[8]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Smith.
[8]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Smith.
[9]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[9]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[10]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[10]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[11]Robertson.
[11]Robertson.
[12]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[12]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[13]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[13]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[14]Stith. Smith.
[14]Stith. Smith.
[15]Stith.
[15]Stith.
[16]Stith.
[16]Stith.
[17]Stith.
[17]Stith.
[18]Ibid.
[18]Ibid.
[19]This error might very possibly be produced by the Indians representing the great western lakes as seas.
[19]This error might very possibly be produced by the Indians representing the great western lakes as seas.
[20]Dr. Robertson must allude to the country below the falls of the great rivers.
[20]Dr. Robertson must allude to the country below the falls of the great rivers.
[21]Robertson. Chalmer.
[21]Robertson. Chalmer.
[22]Charter.
[22]Charter.
[23]Stith.
[23]Stith.
[24]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[24]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[25]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[25]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[26]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[26]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[27]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[27]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[28]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[28]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith. Beverly.
[29]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[29]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[30]Robertson.
[30]Robertson.
[31]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[31]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[32]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[32]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[33]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[33]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[34]Mr. Stith says the price for a wife was at first, one hundred, and afterwards, one hundred and fifty pounds of tobacco; and a debt so contracted was made of higher dignity than any other.
[34]Mr. Stith says the price for a wife was at first, one hundred, and afterwards, one hundred and fifty pounds of tobacco; and a debt so contracted was made of higher dignity than any other.
[35]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[35]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[36]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[36]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[37]Ibid.
[37]Ibid.
[38]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[38]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[39]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[39]Robertson. Chalmer. Stith.
[40]Robertson. Chalmer.
[40]Robertson. Chalmer.
[41]Robertson. Chalmer.
[41]Robertson. Chalmer.
[42]Idem.
[42]Idem.
[43]Robertson. Chalmer.
[43]Robertson. Chalmer.
[44]Chalmer. Robertson.
[44]Chalmer. Robertson.
[45]Chalmer.
[45]Chalmer.
[46]Chalmer.
[46]Chalmer.
[47]Robertson.
[47]Robertson.
[48]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[48]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[49]Robertson.
[49]Robertson.
[50]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[50]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[51]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[51]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[52]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[52]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[53]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[53]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[54]Robertson.
[54]Robertson.
[55]Robertson.
[55]Robertson.
[56]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[56]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[57]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[57]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[58]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[58]Robertson. Chalmer. Hutchison.
[59]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[59]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[60]Hutchison.
[60]Hutchison.
[61]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[61]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[62]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[62]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[63]Hume.
[63]Hume.
[64]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[64]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[65]Chalmer.
[65]Chalmer.
[66]All the powers of government for nearly three years, seem to have been in the magistrates. Two were appointed in each town, who directed all the affairs of the plantation. The freemen appear to have had no voice in making the laws, or in any part of the government except in some instances of general and uncommon concern. In these instances committees were sent from the several towns to a general meeting. During this term, juries seem not to have been employed in any case.
[66]All the powers of government for nearly three years, seem to have been in the magistrates. Two were appointed in each town, who directed all the affairs of the plantation. The freemen appear to have had no voice in making the laws, or in any part of the government except in some instances of general and uncommon concern. In these instances committees were sent from the several towns to a general meeting. During this term, juries seem not to have been employed in any case.
[67]Chalmer. Hutchison. Trumbull.
[67]Chalmer. Hutchison. Trumbull.
[68]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[68]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[69]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[69]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[70]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[70]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[71]Hutchison.
[71]Hutchison.
[72]This was an union, says Mr. Trumbull, of the highest consequence to the New England colonies. It made them formidable to the Dutch and Indians, and respectable among their French neighbours. It was happily adapted to maintain harmony among themselves, and to secure the rights and peace of the country. It was one of the principal means of the preservation of the colonies, during the civil wars, and unsettled state of affairs in England. It was the great source of mutual defence in Philip's war; and of the most eminent service in civilising the Indians, and propagating the Gospel among them. The union subsisted more than forty years, until the abrogation of the charters of the New England colonies by King James II.
[72]This was an union, says Mr. Trumbull, of the highest consequence to the New England colonies. It made them formidable to the Dutch and Indians, and respectable among their French neighbours. It was happily adapted to maintain harmony among themselves, and to secure the rights and peace of the country. It was one of the principal means of the preservation of the colonies, during the civil wars, and unsettled state of affairs in England. It was the great source of mutual defence in Philip's war; and of the most eminent service in civilising the Indians, and propagating the Gospel among them. The union subsisted more than forty years, until the abrogation of the charters of the New England colonies by King James II.
[73]Chalmer. Hutchison. Trumbull.
[73]Chalmer. Hutchison. Trumbull.
[74]Chalmer.
[74]Chalmer.
[75]Ibid.
[75]Ibid.
[76]In the subsequent year Parliament exempted New England from all taxes "until both houses should otherwise direct;" and, in 1646, all the colonies were exempted from all talliages except the excise, "provided their productions should be exported only in English bottoms."
[76]In the subsequent year Parliament exempted New England from all taxes "until both houses should otherwise direct;" and, in 1646, all the colonies were exempted from all talliages except the excise, "provided their productions should be exported only in English bottoms."
[77]Hutchison.
[77]Hutchison.
[78]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[78]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[79]Hutchison.
[79]Hutchison.
[80]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[80]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[81]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[81]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[82]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[82]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[83]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[83]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[84]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[84]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[85]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[85]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[86]Virginia Laws. Chalmer.
[86]Virginia Laws. Chalmer.
[87]Virginia Laws. Chalmer.
[87]Virginia Laws. Chalmer.
[88]Chalmer.
[88]Chalmer.
[89]Chalmer. Trumbull.
[89]Chalmer. Trumbull.
[90]Hutchison. Chalmer.
[90]Hutchison. Chalmer.
[91]Idem.
[91]Idem.
[92]Hutchison. Chalmer.
[92]Hutchison. Chalmer.
[93]Hutchison. Chalmer.
[93]Hutchison. Chalmer.
[94]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[94]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[95]Chalmer. Smith.
[95]Chalmer. Smith.
[96]Chalmer. Smith.
[96]Chalmer. Smith.
[97]Hutchison.
[97]Hutchison.
[98]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[98]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[99]Chalmer. History of South Carolina and Georgia.
[99]Chalmer. History of South Carolina and Georgia.
[100]Chalmer. Beverly.
[100]Chalmer. Beverly.
[101]Idem.
[101]Idem.
[102]Chalmer. Beverly.
[102]Chalmer. Beverly.
[103]Chalmer.
[103]Chalmer.
[104]From a paper in possession of the British administration, it appears that in 1673, New England was supposed to contain one hundred and twenty thousand souls, of whom sixteen thousand were able to bear arms. Three-fourths of the wealth and population of the country, were in Massachusetts and its dependencies. The town of Boston alone contained fifteen hundred families.
[104]From a paper in possession of the British administration, it appears that in 1673, New England was supposed to contain one hundred and twenty thousand souls, of whom sixteen thousand were able to bear arms. Three-fourths of the wealth and population of the country, were in Massachusetts and its dependencies. The town of Boston alone contained fifteen hundred families.
[105]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[105]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[106]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[106]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[107]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[107]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[108]Trumbull. Hutchison. Chalmer.
[108]Trumbull. Hutchison. Chalmer.
[109]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[109]Chalmer. Hutchison.
[110]Trumbull. Hutchison.
[110]Trumbull. Hutchison.
[111]Smith.
[111]Smith.
[112]Chalmer. Smith.
[112]Chalmer. Smith.
[113]Chalmer. Smith.
[113]Chalmer. Smith.
[114]History of Pennsylvania. Chalmer.
[114]History of Pennsylvania. Chalmer.
[115]Hutchison.
[115]Hutchison.
[116]Smith.
[116]Smith.
[117]Smith.
[117]Smith.
[118]Seenote No. I, at the end of the volume.
[118]Seenote No. I, at the end of the volume.
[119]Hutchison. Belknap.
[119]Hutchison. Belknap.
[120]Belknap.
[120]Belknap.
[121]The quotas assigned by the crown are as follows:To Massachusetts Bay350Rhode Island and Providence plantations48Connecticut120New York200Pennsylvania80Maryland160Virginia240-----Total, 1,198
[121]The quotas assigned by the crown are as follows:
To Massachusetts Bay350Rhode Island and Providence plantations48Connecticut120New York200Pennsylvania80Maryland160Virginia240-----Total, 1,198
[122]Belknap.
[122]Belknap.
[123]Belknap. Hutchison.
[123]Belknap. Hutchison.
[124]So early as the year 1692, the difference of opinion between the mother country and the colonies on the great point, which afterwards separated them, made its appearance. The legislature of Massachusetts, employed in establishing a code of laws under their new charter, passed an act containing the general principles respecting the liberty of the subject, that are asserted in magna charta, in which was the memorable clause, "no aid, tax, talliage, assessment, custom, benevolence, or imposition whatsoever, shall be laid, assessed, imposed, or levied, on any of his majesty's subjects or their estates, on any pretence whatsoever, but by the act and consent of the governor, council, and representatives of the people, assembled in general court."It is scarcely necessary to add that the royal assent to this act was refused.
[124]So early as the year 1692, the difference of opinion between the mother country and the colonies on the great point, which afterwards separated them, made its appearance. The legislature of Massachusetts, employed in establishing a code of laws under their new charter, passed an act containing the general principles respecting the liberty of the subject, that are asserted in magna charta, in which was the memorable clause, "no aid, tax, talliage, assessment, custom, benevolence, or imposition whatsoever, shall be laid, assessed, imposed, or levied, on any of his majesty's subjects or their estates, on any pretence whatsoever, but by the act and consent of the governor, council, and representatives of the people, assembled in general court."
It is scarcely necessary to add that the royal assent to this act was refused.
[125]History of South Carolina.
[125]History of South Carolina.
[126]Chalmer.
[126]Chalmer.
[127]Hutchison.
[127]Hutchison.
[128]Hutchison. Belknap.
[128]Hutchison. Belknap.
[129]Hutchison.
[129]Hutchison.
[130]Hutchison.
[130]Hutchison.
[131]Hutchison.
[131]Hutchison.
[132]History of South Carolina.
[132]History of South Carolina.
[133]Idem.
[133]Idem.
[134]In the same year Charleston was reduced to ashes. A large portion of its inhabitants passed, in one day, from prosperity to indigence. Under the pressure of this misfortune, the legislature applied to parliament for aid; and that body, with a liberality reflecting honour on its members, voted twenty thousand pounds, to be distributed among the sufferers.
[134]In the same year Charleston was reduced to ashes. A large portion of its inhabitants passed, in one day, from prosperity to indigence. Under the pressure of this misfortune, the legislature applied to parliament for aid; and that body, with a liberality reflecting honour on its members, voted twenty thousand pounds, to be distributed among the sufferers.
[135]About five and a half millions of dollars.
[135]About five and a half millions of dollars.
[136]Belknap.
[136]Belknap.
[137]Belknap.
[137]Belknap.
[138]It is said the secret was kept until a member who performed family devotion at his lodgings, betrayed it by praying for the divine blessing on the attempt.
[138]It is said the secret was kept until a member who performed family devotion at his lodgings, betrayed it by praying for the divine blessing on the attempt.
[139]Hutchison.
[139]Hutchison.
[140]The day before the armament sailed from Massachusetts, an express boat, which had been dispatched to admiral Warren to solicit assistance, returned with the unwelcome intelligence that he declined furnishing the aid required. This information could not arrest the expedition. Fortunately for its success, the orders from England soon afterwards reached the admiral, who immediately detached a part of his fleet; which he soon followed himself in the Superb, of sixty guns.
[140]The day before the armament sailed from Massachusetts, an express boat, which had been dispatched to admiral Warren to solicit assistance, returned with the unwelcome intelligence that he declined furnishing the aid required. This information could not arrest the expedition. Fortunately for its success, the orders from England soon afterwards reached the admiral, who immediately detached a part of his fleet; which he soon followed himself in the Superb, of sixty guns.
[141]Belknap. Hutchison.
[141]Belknap. Hutchison.
[142]Hutchison. Belknap.
[142]Hutchison. Belknap.
[143]Hutchison.
[143]Hutchison.
[144]Abbe Raynal.
[144]Abbe Raynal.
[145]The following estimate is taken from "The History of the British empire in North America," and is there said to be an authentic account from the militia rolls, poll taxes, bills of mortality, returns from governors, and other authorities.The colonies ofInhabitants.Halifax and Lunenberg in Nova Scotia5,000New Hampshire30,000Massachusetts Bay220,000Rhode Island and Providence35,000Connecticut100,000New York100,000The Jerseys60,000Pennsylvania (then including Delaware)250,000Maryland85,000Virginia85,000North Carolina45,000South Carolina30,000Georgia6,000----------Total 1,051,000The white inhabitants of the French colonies were thus estimated:The colonies ofInhabitants.Canada45,000Louisiana7,000-------Total 52,000
[145]The following estimate is taken from "The History of the British empire in North America," and is there said to be an authentic account from the militia rolls, poll taxes, bills of mortality, returns from governors, and other authorities.
The colonies ofInhabitants.Halifax and Lunenberg in Nova Scotia5,000New Hampshire30,000Massachusetts Bay220,000Rhode Island and Providence35,000Connecticut100,000New York100,000The Jerseys60,000Pennsylvania (then including Delaware)250,000Maryland85,000Virginia85,000North Carolina45,000South Carolina30,000Georgia6,000----------Total 1,051,000
The white inhabitants of the French colonies were thus estimated:
The colonies ofInhabitants.Canada45,000Louisiana7,000-------Total 52,000
[146]Minot Gazette.
[146]Minot Gazette.
[147]Seenote No. II, at the end of the volume.
[147]Seenote No. II, at the end of the volume.
[148]Minot.
[148]Minot.
[149]Minot.
[149]Minot.
[150]Minot.
[150]Minot.
[151]Minot. Belknap. Entic.
[151]Minot. Belknap. Entic.
[152]Minot. Belknap. Entic.
[152]Minot. Belknap. Entic.
[153]He was also recalled from his government.
[153]He was also recalled from his government.
[154]The northern colonies had been enabled to attend to these representations, and, in some degree to comply with the requisitions made on them, by having received from the British government, in the course of the summer, a considerable sum of money as a reimbursement for the extraordinary expenses of the preceding year. One hundred and fifteen thousand pounds sterling had been apportioned among them, and this sum gave new vigour and energy to their councils.
[154]The northern colonies had been enabled to attend to these representations, and, in some degree to comply with the requisitions made on them, by having received from the British government, in the course of the summer, a considerable sum of money as a reimbursement for the extraordinary expenses of the preceding year. One hundred and fifteen thousand pounds sterling had been apportioned among them, and this sum gave new vigour and energy to their councils.
[155]Minot. Belknap. Entic.
[155]Minot. Belknap. Entic.
[156]Fussel.
[156]Fussel.
[157]Minot.
[157]Minot.
[158]Minot. Belknap.
[158]Minot. Belknap.
[159]Minot. Belknap. Belsham. Russel.
[159]Minot. Belknap. Belsham. Russel.
[160]Letter of general Abercrombie.
[160]Letter of general Abercrombie.
[161]Minot. Belknap.
[161]Minot. Belknap.
[162]Letter of colonel Bradstreet.
[162]Letter of colonel Bradstreet.
[163]MSS.
[163]MSS.
[164]Minot. Belknap. Belsham. Russel. Entic.
[164]Minot. Belknap. Belsham. Russel. Entic.
[165]Minot. Belknap. Belsham. Russel. New York Gazette.
[165]Minot. Belknap. Belsham. Russel. New York Gazette.