[427]Nocito and Lombroso, Davide Lazzaretti (Archivio di Psichiatria, 1880, ii. Turin). In this article are detailed the causes of the error into which the experts fell—an error which cost the country an enormous expenditure and several human lives.[428]Lo Statute Civile del Regno Pontificio in Italia.[429]See Lombroso,Remarks on the Passanante Trial, 1876, pp. 16, 17.[430]Esquirol mentions a madwoman who said to him, “I have not the courage to kill myself; I must kill some one else, so that I can die.” She attempted the life of her daughter.[431]In spite of all this, six Italian mental specialists have declared Passanante free from all suspicion of insanity; and he is still confined in a convict prison.[432]See, for further details,Archivio di Psichiatria, vol. iv.[433]Las Neurosis de los Hombres celebres en la Historia Argentina, by José Maria Ramon Mejia, Buenos Ayres, 1878.[434]De Vita Propria.[435]Schurz, ii.[436]Ibid., p. 283.[437]January, 1765.[438]Of 45 insane writers referred to by Philomneste (op. cit.) there were—15 who devoted themselves to poetry, 12 to theology, 5 to prophecy, 3 to autobiography, 2 to mathematics, 2 to mental pathology, 2 to politics. Poetry predominates for the reason above given, while, on the other hand, theology, philosophy, and the like are more prominent in the mattoids.[439]Page 200.[440]He declares that musk reminds him of scarlet and gold, and describes “perfumes which have the smell of infants’ flesh, or of the dawn,” &c., &c.[441]Manso,Vita, p. 249.[442]Du Vin, i. 1880.[443]Schurz, i. 328.[444]Kreisleris, like himself, full of strange ideals, always at war with reality, and ends by becoming insane.[445]“Francesco, inferma, entro le membra infermeHo l’anima.”[446]Epistolario, iii. 1.[447]“Mad Nat Lee,” who was for a long time an inmate of Bedlam, minutely describes the insanity of genius in his poems;e.g., inCæsar Borgia:—“Like a poor lunatic that makes his moan,And, for a while, beguiles his lookers-on,He reasons well. His eyes their wildness lose,He vows his keepers his wronged sense abuse,But if you hit the cause that hurts his brain,Then his teeth gnash, he foams, he shakes his chain.”See Winslow,Obscure Diseases of the Brain, p. 210, London, 1863. See also the chapter “On the Art of Insanity,” for proofs of a like tendency on the part of insane painters.[448]“Vi son dei giorni che il mio cor vien menoE il fango mi conquista.”[449]“Venga l’obbrobrio—dell’uomo sobrio;Venga il disprezzo del genere umano;Venga l’inferno—del Padre Eterno;Vi scenderò col mio bicchiere in mano.”[450]See Dilthey,Dichterische Einbildungskraft und Wahnsinn, Leipzig, 1886.[451]Letter from Edmond de Goncourt to Emile Zola (Lettres de Jules de Goncourt, Paris, 1885).[452]Déjerine,De l’Hérédité dans les Maladies, 1886; Ribot,De l’Hérédité, 1878; Ireland,The Blot upon the Brain, 1885.[453]See Part II., pp. 126-132. I must rectify a mistake I have made in not assigning sufficient importance to the influence of race in France. In fact, in revising my studies on a large scale, I find that the departments peopled by the Belgio-Germanic race yield the maximum proportion of geniuses as 40 per cent., while the Celtic departments yielded only 13·5 per cent., and the Iberian 20 per cent.[454]T. Gautier, according to the Goncourts, often declared that he could not—on account of his youth—convince himself that he was really the father of his daughter (Journal des Goncourt, 1888). “La Fontaine was not far removed from a bad man,” says Bourget. “What are we to think of a husband who deserts his young wife and his child, without any motive whatever?” Stendhal (Beyle) hated his father and was hated by him; he always declared his invincible repugnance towards compulsory family affection (Bourget,Essais de Psychologie, p. 310). “I consecrated myself to grief for her,” wrote Chateaubriand of Pauline de Baumont. “ ... She had not been dead six months, when her place was filled in my heart” (Ibid.).[455]Revue Littéraire, Aug. 15, 1887, No. 3.[456]Lombroso,Delitti politici, 1890.[457]Correspondance, 1889, p. 538.[458]Feeri,Nuova Antologia, 1889.[459]SeeArchivio di Psichiatria, vol. ii.;L’Uomo Delinquente, part iii.[460]Encéphale, No. 5, 1887.[461]See the table in Déjerine,op. cit.[462]Mahomet had a strange fondness for his monkey; Richelieu for his squirrel; Crébillon, Helvetius, Bentham, Erskine, for cats—the latter also for a leech. Schopenhauer was very fond of dogs, and named them his heirs; and Byron had a regular menagerie of ten horses, eight dogs, three monkeys, five cats, five peacocks, an eagle, and a bear. Alfieri had a passion for horses. (Smiles,op. cit.)[463]Le Epilessie, p. 19, Turin, 1880.[464]Shenstone, Darwin, Swift, and Walter Scott were subject to giddiness (Smiles).[465]SeeL’Uomo Delinquente, part iii. p. 623.[466]“There is a fatality,” says Goncourt, “in the first chance which suggests your idea. Then there is anunknown force,a superior will, a sort of necessity of writing which command your work and guide your pen; so much so, that sometimes the book which leaves your hands does not seem to have come out of yourself; it astonishes you, like something which was in you, and of which you were unconscious. That is the impression whichSœur Philomènegives me” (Journal des Goncourt, Paris, 1888). Even Buffon, who had said that invention depends on patience, adds, “One must look at one’s subject for a long time; then it gradually unfolds and develops itself; you feel a slight electric shock strike your head and at the same time seize you at the heart; that is the moment of genius.”[467]Evidently the author himself.[468]Dostoïeffsky,Besi, Paris.[469]Archivio di Psichiatria, ix. 1., p. 89.[470]Taine,Revue des Deux Mondes—Dec. 1886, and Jan. 1887.[471]Renan, inLes Apôtres.[472]Renan.[473]Tonnini,Epilessie, 1886;Archivio di Psichiatria, 1886.[474]Les Hystériques, Paris, 1883.[475]Vinson,Les religions actuelles, 1884; Luke ii. 49; Matt. xii. 48; Mark iii. 33.[476]Anfosso,La Légende religieuse au moyen-âge, 1887.[477]On altruism in moral insanity and epilepsy, seeL’Uomo Delinquente, pp. 556, 557. We have seen St. Francis love even the stars, the water, the fire, &c., and—abandon his family![478]Lombroso,Studii sull’ipnotismo, 3rd ed.; Azam,Hypnotisme, Double Conscience; Beaunis,Le somnambulisme provoqué, La suggestion mentale; Drs. H. Bourru and P. Burot, Dugay, Richet, Janet,Revue Philosophique, 1884-89; Krafft-Ebing,Ueber den Hypnotismus, 1889; Jendrassik,Ueber die Suggestion, 1887; Binet and Feré,La Polarisation, 1885; Ibid.,Le magnétisme animal; Beard,Nature and Phenomena of Trance, New York, 1880; Lombroso and Ottolenghi,Nuovi Studii sull’ipnotismo, 1890, andSulla Transmissione del Pensiero, 1891.[479]Revue Littéraire, 1887.[480]Michelangelo Buonarroti; Epistolario, publicato da G. Milanese.1888.[481]Michelangelo Buonarroti, di F. Parlagreco, 1888.[482]Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 1888.[483]Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, vol. i. p. 149.[484]Letters, vol. i.[485]Quoted by Parant. Regnard,Sorcellerie, 1887.[486]Regnard,Sorcellerie, 1887.[487]Ibid.
[427]Nocito and Lombroso, Davide Lazzaretti (Archivio di Psichiatria, 1880, ii. Turin). In this article are detailed the causes of the error into which the experts fell—an error which cost the country an enormous expenditure and several human lives.
[427]Nocito and Lombroso, Davide Lazzaretti (Archivio di Psichiatria, 1880, ii. Turin). In this article are detailed the causes of the error into which the experts fell—an error which cost the country an enormous expenditure and several human lives.
[428]Lo Statute Civile del Regno Pontificio in Italia.
[428]Lo Statute Civile del Regno Pontificio in Italia.
[429]See Lombroso,Remarks on the Passanante Trial, 1876, pp. 16, 17.
[429]See Lombroso,Remarks on the Passanante Trial, 1876, pp. 16, 17.
[430]Esquirol mentions a madwoman who said to him, “I have not the courage to kill myself; I must kill some one else, so that I can die.” She attempted the life of her daughter.
[430]Esquirol mentions a madwoman who said to him, “I have not the courage to kill myself; I must kill some one else, so that I can die.” She attempted the life of her daughter.
[431]In spite of all this, six Italian mental specialists have declared Passanante free from all suspicion of insanity; and he is still confined in a convict prison.
[431]In spite of all this, six Italian mental specialists have declared Passanante free from all suspicion of insanity; and he is still confined in a convict prison.
[432]See, for further details,Archivio di Psichiatria, vol. iv.
[432]See, for further details,Archivio di Psichiatria, vol. iv.
[433]Las Neurosis de los Hombres celebres en la Historia Argentina, by José Maria Ramon Mejia, Buenos Ayres, 1878.
[433]Las Neurosis de los Hombres celebres en la Historia Argentina, by José Maria Ramon Mejia, Buenos Ayres, 1878.
[434]De Vita Propria.
[434]De Vita Propria.
[435]Schurz, ii.
[435]Schurz, ii.
[436]Ibid., p. 283.
[436]Ibid., p. 283.
[437]January, 1765.
[437]January, 1765.
[438]Of 45 insane writers referred to by Philomneste (op. cit.) there were—15 who devoted themselves to poetry, 12 to theology, 5 to prophecy, 3 to autobiography, 2 to mathematics, 2 to mental pathology, 2 to politics. Poetry predominates for the reason above given, while, on the other hand, theology, philosophy, and the like are more prominent in the mattoids.
[438]Of 45 insane writers referred to by Philomneste (op. cit.) there were—15 who devoted themselves to poetry, 12 to theology, 5 to prophecy, 3 to autobiography, 2 to mathematics, 2 to mental pathology, 2 to politics. Poetry predominates for the reason above given, while, on the other hand, theology, philosophy, and the like are more prominent in the mattoids.
[439]Page 200.
[439]Page 200.
[440]He declares that musk reminds him of scarlet and gold, and describes “perfumes which have the smell of infants’ flesh, or of the dawn,” &c., &c.
[440]He declares that musk reminds him of scarlet and gold, and describes “perfumes which have the smell of infants’ flesh, or of the dawn,” &c., &c.
[441]Manso,Vita, p. 249.
[441]Manso,Vita, p. 249.
[442]Du Vin, i. 1880.
[442]Du Vin, i. 1880.
[443]Schurz, i. 328.
[443]Schurz, i. 328.
[444]Kreisleris, like himself, full of strange ideals, always at war with reality, and ends by becoming insane.
[444]Kreisleris, like himself, full of strange ideals, always at war with reality, and ends by becoming insane.
[445]“Francesco, inferma, entro le membra infermeHo l’anima.”
[445]
“Francesco, inferma, entro le membra infermeHo l’anima.”
“Francesco, inferma, entro le membra infermeHo l’anima.”
“Francesco, inferma, entro le membra infermeHo l’anima.”
[446]Epistolario, iii. 1.
[446]Epistolario, iii. 1.
[447]“Mad Nat Lee,” who was for a long time an inmate of Bedlam, minutely describes the insanity of genius in his poems;e.g., inCæsar Borgia:—“Like a poor lunatic that makes his moan,And, for a while, beguiles his lookers-on,He reasons well. His eyes their wildness lose,He vows his keepers his wronged sense abuse,But if you hit the cause that hurts his brain,Then his teeth gnash, he foams, he shakes his chain.”See Winslow,Obscure Diseases of the Brain, p. 210, London, 1863. See also the chapter “On the Art of Insanity,” for proofs of a like tendency on the part of insane painters.
[447]“Mad Nat Lee,” who was for a long time an inmate of Bedlam, minutely describes the insanity of genius in his poems;e.g., inCæsar Borgia:—
“Like a poor lunatic that makes his moan,And, for a while, beguiles his lookers-on,He reasons well. His eyes their wildness lose,He vows his keepers his wronged sense abuse,But if you hit the cause that hurts his brain,Then his teeth gnash, he foams, he shakes his chain.”
“Like a poor lunatic that makes his moan,And, for a while, beguiles his lookers-on,He reasons well. His eyes their wildness lose,He vows his keepers his wronged sense abuse,But if you hit the cause that hurts his brain,Then his teeth gnash, he foams, he shakes his chain.”
“Like a poor lunatic that makes his moan,And, for a while, beguiles his lookers-on,He reasons well. His eyes their wildness lose,He vows his keepers his wronged sense abuse,But if you hit the cause that hurts his brain,Then his teeth gnash, he foams, he shakes his chain.”
See Winslow,Obscure Diseases of the Brain, p. 210, London, 1863. See also the chapter “On the Art of Insanity,” for proofs of a like tendency on the part of insane painters.
[448]“Vi son dei giorni che il mio cor vien menoE il fango mi conquista.”
[448]
“Vi son dei giorni che il mio cor vien menoE il fango mi conquista.”
“Vi son dei giorni che il mio cor vien menoE il fango mi conquista.”
“Vi son dei giorni che il mio cor vien menoE il fango mi conquista.”
[449]“Venga l’obbrobrio—dell’uomo sobrio;Venga il disprezzo del genere umano;Venga l’inferno—del Padre Eterno;Vi scenderò col mio bicchiere in mano.”
[449]
“Venga l’obbrobrio—dell’uomo sobrio;Venga il disprezzo del genere umano;Venga l’inferno—del Padre Eterno;Vi scenderò col mio bicchiere in mano.”
“Venga l’obbrobrio—dell’uomo sobrio;Venga il disprezzo del genere umano;Venga l’inferno—del Padre Eterno;Vi scenderò col mio bicchiere in mano.”
“Venga l’obbrobrio—dell’uomo sobrio;Venga il disprezzo del genere umano;Venga l’inferno—del Padre Eterno;Vi scenderò col mio bicchiere in mano.”
[450]See Dilthey,Dichterische Einbildungskraft und Wahnsinn, Leipzig, 1886.
[450]See Dilthey,Dichterische Einbildungskraft und Wahnsinn, Leipzig, 1886.
[451]Letter from Edmond de Goncourt to Emile Zola (Lettres de Jules de Goncourt, Paris, 1885).
[451]Letter from Edmond de Goncourt to Emile Zola (Lettres de Jules de Goncourt, Paris, 1885).
[452]Déjerine,De l’Hérédité dans les Maladies, 1886; Ribot,De l’Hérédité, 1878; Ireland,The Blot upon the Brain, 1885.
[452]Déjerine,De l’Hérédité dans les Maladies, 1886; Ribot,De l’Hérédité, 1878; Ireland,The Blot upon the Brain, 1885.
[453]See Part II., pp. 126-132. I must rectify a mistake I have made in not assigning sufficient importance to the influence of race in France. In fact, in revising my studies on a large scale, I find that the departments peopled by the Belgio-Germanic race yield the maximum proportion of geniuses as 40 per cent., while the Celtic departments yielded only 13·5 per cent., and the Iberian 20 per cent.
[453]See Part II., pp. 126-132. I must rectify a mistake I have made in not assigning sufficient importance to the influence of race in France. In fact, in revising my studies on a large scale, I find that the departments peopled by the Belgio-Germanic race yield the maximum proportion of geniuses as 40 per cent., while the Celtic departments yielded only 13·5 per cent., and the Iberian 20 per cent.
[454]T. Gautier, according to the Goncourts, often declared that he could not—on account of his youth—convince himself that he was really the father of his daughter (Journal des Goncourt, 1888). “La Fontaine was not far removed from a bad man,” says Bourget. “What are we to think of a husband who deserts his young wife and his child, without any motive whatever?” Stendhal (Beyle) hated his father and was hated by him; he always declared his invincible repugnance towards compulsory family affection (Bourget,Essais de Psychologie, p. 310). “I consecrated myself to grief for her,” wrote Chateaubriand of Pauline de Baumont. “ ... She had not been dead six months, when her place was filled in my heart” (Ibid.).
[454]T. Gautier, according to the Goncourts, often declared that he could not—on account of his youth—convince himself that he was really the father of his daughter (Journal des Goncourt, 1888). “La Fontaine was not far removed from a bad man,” says Bourget. “What are we to think of a husband who deserts his young wife and his child, without any motive whatever?” Stendhal (Beyle) hated his father and was hated by him; he always declared his invincible repugnance towards compulsory family affection (Bourget,Essais de Psychologie, p. 310). “I consecrated myself to grief for her,” wrote Chateaubriand of Pauline de Baumont. “ ... She had not been dead six months, when her place was filled in my heart” (Ibid.).
[455]Revue Littéraire, Aug. 15, 1887, No. 3.
[455]Revue Littéraire, Aug. 15, 1887, No. 3.
[456]Lombroso,Delitti politici, 1890.
[456]Lombroso,Delitti politici, 1890.
[457]Correspondance, 1889, p. 538.
[457]Correspondance, 1889, p. 538.
[458]Feeri,Nuova Antologia, 1889.
[458]Feeri,Nuova Antologia, 1889.
[459]SeeArchivio di Psichiatria, vol. ii.;L’Uomo Delinquente, part iii.
[459]SeeArchivio di Psichiatria, vol. ii.;L’Uomo Delinquente, part iii.
[460]Encéphale, No. 5, 1887.
[460]Encéphale, No. 5, 1887.
[461]See the table in Déjerine,op. cit.
[461]See the table in Déjerine,op. cit.
[462]Mahomet had a strange fondness for his monkey; Richelieu for his squirrel; Crébillon, Helvetius, Bentham, Erskine, for cats—the latter also for a leech. Schopenhauer was very fond of dogs, and named them his heirs; and Byron had a regular menagerie of ten horses, eight dogs, three monkeys, five cats, five peacocks, an eagle, and a bear. Alfieri had a passion for horses. (Smiles,op. cit.)
[462]Mahomet had a strange fondness for his monkey; Richelieu for his squirrel; Crébillon, Helvetius, Bentham, Erskine, for cats—the latter also for a leech. Schopenhauer was very fond of dogs, and named them his heirs; and Byron had a regular menagerie of ten horses, eight dogs, three monkeys, five cats, five peacocks, an eagle, and a bear. Alfieri had a passion for horses. (Smiles,op. cit.)
[463]Le Epilessie, p. 19, Turin, 1880.
[463]Le Epilessie, p. 19, Turin, 1880.
[464]Shenstone, Darwin, Swift, and Walter Scott were subject to giddiness (Smiles).
[464]Shenstone, Darwin, Swift, and Walter Scott were subject to giddiness (Smiles).
[465]SeeL’Uomo Delinquente, part iii. p. 623.
[465]SeeL’Uomo Delinquente, part iii. p. 623.
[466]“There is a fatality,” says Goncourt, “in the first chance which suggests your idea. Then there is anunknown force,a superior will, a sort of necessity of writing which command your work and guide your pen; so much so, that sometimes the book which leaves your hands does not seem to have come out of yourself; it astonishes you, like something which was in you, and of which you were unconscious. That is the impression whichSœur Philomènegives me” (Journal des Goncourt, Paris, 1888). Even Buffon, who had said that invention depends on patience, adds, “One must look at one’s subject for a long time; then it gradually unfolds and develops itself; you feel a slight electric shock strike your head and at the same time seize you at the heart; that is the moment of genius.”
[466]“There is a fatality,” says Goncourt, “in the first chance which suggests your idea. Then there is anunknown force,a superior will, a sort of necessity of writing which command your work and guide your pen; so much so, that sometimes the book which leaves your hands does not seem to have come out of yourself; it astonishes you, like something which was in you, and of which you were unconscious. That is the impression whichSœur Philomènegives me” (Journal des Goncourt, Paris, 1888). Even Buffon, who had said that invention depends on patience, adds, “One must look at one’s subject for a long time; then it gradually unfolds and develops itself; you feel a slight electric shock strike your head and at the same time seize you at the heart; that is the moment of genius.”
[467]Evidently the author himself.
[467]Evidently the author himself.
[468]Dostoïeffsky,Besi, Paris.
[468]Dostoïeffsky,Besi, Paris.
[469]Archivio di Psichiatria, ix. 1., p. 89.
[469]Archivio di Psichiatria, ix. 1., p. 89.
[470]Taine,Revue des Deux Mondes—Dec. 1886, and Jan. 1887.
[470]Taine,Revue des Deux Mondes—Dec. 1886, and Jan. 1887.
[471]Renan, inLes Apôtres.
[471]Renan, inLes Apôtres.
[472]Renan.
[472]Renan.
[473]Tonnini,Epilessie, 1886;Archivio di Psichiatria, 1886.
[473]Tonnini,Epilessie, 1886;Archivio di Psichiatria, 1886.
[474]Les Hystériques, Paris, 1883.
[474]Les Hystériques, Paris, 1883.
[475]Vinson,Les religions actuelles, 1884; Luke ii. 49; Matt. xii. 48; Mark iii. 33.
[475]Vinson,Les religions actuelles, 1884; Luke ii. 49; Matt. xii. 48; Mark iii. 33.
[476]Anfosso,La Légende religieuse au moyen-âge, 1887.
[476]Anfosso,La Légende religieuse au moyen-âge, 1887.
[477]On altruism in moral insanity and epilepsy, seeL’Uomo Delinquente, pp. 556, 557. We have seen St. Francis love even the stars, the water, the fire, &c., and—abandon his family!
[477]On altruism in moral insanity and epilepsy, seeL’Uomo Delinquente, pp. 556, 557. We have seen St. Francis love even the stars, the water, the fire, &c., and—abandon his family!
[478]Lombroso,Studii sull’ipnotismo, 3rd ed.; Azam,Hypnotisme, Double Conscience; Beaunis,Le somnambulisme provoqué, La suggestion mentale; Drs. H. Bourru and P. Burot, Dugay, Richet, Janet,Revue Philosophique, 1884-89; Krafft-Ebing,Ueber den Hypnotismus, 1889; Jendrassik,Ueber die Suggestion, 1887; Binet and Feré,La Polarisation, 1885; Ibid.,Le magnétisme animal; Beard,Nature and Phenomena of Trance, New York, 1880; Lombroso and Ottolenghi,Nuovi Studii sull’ipnotismo, 1890, andSulla Transmissione del Pensiero, 1891.
[478]Lombroso,Studii sull’ipnotismo, 3rd ed.; Azam,Hypnotisme, Double Conscience; Beaunis,Le somnambulisme provoqué, La suggestion mentale; Drs. H. Bourru and P. Burot, Dugay, Richet, Janet,Revue Philosophique, 1884-89; Krafft-Ebing,Ueber den Hypnotismus, 1889; Jendrassik,Ueber die Suggestion, 1887; Binet and Feré,La Polarisation, 1885; Ibid.,Le magnétisme animal; Beard,Nature and Phenomena of Trance, New York, 1880; Lombroso and Ottolenghi,Nuovi Studii sull’ipnotismo, 1890, andSulla Transmissione del Pensiero, 1891.
[479]Revue Littéraire, 1887.
[479]Revue Littéraire, 1887.
[480]Michelangelo Buonarroti; Epistolario, publicato da G. Milanese.1888.
[480]Michelangelo Buonarroti; Epistolario, publicato da G. Milanese.1888.
[481]Michelangelo Buonarroti, di F. Parlagreco, 1888.
[481]Michelangelo Buonarroti, di F. Parlagreco, 1888.
[482]Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 1888.
[482]Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 1888.
[483]Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, vol. i. p. 149.
[483]Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, vol. i. p. 149.
[484]Letters, vol. i.
[484]Letters, vol. i.
[485]Quoted by Parant. Regnard,Sorcellerie, 1887.
[485]Quoted by Parant. Regnard,Sorcellerie, 1887.
[486]Regnard,Sorcellerie, 1887.
[486]Regnard,Sorcellerie, 1887.
[487]Ibid.
[487]Ibid.