Treason, Jefferson's views in 1794 and 1807,2,91;Fries trial,3,34-36;basis of constitutional limitation,349-51,402-04;necessity of actual levy of war, what constitutes,350,351,377-79,388,442,491,505-09,619;presence of accused at assembly,350,484,493-97,502,509-12,540,620-26;legal order of proof,424,425,484-87;attempt to amend law,540.Treaties, M. on constitutional power of execution, Jonathan Robins case,2,461-71;supreme law,3,17,4,156.See alsonext title.Treaty-making power, in Ratification debate,1,442,444;in contest over Jay Treaty,2,119,128,133-36,141-43.Trevettvs.Weeden,3,611.Trimble, David, attack on Supreme Court,4,395.Trimble, Robert, opinion in Ogdenvs.Saunders,4,481n.Triplett, James, and Callender trial,3,37.Tronçon, ——-, and 18th Fructidor,2,240.Troup, George M., and Yazoo claims, denunciation of M.,3,596-601.Troup, Robert on Republicans and X. Y. Z. dispatches,2,339,342;on M.'s return,344;on war preparations,357,363;on Adams's absence,431;on disruption of British-debts commission,501;on Federalist dissensions,526;on Hamilton's attack on Adams,528n.;on Morris in Judiciary debate (1802),3,71;on isolation of Burr,279n.,280n.Trumbull, Jonathan, and pardon of Williams,2,496n.Truxtun, Thomas, and Burr Conspiracy,3,302,303,614;at trial, testimony,451,458-62,488;career and grievance,458n.,462.Tucker, George, on social conditions in Virginia,1,23n., 24n.Tucker, Henry St. George, and internal improvements,4,418;counsel in Martinvs.Hunter's Lessee,161.Tucker, St. George, on British debts,1,441n.;and right of secession,3,430;and Martinvs.Hunter's Lessee,4,148n.,151n.Tucker, Thomas T., journey (1790),3,55n.Tunno, Adam, and Yazoo lands,3,566n.Tupper, Edward W., and Burr conspiracy,3,427.Turner, Thomas, sale to M.'s father,1,55.Turnervs.Fendall,3,18.Turreau, Louis M., on secession threats,4,25n.Twelfth Amendment, origin,2,533n.Tyler, Comfort, in Burr conspiracy,3,324,361,489,491;indicted for treason,466n.Tyler, John [1], in Ratification Convention: Vice-President,1,432;in the debate,440;and amendments,473,474;on Judiciary,3,28;on speculation,557n.;on M. and neutral trade controversy,4,25;appointment as District Judge, Jefferson's activity,103-06;Livingstonvs.Jefferson,111-13.Tyler, John [2], on Bank of the United States,4,289;and American Colonization Society,474,476n.;tribute to M.,476n.;in Virginia Constitutional Convention,484.Unicornincident,2,103-06.Union, M.'s early training in idea,1,9;lack of popular appreciation,285.See alsoConfederation; Continental Congress; Federal Constitution; Government; Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights; Secession.United States Oracle of the Day, on Paterson's charge,3,30n.United Statesvs.Fisher,3,162.United Statesvs.Hopkins,3,130n.United Statesvs.Hudson,3,28n.United Statesvs.Lawrence,3,129n.United Statesvs.Palmer,4,126,127.United Statesvs.Peters,3,129n.,4,18-21.United Statesvs.Ravara,3,129n.United Statesvs.Schooner Peggy,3,17,273n.United Statesvs.Worral,3,28n.Upper Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase,3,550.See alsoYazoo.Upshur, Abel P., and American Colonization Society,4,474;in Virginia Constitutional Convention,484,502n.Valentine, Edward V., on M.,4,67n.Valley Forge, army at,1,110-17,131,132;M.'s cheerful influence,117-20,132;discipline,120.Van Buren, Martin, on revolutionary action of Framers,1,323n.;on Supreme Court,4,380,452;as Jackson's adviser,532n.Van Horne's Lesseevs.Dorrance,3,612.Van Ingen, James, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, suits,4,405-09.Varnum, James M., on army at Valley Forge,1,115.Varnum, Joseph B., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807),3,348.Vassalborough, Me., and Ratification,1,341.Venuscase, M.'s dissent,4,128,129.Vermont, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions,3,105n.,106;steamboat monopoly,4,415.Vestries in colonial Virginia,1,52.Veto of State laws, Madison on necessity of Federal,1,312.See alsoDeclaring acts void.Villette, Madame de, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission,2,290;M.'s farewell to,333.Virginia, state of colonial society,1,19-28;character and influence of frontiersmen,28-31;as birthplace of statesmen,32;colonial roads,36n.;vestries,52;Convention (1775),65,66;preparation for the Revolution,69-74;battle of Great Bridge,74-78;Norfolk,78;Jefferson's services during the Revolution,128;M. in Council of State,209-12;political machine,210,2,56n.,4,146,174,485-88;suffrage and representation under first Constitution,1,217n.;religious state and controversy,220-22;and British debts,223-31;hardships of travel,259-62;classes,277,278;houses and food,280,281;drinking,281-83;paper money,296;prosperity during Confederation,306;tariff,310;attack on Constitution of 1776 (1789),2,56n.;and assumption of State debts,62-69;hostility to new government (1790),68n.;and Whiskey Insurrection,88-90;Unicornprivateer incident,103-06;election on neutrality issue (1794),106;and Jay Treaty,120,126,129;Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty,149-55;Marshall's campaign for Congress (1798),374-80,401,409-16;election methods and scenes,413-15;survey for internal improvements (1812),4,42-45;M. anticipates split,571.See alsofollowing titles; and Bank of Virginia; Cohensvs.Virginia; House of Burgesses; Legislature; Martinvs.Hunter's Lessee; Ratification.Virginia Constitutional Convention (1829-30), M. and election to,4,467;need, Jefferson and demand,468,469;suffrage problem, M.'s conservatism on in,469-71;prominent members,484;petition on suffrage,484;M.'s report on Judiciary,484,485;existing oligarchic system,485-88;extent of demand for judicial reform,488;M. as reactionary in,488,507,508;M.'s standing,489;debate on Judiciary,489-501;debate on suffrage,501-07;justification of conservatism,508.Virginia Resolutions, M. foretells,2,394;framing and adoption,399;Madison's address of the majority,400,411;M.'s address of the minority,402-06;military measure to uphold,406,408;Henry on,411;consideration in Massachusetts,3,43;Dana on,45;as Republican gospel,105-08;resolutions of Federalist States on,105n., 106n.;Madison's later explanation,557;as continued creed of Virginia,576,577.See alsoState Rights.Virginia Yazoo Company,3,553n.See alsoYazoo.Visit and search, by British vessels,2,229.See alsoImpressment; Neutral trade.Wadsworth, Peleg, and M. (1796),2,198.Wait, Thomas B., on Ratification in Pennsylvania,1,331n.,342.Waite, Morrison R., on Dartmouth College case,4,280.Waldo, Albigence, on army at Valley Forge,1,112-14,124;on prisoners of war,115.Walker, David, on Bank of the United States,4,289.Walker, Freeman, on Missouri question,4,341.War.SeeArmy; Militia; Navy; Preparedness; and wars by name.War of 1812, M.'s opposition,4,1,35-41;bibliography,8n.;demanded by second generation of statesmen,28,29;declaration,29;causes,29n.,52-55;opposition of Federalists,30,45,46,48;and M.'s candidacy for President,31-34;dependence on European war,50,51;Hartford Convention,51;direct and indirect results,56-58;finances,177,179.Warden, John, offends Virginia House,1,215.Warevs.Hylton, M.'s connection and arguments,2,186-92.Warrington, James, and Yazoo lands,3,566n.Warville, Jean P. Brissot de, on tobacco culture,1,20n.;on drinking,282n.Washington, Bushrod, on Madison in Ratification Convention,1,395;and Jay Treaty,2,121;and M. (1798),375;appointment to Supreme Court,378,379;appearance,4,131,249;and Martinvs.Hunter's Lessee,156;and Dartmouth College case,255;and M.'s reply to attack on M'Cullochvs.Maryland,318;opinion in Greenvs.Biddle,380;opinion in Ogdenvs.Saunders,481n.;death,581.See alsoBiography.Washington, George,pre-presidential years:in Braddock's march and defeat,1,2-5;reported slain,5;and M.'s father,7,46;landed estate,20n.;as statesman,32;early reading,46n.;influence of Lord Fairfax,50;on frontier discomforts,53n., 54n.;in Virginia Convention (1775),66;on military preparedness,69;on state of the army,80-83,86,92,131,132;on militia,83-86,100;smallpox,87n.;Brandywine campaign,92-98;campaign before Philadelphia,98-102;as sole dependence of the Revolution (1778),101,121,124;Germantown,102-04;besought to apostatize,105,130,131;final movements before Philadelphia,105-07;fears at Valley Forge,114;discipline,120;intrigue against,121-23;plea for a better Continental Congress,124-26,131;distrust of effect of French alliance,134;Monmouth,134-38;and Stony Point,139;and light infantry,139n.;and military smartness,140n.;and Mary Cary,150n.;and purchase of land from M.'s father,167;employs M.'s legal services,196;on post-Revolutionary Assembly,206;and relief for Thomas Paine,213;and internal improvements,217;hot-tempered Nationalism during Confederation,342;loses faith in democracy,252;on unreliability of newspapers,268;on drinking,282n.,283;on chimney-corner patriots,286;on debased specie,297;despair (1786),301,307;on requisitions,305;on responsibility of States for failure of Confederation,308,309;on influence in Virginia of previous ratifications,356;and Randolph's attitude on Ratification,362,377n.,382n.;on campaign for Anti-Constitutionalist delegates,366,367;on opposition of leaders in State politics,366n.;on detailed debate in Virginia Convention,370n.;influence on Ratification Convention,476;on the contest in Virginia,478;and opposition after Ratification,248;as distiller,2,86n.;on West and Union,3,282n.As President and after:hardships of travel,1,255,259;influence of French Revolution,2,3;and beginning of French Revolution,10;and Genêt,28;and imprisonment of Lafayette,33;on democratic clubs,38,88,89;Virginia address (1789),57;on Virginia's opposition (1790),68n.;opposes partisanship,76;and antagonism in Cabinet,82;and Whiskey Insurrection,87,89;and neutrality,92;on attacks,93n.,164;and attacks on M.'s character,102,103;and British crisis (1794),112;attacks on, over Jay Treaty,116-18;J. Q. Adams on policy,119n.;on attacks on treaty,120;M. refuses Cabinet offices,122,123,147;M. advises on Cabinet positions,124-26,132;virtual censure by Virginia Legislature,137-40;offers French mission to M.,144-46;and support of Jay Treaty,149,150;final Republican abuse,158,162-64;address of Virginia Legislature (1796),159-62;and M.'s appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission,216;Monroe's attack,222;M.'s letters during X. Y. Z. mission,229,233-44,267-72,320-23;on hopes for X. Y. Z. Mission,244;on X. Y. Z. dispatches and French partisans,340,359,360;Federalist toast to (1798),349n.;accepts command of army,357;does not anticipate land war,357;on Gerry,365;persuades M. to run for Congress (1798),374-78;Langhorne letter,375n.;and M.'s election,416;and M.'s apology for statement by supporters,416,417;death, M.'s announcement in Congress,440-43;House resolutions, authorship of "first in war" designation,443-45;and slavery petitions,450n.;temperament contrasted with Adams's,487n.;Jefferson's Mazzei letter on,537n.;Weems's biography,3,231n.;and French War,258n.;M.'s biography on Administration,263-65;and Yazoo lands,569.See alsoBiography.Washington, D.C., Morris's land speculation,2,205n.;condition when first occupied,494n.;aspect (1801),3,1-4;lack of progress,4-6;malaria,6;absence of churches,6;boarding-houses,7;population,9;drinking,9;factions,10;Webster on,4,86.See alsoDistrict of Columbia.Washington Federalist, on Hamilton's attack on Adams,2,528;campaign virulence,530n.;eulogism of Adams,532n.;M.'s reputed influence over,532n.,541,547n.;and Jefferson-Burr contest,534n.,540;on Hay's attack on M.,543n.;on Republican armed threat,544n., 545n.;sentiment after Jefferson's election,547n.;on Judiciary debate (1802), and secession,3,72;on Bayard's speech on Judiciary,82;on Randolph's speech,87n.;on repeal of Judiciary Act,92,93;on Burr's farewell address,274n.Washington's birthday, celebration abandoned (1804),3,210n.;Burr's toast,280.Washita lands, Burr's plan to settle,3,292n.,303,310,312,313,314n.,319,324n.,361n.,362,461,462,523,527;Water travel, hardships,1,259,3,55n.See alsoSteamboat.Watkins, John, and Burr,3,295;and Wilkinson and Adair,337n.Watson, Elkanah, on army at Valley Forge,1,111n.;on hardships of travel,263n.;on Virginia social conditions,277n.;on dissipation,283n.Wayne, Anthony, discipline,1,88;in Brandywine campaign,93,95,96;in Philadelphia campaign,100;Germantown,102;Monmouth campaign,135;Stony Point,139-41;and supplies,139n.;on military smartness,139n.Wayne, C. P., negotiations to publish M.'s biography,3,225-27;agreement,227,228;and political situation,230;solicitation of subscriptions,230,235;and M.'s delays and prolixity,235,236,239,241;and financial problem,236,250;payment of royalty,247,248,251;and revised edition,272.Wayne, James M., appointment to Supreme Court,4,584.Webb, Foster, and Tabby Eppes,1,182.Webster, Daniel, on Yazoo claims,3,602;opposes new Western States,4,28n.;and War of 1812,48;opposes conscription,51n., 52n.;on M.,59n.;on Washington,86;as practitioner before M.,95,135;on bank debate,180;counsel in Dartmouth College case,233,234,260,273;and story of Indian students,233n.;on the trial,237,240n.,250n.,253n.,254n.,261n.,273,274;argument in case,240-52;tribute to Dartmouth,248-50;fee and portrait,255n.;and success in case,273;counsel in M'Cullochvs.Maryland, appearance,284;argument,285;on the case,288;debt to M. in reply to Hayne,293n.,552-55;counsel in Cohensvs.Virginia,357;in and on debate on Supreme Court,379,380,395,395n.,452n.;counsel in Osbornvs.Bank,385;resolution on regulating power to declare State acts void,396,451;counsel in Gibbonsvs.Ogden,413,424;argument,424-27;