[Footnote 5:Proceedings, S.P.R. vii. 383-394.]
[Footnote 6: See Sir W. Crookes'sResearches in Spiritualism.]
[Footnote 7: Mr. Aïdé has given me this information. He recorded the circumstances in his Diary at the time.]
[Footnote 8:Report of Dialectical Society, p. 209.]
[Footnote 9: See Porphyry, in Parthey's edition (Berlin, 1857), iii. 4.]
[Footnote 10:Bulletin de la Société de Biologie, 1880, p. 399.]
[Footnote 11: Crookes,Proceedings, ix. 308.]
Since the chapter on crystal-gazing was in type, a work by Dr. Pierre Janet has appeared, styled 'Les Névroses et les Idées Fixes.'[1] It contains a chapter on crystal-gazing. The opinion of Dr. Janet, as that of a savant familiar, at the Salpêtrière, with 'neurotic' visionaries, cannot but be interesting. Unluckily, the essay must be regarded as seriously impaired in value by Dr. Janet's singular treatment of his subject. Nothing is more necessary in these researches than accuracy of statement. Now, Dr. Janet has taken a set of experiences, or experiments, of Miss X.'s from that lady's interesting essay, already cited; has attributed them, not to Miss X., but to various people—for example, toune jeune fille, une pauvre voyante, une personne un peu mystique; has altered the facts in the spirit of romance; and has triumphantly given that explanation, revival of memory, which was assigned by Miss X. herself.
Throughout his paper Dr. Janet appears as the calm man of science pronouncing judgment on the visionary vagaries of 'haunted' young girls and disappointed seeresses. No such persons were concerned; no such hauntings, supposed premonitions, or 'disillusions' occurred; the romantic and 'marvellous' circumstances are mythopoeic accretions due to Dr. Janet's own memory or fancy; his scientific explanation is that given by his trinity ofjeune fille, pauvre voyante, andpersonne un peu mystique.
Being much engaged in the study of 'neurotic' and hysterical patients, Dr. Janet thinks that they are most apt to see crystal visions. Perhaps they are; and one doubts if their descriptions are more to be trusted than the romantic essay of their medical attendant. In citing Miss X.'s paper (as he did), Dr. Janet ought to have reported her experiments correctly, ought to have attributed them to herself, and should, decidedly, have remarked that the explanation he offered was her own hypothesis, verified by her own exertions.
Not having any acquaintances in neurotic circles, I am unable to say whether such persons supply more cases of the faculty of crystal vision than ordinary people; while their word, one would think, is much less to be trusted than that of men and women in excellent health. The crystal visions which I have cited from my own knowledge (and I could cite scores of others) were beheld by men and women engaged in the ordinary duties of life. Students, barristers, novelists, lawyers, school-masters, school-mistresses, golfers—to all of whom the topic was perfectly new—have all exhibited the faculty. It is curious that an Arabian author of the thirteenth century, Ibn Khaldoun, cited by M. Lefébure, offers the same account ofhowthe visions appear as that given by Miss Angus in theJournalof the S.P.R., April 1898. M. Lefébure's citation was sent to me in a letter.
I append M. Lefébure's quotation from Ibn Khaldoun. The original is translated in 'Notices et Extraits des MSS. de la Bibliothèque Impériale,' I. xix. p. 643-645.
'Ibn Kaldoun admet que certains hommes ont la faculté de deviner l'avenir.
'"Ceux, ajoute-t-il, qui regardent dans les corps diaphanes, tels que les miroirs, les cuvettes remplies d'eau et les liquides; ceux qui inspectent les coeurs, les foies et les os des animaux, … tous ces gens-là appartiennent aussi à la catégorie des devins, mais, à cause de l'imperfection de leur nature, ils y occupent un rang inférieur. Pour écarter le voile des sens, le vrai devin n'a pas besoin de grands efforts; quant aux autres, ils tâchent d'arriver au but enessayant de concentrer en un seul sens toutes leurs perceptions. Comme la vue est le sens le plus noble, ils lui donnent la préférence; fixant leur regard sur on objet à superficie unie, ils le considèrent avec attention jusqu'à ce qu'ils y aperçoivent la chose qu'ils veulent annoncer. Quelques personnes croient que l'image aperçue de cette manière se dessine sur la surface du miroir; mais ils se trompent. Le devin regarde fixement cette surface jusqu'à ce qu'elle disparaisse et qu'un rideau, semblable à un brouillard, s'interpose entre lui et le miroir. Sur ce rideau se dessinent les chosesqu'il désira apercevoir, et cela lui permet de donner des indications soit affirmatives, soit négatives, sur ce que l'on désire savoir. Il raconte alors les perceptions telles qu'il les reçoit. Les devins, pendant qu'ils sont dans cet état, n'aperçoivent pas ce qui se voit réellement dans le miroir; c'est un autre mode de perception qui naît chez eux et qui s'opère, non pas au moyen de la vue, mais de l'âme. Il est vrai que,pour eux, les perceptions de l'âme ressemblent à celles des sens au point de les tromper; fait qui, du reste, est bien connu. La même chose arrive à ceux qui examinent les coeurs et les foies d'animaux. Nous avons vu quelques-uns de ces individusentraver l'opération des senspar l'emploi de simplesfumigations, puis se servir d'incantations[2] afin de donner à l'âme la disposition requise; ensuite ils racontent ce qu'ils ont aperçu. Ces formes, disent-ils, se montrent dans l'air et représentent des personnages: elles leur apprennent, au moyen d'emblèmes et de signes, les choses qu'ils cherchent à savoir. Les individus de cette classe se détachent moins de l'influence des sens que ceux de la classe précédente."'
[Footnote 1: Lican, Paris, 1898.]
[Footnote 2: L'auteur arabe avait déjà mentionné (p. 209) l'emploi des incantations et indiqué qu'elles étuient un simple adjuvant physique destiné à donner à certains hommes une exaltation dont ils se servaient pour tâcher de découvrir l'avenir.
'Pour arriver au plus haut degré d'inspiration dont il est capable, le devin doit avoir recours à l'emploi de certaines phrases qui se distinguent parune cadence et un parallelisme particuliers. Il essaye ce moyenafin de soustraire son âme aux influences des senset de lui donner assez de force pour se mettre dans un contact imparfait avec le monde spirituel.[a] Cette agitation d'esprit, jointe à l'emploi des moyens intrinsèques dont nous avons parlé, excite dans son coeur des idées que cet organe exprime par le ministère de la langne. Les paroles qu'il prononce sont tantôt vraies, tantôt fausses. En effet, le devin, voulant suppléer à l'imperfection de son naturel, se sert de moyens tout à fait étrangers à sa faculté perceptive et qui ne s'accordent en aucune façon avec elle. Donc la vérité et l'erreur se présentent à lui en même temps, aussi ne doit on mettre aucune confiance en ses paroles. Quelquefois même il a recours à des suppositions et à des conjectures dans l'espoir de rencontrer la vérité et de tromper ceux qui l'interrogent.']
[Footnote a: Compare Tennyson's way of attaining a state of trance by repeating to himself his own name.]
In the remarks on Australian religion, it is argued that chiefs inAustralia are, at most, very inconspicuous, and that a dead chief cannothave thriven into a Supreme Being. Attention should be called, however, toMr. Howitt's remarks on Australian 'Head-men,' in his tract on 'TheOrganisation of Australian Tribes' (pp. 103-113).
He attaches more of the idea of power to 'Head-men' than does Mr. Curr in his work, 'The Australian Race.' The Head-men, as a rule, arrive at such influence as they possess by seniority, if accompanied by courage, wisdom, and, in some cases, by magical acquirements. There are traces of a tendency to keep the office (if it may be called one) in the same kinship. 'But Vich Ian Vohr or Chingahgook are not to be found in Australian tribes' (p. 113). I do not observe that the manes or ghost of a dead Head-man receives any worship or service calculated to fix him in the tribal memory, and so lead to the evolution of a deity, though one Head-man was potent through the whole Dieyri tribe over three hundred miles of country. Such a person, if propitiated after death, might conceivably develop into a hero, if not into a creative being. But we must await evidence to the effect that any posthumous reverence was paid to this man, Ialina Piramurane (New Moon). Mr. Howitt's essay is in the 'Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria for 1889.'
Academy of Medicine, Paris, inquiry into animal magnetism, 34
Achille, the case of, 134
Acosta, Père, cited, 74, 244, 246
Adare, Lord, cited, 335
Addison, cited, 16
Africans, religious faiths of, 212, 218, 221, 222.See under separate tribal names.
Ahone, North-American Indian god, 231-233, 241, 248, 258, 262, 280
Aïdé, Hamilton, cited, 336
Algonquins, the, 250
Allen, Grant, cited, 190
American Creators, 230; parallel with African gods, 230; savage gods of Virginia, 231; the Ahone-Okeus creed, 231-233; Pawnee tribal religions, 233-236; Ti-ra-wá, the Spirit Father, 234, 235; rite to the Morning Star, 234; religion of the Blackfeet, 236; Nà-pi, 237-239; one account of the Inca religion, 239-242; Sun-worship, 239-241; cult of Pachacamac, the Inca deity, 239-247; another account of the Inca religion, 242-246; hymns of the Zuñis, 247;Awonawilona, 247
Amoretti, Sig., cited, 30, 152
Ancestor, worship, 164-166, 178, 205, 212, 268, 271-277
Andamanese, the, religious beliefs of, 167, 194-197, 205, 208, 211,249, 252, 256, 272'Angus, Miss,' cases in her experience of crystal-gazing, 89-102, 341
Animal magnetism, inquiry into, 29, 34, 35
Animism, nature and influence of, 48, 49, 53, 58, 63, 129, 168, 190, 191, 206, 256, 264, 266, 268, 269, 303
Anthropology and hallucinations, 105; sleeping and waking experience, 105, 106; hallucinations in mentally sound people, 107; ghosts, 107; coincidence of hallucinations of the sane with death or other crisis of person seen, 107; morbid hallucinations and coincidental 'flukes,' 108; connection of cause and effect, 108; the emotional effect, 108; illustrative coincidence, 108; hallucinations of sight, 109; causes of hallucinations, 110; collective hallucinations, 110; the properly receptive state, 110; telepathy, 111; phantasms of the living, 112; Maori cases, 113-115; evidence to be rejected, 116; subjective hallucination caused by expectancy, 116; puzzling nature of hallucinations shared by several people at once, 116, 117; hallucinations coincident with a death, 117; apparitions and deaths connected in fact, 117; Census of the Society for Psychical Research thereupon, 118; number and character of the instances, 119; weighing evidence, 119; opinion of the Committee on Hallucinations, 121; remoteness of occurrence of instances, 121; want of documentary evidence, 121 non-coincidental hallucinations, 121; telepathy existing between kinsfolk and friends, 122; influence of anxiety, 123; existence of illness known, 123; mental and nervous conditions in connection with hallucinations, 134; value of the statistics of the Census, 124; anecdote of an English officer, 125
Anthropology and religion, 30; early scientific prejudice against, 40; evolution and evidence, 40; testing of evidence, 41-43; psychical research, 48; origin of religion, 44; inferences drawn from supernormal phenomena, 41, 53; savage parallels of psychical phenomena, 45; meanings of religion, 45, 40; disproof of godless tribes, 47; Animism, 48, 49; limits of savage tongues, 49; waking and sleeping hallucinations, 60; crystal-gazing, 50; the ghost-soul, 51; savage abstract speculation, 52; analogy of the ideas of children and primitive man, 53; early man's conception of life, 32; ghost-seers, 54; psychical conditions in which savages differ from civilised men, 54; power of producing non-normal psychological conditions, 55; faculties of the lower animals, 56; man's first conception of religion, 56; the suggested hypnotic state, 57; second-sight, 68; savage names for the ghost-soul, 60; the migratory spirit, 60-64
Anynrabia, South Guinea Creator, 220
Apaches, crystal-gazing by, 84, 85
Apollonius of Tyana, 66
Atua, the Tongan Elohim, 279
Aurora Borealis, savage ideas of the, 4, 262, 292
Australians, religious beliefs of, 50, 83, 118, 128, 165, 175-182, 185, 188, 190, 205, 208, 211, 215, 219, 224, 240, 249, 253, 266, 261-263
Automatism, 155
Awonawilona, Zuñi deity, 248, 251
Ayinard, Jacques, case of, 150, 182
Aztecs, creed of, 104note, 183, 233, 234, 255, 258, 263
Bealz, Dr., cited, 132
Baiame, deity, 189, 190, 191, 205, 261, 280
Baker, Sir Samuel, cited, 42, 211
Bakwains, the, 169
Balfour, A.J., quoted, 44, 57note
Banks Islanders, their gods, 169, 197-198
Bantus, religious beliefs of, 176, 211, 220, 248
Barkworth, Mr., his opinion of Mrs. Piper, 140
Barrett, Professor, on the divining-rod, 162-154
Bostian, Adolf, cited, 6, 43
Baxter, cited, 15
Beaton, Cardinal, his mistress visualized, 97
Bell, John, cited, 149
Beni-Israel, 282
Berna, magnetiser, 34
Bernadette, case of, 117
Big Black Man, Fuegian deity, 258
Binet and Féré, quoted, 20, 76
Bissett, Mr. and Mrs., experiences of crystal-gazing, 99-102
Blackfeet, beliefs of, 230, 236
Blantyre region, religion in the, 217, 218
Bleck, Dr., cited, 194
Bobowissi, Gold Coast god, 225-227, 230-232
Bodinus, cited, 15
Bora, Australian mysteries, 176, 179, 190, 196, 260
Bosman, cited, 225
Bourget, Paul, his opinion of Mrs. Piper, 139, 140
Bourke, Captain J.G., cited, 83
Boyle, cited, 15
Braid, inventor of the word 'hypnotism,' 24, 35, 36
Brewster, Sir David, cited, 33
Brinton, Dr., cited, 67, 168, 232, 236, 254, 264, 290
Bristow, Mr., cited, 332
British Association decline to hear Braid's essay, 24 rejection of anthropological papers, 89
Brasses, de, cited, 149
Brown, General Mason, cited, 68, 67
Bunjil, deity, 189
Bushmen, religious beliefs of, 165, 198, 208, 211, 252
Button, Jemmy, the Faegian, case of, 116
Caon, Boshmon deity, 189, 193, 205
Callawoy, Dr., on Zulu beliefs, 72, 85, 106, 142, 151 207, 208
Cardan, cited, 15
Carpenter, Dr., cited, 324
Carver, Captain Jonathan, his instance of savage possession, 142 cited, 60, 144, 145
Charcot, Dr., on faith cures, 20-23, 24note
Chevreul, M., cited, 152
Chinese, the, demon possession in, 181, 183 divining-rod, 154 religious beliefs, 237, 290, 291
Chonos, the, 176
Circumcision, 286
Clairvoyance (vue à distance), 65'opening the Gates at Distance.' 65, 66attested cases among savages, 66conflict with the laws of exact science, 67instances, 67among the Zulus, 68-70among the Lapps, 70the Llarson case, 71seers, 72the element of trickery, 73a Red Indian seeress, 73Peruvian clairvoyants, 75Professor Richet's case, 75Mr. Dobbie's case, 76Scottish tales of second-sight, 78-81visions provoked by various methods, 81See Crystal visions
Clodd, Edward, cited, 119, 120, 300
'Cockburn, Mrs.,' test of crystal-gazing, 99-101
Codrington, Dr., cited, 150, 169, 197-199
Coirin, Mlle., her miraculous cure, 20
Coleridge, cited, 9, 11, 12note, 295, 296
Collins, cited, 179
Comanches, the, 250
Confucius, religious teaching of, 290, 291
Cook, Captain, cited, 271
Corpse-binding, 143, 144
Crawford, Lord, cited, 325, 334, 330, 387
Creeks, the, 143
Croesus, tests the Delphic Oracle, 14
Crookes, Sir William, cited, 325, 331, 333, 334, 337, 338
Crystal visions, 83savage instances, 83-85in later Europe, 85nature of 'Miss X's' experiments, 85attributed to 'dissociation,' 86examples of 'thought-transference,' 87arguments against accepting recognition of objects described by anotherperson, 87coincidence of fact and fiction, 88cases in the experience of 'Miss Angus,' 89-102'Miss Rose's' experience, 91, 92phenomena suggest the savage theory of the wandering soul, 103cited, 7, 44, 50, 314-316, 340
Cumberland, Stuart, 72
Cures by suggestion, 20, 21
Curr, Mr., reports 'godless' savages, 184note
Dampier, cited, 176
Dancing sticks, 149-131
Darumulun, Australian Supreme Being, 178, 179, 183, 186, 191, 213, 240, 258-264, 280
Darwin, cited, 115, 149, 174note, 324, 332
Death, savage ideas on, 187
Degeneration theory, the, 254the powerful creative Being of lowest savages, 254differences between the Supreme Being of higher and lower savages, 255human sacrifice, 255hungry, cruel gods degenerate from the Australian Father in Heaven, 256savage Animism, 256a pure religion forgotten, 257an inconvenient moral Creator, 257hankering after useful ghost-gods, 257lowering of the ideal of a Creator, 257maintenance of an immoral system in the interests of the State and theclergy, 258moral monotheism of the Hebrew religion, 258degradation of Jehovah, 258human sacrifice in ritual of Israel, 258origin of conception of Jehovah, 258Semitic gods, 259status of Darumulun, 259conception of Jehovah conditioned by space, 260degeneration of deity in Africa, 260political advance produces religious degeneration, 261sacrificial ideas, 262the savage Supreme Being on a higher plane than the Semitic andGreek gods, 263Animism full of the seeds of religions degeneration, 264falling off in the theistic conception, 265fetishism, 265modus of degeneration by Animism supplanting Theism, 265feeling after a God who needs not anything at man's hands, 267
Demoniacal possession, 128the 'inspired' or 'possessed,' 129'change of control,' 130gift of eloquence and poetry, 131instances in China, 131attempted explanations of the phenomena, 132'alternating personality,' 132symptoms of possession, 132evidence for, 133scientific account of a demoniac and his cure, 134inducing the 'possessed' state, 135exhibition of abnormal knowledge by the possessed, 136Scientific study of the phenomena, 136details of the case of Mrs. Piper, 136-141diagnosing and prescribing for patients, 142Carver's example of savage possession, 142, 157custom of binding the seer with bonds, 142, 145corpse-binding, 143, 144
Dendid, Dinka Supreme Being, 211, 212, 258, 280
Deslon, M., disciple of Mesmer, 24
Dessoir, Dr. Max, quoted, 32, 33, 57
Dinkas, beliefs of the, 42, 211, 212, 256
Divining-rod, use of the, 30, 152-155
Dobbie, Mr., his case of clairvoyance, 76
Dorman, Mr., cited, 203
Dunbar, Mr., cited, 236
Du Pont, cited, 75
Du Prel, cited, 28
Dynois, Jonka, trance of, 65
Ebumtupism, second sight, 73
Egyptians, beliefs of, 83, 302
Elcho, Lord, cited, 334
Eleusinian mysteries, 196
Elliotson, Dr., cited, 24, 35, 37, 40
Ellis, Major, on Polynesian and African religions ideas, 83, 144, 222-228, 232, 251, 260, 272
Elohim, savage equivalents to the term, 277
Esemkofu, Zulu ghosts, 128, 129
Eskimo, religious beliefs of, 72, 113, 184
Faith-Cures, 20-22
Fenton, Francis Dart, on Maori ghost-seeing, 114
Ferrand, Mlle., on hallucinations, 32
Fetishism and Spiritualism, 147the fetish, 147sources super-normal to savages, 148independent motion in inanimate objects, 149comparison with physical phenomena of spiritualism, 149Melanesian belief in sticks moved by spirits, 150a sceptical Zulu, 150a form of the pendulum experiment, 151table-turning, 152the divining-rod, 152the civilised and savage practice of automatism, 156dark room manifestations, 156the disturbances in the house of M. Zoller, 156consideration of physical phenomena, 158instanced, 165, 225, 265, 266, 276, 324-339
Figuier, M., cited, 152
Fijians, religious beliefs of, 128, 136, 200, 248, 338
Finns, the, 58
Fire ceremony, the, 180note
Fison, Mr., cited, 128
Fitzroy, Admiral, cited, 115, 173, 174
Flacourt, Sieur de, on crystal-gazing in Madagascar, 84
Flint, Professor, cited, 253
Francis, St., stigmata of, 22
Fuegians, beliefs and customs of, 115, 165, 173-175, 183, 187, 208, 211, 227, 258, 262, 272
Galton, Mr., cited, 12, 96, 107, 294, 295
Garcilasso de la Vega, on Inca beliefs, 239-244
'Gates of Distance, Opening the,' 65, 66, 68
Ghost-seers, 54, 63
Ghost-soul, the, 51 names for the, 60
Gibert, Dr., on 'willing' sleep, 36
Gibier, Dr., cited, 146
Gippsland tribes, 187
Glanvil, Rev. Joseph, his scientific investigations, 15
God, evolution of the idea of, 160 anthropological hypothesis, 160 primitive logic of the savage, 161 regarded as a spirit, 162 idea of spiritual beings framed on the human soul, 164 deified ancestors, 164 the Zulu first ancestor, 164 fetishes, 165 great gods in savage systems of religion, 165 the Lord of the Dead, 165 conception of an idealised divine First Ancestor, 188 hostile Good and Bad Beings, 166 the Supreme Being of savage creeds, 166 mediating 'Sons,' 167 Christian and Islamite influence on savage conceptions, 167 probable germs of the savage idea of a Supreme Being, 168 animistic conceptions, 168 ghosts, and Beings who never were human, 169 recognition by savages of our God in theirs, 169 the hypothesis of degeneracy, 170 the moral, friendly creative Being of low savage faith, 171 food offerings to a Universal Power, 171 the High Gods of low races, 173 intrusion of European ideas into savage religions, 173 the Fuegian Big Man, 174 ghosts of dead medicine man, 175 the Bora, or Australian tribal mysteries, 176, 177, 179 possible evolution of the Australian god, 178 mythology and theology of Darumulun, the highest Australian god, 178, 179, 183 religious sanction of morals, 179 selflessness the very essence of goodness, 180 precepts of Darumulan, 181, 182 argument from design, 184 Supreme Gods not necessarily developed out of 'spirits,' 185 distinction between deities and ghosts, 185 human beings adored as gods, 186 deathlessness of the Supreme Being of savage faith, 186, 188 idealisation of the savage himself, 187 negation of the ghost-theory, 188, 189 high creative gods never wore mortal men, 189 low savage distinction between gods, 189 propitiation by food and sacrifice, 190 'magnified non-natural men,' 190 gods to talk about, not to adore, 190 higher gods prior to the ghost theory, 191 See Supreme Beings; American Creators; Jehovah
Greeks, the, beliefs of, 302
Greenlanders, the, 144, 182
Gregory, Dr., cited, 86
Griesinger, Dr., cited, 132
Grinnell, Mr., on Pawnee beliefs, 234-237
Guiana Indians, religious beliefs of, 202-206, 256
Guinea, North and South, religious beliefs in, 220
Gurney, Mr., his experiments in hypnotism, 85, 86 cited, 107, 114, 117
Guyau, M., cited, 12, 24, 25
Hallucinations. See Anthropology and Hallucinations
Hamilton, Sir William, cited, 12
Hammond, Dr., on demoniacal possession, 131
Harteville, Madame, case of, 26
Hearne, on the Aurora Borealis, 3 on cure by suggestion, 21, 22
Hebrews. See Israelites
Hegel, cited, 30-34, 50, 56, 58, 78, 111, 152
Higgs, Police Constable, statement of, on the disturbances at Mr.White's house, 326-328
Highland second-sight, 143-145
Hodgson, Dr., report on Mrs. Piper, 137, 140, 141 cited, 135, 325
Home, David Dunglas, his powers as a medium, 324, 325, 334-339
Howitt, Mr., cited, 128, 177-182
Hume, David, attitude towards miracles, 16 definition of a miracle, 16 self-contradictions, 17 refuses to examine miracle of the Abbé Paris, 18, 19, 22-25 alternative definition of a miracle, 25 cited, 297
Huxley, Professor, on savage religious cults, 42, 43, 48, 162, 163, 171,176, 177, 182on the evolution of Jehovah, 270, 271, 277, 279, 282, 286cited, 17note, 296, 324
Hypnotism, 6, 24, 29, 32, 34, 35, 37, 75, 76
Iamblichus, cited, 14, 336, 337, 339
Ibn Khaldoun, cited, 341
Im Thurn, on the religious ideas of the Indians of Guiana, 50, 160, 202-207, 256, 298
Incas, the, 85, 240-247, 258
Iroquois, the, 84, 85
Islam, influence of, on African beliefs, 221
Israelites, development of their religious ideas, 258, 260, 268-284, 302
James, Professor William, quoted, 23, 59, 73, 107, 110, 132, 137, 156, 294
Janet, Dr. Pierre, on 'willing' sleep, 36 on demoniacal possession, 134, 135 cited, 73, 294, 340, 341
Jeanne d'Arc, 34, 73, 115, 128, 276
Jehovah, theories of, 258, 260, 268as a Moral Supreme Being, 268anthropological theory of the origin of Jehovah-worship, 270absence of ancestor-worship from the Hebrew tradition, 270-273alleged evidence for ancestor-worship in Israel, 273-277evolution from ghost-cult to the cult of Jehovah, 277the term Elohim, 277human shape assumed, 278considered as a ghost-god, 279sacrifices to, 280suggestion of a Being not yet named Jehovah, 281traditional emergence of Jehovah as the god of Israel, 281as a deified ancestor, 282moral element in the idea of Jehovah, 282, 286a mere tribal god, 283a Kenite god, 283, 284inconsistencies of theorists concerning, 285the moral element a survival of primitive ethics in the savage ancestorsof the Israelites, 287verity of the Biblical account, 287cited, 299
Jeraeil, mysteries of the Kurnai, 180
Jevons, Mr., cited, 186, 255, 300, 302
Jugglery, Pawnee, 235
Jung-Stilling, cited, 30, 63
Kaloc, Fijian name for gods, 200, 201
Kamschatkans, 166
Kant, inquires into Swedenborg's visions, 26, 59 disappointed with Swedenborg's 'Arcana Coelestia', 26, 27 on the metaphysics of 'spirits,' 27 discusses the subconscious, 28 cited, 125
Karens, beliefs of, 60, 73, 151
Karr, Alphonse, cited, 336
Kelvin, Lord, on hypnotism, 37
Kenites, the, 284
Kingsley, Miss, cited, 175, 211, 220, 328
Kirk, cited, 144
Kohl, cited, 148
Kulin, Australian tribe, 49
Kurnai, Australian tribe, their religious conceptions, 49, 180, 181, 187, 215, 262, 263, 287, 291
Laing, Mr. Samuel, cited, 12note
Langlois, M., the case of, 75, 76
Lapps, beliefs of, 58, 71, 81
Latukas, the, 42
Laverterus, telepathic hypothesis of, 15
Le Loyer, cited, 15
Leaf, Mr., cited, 112note
Leeward Isles, ideas of a god in, 251
Lefèbure, M., cited, 84, 149, 341
Legge, Dr., on the teaching of Confucius, 290
Lejean, M., on the Dinkas, 212
Lejeaune, Père, cited, 74, 83
Leng, Mr., cited, 133
Leon, Cieza de, cited, 241, 244
Léonie, the case of her hypnotisation, 75, 76
Leslie, David, on Zulu clairvoyance, 68 on ghosts, 128
Levitation, 334
Littré, M., cited, 136
Livingstone, Dr., cited, 6, 135, 170
Lloyd, Dr., cited, 327, 328
Loan-god, a, Tshi theory of, 222-229
Lourdes, cures at, 19
Lubbock, Sir John, cited, 42
Macalister, Professor, his opinion of Mrs. Piper, 140
MacCulloch, Dr., on second-sight, 58
Macdonald, Duff, cited, 150, 213, 215, 218
Macgregor, Dr. Alastair, gives instances of second-sight, 79-81
Madagascar, 84
Magnetism, 29, 34, 35
Malagasies, beliefs of, 84
Malays of Keeling Island, fetishism in, 141
Man, Mr., on Andamanese religion and mythology, 194, 195
Mans, magical rapport, 199, 200
Mandans, the, 188
Manganjah, practice of sorcery in, 149
Manning, Mr., cited, 146
Maoris, religious beliefs of, 83, 113-115, 118, 119, 150, 166, 188
Marawa, Banks Islands deity, 198, 199
Mariner, cited, 278
Markham, Mr., cited, 243, 246
Marson, Madame, case of, 71
Mason, Dr., on familiar spirits, 130
Mather, Cotton, cited, 16, 55
Maudsloy, Dr., cited, 23note
Mani, Maori deity, 166, 188
Mayo, Dr., cited, 86
Medici, Catherine de', cited, 66
Medicine-men, 84
Mediums, 324-339
Melanesians, religious beliefs of, 150, 169, 189, 197, 199, 200
Menestrier, le Père, uses the divining-rod, 154
Menzies, Professor, cited, 257
Mesmer, his theory of magnetism, 29, 34
Millar, cited, 40, 41
Miracles, regarded from the standpoint of science, 14early tests, 14and more modern research, 15witchcraft, 15, 16Hume's essay on, 16and his definitions of a miracle, 16, 25cures at the tomb of the Abbè Paris, 18-20, 23Binet and Fèrè's explanation of these cures, 20cures by suggestion, 20, 21Dr. Charcot's views, 20faith cures, 20-22science opposed to systematic negation, 22refusal to examine evidence, 23-25'marvellous facts,' 24suggestion à distance, 24Kant's researches, 26-29Swedenborg's clairvoyance, 26, 27thought-transference and hypnotic sleep, 29, 30, 32, 35water-finding, 39phenomena of clairvoyance, 31Hegel's 'magic tie,' 31Dr. Max Dessoir's views, 31, 32hallucinations, 32animal magnetism, 34hypnotism, 35'willing,' 36facts and phenomena confronting science, 37
'Miss X,' on crystal-gazing, 87, 315, 316, 340, 341
Mlungu, Central African deity, 213-218
Molina, Christoval de, on Inca beliefs, 242, 243
Moll, Herr, cited, 314
Montgeron, M., cited, 19, 20
More, Henry, cited, 15
Moses, founder of the Hebrew religion, 283-286
Mtanga, African deity, 213-217
Müller, Max, cited, 41, 43, 46, 265, 266, 289
Mungan-ngaur, Kurnai Supreme Being, 181, 188, 190, 205, 217, 259
Mwetyi, Shekuni Great Spirit, 220
Myers, Frederic, on hypnotic slumber, 30, 33 cited, 15note
Nana Nyankupon, Gold Coast Supreme Being, 225-228, 232, 280
Nà-pi, American Indian deity, 237-239, 241
Ndengei, Fijian Supreme Being, 200-202, 228, 248
Nevius, Dr., on demoniacal possession, 131-135
Newbold, Professor W. Romaine, 135
Nezahuati, erects a bloodless fane to the Unknown God, 258
Nicaraguans, the, 60
North, Major, on Pawnee jugglery, 235, 236
Nzambi Mpungu, Bantu Supreme Being, 226, 228, 242
Okeus (Oki), American Indian deity, 231, 232
Okey, the sisters, case of, 37note
Ombwiri, South Guinea god, 220
Orpen, Mr., cited, 193
Oxford, Rev. A.W., on ancient Israel, 275-277, 283-285
Pachacamac, Inca, Supreme Being, 230, 239-247, 258
Pachayachachi, Inca god, 242, 246
Paladino, Eusapia, case of, 325
Palmer, Mr., cited, 179
Paris, Abbè miracles wrought at his tomb, 18-20, 23
Parish, Herr, criticism of his reply to the arguments for telepathy,307-323cited, 8, 86, 107
Park, Mungo, on African beliefs, 221, 223
Pawnees, religious beliefs and practices of, 212, 224, 230, 233-236, 263
Payne, Mr., cited, 160, 161, 246
Peden, Rev. Mr., cited, 66
Pelippa, Captain, cited, 173
Pendulum experiment, a form of the, 151
Pepys, cited, 15
Peruvians, religious ideas and practices of, 75, 239-247
Phantasms of the Dead, 128
Phinuit, Dr. See Mrs. Piper
Piper, Mrs., the case of, 132, 136-141
Pliny, cited, 15
Plotinus, cited, 66
Plutarch, cited, 15
Podmore, Mr., on psychical research, 111, 325, 326, 328, 330-336, 338, 339
Poltergeist, the, and his explainers, 334-339
Polynesians, religious beliefs of, 7, 83, 251, 252, 256
Polytheism, 289, 291, 303
Porphyry, cited, 14
Powhattan, Virginian chief, 231, 232
Puluga, Andamanese Supreme Being, 195, 205, 228, 258, 262
Pundjel, Australian god, 258, 261, 262
Puységur, de, his discovery of hypnotic sleep, 29, cited, 76
Qat, Banks Islands deity, 189, 198, 199
Qing, Bushman, his ideas of the god Cang, 193, 196
Ravenwood, Master of, instanced, 126
Red Indians, beliefs and practices of, 3, 5, 6, 21, 22, 83, 104note, 128, 142, 143, 203
Regnard, M., cited, 71
Renan, M., cited, 285
Révillo, M., cited, 291, 293
Reynolds, Dr. Russell, cited, 22
Rhombos, use of the, 84
Ribot, M., cited, 132
Richet, Professor Charles, hypnotises Léonie, 75, 76 cited, 64, 73, 82, 154, 294
Ritter, Dr., believes in Siderism, 29
Romans, religious ideas of, 302
'Rose, Miss,' her experience of crystal-gazing, 90,91
Rose, Eliza, the case of, 326-330
Roskoff, cited, 42
Rowley, Mr., cited, 149
Russegger, cited, 212
Salcamayhua, cited, 246
Samoyeds, 58, 72
Sand, George, cited, 86
Santos, cited, 214
Saul and the Witch of Endor, 14
Scheffer, cited, 66, 70, 71, 81
Schoolcraft, Mr., cited, 236
Schrenck-Notzing, von, cited, 55note
Scot, Reginald, cited, 15
Scott, Rev. David Clement, cited, 49note, 106, 217, 218
Scott, Sir Walter, his attitude towards clairvoyance, 27 cited, 121, 126
Sebituane, case of, 135, 136
Second-sight, 56, 66, 78-81
Seer-binding, 143
Seers, 72
Shang-ti, Chinese Supreme Being, 245, 290, 291
Shortland, Mr., quoted, 113
Sidgwick, Professor, cited, 318, 332
Sioux, the, 236
Skidi or Wolf Pawnees, the, 233, 234
Smith, Mrs. Erminie, on crystal-gazing, 84
Smith, historian of Virginia, cited, 231, 232
Smith, Robertson, cited, 259, 261, 262, 281note, 298
Smyth, Brough, cited, 42, 178, 182, 293
Society for Psychical Research, 116, 118
Spencer, Herbert, on early religious ideas, 42, 43ghosts, 47Animism, 48note, 53, 54limits of savage language, 49the Fuegian Big Man, 174Australian marriage customs, 175Australian religion, 182men-gods, 186religion of Bushmen, 193ancestor-worship, 212, 213, 271-273cited, 162, 167, 170, 216, 218, 292
Spiritualism, 324-339.See Fetishism
Stade, Herr, cited, 276, 284, 285
Stanley, Hans, cited, 12
Starr, cited, 104note
Stoll, cited, 72
Strachey, William, cited, 229-232
Suetonius, cited, 15
Sully, Mr., cited. 295
Sun-worship, 238-245
Supreme Beings of savages, regarded as eternal, moral, and powerful, 193Cagn, the Bushman god, 193Puluga, the Andamanese god, 195savage mysteries and rites, 196alliance of ethics with religion, 196the Banks Islanders' belief in Tamate (ghosts) and Vui (Beings who neverhad been human), 197corporeal and incorporeal Vuis, 198sacrificial offerings to ghosts and spirits, 199the soul the complex of real bodiless after-images, 200Fijian belief, 200Ndengei, the Fijian chief god, 200, 201the idea of primeval Eternal Beings, 202the Great Spirit of North American tribes, 203dream origin of the ghost theory, 203Guiana Indian names indicating a belief in a Great Spirit, 203-206the God-cult abandoned for the Ghost-cult, 205Unkulunkulu, the Zulu Creator, 207-210the notion of a dead Maker, 208preference for serviceable family spirits, 209the Dinka Creator, 211African ancestor-worship, 212Mlungu, a deity formed by aggregation of departed spirits, 213ethical element in religious mysteries, 215the position of Mtanga, 216religious beliefs in the Blantyre region, 217, 218negro tendency to monotheism, 218beliefs in North and South Guinea, 220Mungo Park's observation of African beliefs, 221Islamic influence, 221the Tshi theory of a loan-god,' borrowed from Europeans, 222-228varieties of Tshi gods, 224, 225fetishes, 225Nana Nyankupon, the 'God of the Christians,' 225-229American Creators (see under), 230-252the Polynesian cult, 251, 252Chinese conceptions, 290-292
Swedenborg, Emanuel, visions of, 26 recovers Mme. Harteville's receipt, 26 his 'Arcana Coelestia,' 27 noticed by Kant, 28, 29, 59
Taa-Roa, Polynesian deity, 251, 252, 256, 280, 308
Table-turning, 151
Tahitians, 251
Taine, M., cited, 57
Ta-li-y-Tooboo, Tongan deity, 278, 279, 282
Tamate, Banks Islands ghosts, 197-199
Tamoi, the 'ancient of heaven,' 188
Tando, Gold Coast god, 225
Tanner, John, case of, 57, 128
Teed, Esther, the Amherst mystery, 333
Telepathy, oppositions of science to, 307 hallucination of memory, 307 presentiments, 308 dreams, 308, 309, 312 veridical hallucinations, 309, 311 coincidence in S.P.R.'s Census cases, 310 non-coincidental cases, 311 condition to beget hallucination, 312 hallucinations mere dreams, 312 crystal-gazing, 314-316 number of coincidences no proof, 316 association of ideas, 316 coincidental collective hallucinations, 317-323 See Crystal visions
Thomson, Basil, cited, 200note, 248, 249, 339
Thought-transference, 4, 29-32, 35 illustrative cases, 88-103
Thouvenel, M., cited, 152
Thyraeus on ghosts, 15
Tien, Chinese heaven, 290, 291
Ti-ra-wá, American Indian god, 234-236, 239
Tlapané, African wizard, 135
Tongans, religious beliefs of, 278-280
Tonkaways, American tribe, 233
Torfaeus, cited, 71
Totemism, 239, 241, 262, 263, 269, 270, 276
Tregear, Mr., on Maori ghost-seeing, 113
Tshi theory of a loan-god, 223-227
Tuckey, Dr. Lloyd, cited, 36
Tui Laga, Fijian deity, 249
Tundun, ancestor of the Kurnai, 181
Tylor, Mr., his test of recurrence, 41on anthropological origin of religion, 43on savage philosophy of super-normal phenomena, 45, 53disproves the assertion about 'godless' tribes, 47his term Animism, 48, 49theory of metaphysical genius in low savages, 51ghost-seers, 54on psychical conditions of contemporary savages, 54-56on the influence of Swedenborg, 59savage names for the ghost-soul, 60second-sight, 66mediums, 73dreams, 106hallucinations, 110-113, 117, 118demoniacal possession, 131fetishism, 148, 149, 165divining-rod, 153evolution of gods from ghosts, 163, 164fetish deities, 165dualistic idea, 166Supreme Being of savage creeds, 166, 167the degeneration theory, 170, 254confusion of thought upon religion, 182list of first ancestors deified, 188savage mysteries, 201savage Animism, 204Okeus and his rites, 231Pachacamac, 245Confucius's teaching, 290the mystagogue Home, 325levitation, 334cited, 50, 52, 53, 58, 59, 61-63, 78, 151, 161, 162, 170, 173, 184, 185,203, 231, 232, 246, 257, 293, 297
Tyndall, Professor, cited, 324
Uiracocha, Inca Creator, 242-246
Umabakulists, diviners by sticks, 151
Unkulunkulu, Zulu mythical first ancestor, 164, 168, 188, 202, 207, 220
Vincent, Mr., 29 on clairvoyance, 34, 36, 37
Virchow, cited, 19
Vui, non-ghost gods, 169, 197-200
Wabose, Catherine, Red Indian seeress, experience of, 73, 74
Waltz, cited, 177, 194note, 218-220, 222, 243
Wallace, Alfred Basset, on Hume's theory of 'miracles,' 17, 18on Ritter, 29on clairvoyance, 31
Wayao, Supreme Being of the, 213, 214
Wellhausen, cited, 277, 283, 285, 286, 298
Welton, Thomas, on the divining-rod, 154
Wesley, John, cited, 16
White, Joseph, spirit manifestations at his house, 326-331
Wierus, cited, 15
Williams, Mr., cited, 201, 248
Wilson, Mr., cited, 50, 219, 220
Windward Isles, ideas of a God in, 251
Witch of Endor, the, 14, 277, 278
Witchcraft, 14-16
Wodrow, Mr., cited, 16
Wolf tribes, 233
Wynne, Captain, cited, 335
Yama, Vedic-Aryan ghost-god, 188
Yaos, religious beliefs of, 150, 213, 214-216
Yerri Yuppon, good spirit of the Chonos, 175
York, a Fuegian, cited, 174
Yuncus, a Peruvian race, worship of, 240, 246
Zarate, Augustin de, cited, 240
Zoller, M., disturbances in the house of, 156, 157
Zulus, religious beliefs and customs of, 65, 66, 68, 70, 72, 85, 128, 141, 142, 150, 152, 207-210
Zuñis, hymns of the, 248, 251