thes.I.p. 152. [I.e. it is from the root of the Sw.tarfva, Icel.thurfa, Goth.thaurban, with thefdropped, andwith the addition of thepassiveorneuterinfinitive-ending denoted by-ne, like-nain Sw.,-nanin Mœso-Gothic. Seeþarrnennin Gl. to Ormulum.]Þas,readWas, 1129. [As þ at the beginning of a word is never put fort, it is not = Sc.tas, takes, as some have suggested.]Þaue, v. S. [þafian] to grant, 296; bear, sustain, 2696. Ormulum, 5457.Thayn,n.S. nobleman, 2184.Thein, 2466.Thaynes,pl.2260.Theynes, 2194.SeeKayn.Þe,n.S. thigh, 1950.Þhe, 1984.Þes,pl.1903.Þhes, 2289.Þe,adv.S. (written forþer), there, 142, 476, 863, 933.Þe with, therewith, 639.SeeÞer.Þe,conj.S. though, 1682.Þei, 1966.Þey, 807, 992, 1165, 2501.SeeÞou.Þede,n.S. country, dwelling, 105; place, 2890. Web., Le Bone Flor. 246. R. Br. p. 18. V. Jam.Þef,n.S. thief, 2434.Þeues,pl.1780.Þei,pron.S. they, 1020, 1195, &c.Þei, Þey,conj.though.SeeÞe.Þenke,pr. subj.S. think, 2394.Þenkeste,pr. t. 2 p.thinkest thou, 578.Þenne,adv.S. thence, 1185. [Perhaps in l. 777, we should put the comma afterþenne; “when he came thence,” &c.]Þer,adv.S. where, 318, 448, &c.; there,passim; the place whence, 1740.Þerinne, therein, 535, &c.Þerhinne, 322.Þerof,Þeroffe, thereof, 372, 466, 1068, &c.Þerþoru, by that means, 1098.Þertil,Þerto, thereto, 396, 1041, 1045.Þerwit,Þerwith, therewith, 1031, 1046.SeeÞe,Þore.Þere,pron.S. their, 1350.ÞerlforÞe erl, the earl, 178.Þertekene, 2878. [Coleridge’s Glossarial Index has “Thertekene = mark thereto. A.S.tácnian.” But this is a very awkward phrase, and I should prefer to supposeþer-tekene= by the token, i.e. in token.Tekeneanswers to the Sw.tecken, a token; andþeris found as a prefix inP. Plowmanin the phr.þer-while=þe while, i.e. in the time that. The only difficulty is thatþeris properly feminine (A.S.þære), whilstteckenin Sw. andtácenin A.S. are neuter.In tokne(= in token) occurs in Shoreham’s poems, ed. Wright, 131.]Þet,conj.S. that (quòd), 330.Þet,pron.S. that, 879.Þeþe, Þeþen,adv.S. thence, 2498, 2629.Þeu, Þewe,n.S. in a servile condition or station, 262, 2205. R. Gl.Þewes,n. pl.S. manners, 282. Laȝam., Rits. M. R., Web., P. Plowm., Chauc., Gl. Lynds., Percy, A. R.Þi.SeeForþi.ÞiforÞy, thy, 2725.Þider,adv.S. thither, 850, 1012, 1021, &c.Þigge, v. S. [þicgan] to beg, 1373. This word is chiefly preserved in the Sc. writers. Wall. ii. 259; Doug. Virg. 182, 37; Evergreen, ii. 199; Bannatyne Poems, p. 120, V. Jam. in v., who derives it from Su.-G.tigga, Alem.thigen, petere. [Seetiggain Ihre. “Thyggynge or beggynge,Mendicacio.” Prompt. Parv.]Þisforþise, these, 1145.Þisternesse,n.S. darkness, 2191.Dalden from þan fihteAl biþusterenihte.Laȝam.l. 7567; cf.Gen. and Ex., 58.Thit,pp.2990. [The rime shews that theiis long; and, whetherthethis sounded liket, or (which is more likely) the word should have been writtentihtortith, we may be tolerably confident that it is equivalent to the O.E.tightortiȝt, a pp. signifyingintended,purposed,designed, which is the exact sense here required. Stratmann gives five instances of it, of which one is— “To brewe the Crystene mennys banys Hy haddentyght;” Octovian, 1476.]Þo,pron.S. those, 1918, 2044.Þo,pron.thou.SeeÞu.Þo,adv.S. then, 930; when, 1047.Thow, 1669.Þore,adv.S. there, 741, 922, 1014, &c.Þortil, thereto, 1443.Þorwit, therewith, 100.SeeÞe,Þer.Þoru,adv.S. through, 627, 774, 848, &c.Þoruth, 1065, 2786.Þorw, 264, 367, 2646.Þuruth, 52.Þoruthlike,adv.S. throughly, 680.Þou,conj.S. though, 124, 299, &c.Þo, 1020.SeeÞe.Þoucte,pa. t.S. thought, 504, 507, &c.Þouthte, 1073.Þowthe, 1869.Þouthe, 1166.Þat god thoucte, 256, that seemed good. Cf. Sir Tr. pp. 30, 36. And so in MS. Vernon, Bodl.Riche metes was forth brouhtTo all menthat gode thouht.Disp. betw. a Crystene mon and a Jew, f. 301.[Or, if we read “þat godhimþoucte,” this would mean “that seemed goodto him;” cf. l. 197.]Þouth,n.S. thought, 122, 1190.Þral,n.S. slave, villain, 527, 684, 1097, 1158, 2564, 2589. In an opprobious sense, 1408. Sir Tr. p. 175.Þrawe,n.S. space of time, moment, 276, 1215. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Doug. Virg.Þrow, Chauc., Gower, &c.Þredde, Þridde,adj.S. third, 867, 2633.Þrette,pa. t.S. threatened, 1163.Þrie, 730. [In the former edition it is glossed “trouble, affliction; apparently the same asTrayorTreye;” cf. A.S.tréga. But this renders the construction difficult, nor is it clear thattreyeandþriecan be identified. Without doubt, the usual meaning ofþrieisthrice, which is easily construed, only it remains to be shewn whythriceshould be introduced; unless perhaps it signifiesin a threefold degree.]Þrinne,num.S. three, 716, 761, 1977, 2091.Þrist, Þristen,v.S. to thrust, 1152, 2019, 2725.Þrist,part. pa.thrust, 638.Þu,pron.S. thou, 527, &c.Þou, 527, &c.Þo, 388.Þw(readþat þwinstead ofþw that?), 1316.Tow, 1322.Tu, 2903. It is often joined to the verb which precedes, asShaltow,Wiltu, &c. Thegen.isþin, 1128; theacc.isþe, 529.Þurte,pt. t. s.need, might, 10. [It answers to the A.S.þurfan,pt. t.ic þorfte, Icel.þurfa,pt. t.þurfti, Mœso-Goth.þaurban,pt. t.þaurfta.SeeOrmulum, l. 16164, and Sir F. Madden’s note toþortin Gl. toWill. of Palerne.]Þuruth.SeeÞoru.ÞusforÞis, 785, 2586. (In comp.þus-gate.)Tid,n.S. time, hour, 2100.Til,prep.S. to, 141, 762, 864, &c.SeeIntil,Þertil.Til,v.S. to tell, 1348.Tilled,part. pa.S. obtained, acquired (lit. drawn, taken), 438. V. Gl. R. Br. in v.tille, and see quotation underGoddot.Tinte,pa. t.S. lost, 2023. Sir Tr. p. 104. V. Jam.Tirneden,pa. t. pl.S. turned, 603.Tiþandes,n. pl.Icel. tidings, 2279.To-, in composition with verbs, is usually augmentative, or has the force of the Lat.dis-.To-brised,part. pa.very much bruised, 1950. (SeeBrisen.)To-cruhsse,inf.crush in pieces, 1992.To-deyle,inf.divide, 2099. (SeeDeled.)To-drawen,part. pa.dragged or pulled to death, 2001. (SeeDrou.)To-frusshe,inf.break in pieces, 1993.To-hewen,part. pa.hewn in pieces, 2001.To-riuen,part. pa.tornorriven in pieces, 1953.To-rof,pa. t.burst open, 1792.To-shiuere,inf.shiver in pieces, 1993.To-shiuered,part. pa.shivered to pieces, 2667.To-tere,inf.tear in pieces, 1839.To-torn,part. pa.torn in pieces, 1948, 2021.To-tusede,part. pa.entirely rumpled or tumbled, 1948. In one case only we find it to be merely the prep.toin composition; viz. inTo-yede,pa. t.went to, 765. (SeeYede.) [Seenote on this prefix in Gloss. toWilliam of Palerne.]To,adv.S. too, 303, 689, 691, &c.To,n.S. toe, 1743, 1847, &c.Tos,pl.898, 2163.To,num.S. two, 2664.To,prep.follows its case in ll. 197, 325, 526.To-frusshe,v.Fr. [froisser] to dash or break in pieces, 1993.
The breche adoun he threst,Heritt, and gan to right.
The breche adoun he threst,
Heritt, and gan to right.
Sir Tristr.p. 33.
[Cf. Sw.rista, Dan.riste, to slash, cut; G.ritzen. Perhaps connected also with Du.rijten, G.reissen, to tear.]
Robben,v.S. to rob, 1958.
Rode,n.S. the rood, cross, 103, 431, 1357, &c. V. Todd’s Gl. Illustr. Chauc.
Rof,n.S. roof, 2082.
Rome,v.S. to roam, travel about, 64.
Rore,v.S. to roar, 2496, &c.Rorede,pa. t.roared, 2438.
Roser,n.Fr. rose-bush, 2919. Chauc., Pers. Tale,De luxuria.
Rothe.SeeRathe.
Rowte,v.S. [hrutan] to roar, 1911. R. Cœur de L. 4304. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam. in v. Cf. Icel.hrjota, Sw.ryte. The word is still retained in the provinces. V. Brockett and Wilbr.
Runci,n.B. Lat. a horse of burden, 2569. V. Du Cange and Spelm. The word is common both in Fr. and Engl. writers. Cf. Span.Rozin-ante.
Rungen.SeeRingen.
Rym.SeeRim.
SalforShall, 628.
SameforShame, 1941. V. Jam.
Samen,adv.S. together, 467, 979, 1717, &c. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br. So also in Sc. V. Jam.
Samened,part. pa.S. assembled, united, 2890. Web., R. Br. p. 2.
Sare,adv.S. sore, sorrowfully, 401.
Sat,pa. t.S. opposed, 2567.SeeAtsitte. In Sc. isSit,Sist, to stop, from Lat.sistere. V. Jam.
Sautres,n. pl.Fr. Lat. Psalters, Hymns for the Office of the Dead, 244.
Sawe,written forsa we, i.e. say we, 338.
Sawe, Sawen, Say.SeeSe.
Sayse,v.B. Lat. to seise, give seisin or livery of land, 251, 2518.Seysed,pa. t.seised, 2931,part. pa.2513. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 309.
Scabbed, Skabbed,adj.S. Lat. scabby, scurvy, 2449, 2505.
Scaþe,n.S. harm, injury, 1352.Scaþes,pl.269. R. Br., V. Gl.Skaith, Sc. V. Jam.
Sche, Scho, Sho,pron.S. she, 112, 126, 649, 1721, &c.
SchifteforShrift, absolution, 1829.
Schoten, Shoten,pa. t. pl.S. shot, cast, 1838, 1864.Scuten, 2431.
[Shoten, in l. 1838, meansrushed,darted,flew.]
Schulle,n.a plaice, 759. Sw.skolla, a plaice.SeeColeridge’s Glossarial Index.
Se (theS.art.) the, but perhaps a mistake of the scribe, l. 534, as it is not elsewhere used.
Se,n.S. sea, 535, &c.;gen.seis, 321.
Se, Sen,v.S. to see, 1021, 1273, &c.Sest,pr. t. 2 p.seest, 534.Sen,pr. t. pl.see, 168, 1217.Sawe,Sowe,pa. t.saw, 1182, 1323.Say, 881.Sawen,Sowen,pa. t. pl.957, 1055, 2255.Sene,part. pa.656.
Seckes,n. pl.S. sacks, 2019.
Segges,n. pl.Fr. [seches] 896. In Cotgr. theSecheis explained the Sound, or Cuttle fish. TheSeches de Coutancewere held in the highest estimation. V. Le Grand.Seealso Jam. v.Sye.
Sei,v.SeeSeyen.
Seis.SeeSe.
Seken,v.S. to seek, 1629. The reading is confirmed by an old poem in MS. Digb. 86.
Sire, we benknizttesfer i-fare,For tosechenwide-ware.
Sire, we benknizttesfer i-fare,
For tosechenwide-ware.
La vie seint Eustace, qui out noun Placidas.
Selcouth,n.S. wonder, strange thing, 124, 1059.Selcuth, 2119. It was in all probability originallyanadj.asSelkuth. Strange, wonderful, 1284.
Sele,n.S. seal, 755.
Seli,adj.S. simple, harmless, 477, 499. R. Gl., Chauc.
Selthe,n.S. success, 1338. A.S.sélð. [Cf.selehðeinLaȝam.l. 25136, and seeselehðein Stratmann’s Dictionary of Old English. The line seems to be a proverb, and the meaning is— “Rest and success are companions.” Goldborough tells him to avoid delay, since rest may accompany success, but cannot precede it.]
Sembling,n.Fr. assembling, 1018. It may also be compared with the Su.-G.samlung, conventus.
Semes,pr. t.in the phrase,hire semes= it beseems her, it becomes her, 2916.Semede,pa. t.was suitable, was fit, 976. SeeSeemin Wedgwood.
Sen, Sene.SeeSe.
Sendes,pr. t.sendeth, sends, 2392.Sende,pa. t.sent, 136, &c.
Serf-borw,n.S. surety, pledge, 1667. In MS. Soc. Antiq. No. 60, known by the name ofThe Black Book of Peterborough, is an instrument in which many names both of Saxon and Danish origin appear as theBorhhanda, or Sureties, otherwise calledFestermen. See Jam. and the Glossaries, for further examples.
Serganz,n. pl.Fr. attendants, officers, 2088, 2091, 2116.Sergaunz, 1929, 2361, 2371.Seriaunz, 2066. V. Spelm. in v.Servientes, and Hickes, Thes. T. i. p. 148.
Serges.SeeCerges.
Serk,n.S. shirt, 603. Emare, 501. R. Br.
Seruen,v.S. to serve, 1230.
Seruede,pa. t.S. deserved, 1914. Web. M. R. So in Sc. V. Jam.
Sest.SeeSe.
Sette,v.S. to set, descend, 2671.
Sette,pa. t.S. set, placed, 2405; appointed, 2571.Setten,pa. t. pl.set, 1211.Sette,part. pa.set, placed, 2612.
Seyen,v.S. to say, 2886.Seyst,pr. t. 2 p.sayest, 2008.Seyde,pa. t. 3 p.said, 117, &c.Seyden,pa. t. pl.said, 376, 1213.Seyden, have said, 456.Sey,part. pa.said, 2993.
Seysed.SeeSayse.
Seyst.SeeSeyen.
Seyt,pr. t. s.put forsey it, i.e. say it; or else put forseyth, i.e. say, 647. So in Sir Tr. p. 117,
For mani menseytay whare.
For mani menseytay whare.
Shaltou, shalt thou, 1800.Shaltow, 1322.Shaltu, 2180, 2186, 2882, 2901.
Shamelike,adv.S. shamefully, disgracefully, 2825.Schamliche, Sir Tr. p. 93.
Shankes,n. pl.S. legs, 1903.Sconke, Laȝam. l. 15215.SeeRits. A. S. p. 16, and Diss. p. xxxi.Schankis, Sc. V. Jam.
Shar,pa. t.S. share, cut, 1413. So in Am. and Amil. 2298, Her throtes heschar atvo.
Shauwe, Shawe,v.S. to shew, 2206, 2784.Sheu, 1401.
Shel, Sheld,n.S. shield, 489, 624, 1653, &c.
Shende,v.S. to ruin, destroy, 1422. Bevis of H. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 99. Chauc.Shent,pa. t.shamed, disgraced, 2749;part. pa.shend, 2845. The more common sense of this verb is the latter. V. Jam.
Shere. Clearly miswritten forshe were, 1250.
Sheu.SeeShauwe.
Shides,n. pl.S. It here expresses pieces of wood cleft at the end, 917. In Doug. Virg.Schidesignifies a billet of wood, 223, 10;or a chip, splinter, 207, 8. So inRauf Coilzear, st. 39, Schaftes of schene wode they scheueride inschides. So also in P. Pl. The word is preserved in Lanc. This custom of skinning eels by inserting the head in a cleft stick, is still practised, we are informed, in the fish markets.
Shir,adj.S. bright, 588, 916, 1253, &c.
Shireue,n.S. sheriff, 2286.Shireues,pl.266.
Sho,pron.SeeSche.
Sho,v.S. to shoe, 1138.
Shof,pa. t.S. shoved, pushed, 871, 892.
Shol,1 p. s.(if I) shall, 1782.Sal, I shall, 628.Shole,pl.shall, 562, 645, 1788.Shul, 328.Sholen, 621, 1127, 1230, &c.Shulen, 731, 747, &c.Shoren(so in MS.), 1640.Sule, shall ye, will ye, 2419.Shude, I should, 1079.Sholdest, shouldst, 2712.Sholden,pl.1020, 1195.Shulden, 941.
Sholdre,n.S. shoulder, 2738.Shuldre, 604, 1262.Shudre-blade, 2644.Sholdres,pl.shoulders, 1647, 1818.Shuldren, 982.
Shon,n. pl.S. shoes, 860, 969.
Shop,qu.Shok, shook, struck, destroyed, 1101. But Sewel gives Du.schoppen, to strike. Cf. Eng.chop.
Shotshipe, n. S. [scot, symbolum,scipe, societas] An assembly of persons who pay pecuniary contribution or reckoning, 2099.
For al Sikelines quidenSotscipeheo heolden,And swa longe swa beoð æuere,Ne scal hit stonde næuere.
For al Sikelines quiden
Sotscipeheo heolden,
And swa longe swa beoð æuere,
Ne scal hit stonde næuere.
Laȝam.l. 23177.
Cf.sotschipes,pl.in Leg. of St. Kath. MS. Cott. Tit. D 18, fol. 144b.SeeNares,v.Shot-clog.
Shrede,n.S. a fragment, piece cut off, 99. [As it was given off the “board,” to “feed the poor,” it must mean a piece of bread or meat. Correct “shrede= clothing” in Coleridge’s Glossarial Index.]
Shres,n.S. shears, 857.
Shride,v.S. to clothe (himself), 963.Shrid,part. pa.clothed, 978.
Shriue, Shriuen,v.S. to confess, make confession, 362, 2598.Shriue,Shriuen,part. pa.364, 2489.
Shrud,n.S. clothing, 303.
Shude, Shul, Shulen.SeeShol.
Shuldre, Shuldren.SeeSholdre.
Shuldreden,pa. t. pl.S. shouldered, 1056.
Sibbe,adj.S. related, allied, 2277. Sir Tr. p. 44.SeeFremde.
Siden,n. pl.S. sides, 371.
Sike,v.S. to sigh, 291.
Siking,n.S. sighing, 234.
Sikerlike,adv.S. surely, 422, 625, 2301, 2707, 2871.Sikerly, Sir Tr. p. 35, &c.
Sikernesse,n.S. surety, security, 2856. R. Glouc., R. Br., Chauc.
Simenels,n. pl.Fr. 779, a finer sort of bread, “q. asimilah. e. puriori farinæ parte.”Spelm.Assis. pan. 51 Hen. III.Symnellusvero de quadrante ponderabit 2 sol. minus quam Wastellum. It elsewhere appears to be a sort of cake, or cracknel. So in theCrieries de Paris, v. 163, Chaudes tartes etsiminiaus. V. Nares in v.
Sinne,n.S. fault, 1976.Ne for loue ne for sinne, 2375.Wolde he nouth for sinne lette, 2627. Traces of this phrase may be elsewhere found:
Neyther forlovenor yet foraweLyuinge man none than they saw.
Neyther forlovenor yet forawe
Lyuinge man none than they saw.
Sir Degore, c. iv.
Maboun and LybeauusFaste togedere hewes,And stentefor no synne.
Maboun and Lybeauus
Faste togedere hewes,
And stentefor no synne.
Ly Beaus Desc.1957.
Sire, Syre,n.Fr. The term in ll. 310, 1229, is used not only to express respect, but command. A parallel passage is in R. Cœur de L. 2247. It simply meansSir, ll. 909, 2009.
Site,v.S. to sit, 2809.Sittes,pr. t. 2 p.sittest, 1316.Sitten,pr. t. pl.sit, 2098.Site on knes, i.e. kneel, 2708.
Siþe, Siþen,adv.S. then, afterwards, after, 399, 472, 1414, 1814, 1988, &c.
Siþe,n.S. time, 1052.Siþe,Siþes,pl.213, 778, 1737, 2189.Syþe,Syþes, 2162, 2843. Sir Tr. p. 55, &c.
Sket,adv.quickly, soon, 1926, 1960, 2303, 2493, 2513, 2574, 2736, 2839. Sir Tr. pp. 36, 40, &c.; Ly Beaus Desc. 484; K. Alisaund. 3047; R. Cœur de L. 806; Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. i. p. 228. [Icel.skjótt, quickly, fromskjótr, quick, swift. The adj. is still preserved in the surname SkeatorSkeet.]
Skirming,n.Fr. skirmishing, 2323. Web. M. R.SeeNote on l. 2320.
Slawe, Slawen.SeeSlo.
Slenge,v.S. to sling, cast out, 2435.Slenget,part. pa.slung, 1923.
Slepes,pr. t. 2 p.sleepest, 1283.
Sleie, Sley,adj.skilful, expert, 1084, 2116. Sir Tr. pp. 23, 28; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 296; Emare, 67; R. Glouc. p. 350; Barb. xix. 179; Doug. 137, 12. Jamieson derives it from Su.-G.slug, Isl.slægr. Cf. Sw.slug.
Slike,adv. or perhaps adj.smoothly, or smooth, 1157. “Slyke, or smothe.Lenis.” Prompt. Parv.
Slo,n.S. sloe, berry, 849, 2051.
Slo,v.S. to slay, 512, 1364, 1412, &c.Slou, 2543.Slos,pr. t. 2 p.slayest, 2706.Slos,imp. pl.strike ye, 2596.Slou,Slow,pa. t.slew, 501; struck, 2633.Slowe,Slowen,pa. t. pl.slew, 2414, 2427, 2432; struck, fought, 2683.Slawe,Slawen,part. pa.slain, 1803, 1928, 2000, &c. In l. 2747 (as in 2596, 2633, 2683) it has only the sense ofstruck, wounded, agreeably to the signification of the original word,sleán,sleáhan, Cædere, ferire.
Smerte,adj. pl.S. painful, 2055.
Smerte,v.S. to smart, 2647.
Smot,pa. t.S. smote, 2654.
So, a large tub, 933. SeeSoin Halliwell. Dan.saa, a pail.
So,conj.S. as, 279, 349,et pass.
Softe,adj.S. of a mild disposition, 991.
Softe,adv.S. gently, 2618.
Somdel,adj.S. somewhat, in some measure, 240.Sumdel, 450, 497, 1054, 2306, 2950. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.
Sond,n.S. sand, 708, 735.
Sone,n.S. son, 660, 839.Sones,pl.2980.
Sone,adv.S. soon, 78, &c.; so soon as, 1354.
Sor,n.S. sorrow, 234.Sorwe, 1374; pain, sore, 1988.
Sor,adj.S. sore, detestable, 2229. [Perhaps it should besori.]
Sorful,adj.S. sorrowful, 151, 2541.
Sori,adj.S. sorrowful, 151, 477.
Soth, Sothe,n.S. truth, 36, 647, 2008, &c.
Soþlike,adv.S. truly, 276.
Soupe,v.Fr. to sup, 1766.
Southe,pa. t.S. sought, 1085.
Sowe, Sowen.SeeSe.
Sowel,n.victuals, 767, 1143, 2905. Properly, anything eaten with bread as a relish. SeeSoolin Halliwell. Dan.suul.
Span-newe,adj.quite new, 968. This is the earliest instance on record of the use of this word. For its disputed etymology see Jam., Nares, Todd’s Johns., and Thoms. Etymons; but especially Wedgwood’s Etym. Dict.Span= chip;Span-new, chip-new. A.S.spón. It occurs in Chauc. Troil. iii. 1671.
Sparkede,pa. t.S. sparkled, 2144.
Spede,v.S. to speed, prosper, 1634.
Speke,n.S. speech, 946.
Speke, Speken,v.S. to speak, 326, 369, 548, 1070, &c.Spak,pa. t.spoke, 2389, 2968.Speken,part. pa.spoken, 2369.
Spelle,n.S. story, relation, 338. K. Horn, 951.
Spelle,v.S. to relate, tell forth, 15, 2530.
SpenforSpent, 1819.
Sperd, Sperde,part. pa.S. barred, bolted, 414, 448. Still common in the North. V. Brockett.
Spille,v.S. to perish, 2422.Oflimes spille, 86, suffer the loss of limbs. K. Horn, 202. Web., Chauc.
Spired,part. pa.S. speered, inquired, 2620. V. Jam. in v.
Spore,n.S. spur, 2569.
Sprauleden,pa. t. pl.S. sprawled, 475.
Sprong,pa. t.S. sprung, 959.Seethe Note.Sprongen, 869.Sprungen,part. pa.risen, 1131.
Sprote,n.S. sprout, 1142. A.S.sprote, a sprig, sprout.
Spuse, Spusen,v.S. to espouse, marry, 1123, 1170, 2875.Spusede,pa. t. pl.espoused, 2887.Spused,part. pa.1175, 2928.Spuset, 1266.
Spusing,n.S. espousals, marriage, 1164, 1177, 2886.
Stac,n.S. 814. [This I believe to mean simply a stack, or heap, like the Dan.stak, Sw.stack. I add Sir F. Madden’s note in the edition of 1828.] A stack, or, more properly,stickof fish, a term applied to eels when strung on a row, ‘sic dicta, quod trajecta vimine (quodsticdicimus) connectebantur.’Spelm.Asticaconsisted of 25 eels, and 10Sticæmade aBinde. Glanv. lib. 2, c. 9.
Stalworþi, Stalworþe, Stalwrthe, adj. S. strong, valiant, courageous, 24, 904, 1027, &c.Stalworþeste,sup.25.
Stan-ded,adj.S. dead as a stone, completely dead, 1815.Stille als a ston, 928. Cf. K. of Tars, 549; Erle of Tol. 754; Launfal, 357.SeeGl. toPartenay.
Star,n.Icel. a species of sedge, 939. Icel.stör; Sw.starr; Dan.stær.Seethe Note.
Stareden,pt. t. pl.1037.Probably miswritten forStradden, contended. Cf. Su.-Goth. and Sw.strida, to contend.
Starinde,part. pr.staring, 508.
Stark,adj.S. stiff, stout, strong, 341, 380, 608, &c. V. Jam. in v.
Stede,n.S. steed, horse, 10, &c.
Stede,n.S. place, 142, 744.Stedes,pl.1846.
Stem,n.S. a ray of light, beam, 591. It is equivalent toGlem, l. 2122.
Therewith he blinded them so close,Astimethey could not see.
Therewith he blinded them so close,
Astimethey could not see.
R. Hood,I.112.
Cf. Brockett’s Gl. in v.Stime.
Sternes,n. pl.stars, 1809.Ageyn þe sternes= exposed to the sky, or to the open air.
Stert,n.S. leap, 1873. Chaucer hasat a stertfor immediately, C. T. 1707.
Stert,n.S. [steort, cauda] tail, 2323.Startis still retained in the North.
Steuene,n.S. voice, 1275.
Sti,n.S. road, way, 2618. Sir Tr. p. 192; Yw. and Gaw. 599; Emare, 196; Sevyn Sages, 712; R. Br. Chaucer usesstilein the same sense, C. T. 12628, and Minot, p. 5, in both which passages the respective Editors have made the same mistake in explaining it. [Cf. G.steg, a pass.]
Stille,adj.S. quiet, 955, 2309.
Stille,adv.S. in a low voice, secretly, 2997. Sir Tr. p. 55; K. Horn, 315.
Stirt, Stirte,pa. t.S. started, leaped, 398, 566, 873, 1049, &c.Stirte,Stirten,pa. t. pl.started, hurried, 599, 1964, 2609. Derived by Skinner from S.astirian, movere, by Jam. from Teut.steerten, volare.SeeAstirte. Cf. G.stürzen; and seeStartin Wedgwood.
Stith,n.S. anvil, 1877. Chauc. Still provincial. V. Moore, and Brockett.
Stiward,n.S. steward, 666.
Stonden,n.S. to stand, 689.Stondes,pr. t. 3 p.standeth, stands, 2240, 2983.Stod,pa. t.stood, 591, 679.Stoden,pa. t. pl.1037.
Stor,adj.S. hardy, stout, 2383. Laȝam. l. 9126; Yw. and Gaw. 1297; Chron. of Engl. 464; Sq. of Lowe D. 658; Ly Beaus Desc. 1766.Steir,Sture, Sc. ap. Jam. Cf. Sw.stor.
Stra,n.S. straw, 315, 466. A.S.streow,streaw. Cf.Strie.
Strenes,pr. t. 3 p.S. begets, 2983. Fromstreónan, gignere. Cf. K. Alisaund. 7057.
Strie,n.a straw, 998.SeeStra.
Strout,n.dispute, contention, 1039. Cf. A.S.strúdan, andStrotherin Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.
Stroute,v.S. to make a disturbance, 1779. Bosworth explains A.S.strúdan,strútian, as having originally the sense to bustle about.
Stunde,n.S. short space of time, 2614. V. Gl. to R. Glouc.SeeVmbestonde.
Sturgiun, Sturgun,n.sturgeon, 753, 1727. Cf. Sw.stör, Dan.stör.
Suere, Suereth.SeeSweren.
Suete,adj.S. sweet, 1388. Cf. l. 2927.
Sueyn, Sweyn,n.S. swain, villain, 343, 1328, &c.Sweynes,pl.371, 2195. It is generally used in opposition toknight.
Svich,adj.S. such, 60.
Suilk,adj.such (things), 644.SeeSwilk.
Sule.SeeShol.
Sumdel.SeeSomdel.
Sunne-bem,n.S. sun-beam, 592, 2123.
Swerd,n.S. sword, 1759, &c.Swerdes,pl.1769, 2659.
Sweren,v.S. to swear, 494.Suereth,pr. t. s.swear, 647.Swor,pa. t.swore, 398, 2367.Suere,pr. subj. 2 p. s.388.
Swike,n.S. deceiver, traitor, 423, 551, 626, 1158, 2401, 2451, &c.Swikes,pl.2834, 2990. Laȝam. l. 12942; R. Gl. p. 105.
Swikel,adj.S. deceitful, 1108.
For alle þine witienBeoð swiðeswikele.
For alle þine witien
Beoð swiðeswikele.
Laȝam.l. 15848.
Hoe beth ofswikelekunneTher mide the witherwinne.
Hoe beth ofswikelekunne
Ther mide the witherwinne.
The sawe of Seint Bede, MS. Digb. 86.
He wassuikel, fals, ant fel.
He wassuikel, fals, ant fel.
Chron. of Engl.791.
Swilen,v.S. [swilian, Ps. vi. 6] to wash, 919. It occurs also in Rob. of Brunne’sHandling Sinne, l. 5828. Still provincial.
Swilk,adj.S. such, 1118, 1625, 2123, 2684, 2783.Suilk, 644.
Swinge,v.S. to beat, chastise (usedpassively), 214.Swngen,part. pa.beaten, 226. Laȝam. l. 21070. So inSyr Bevys, C. ii. All at ones on him theyswonge. In the North the verb retains the same meaning; v. Brockett.
Swink,n.S. labour, 770, 801, 2456.
Swinken,v.S. to labour, 798.Swank,pa. t.laboured, 788.
Swire,n.S. neck, 311. Formerly in universal use, and still preserved in the provinces.
Swiþe, Swyþe,adv.S. very, exceedingly, 110, 217, 341. Quickly, 140, 682, 690;ful swithe, 2436, appears a pleonasm.Swithe forth and rathe, quickly forth, and soon, 2594.
Swot,n.S. sweat, perspiration, 2662. The word has the same meaning in Cædmon, f. 24, ed. Thorpe, p. 31, l. 8, which seems to contradict Mr Price’s assertion to the contrary, in Warton’s Hist. Engl. Poetr. p. lxxi., ed. 1840.
Swngen.SeeSwinge.
Syre.SeeSire.
Syþe, Syþes.SeeSiþe.
Syþe,n.S. scythe, 2553, 2699.
Tabour,n.Fr. tabor, 2329.
Tale,n.S. number, 2026.
Taleuaces,n. pl.Fr. large shields, 2323.Seethe Note on l. 2320.
Tarst (so inMS.), 2688; almost certainly an error forfaste, which appears in the next line. Also, the movements of Godard are compared to the course of lightning.
Tauhte,pt. s.committed, 2214, probably an error forbitauhte.SeeBitaken.
Tel,n.S. deceit, reproach, 191, 2219. A.S.tálu.
Telle,v.S. to count, number, 2615.Told,part. pa.numbered, esteemed, 1036.
Tene,n.S. grief, affliction, 729.
Tere,v.S. to tar (used passively), 707.
Teth,n. pl.S. teeth, 2406.
Teyte,adj.S. 1841, 2331. [Explained “lively” by Coleridge, Stratmann, and Morris, as if from Icel.teitr, hilaris. This I believe to be completely wrong. The word occurs in Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 871, with reference totightlasses, and in l. 1841 of Havelok we have a reference totightlads. In l. 2331 it may also meanflawless, staunch. “Theet,adj.water-tight. O.N.þiettrorþéttr, densus, solidus. O.Sw.thæter, Sw. Dial,tjettortjætt, Dan.tætt, Germ.dicht. Ihre gives . . . .ett tätt fat, a flawless vessel. ‘Thyht, hool fro brekynge, not brokyn.Integer,solidus. Prompt. Parv.’” Atkinson’s Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.]
[Teytemay meanlively. My explanation is not generally accepted.]SeeEndnote.
Þa,written forþat, 175.
Þan, Þanne,adv.S. then, 51, 1044, &c.; when, 226, 248,et sæpius; than if (quàm), 944, 1867.
Þar,adv.where (?) 130.Seethe Note; and cf.Þer.
Þare,adv.S. there, 2481, 2739. Cf. þer, þore.
Þarne,v.to lose, be deprived of, 2492, 2835.Þarnes,pr. t.wants, is deprived of, 1913.Þarned the ded, 1687; [clearly miswritten forþoled þe ded, suffered death. The scribe was thinking ofþarned þe lif; cf. l. 2492.] The verb only exists in the Sax. in the pt. t.þærnode, Chron. Sax. p. 222, ed. Gibs., which is derived by Lye from the Cimbr.At thuerna, orthorna, diminui, privari. V. Hickes Thes.I.p. 152. [I.e. it is from the root of the Sw.tarfva, Icel.thurfa, Goth.thaurban, with thefdropped, andwith the addition of thepassiveorneuterinfinitive-ending denoted by-ne, like-nain Sw.,-nanin Mœso-Gothic. Seeþarrnennin Gl. to Ormulum.]
Þas,readWas, 1129. [As þ at the beginning of a word is never put fort, it is not = Sc.tas, takes, as some have suggested.]
Þaue, v. S. [þafian] to grant, 296; bear, sustain, 2696. Ormulum, 5457.
Thayn,n.S. nobleman, 2184.Thein, 2466.Thaynes,pl.2260.Theynes, 2194.SeeKayn.
Þe,n.S. thigh, 1950.Þhe, 1984.Þes,pl.1903.Þhes, 2289.
Þe,adv.S. (written forþer), there, 142, 476, 863, 933.Þe with, therewith, 639.SeeÞer.
Þe,conj.S. though, 1682.Þei, 1966.Þey, 807, 992, 1165, 2501.SeeÞou.
Þede,n.S. country, dwelling, 105; place, 2890. Web., Le Bone Flor. 246. R. Br. p. 18. V. Jam.
Þef,n.S. thief, 2434.Þeues,pl.1780.
Þei,pron.S. they, 1020, 1195, &c.
Þei, Þey,conj.though.SeeÞe.
Þenke,pr. subj.S. think, 2394.Þenkeste,pr. t. 2 p.thinkest thou, 578.
Þenne,adv.S. thence, 1185. [Perhaps in l. 777, we should put the comma afterþenne; “when he came thence,” &c.]
Þer,adv.S. where, 318, 448, &c.; there,passim; the place whence, 1740.Þerinne, therein, 535, &c.Þerhinne, 322.Þerof,Þeroffe, thereof, 372, 466, 1068, &c.Þerþoru, by that means, 1098.Þertil,Þerto, thereto, 396, 1041, 1045.Þerwit,Þerwith, therewith, 1031, 1046.SeeÞe,Þore.
Þere,pron.S. their, 1350.
ÞerlforÞe erl, the earl, 178.
Þertekene, 2878. [Coleridge’s Glossarial Index has “Thertekene = mark thereto. A.S.tácnian.” But this is a very awkward phrase, and I should prefer to supposeþer-tekene= by the token, i.e. in token.Tekeneanswers to the Sw.tecken, a token; andþeris found as a prefix inP. Plowmanin the phr.þer-while=þe while, i.e. in the time that. The only difficulty is thatþeris properly feminine (A.S.þære), whilstteckenin Sw. andtácenin A.S. are neuter.In tokne(= in token) occurs in Shoreham’s poems, ed. Wright, 131.]
Þet,conj.S. that (quòd), 330.
Þet,pron.S. that, 879.
Þeþe, Þeþen,adv.S. thence, 2498, 2629.
Þeu, Þewe,n.S. in a servile condition or station, 262, 2205. R. Gl.
Þewes,n. pl.S. manners, 282. Laȝam., Rits. M. R., Web., P. Plowm., Chauc., Gl. Lynds., Percy, A. R.
Þi.SeeForþi.
ÞiforÞy, thy, 2725.
Þider,adv.S. thither, 850, 1012, 1021, &c.
Þigge, v. S. [þicgan] to beg, 1373. This word is chiefly preserved in the Sc. writers. Wall. ii. 259; Doug. Virg. 182, 37; Evergreen, ii. 199; Bannatyne Poems, p. 120, V. Jam. in v., who derives it from Su.-G.tigga, Alem.thigen, petere. [Seetiggain Ihre. “Thyggynge or beggynge,Mendicacio.” Prompt. Parv.]
Þisforþise, these, 1145.
Þisternesse,n.S. darkness, 2191.
Dalden from þan fihteAl biþusterenihte.
Dalden from þan fihte
Al biþusterenihte.
Laȝam.l. 7567; cf.Gen. and Ex., 58.
Thit,pp.2990. [The rime shews that theiis long; and, whetherthethis sounded liket, or (which is more likely) the word should have been writtentihtortith, we may be tolerably confident that it is equivalent to the O.E.tightortiȝt, a pp. signifyingintended,purposed,designed, which is the exact sense here required. Stratmann gives five instances of it, of which one is— “To brewe the Crystene mennys banys Hy haddentyght;” Octovian, 1476.]
Þo,pron.S. those, 1918, 2044.
Þo,pron.thou.SeeÞu.
Þo,adv.S. then, 930; when, 1047.Thow, 1669.
Þore,adv.S. there, 741, 922, 1014, &c.Þortil, thereto, 1443.Þorwit, therewith, 100.SeeÞe,Þer.
Þoru,adv.S. through, 627, 774, 848, &c.Þoruth, 1065, 2786.Þorw, 264, 367, 2646.Þuruth, 52.
Þoruthlike,adv.S. throughly, 680.
Þou,conj.S. though, 124, 299, &c.Þo, 1020.SeeÞe.
Þoucte,pa. t.S. thought, 504, 507, &c.Þouthte, 1073.Þowthe, 1869.Þouthe, 1166.Þat god thoucte, 256, that seemed good. Cf. Sir Tr. pp. 30, 36. And so in MS. Vernon, Bodl.
Riche metes was forth brouhtTo all menthat gode thouht.
Riche metes was forth brouht
To all menthat gode thouht.
Disp. betw. a Crystene mon and a Jew, f. 301.
[Or, if we read “þat godhimþoucte,” this would mean “that seemed goodto him;” cf. l. 197.]
Þouth,n.S. thought, 122, 1190.
Þral,n.S. slave, villain, 527, 684, 1097, 1158, 2564, 2589. In an opprobious sense, 1408. Sir Tr. p. 175.
Þrawe,n.S. space of time, moment, 276, 1215. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Doug. Virg.Þrow, Chauc., Gower, &c.
Þredde, Þridde,adj.S. third, 867, 2633.
Þrette,pa. t.S. threatened, 1163.
Þrie, 730. [In the former edition it is glossed “trouble, affliction; apparently the same asTrayorTreye;” cf. A.S.tréga. But this renders the construction difficult, nor is it clear thattreyeandþriecan be identified. Without doubt, the usual meaning ofþrieisthrice, which is easily construed, only it remains to be shewn whythriceshould be introduced; unless perhaps it signifiesin a threefold degree.]
Þrinne,num.S. three, 716, 761, 1977, 2091.
Þrist, Þristen,v.S. to thrust, 1152, 2019, 2725.Þrist,part. pa.thrust, 638.
Þu,pron.S. thou, 527, &c.Þou, 527, &c.Þo, 388.Þw(readþat þwinstead ofþw that?), 1316.Tow, 1322.Tu, 2903. It is often joined to the verb which precedes, asShaltow,Wiltu, &c. Thegen.isþin, 1128; theacc.isþe, 529.
Þurte,pt. t. s.need, might, 10. [It answers to the A.S.þurfan,pt. t.ic þorfte, Icel.þurfa,pt. t.þurfti, Mœso-Goth.þaurban,pt. t.þaurfta.SeeOrmulum, l. 16164, and Sir F. Madden’s note toþortin Gl. toWill. of Palerne.]
Þuruth.SeeÞoru.
ÞusforÞis, 785, 2586. (In comp.þus-gate.)
Tid,n.S. time, hour, 2100.
Til,prep.S. to, 141, 762, 864, &c.SeeIntil,Þertil.
Til,v.S. to tell, 1348.
Tilled,part. pa.S. obtained, acquired (lit. drawn, taken), 438. V. Gl. R. Br. in v.tille, and see quotation underGoddot.
Tinte,pa. t.S. lost, 2023. Sir Tr. p. 104. V. Jam.
Tirneden,pa. t. pl.S. turned, 603.
Tiþandes,n. pl.Icel. tidings, 2279.
To-, in composition with verbs, is usually augmentative, or has the force of the Lat.dis-.To-brised,part. pa.very much bruised, 1950. (SeeBrisen.)To-cruhsse,inf.crush in pieces, 1992.To-deyle,inf.divide, 2099. (SeeDeled.)To-drawen,part. pa.dragged or pulled to death, 2001. (SeeDrou.)To-frusshe,inf.break in pieces, 1993.To-hewen,part. pa.hewn in pieces, 2001.To-riuen,part. pa.tornorriven in pieces, 1953.To-rof,pa. t.burst open, 1792.To-shiuere,inf.shiver in pieces, 1993.To-shiuered,part. pa.shivered to pieces, 2667.To-tere,inf.tear in pieces, 1839.To-torn,part. pa.torn in pieces, 1948, 2021.To-tusede,part. pa.entirely rumpled or tumbled, 1948. In one case only we find it to be merely the prep.toin composition; viz. inTo-yede,pa. t.went to, 765. (SeeYede.) [Seenote on this prefix in Gloss. toWilliam of Palerne.]
To,adv.S. too, 303, 689, 691, &c.
To,n.S. toe, 1743, 1847, &c.Tos,pl.898, 2163.
To,num.S. two, 2664.
To,prep.follows its case in ll. 197, 325, 526.
To-frusshe,v.Fr. [froisser] to dash or break in pieces, 1993.