Appendix IX
Notes on the Nigaristan and Other Unpublished Translations byRehatsek, Presented to the Royal Asiatic Society by F. F. Arbuthnot.1. The Nigaristan (Picture Gallery), by Mu'in-uddin Jawini.Faithfully translated from the Persian by E. Rehatsek. 1888.The Preface is by Arbuthnot. He points out that there are threegreat Persian didactic works, viz.:—The Gulistan, or Rose Garden,by Sadi; The Nigaristan by Jawini; and The Beharistan by Jami.The Nigaristan contains 534 stories in prose and verse.Some particulars of it are given in Arbuthnot's Persian Portraits(Quaritch, 1887), p. 106. "These three books," to use Arbuthnot'sworks, "abound in pure and noble sentiments such as are to be foundscattered throughout the Sacred Books of the East, the Old and NewTestaments, and the Koran."The two following extracts will give some idea of the contents andstyle of the Nigaristan:Zohra712If Zohra plays the guitar a thousand years,The musician's song will always be this:Try to become the subject of a good tale,Since everyone who lives becomes a tale.Fath Mousuli's PrayerAfter having been very prosperous and rich, Fath Mousuli fell intopoverty and misery. After a while, however, when he had accustomedhimself more to his position, he said, "O Lord, send me a revelationthat I may know by what act I have deserved this gift, so that I mayoffer thanks for this favour."2. Translations from the Persian, by the late E. Rehatsek.i. A Persian Tract on the observances of the Zenanah, pp. 1 to10.ii. A Persian Essay on Hospitality, or Etiquette of Eating andDrinking, pp. 20 to 29.iii. A short Persian Manuscript on Physiognomies, pp. 1 to 8.The last consists of a preface and ten chapters. "These leaves,"we are told, "are the compendium of a treatise written by the Ema'nFakhr-al-din Al-Ra'zy—may God overwhelm him with forgiveness—on the Science of Physiognomies." We are told how the abodeinfluences character; when the character of a man corresponds withthat of a beast; that "the index of the dominant passion is theface;" that "the male is among all animals stronger and more perfectthan the female," and so on.A short quotation must suffice:"When does the character of a man correspond to that of a beast?""If a man has a long face, protuberant eyes, and the tip of his noselong, drawn out like the snout of a dog, because as we haveexplained above, external appearances and internal qualities areclosely connected with each other, so that if a man happens toresemble some animal he will possess the nature of it also."3. Translations from the Persian and Arabic, by the lateE. Rehatsek.Persian.i. Short anecdotes, stories and fables picked out and translatedfrom the Nuzhat al Yaman, pp. 1 to 7.ii. The Merzuban Namah, from which animal fables have beentranslated, pp. 7 to 21.Arabic.i. Selected historical and other extracts from the celebratedArabic work, Al Moustairaf, pp. 1 to 5.ii. Some extracts from the well-known Siraj-ul-moluk, pp. 5 to 7.iii. Twenty-five chapters of Extracts from the Arabic Tuhfatekhoan us safa, under the title of "Discussion between man andanimals before the King of the Jinns," pp. 7 to 33.4. Biography of our Lord Muhammed, Apostle of Allah (Benediction ofAllah and peace be on him).According to the tradition of A'bdu-l-Malik Ebn Hasham, obtainedfrom Muhammed Ebn Esahag. Translated from the Arabic by EdwardRehatsek. Preface by F. F. Arbuthnot.There is some account of this work in F. F. Arbuthnot's ArabicAuthors, pp. 52 and 53.
Appendix X
W. F. KirbyWilliam Forsell Kirby, F.L.S., F.E.S., is the son of Samuel Kirby,banker, and his wife Lydia, nee Forsell; nephew of William Kirby,well-known in connection with the London Orphan Asylum; and cousinto the popular authoresses, Mary and Elizabeth Kirby. Born atLeicester, 14th January 1844. He was assistant in the museum ofRoyal Dublin Society (later National Museum of Science and Art) from1867 to 1879, and later was transferred to the Zoological Departmentof the British Museum. He is member of several learned societies,and has written a large number of Entomological Works. He has madea special study of the European editions of the Arabian Nights andits imitations, and has a very fine collection of books relating tothis subject. To his contributions to Sir Richard Burton'stranslation we have already alluded. He has also writtenEd-Dimiryaht and other poems (1867); The New Arabian Nights (1883);and The Hero of Esthonia (1905); and his translation of the Kalevalais in the press. Mr. Kirby married in 1866, Johanna Maria Kappel,who died in 1893, leaving one son, William E. Kirby, M.D.
Appendix 11
Genealogical Table. The Burtons of Shap{Unable to reproduce the table.}
1 (return)[ The few anecdotes that Lady Burton does give are taken from the books of Alfred B. Richards and others.]
2 (return)[ Lady Burton to Mrs. E. J. Burton, 23rd March 1891. See Chapter xxxix.]
3 (return)[ A three days' visit to Brighton, where I was the guest of Mrs. E. J. Burton, is one of the pleasantest of my recollections.]
4 (return)[ Mrs. Van Zeller had, in the first instance, been written to, in my behalf, by Mrs. E. J. Burton.]
5 (return)[ It is important to mention this because a few months ago a report went the round of the newspapers to the effect that the tomb was in ruins.]
6 (return)[ See Chapter xvii.]
7 (return)[ It is as if someone were to write "Allah is my shepherd, I shall not want," &c., &c.,—here and there altering a word—and call it a new translation of the Bible.]
8 (return)[ See almost any 'Cyclopaedia. Of the hundreds of person with whom I discussed the subject, one, and only one, guessed how matters actually stood—Mr. Watts-Dunton.]
9 (return)[ Between Payne and Burton on the one side and the adherents of E. W. Lane on the other.]
10 (return)[ At the very outside, as before stated, only about a quarter of it can by any stretch of the imagination be called his.]
11 (return)[ Burton's work on this subject will be remembered.]
12 (return)[ 31st July 1905.]
13 (return)[ See Chapters xxii. to xxix. and xxxv. He confessed to having inserted in The Arabian Nights a story that had no business there. See Chapter xxix., 136.]
14 (return)[ Thus she calls Burton's friend Da Cunha, Da Gama, and gives Arbuthnot wrong initials.]
15 (return)[ I mean in a particular respect, and upon this all his friends are agreed. But no man could have had a warmer heart.]
16 (return)[ Particularly pretty is the incident of the families crossing the Alps, when the children get snow instead of sugar.]
17 (return)[ Particularly Unexplored Syria and his books on Midian.]
18 (return)[ It will be noticed, too, that in no case have I mentioned where these books are to be found. In fact, I have taken every conceivable precaution to make this particular information useless except to bona-fide students.]
19 (return)[ I am not referring to "Chaucerisms," for practically they do not contain any. In some two hundred letters there are three Chaucerian expressions. In these instances I have used asterisks, but, really, the words themselves would scarcely have mattered. There are as plain in the Pilgrim's Progress.]
20 (return)[ I have often thought that the passage "I often wonder... given to the world to-day," contains the whole duty of the conscientious biographer in a nutshell.]
21 (return)[ Of course, after I had assured them that, in my opinion, the portions to be used were entirely free from matter to which exception could be taken.]
22 (return)[ In the spelling of Arabic words I have, as this is a Life of Burton, followed Burton, except, of course, when quoting Payne and others. Burton always writes 'Abu Nowas,' Payne 'Abu Nuwas,' and so on.]
23 (return)[ Conclusion of The Beharistan.]
24 (return)[ They came from Shap.]
25 (return)[ Thus there was a Bishop Burton of Killala and an Admira Ryder Burton. See Genealogical Tree in the Appendix.]
26 (return)[ Mrs. Burton made a brave attempt in 1875, but could never fill the gap between 1712 and 1750.]
27 (return)[ Now the residence of Mr. Andrew Chatto, the publisher.]
28 (return)[ In 1818 the Inspector writes in the Visitors' Book: "The Bakers seldom there." Still, the Bakers gave occasional treats to the children, and Mrs. Baker once made a present of a new frock to each of the girls.]
29 (return)[ Not at Elstree as Sir Richard Burton himself supposed and said, and as all his biographers have reiterated. It is plainly stated in the Elstree register that he was born at Torquay.]
30 (return)[ The clergyman was David Felix.]
31 (return)[ Weare's grave is unmemorialled, so the spot is known only in so far as the group in the picture indicates it.]
32 (return)[ He died 24th October 1828, aged 41; his wife died 10th September 1848. Both are buried at Elstree church, where there is a tablet to their memory.]
33 (return)[ For a time Antommarchi falsely bore the credit of it.]
34 (return)[ Maria, 18th March 1823; Edward, 31st August 1824.]
35 (return)[ Beneath is an inscription to his widow, Sarah Baker, who died 6th March, 1846, aged 74 years.]
36 (return)[ Her last subscription to the school was in 1825. In 1840 she lived in Cumberland Place, London.]
37 (return)[ The original is now in the possession of Mrs. Agg, of Cheltenham.]
38 (return)[ Wanderings in West Africa, ii. P. 143.]
39 (return)[ Life, i. 29.]
40 (return)[ Goldsmith's Traveller, lines 73 and 74.]
41 (return)[ Life, i. 32.]
42 (return)[ It seems to have been first issued in 1801. There is a review of it in The Anti-Jacobin for that year.]
43 (return)[ She was thrown from her carriage, 7th August 1877, and died in St. George's Hospital.]
44 (return)[ Life, by Lady Burton, i. 67.]
45 (return)[ Dr. Greenhill (1814-1894), physician and author of many books.]
46 (return)[ Vikram and the Vampire, Seventh Story, about the pedants who resurrected the tiger.]
47 (return)[ He edited successively The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Advertiser, wrote plays and published several volumes of poetry. He began The Career of R. F. Burton, and got as far as 1876.]
48 (return)[ City of the Saints, P. 513.]
49 (return)[ Short died 31st May 1879, aged 90.]
50 (return)[ In Thomas Morton's Play Speed the Plough, first acted in 1800.]
51 (return)[ Grocers.]
52 (return)[ Life, i. 81.]
53 (return)[ Or so he said. The President of Trinity writes to me: "He was repaid his caution money in April 1842. The probability is that he was rusticated for a period." If so, he could have returned to Oxford after the loss of a term or two.]
54 (return)[ He died 17th November 1842, aged 65.]
55 (return)[ Robert Montgomery 1807-1855.]
56 (return)[ "My reading also ran into bad courses—Erpenius, Zadkiel, Falconry, Cornelius Agrippa"—Burton's Autobiographical Fragment.]
57 (return)[ Sarah Baker (Mrs. Francis Burton), Georgiana Baker (Mrs. Bagshaw).]
58 (return)[ Sind Revisited. Vol. ii. pp. 78-83.]
59 (return)[ 5th May 1843. He was first of twelve.]
60 (return)[ "How," asked Mr. J. F. Collingwood of him many years after, "do you manage to learn a language so rapidly and thoroughly?" To which he replied: "I stew the grammar down to a page which I carry in my pocket. Then when opportunity offers, or is made, I get hold of a native—preferably an old woman, and get her to talk to me. I follow her speech by ear and eye with the keenest attention, and repeat after her every word as nearly as possible, until I acquire the exact accent of the speaker and the true meaning of the words employed by her. I do not leave her before the lesson is learnt, and so on with others until my own speech is indistinguishable from that of the native."—Letter from Mr. Collingwood to me, 22nd June 1905.]
61 (return)[ The Tota-kahani is an abridgment of the Tuti-namah (Parrot-book) of Nakhshabi. Portions of the latter were translated into English verse by J. Hoppner, 1805. See also Anti-Jacobin Review for 1805, p. 148.]
62 (return)[ Unpublished letter to Mr. W. F. Kirby, 8th April 1885. See also Lib. Ed. of The Arabian Nights, viii., p. 73, and note to Night V.]
63 (return)[ This book owes whatever charm it possesses chiefly to the apophthegms embedded in it. Thus, "Even the gods cannot resist a thoroughly obstinate man." "The fortune of a man who sits, sits also." "Reticence is but a habit. Practise if for a year, and you will find it harder to betray than to conceal your thoughts."
64 (return)[ Now it is a town of 80,000 inhabitants.]
65 (return)[ Sind Revisited, i. 100.]
66 (return)[ "The first City of Hind." See Arabian Nights, where it is called Al Mansurah, "Tale of Salim." Burton's A. N., Sup. i., 341. Lib Ed. ix., 230.]
67 (return)[ Mirza=Master. Burton met Ali Akhbar again in 1876. See chapter xviii., 84.]
68 (return)[ Yoga. One of the six systems of Brahmanical philosophy, the essence of which is meditation. Its devotees believe that by certain ascetic practices they can acquire command over elementary matter. The Yogi go about India as fortune-tellers.]
69 (return)[ Burton used to say that this vice is prevalent in a zone extending from the South of Spain through Persia to China and then opening out like a trumpet and embracing all aboriginal America. Within this zone he declared it to be endemic, outside it sporadic.]
70 (return)[ Burton's Arabian Nights, Terminal Essay, vol. x. pp. 205, 206, and The Romance of Isabel Lady Burton, by W. H. Wilkins, ii., 730.]
71 (return)[ Married in 1845.]
72 (return)[ She died 6th March 1846, aged 74.]
73 (return)[ He died 5th October 1858. See Sind Revisited, ii. 261.]
74 (return)[ Camoens, born at Lisbon in 1524, reached Goa in 1553. In 1556 he was banished to Macao, where he commenced The Lusiads. He returned to Goa in 1558, was imprisoned there, and returned to Portugal in 1569. The Lusiads appeared in 1572. He died in poverty in 1580, aged 56.]
75 (return)[ The Arabian Nights.]
76 (return)[ Who was broken on the wheel by Lord Byron for dressing Camoens in "a suit of lace." See English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.]
77 (return)[ Begun at Goa 1847, resumed at Fernando Po 1860-64, continued in Brazil and at Trieste. Finished at Cairo 1880.]
78 (return)[ Napier was again in India in 1849. In 1851 he returned to England, where he died 29th August 1853, aged 71.]
79 (return)[ Life of Sir Charles Napier, by Sir W. Napier.]
80 (return)[ The Beharistan, 1st Garden.]
81 (return)[ She married Col. T. Pryce Harrison. Her daughter is Mrs. Agg, of Cheltenham.]
82 (return)[ She died 10th September 1848, and is buried at Elstree.]
83 (return)[ Elisa married Colonel T. E. H. Pryce.]
84 (return)[ That is from Italy, where his parents were living.]
85 (return)[ Sir Henry Stisted, who in 1845 married Burton's sister.]
86 (return)[ India, some 70 miles from Goa.]
87 (return)[ His brother.]
88 (return)[ The Ceylonese Rebellion of 1848.]
89 (return)[ See Chapter iii., 11.]
90 (return)[ See Arabian Nights, Terminal Essay D, and The Romance of Isabel Lady Burton, vol. ii., p. 730.]
91 (return)[ His Grandmother Baker had died in 1846.]
92 (return)[ The Pains of Sleep.]
93 (return)[ Byron: Childe Harold, iv. 56.]
94 (return)[ Ariosto's Orlando was published in 1516; The Lusiads appeared in 1572.]
95 (return)[ Temple Bar, vol. xcii., p. 335.]
96 (return)[ As did that of the beauty in The Baital-Pachisi—Vikram and the Vampire. Meml. Ed., p. 228.]
97 (return)[ Tale of Abu-el-Husn and his slave girl, Tawaddud.—The Arabian Nights.]
98 (return)[ Life, i., 167.]
99 (return)[ She became Mrs. Segrave.]
100 (return)[ See Burton's Stone Talk, 1865. Probably not "Louise" at all, the name being used to suit the rhyme.]
101 (return)[ Mrs. Burton was always very severe on her own sex.]
102 (return)[ See Stone Talk.]
103 (return)[ See Chapter x.]
104 (return)[ The original, which belonged to Miss Stisted, is now in the possession of Mr. Mostyn Pryce, of Gunley Hall.]
105 (return)[ Of course, since Arbuthnot's time scores of men have taken the burden on their shoulders, and translations of the Maha-Bharata, the Ramayana, and the works of Kalidasa, Hafiz, Sadi, and Jami, are now in the hands of everybody.]
106 (return)[ Preface to Persian Portraits.]
107 (return)[ Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah, Memorial Ed., vol. i., p. 16.]
108 (return)[ Burton dedicated to Mr. John Larking the 7th volume of The Arabian Nights.]
109 (return)[ Haji Wali in 1877 accompanied Burton to Midian. He died 3rd August 1883, aged 84. See Chapter xx.]
110 (return)[ He died at Cairo, 15th October 1817.]
111 (return)[ That is, in the direction of Mecca.]
112 (return)[ Pilgrimage, Memorial Ed., i., 116.]
113 (return)[ See Preface to The Kasidah, Edition published in 1894.]
114 (return)[ Pilgrimage, Memorial Ed., i., 165.]
115 (return)[ A chieftain celebrated for his generosity. There are several stories about him in The Arabian Nights.]
116 (return)[ An incrementative of Fatimah.]
117 (return)[ Burton says of the Arabs, "Above all their qualities, personal conceit is remarkable; they show it in their strut, in their looks, and almost in every word. 'I am such a one, the son of such a one,' is a common expletive, especially in times of danger; and this spirit is not wholly to be condemned, as it certainly acts as an incentive to gallant actions."—Pilgrimage, ii, 21., Memorial Ed.]
118 (return)[ Pilgrimage to Meccah, Memorial Ed., i., 193.]
119 (return)[ A creation of the poet Al-Asma'i. He is mentioned in The Arabian Nights.]
120 (return)[ How this tradition arose nobody seems to know. There are several theories.]
121 (return)[ It is decorated to resemble a garden. There are many references to it in the Arabian Nights. Thus the tale of Otbah and Rayya (Lib. Ed., v., 289) begins "One night as I sat in the garden between the tomb and the pulpit."
122 (return)[ Pilgrimage to Meccah (Mem. Ed., i., 418).]
123 (return)[ Mohammed's son-in-law.]
124 (return)[ Mohammed's wet nurse.]
125 (return)[ Son of Mohammed and the Coptic girl Mariyah, sent to Mohammed as a present by Jarih, the Governor of Alexandria.]
126 (return)[ Khadijah, the first wife, lies at Mecca.]
127 (return)[ Known to us chiefly through Dr. Carlyle's poor translation. See Pilgrimage, ii., 147.]
128 (return)[ Here am I.]
129 (return)[ Readers of The Arabian Nights will remember the incident in the Story of the Sweep and the Noble Lady. "A man laid hold of the covering of the Kaaba, and cried out from the bottom of his heart, saying, I beseech thee, O Allah, etc."
130 (return)[ See Genesis xxi., 15.]
131 (return)[ The stone upon which Abraham stood when he built the Kaaba. Formerly it adjoined the Kaaba. It is often alluded to in The Arabian Nights. The young man in The Mock Caliph says, "This is the Place and thou art Ibrahim."
132 (return)[ See also The Arabian Nights, The Loves of Al-Hayfa and Yusuf, Burton's A.N. (Supplemental), vol. v.; Lib. Ed., vol. xi., p. 289.]
133 (return)[ Burton's A.N., v., 294; Lib. Ed., iv., 242.]
134 (return)[ See Chapter ix.]
135 (return)[ Sporting Truth.]
136 (return)[ The reader may believe as much of this story as he likes.]
137 (return)[ The man was said to have been killed in cold blood simply to silence a wagging tongue.]
138 (return)[ See Shakespeare's King John, act i., scene i.]
139 (return)[ Burton's translation of the Lusiads, vol. ii., p. 425.]
140 (return)[ Although Burton began El Islam about 1853, he worked at it years after. Portions of it certainly remind one of Renan's Life of Jesus, which appeared in 1863.]
141 (return)[ To some of the beauties of The Arabian Nights we shall draw attention in Chapter 27.]
142 (return)[ Of course both Payne and Burton subsequently translated the whole.]
143 (return)[ First Footsteps in East Africa. (The Harar Book.) Memorial Ed., p. 26.]
144 (return)[ Esther, vi., 1.]
145 (return)[ Boulac is the port of Cairo. See Chapter xi..]
146 (return)[ Zeyn al Asnam, Codadad, Aladdin, Baba Abdalla, Sidi Nouman, Cogia Hassan Alhabbal, Ali-Baba, Ali Cogia, Prince Ahmed and the Fairy Peri-Banou, The two Sisters who were jealous of their Cadette.]
147 (return)[ Edward William Lane (1801-1876). He is also remembered on account of his Arabic Lexicon. Five volumes appeared in 1863-74, the remainder by his grand-nephew Stanley Lane-Poole, in 1876-1890.]
148 (return)[ Every student, however, must be grateful to Lane for his voluminous and valuable notes.]
149 (return)[ Lady Burton states incorrectly that the compact was made in the "winter of 1852," but Burton was then in Europe.]
150 (return)[ My authorities are Mr. John Payne, Mr. Watts-Dunton and Burton's letters. See Chapter 22, 104, and Chapter 23, 107.]
151 (return)[ It was prophesied that at the end of time the Moslem priesthood would be terribly corrupt.]
152 (return)[ Later he was thoroughly convinced of the soundness of this theory. See Chapters xxii. to xxx.]
153 (return)[ In the Koran.]
154 (return)[ Burton's A.N., ii. 323; Lib. Ed., ii., p. 215.]
155 (return)[ When the aloe sprouts the spirits of the deceased are supposed to be admitted to the gardens of Wak (Paradise). Arabian Nights, Lib. Ed., i. 127.]
156 (return)[ To face it out.]
157 (return)[ First Footsteps in East Africa, i., 196.]
158 (return)[ First Footsteps in East Africa, ii., 31.]
159 (return)[ The legend of Moga is similar to that of Birnam Wood's March, used by Shakespeare in Macbeth.]
160 (return)[ The story of these adventures is recorded in First Footsteps in East Africa, dedicated to Lumsden, who, in its pages, is often apostrophised as "My dear L."
161 (return)[ Afterwards Lord Strangford. The correspondence on this subject was lent me by Mr. Mostyn Pryce, who received it from Miss Stisted.]
162 (return)[ The Traveller.]
163 (return)[ Burton's Camoens, ii., 445.]
164 (return)[ The marriage did not take place till 22nd January 1861. See Chapter x.]
165 (return)[ This is now in the public library at Camberwell.]
166 (return)[ In England men are slaves to a grinding despotism of conventionalities. Pilgrimage to Meccah, ii., 86.]
167 (return)[ Unpublished letter to Miss Stisted, 23rd May 1896.]
168 (return)[ We have given the stanza in the form Burton first wrote it—beginning each line with a capital. The appearance of Mombasa seems to have been really imposing in the time of Camoens. Its glory has long since departed.]
169 (return)[ These little bags were found in his pocket after his death. See Chapter xxxviii.]
170 (return)[ This story nowhere appears in Burton's books. I had it from Mr. W. F. Kirby, to whom Burton told it.]
171 (return)[ The Lake Regions of Central Africa, 1860.]
172 (return)[ Subsequently altered to "This gloomy night, these grisly waves, etc." The stanza is really borrowed from Hafiz. See Payne's Hafiz, vol. i., p.2.]