Chapter 14

[339]Chambers’sBook of Days.[340]Emily S. Holt,Ye Olden Time, p. 130.[341]Fosbroke,Encyclopædia of Antiquities.[342]Leges Curiales Regis Canuti; apud Bartholin, p. 583; J. S. Forsyth,The Antiquary’s Portfolio. London, 1825.[343]Elizabeth Hodges,Some Ancient English Homes.[344]Rogers, vol. i. p. 233.[345]P. H. Ditchfield, M. A., F. S. A.,Old English Customs. 1896.[346]Martin Schoock,De Sternutatione Tractatus Copiosus. Amsterdam, 1664.[347]Joh. Gerhardus Menschen,Disquisitio Philologica de Ritu Salutandi Sternutantes. Kiloni, 1704.[348]John Potter, D. D.,Antiquities of Greece.[349]Francis Rous,Archæologiæ Atticæ. London, 1685.[350]Encyclopédie méthodique.Paris, 1788.[351]U. S.Literary Gazette, vol. iv. 1826.[352]Eustace Neville Rolfe, B. A.,Pompeii, Popular and Practical. London, 1888.[353]Gerald Massey,The Natural Genesis, vol. i. pp. 83-85.[354]Henderson, p. 128.[355]Mélusine, vol. iv. 1888-89.[356]William Jones,Credulities.[357]John Beaumont, Gent.,A Treatise of Spirits. London, 1705.[358]Twelfth Annual Report of the Thirteen Club of New York, January, 1894. The writer has also consulted the original manuscript.[359]Grimm’sTeutonic Mythology.[360]A. Featherman,The Social History of the Races of Mankind.[361]R. H. Codrington, D. D.,The Melanesians.[362]Notes and Queries, 1st series, vol. xii.[363]Rev. Charles Rogers, LL. D., F. S. A.,Scotland, Social and Domestic.[364]Alexandre Desrousseaux,Mœurs populaires de la Flandre française.[365]Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 252, p. 237. January, 1882.[366]Wuttke, p. 243.[367]Philadelphia Inquirer, February 24, 1898.[368]Eugene Schuyler,Turkistan, p. 29.[369]Griffis,Japan, p. 187.[370]Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. x. p. 272. 1897.[371]Henderson, p. 206.[372]Vol. 73, pp. 41, 42. 1896.[373]Cornhill Magazine, vol. 76.[374]Lecture by Dr. D. G. Brinton, at the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass., November 9, 1896.[375]Elijah M. Haines,The American Indian, p. 416.[376]D. G. Brinton,Myths of the New World, p. 307.[377]Andree,Ethnographische Parallelen, p. 177.[378]Herbert Spencer,Principles of Sociology, vol. iii. p. 186.[379]Rev. William Wyatt Gill, B. A.,Myths and Songs from the South Pacific.[380]L. Maria Child,The Progress of Religious Ideas, vol. i. p. 276.[381]Schuyler,Turkistan, p. 29.[382]Isabella L. Bishop,Among the Tibetans, p. 104.[383]Rev. J. A. Graham, M. A.,On the Threshold of Three Closed Lands, p. 76.[384]G. Maspero,The Dawn of Civilization. 1894.[385]Professor E. P. Evans,Popular Science Monthly, November, 1895.[386]W. Crooke, B. A.,Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India.[387]S. Baring Gould,Legends of the Patriarchs and Prophets.[388]The Catholic World, vol. iii. 1866.[389]Brand’sPopular Antiquities of Great Britain.[390]Encyclopædia of Arts and Sciences.Philadelphia, 1798.[391]Pedro Mexio,The Treasurie of Auncient and Moderne Times. 1613.[392]Legends of Iceland, collected by Jón Arnason, 2d series, p. 646.[393]Edward B. Tylor,Primitive Culture.[394]Temple Bar, vol. 43. 1875.[395]Dictionnaire des sciences occultes.[396]William S. Walsh,Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities.[397]Edward William Lane,The Modern Egyptians.[398]James Owen Dorsey, “A Study of Siouan Cults,”Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C.[399]Lady Wilde’sAncient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland.[400]M. l’Abbé Bertram,Dictionnaire de toutes les religions.[401]Cornhill Magazine, vol. 76.[402]Brand, vol. i. p. 361.[403]C. F. Gordon-Cumming,At Home in Fiji, p. 105.[404]E. Henry Carnay,Litterature orale de la Picardie. Paris, 1883.[405]Ernst Meier,Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben. Stuttgart, 1852.[406]François Lenormant,Chaldean Magic.[407]Adolf Erman,Life in Ancient Egypt, p. 351.[408]F. Chabas,Le calendrier des jours fastes et néfastes et de l’année egyptienne, p. 124.[409]M. Court de Gebelin,Monde primitif, vol. iv. Paris, 1776.[410]Jean Baptiste Thiers,Traité des superstitions. Paris, 1679.[411]Historia litteraria, vol. ii. London, 1731.[412]Monsieur Danet,A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London, 1700.[413]Chabas, p. 124.[414]Rev. Edward Cockayne, M. A.,Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England.[415]Brand’sPopular Antiquities.[416]Dr. C. Edward Sachan,The Chronology of Ancient Nations. London, 1879.[417]Israel Abrahams, M. A.,Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, p. 184.[418]Bowring,Siam, vol. i. p. 158.[419]Mallet’sNorthern Antiquities.[420]Mallet, p. 426.[421]Clifford Howard,Sex Worship, p. 119.[422]Mélusine, tome iv. 1888-89.[423]Cockayne, vol. iii. p. 163.[424]“Popular Superstitions,”Gentleman’s Magazine Library, vol. i.[425]William Jones,Credulities Past and Present.[426]T. F. Thiselton Dyer,British Popular Customs.[427]Isaac Disraeli,Curiosities of Literature, vol. i. p. 280.[428]Sir William Muir, K. C. S. I.,The Life of Mahomet.[429]John J. Pool,Studies in Mohammedanism, p. 103.[430]M. l’Abbé Bertrand,Dictionnaire universel de toutes les religions.[431]Thomas Patrick Hughes, B. D., M. R. A. S.,A Dictionary of Islam.[432]S. S. Thorburn,Bannú.[433]Israel Abrahams, M. A.,Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, p. 186.[434]Gerald Massey,The Natural Genesis, vol. ii. p. 298.[435]Moritz Busch,Deutscher Volksglaube.[436]Rogers, vol. iii. p. 278.[437]Lady Wilde,Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland, p. 136.[438]Lady Wilde,Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland.[439]P. G. Heims,Seespuk, p. 135.[440]Wilhelm Kolbe,Hessische Volks-Sitten und Gebräuche.[441]Shropshire Folk-Lore, p. 260.[442]“Wily Beguiled,” Hawkins’sEnglish Drama, vol. iii. p. 356.[443]Dr. Adolf Wuttke,Der deutsche Volksaberglaube. Berlin, 1869.[444]E. L. Rochholz,Alt-deutsches Bürgerleben, pp. 52, 53.[445]Wlislocki,Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren, p. 68.[446]Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde, vol. iv. p. 307. 1894.[447]Giuseppe Pitré,Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo Siciliano. 1889.[448]M. Jean-François Bladé,Contes populaires de la Gascogne. Paris, 1886.[449]M. l’Abbé Migne,Dictionnaire des superstitions populaires.[450]Giuseppe Pitré,Il venerdi nelle tradizioni popolari italiane.[451]Busch,op. cit.[452]A World of Wonders, edited by Albany Poyntz.[453]Zeitschrift für deutsche Mythologie, iv. 147.[454]Boston Herald, May 1, 1898.[455]W. R. S. Ralston, M. A.,Russian Folk-Tales.[456]Larousse,Grand dictionnaire universel.[457]M. D. Conway,Demonology and Devil-Lore.[458]Fr. Noel,Dictionnaire de la fable.[459]Danet’sDictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London, 1700.[460]Andrew Lang,Custom and Myth.[461]Ermete Pierotti,Customs and Traditions of Palestine.[462]Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. x. No. 39, p. 274. 1897.[463]Leland’sGypsy Sorcery.[464]Brewer’sDictionary of Miracles.[465]Rev. Walter Gregor, M. A.,Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northeast of Scotland.[466]Hulme,Natural History Lore and Legend, p. 241.[467]Thorpe, ii. p. 84.[468]Schuyler,Turkestan, p. 30.[469]Edward Jewitt Robinson,Tales and Poems of South India, p. 378.[470]E. Rolland,Faune populaire de la France. Paris, 1877.[471]Wuttke, p. 118.[472]Wuttke, p. 276.[473]Dr. Joseph Virgil Grohmann,Aberglauben und Gebräuche aus Böhmen und Mähren, p. 232.[474]Encyclopédie theologique, tome, “Sciences occultes.”[475]John Thrupp,The Anglo-Saxon Home. London, 1852.[476]Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft, edited by the Rev. Oswald Cockayne.[477]Francis Lenormant,Chaldean Magic and Sorcery.[478]Francis Rous,Archæologiæ Atticæ. London, 1635.[479]Grohmann,Apollo Smintheus, p. 60.[480]Grohmann,Aberglauben, vol. i. p. 59.[481]Grohmann,Aberglauben, vol. i. p. 61.[482]Thomas Gage,A New Survey of the West Indies. London, 1677.[483]Rev. Hilderic Friend,Flowers and Flower-Lore, p. 554.[484]John Henry Gray, M. A., LL. D.,China, p. 169.[485]Martin Frederick Blumber,A History of Amulets.[486]Richard Folkard, Jr.,Plant-Lore, p. 160.[487]The Buddhism of Tibet.[488]The Nation.June 15, 1866.[489]R. T. Hampson,Medii Ævi Kalendarium. See, also, article by W. W. Newell inJournal of American Folk-Lore, vol. v. No. 14.[490]Anthon’sClassical Dictionary.[491]Garnett, p. 340.[492]Lucy M. J. Garnett,The Women of Turkey, p. 286.[493]Jean Frederic Bernard,Superstitions anciennes et modernes, tome i. p. 101. 1733.[494]Scot’sDiscoverie of Witchcraft.[495]The Folk-Lorist, vol. i. July, 1893.[496]William Jones,Credulities Past and Present.[497]J. B. Thiers,Traité des superstitions.[498]W. Crooke, B. A.,North Indian Folk-Lore.[499]Folk-Lore.June, 1896.[500]W. W. Newell,Journal of American Folk-Lore, No. 16. 1892.[501]M. D. Conway,Demonology and Devil-Lore.[502]James M. Campbell,Notes on the Spirit Basis of Belief and Custom.[503]Bulletin de la societé d’ethnographie.July, 1887.[504]Rev. J. G. Wood, M. A.,The Uncivilized Races of Men.[505]The Occult Sciences, from the French of Eusebe Salverte.

[339]Chambers’sBook of Days.

[340]Emily S. Holt,Ye Olden Time, p. 130.

[341]Fosbroke,Encyclopædia of Antiquities.

[342]Leges Curiales Regis Canuti; apud Bartholin, p. 583; J. S. Forsyth,The Antiquary’s Portfolio. London, 1825.

[343]Elizabeth Hodges,Some Ancient English Homes.

[344]Rogers, vol. i. p. 233.

[345]P. H. Ditchfield, M. A., F. S. A.,Old English Customs. 1896.

[346]Martin Schoock,De Sternutatione Tractatus Copiosus. Amsterdam, 1664.

[347]Joh. Gerhardus Menschen,Disquisitio Philologica de Ritu Salutandi Sternutantes. Kiloni, 1704.

[348]John Potter, D. D.,Antiquities of Greece.

[349]Francis Rous,Archæologiæ Atticæ. London, 1685.

[350]Encyclopédie méthodique.Paris, 1788.

[351]U. S.Literary Gazette, vol. iv. 1826.

[352]Eustace Neville Rolfe, B. A.,Pompeii, Popular and Practical. London, 1888.

[353]Gerald Massey,The Natural Genesis, vol. i. pp. 83-85.

[354]Henderson, p. 128.

[355]Mélusine, vol. iv. 1888-89.

[356]William Jones,Credulities.

[357]John Beaumont, Gent.,A Treatise of Spirits. London, 1705.

[358]Twelfth Annual Report of the Thirteen Club of New York, January, 1894. The writer has also consulted the original manuscript.

[359]Grimm’sTeutonic Mythology.

[360]A. Featherman,The Social History of the Races of Mankind.

[361]R. H. Codrington, D. D.,The Melanesians.

[362]Notes and Queries, 1st series, vol. xii.

[363]Rev. Charles Rogers, LL. D., F. S. A.,Scotland, Social and Domestic.

[364]Alexandre Desrousseaux,Mœurs populaires de la Flandre française.

[365]Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 252, p. 237. January, 1882.

[366]Wuttke, p. 243.

[367]Philadelphia Inquirer, February 24, 1898.

[368]Eugene Schuyler,Turkistan, p. 29.

[369]Griffis,Japan, p. 187.

[370]Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. x. p. 272. 1897.

[371]Henderson, p. 206.

[372]Vol. 73, pp. 41, 42. 1896.

[373]Cornhill Magazine, vol. 76.

[374]Lecture by Dr. D. G. Brinton, at the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass., November 9, 1896.

[375]Elijah M. Haines,The American Indian, p. 416.

[376]D. G. Brinton,Myths of the New World, p. 307.

[377]Andree,Ethnographische Parallelen, p. 177.

[378]Herbert Spencer,Principles of Sociology, vol. iii. p. 186.

[379]Rev. William Wyatt Gill, B. A.,Myths and Songs from the South Pacific.

[380]L. Maria Child,The Progress of Religious Ideas, vol. i. p. 276.

[381]Schuyler,Turkistan, p. 29.

[382]Isabella L. Bishop,Among the Tibetans, p. 104.

[383]Rev. J. A. Graham, M. A.,On the Threshold of Three Closed Lands, p. 76.

[384]G. Maspero,The Dawn of Civilization. 1894.

[385]Professor E. P. Evans,Popular Science Monthly, November, 1895.

[386]W. Crooke, B. A.,Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India.

[387]S. Baring Gould,Legends of the Patriarchs and Prophets.

[388]The Catholic World, vol. iii. 1866.

[389]Brand’sPopular Antiquities of Great Britain.

[390]Encyclopædia of Arts and Sciences.Philadelphia, 1798.

[391]Pedro Mexio,The Treasurie of Auncient and Moderne Times. 1613.

[392]Legends of Iceland, collected by Jón Arnason, 2d series, p. 646.

[393]Edward B. Tylor,Primitive Culture.

[394]Temple Bar, vol. 43. 1875.

[395]Dictionnaire des sciences occultes.

[396]William S. Walsh,Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities.

[397]Edward William Lane,The Modern Egyptians.

[398]James Owen Dorsey, “A Study of Siouan Cults,”Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C.

[399]Lady Wilde’sAncient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland.

[400]M. l’Abbé Bertram,Dictionnaire de toutes les religions.

[401]Cornhill Magazine, vol. 76.

[402]Brand, vol. i. p. 361.

[403]C. F. Gordon-Cumming,At Home in Fiji, p. 105.

[404]E. Henry Carnay,Litterature orale de la Picardie. Paris, 1883.

[405]Ernst Meier,Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben. Stuttgart, 1852.

[406]François Lenormant,Chaldean Magic.

[407]Adolf Erman,Life in Ancient Egypt, p. 351.

[408]F. Chabas,Le calendrier des jours fastes et néfastes et de l’année egyptienne, p. 124.

[409]M. Court de Gebelin,Monde primitif, vol. iv. Paris, 1776.

[410]Jean Baptiste Thiers,Traité des superstitions. Paris, 1679.

[411]Historia litteraria, vol. ii. London, 1731.

[412]Monsieur Danet,A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London, 1700.

[413]Chabas, p. 124.

[414]Rev. Edward Cockayne, M. A.,Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England.

[415]Brand’sPopular Antiquities.

[416]Dr. C. Edward Sachan,The Chronology of Ancient Nations. London, 1879.

[417]Israel Abrahams, M. A.,Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, p. 184.

[418]Bowring,Siam, vol. i. p. 158.

[419]Mallet’sNorthern Antiquities.

[420]Mallet, p. 426.

[421]Clifford Howard,Sex Worship, p. 119.

[422]Mélusine, tome iv. 1888-89.

[423]Cockayne, vol. iii. p. 163.

[424]“Popular Superstitions,”Gentleman’s Magazine Library, vol. i.

[425]William Jones,Credulities Past and Present.

[426]T. F. Thiselton Dyer,British Popular Customs.

[427]Isaac Disraeli,Curiosities of Literature, vol. i. p. 280.

[428]Sir William Muir, K. C. S. I.,The Life of Mahomet.

[429]John J. Pool,Studies in Mohammedanism, p. 103.

[430]M. l’Abbé Bertrand,Dictionnaire universel de toutes les religions.

[431]Thomas Patrick Hughes, B. D., M. R. A. S.,A Dictionary of Islam.

[432]S. S. Thorburn,Bannú.

[433]Israel Abrahams, M. A.,Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, p. 186.

[434]Gerald Massey,The Natural Genesis, vol. ii. p. 298.

[435]Moritz Busch,Deutscher Volksglaube.

[436]Rogers, vol. iii. p. 278.

[437]Lady Wilde,Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland, p. 136.

[438]Lady Wilde,Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland.

[439]P. G. Heims,Seespuk, p. 135.

[440]Wilhelm Kolbe,Hessische Volks-Sitten und Gebräuche.

[441]Shropshire Folk-Lore, p. 260.

[442]“Wily Beguiled,” Hawkins’sEnglish Drama, vol. iii. p. 356.

[443]Dr. Adolf Wuttke,Der deutsche Volksaberglaube. Berlin, 1869.

[444]E. L. Rochholz,Alt-deutsches Bürgerleben, pp. 52, 53.

[445]Wlislocki,Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren, p. 68.

[446]Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde, vol. iv. p. 307. 1894.

[447]Giuseppe Pitré,Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo Siciliano. 1889.

[448]M. Jean-François Bladé,Contes populaires de la Gascogne. Paris, 1886.

[449]M. l’Abbé Migne,Dictionnaire des superstitions populaires.

[450]Giuseppe Pitré,Il venerdi nelle tradizioni popolari italiane.

[451]Busch,op. cit.

[452]A World of Wonders, edited by Albany Poyntz.

[453]Zeitschrift für deutsche Mythologie, iv. 147.

[454]Boston Herald, May 1, 1898.

[455]W. R. S. Ralston, M. A.,Russian Folk-Tales.

[456]Larousse,Grand dictionnaire universel.

[457]M. D. Conway,Demonology and Devil-Lore.

[458]Fr. Noel,Dictionnaire de la fable.

[459]Danet’sDictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London, 1700.

[460]Andrew Lang,Custom and Myth.

[461]Ermete Pierotti,Customs and Traditions of Palestine.

[462]Journal of American Folk-Lore, vol. x. No. 39, p. 274. 1897.

[463]Leland’sGypsy Sorcery.

[464]Brewer’sDictionary of Miracles.

[465]Rev. Walter Gregor, M. A.,Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northeast of Scotland.

[466]Hulme,Natural History Lore and Legend, p. 241.

[467]Thorpe, ii. p. 84.

[468]Schuyler,Turkestan, p. 30.

[469]Edward Jewitt Robinson,Tales and Poems of South India, p. 378.

[470]E. Rolland,Faune populaire de la France. Paris, 1877.

[471]Wuttke, p. 118.

[472]Wuttke, p. 276.

[473]Dr. Joseph Virgil Grohmann,Aberglauben und Gebräuche aus Böhmen und Mähren, p. 232.

[474]Encyclopédie theologique, tome, “Sciences occultes.”

[475]John Thrupp,The Anglo-Saxon Home. London, 1852.

[476]Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft, edited by the Rev. Oswald Cockayne.

[477]Francis Lenormant,Chaldean Magic and Sorcery.

[478]Francis Rous,Archæologiæ Atticæ. London, 1635.

[479]Grohmann,Apollo Smintheus, p. 60.

[480]Grohmann,Aberglauben, vol. i. p. 59.

[481]Grohmann,Aberglauben, vol. i. p. 61.

[482]Thomas Gage,A New Survey of the West Indies. London, 1677.

[483]Rev. Hilderic Friend,Flowers and Flower-Lore, p. 554.

[484]John Henry Gray, M. A., LL. D.,China, p. 169.

[485]Martin Frederick Blumber,A History of Amulets.

[486]Richard Folkard, Jr.,Plant-Lore, p. 160.

[487]The Buddhism of Tibet.

[488]The Nation.June 15, 1866.

[489]R. T. Hampson,Medii Ævi Kalendarium. See, also, article by W. W. Newell inJournal of American Folk-Lore, vol. v. No. 14.

[490]Anthon’sClassical Dictionary.

[491]Garnett, p. 340.

[492]Lucy M. J. Garnett,The Women of Turkey, p. 286.

[493]Jean Frederic Bernard,Superstitions anciennes et modernes, tome i. p. 101. 1733.

[494]Scot’sDiscoverie of Witchcraft.

[495]The Folk-Lorist, vol. i. July, 1893.

[496]William Jones,Credulities Past and Present.

[497]J. B. Thiers,Traité des superstitions.

[498]W. Crooke, B. A.,North Indian Folk-Lore.

[499]Folk-Lore.June, 1896.

[500]W. W. Newell,Journal of American Folk-Lore, No. 16. 1892.

[501]M. D. Conway,Demonology and Devil-Lore.

[502]James M. Campbell,Notes on the Spirit Basis of Belief and Custom.

[503]Bulletin de la societé d’ethnographie.July, 1887.

[504]Rev. J. G. Wood, M. A.,The Uncivilized Races of Men.

[505]The Occult Sciences, from the French of Eusebe Salverte.

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