THE EVOLUTION OF LIBERTYGenerations have succeeded themselves on one same region of the earth that while some have manifested a great creative activity, others have remained inactive and impenetrable to all activity. In a primary society, suddenly, an awakening begins that is transmitted to generations in the future until a maximum creative power is reached, later observing a decrease of activity, a descent of the mentioned power, decadence, prostration and ignorance.Man and his generations, the individual and his collectivities, all obey a mathematical process. Nations evolve, progress, decline and rise again, following cycles that are politically, socially, artistically, philosophically and scientifically perfect. Nothing is attributable to chance. The appearance or disappearance of the great empires, the creation of architectural styles, the great discoveries, the great philosophical concepts obey a mechanism that is as precise as that of a clock.Thus, Cecilio Acosta says: “What is difficult in history is not the events that are picked up like grains in a full granary; what is difficult is being able to choose them and, with them, form one whole”.The mathematics of history chronologically presents events and their regular variations, the mathematical historical cycle of humanity’s past up to the present time. Man with his ability and knowledge can conquer the negative aspects of his history as he has been able to do in other fields, with mental and spiritual improvement that he can develop and thus improve his destiny, not condemning himself to the future.Liberty evolves and its various laws are positive bases and structures of good, that allow to sublimate man’s life, projecting with mathematical precision his progress and free exercise to act.The mathematics of history makes its analysis since the beginning of the so called historical era: Iran’s culture, between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf (5000 years B.C.), the Sumerian,the Chaldeanin the Mediterranean Coast, the Egyptian, the Greco-Roman, the Roman-Gothic (Western), with its creative zone between the Ebro river (Spain) and the mouth of the Rhine river (France, Belgium and Holland); that of India, China, Japan; that of the Nordic Countries and, the Slavic culture, the pre-Columbian cultures: the Mayan and Inca, as well as the process in the Columbian era with the United States of America up to the process of the Hispanic-Portuguese-American countries.The mathematical law of history is applied, showing itself as the creative force of the great nations it moved in Europe and adjacent areas, originating the Persian, Carthaginian, Roman, Macedonian, Visigoth, French and Teutonic Empires in the first cycle. The Turkish, Spanish, French, English and German ones in the second historical cycle, in chronological order.In the area of the Slavic Nations, they are ending the first cycle of 1,700 years by the year 2000 and begin the phase of Great Demographic Fractionation. Continental China or People’s Republic of China develop the last nucleus of Unification starting in the year 1950, in its second cycle of 1700 years. Japan is at its highest phase, developing its first nucleus of Unification of the first cycle of 1700 years.In the Americas it moves from North to South: The United States of America, the North of South America: the Great Colombia of the XXI Century, Brazil and the area of Rio de la Plata.The mathematics of history is not the historical determinism that we already know. Bolivarian thought was in use and will be in use in the time and in the space of mathematics.In the Spanish American section of the November, 1970 issue of the European magazine SP, there is an article by the name: “Bolívar: Witness 70” that says in part: “However, and as Ernesto Jiménez Caballero states, this process of integration, the Liberator’s dream, would have been forged even without Spain. On the one hand, the liberal bourgeoisie proceeding from the revolutions of 1776 in North America and 1789 in France, would succeed in having a United Nations and an Organization of American States. Bolívar, in his conception, would have united NATO and the Common Market at a Hispanic American scale, under one sole agreement”.“If the proposal made by Bolívar for the creation of a block of political ideology was important, the creation of an economic community was just as important”. “... it is debated in the formation of economic blocks: ALALO, the Andean Pact, the Central American Common Market, geared towards achieving, as much as possible, economic independence from the powerful North Continental Nation”.With regards to the Great Colombia of the XIX Century, it was not consolidated as is shown in the book “Mathematical-Historical Principles”, due to the lack of a process at the end of which great nations are formed, but it is an historical fact that indicates ahead of time the geopolitical, geoethnic, geohistorical and geostrategic conceptions of his genius and that will be developed for the XXI Century.From the “Inter Continental acknowledgement of the book Mathematical-Historical Principles” and of its 122 pages of letters, I transcribe the following:-From the Cultural Attaché of the German Embassy: “...I know well the works of Spengler and Toynbee, but I must confess that I have been precisely impressed by the mathematical component and its determination of 1,700 years. I only have the knowledge that, a short time ago the thesis formulated by Professor Wilhelm Fuks of the Higher Technical School of Aquisgran in his work “Formenl Zur Macht” found extraordinary attention in Germany. In it, the diverse elements that are of importance to the political weight of a nation or of a group of nations have been analyzed and, from them, consequences have been extracted on future projections for the next decades. Surely the point of departure of the mathematics of history is different but, as I understand, its intention is analogous where its goal is concerned. There may even be determinate points o contact”.-From the Superior School of War of the Federal Republic of Germany: “You have undertaken an interesting trial, to demonstrate maturity in history that is dependent on mathematical legality, in a way that this trial is a prominent and magnificent finding that is demonstrated in your work”.-From the Superior School of War of France: “The Colonel Director of the School’s Third cycle, directs his warmest congratulations to Colonel Fernández Bolívar, of the Venezuelan Army, for the noteworthy report that he has prepared regarding the application of the mathematics of history in the case of the French Nation. He hopes that he will continue his impassionate studies in this sense which have caught the attention of the Highest National Authorities”.-From the Director of the Military Staff of the Inter-Forces of Italy: “...the difficulty in the language has only delayed its reading, but it has not decreased the interest that was awakened in me by the synthesis. The conclusions that you reach applying the original method of analysis have been for me a motive for deep meditation”.The author and discoverer of the Mathematics of History, Dr. Alejandro Deulofeu, says in one of his conclusions: “All nations are the same.... there are no privileged nations and unfortunate nations, nor nations having a dominating spirit and peaceful nations, nor creative nations and incapable nations...far from it, all nations are creative and stop being so, according to certain conditions of space and time...certain mathematical conditions”.The Mathematics of History shows that liberty evolves. In an analysis, ever since 5100 years B.C., the beginning of the so called historical era, Dr. Deulofeu, in the cycle of 1700 years and, concretely in the phase of Great Demographic Fractionation, observes that liberty, in that geohistorical framework, ascends, and thus it is seen in the attached culture model graph.In the following phase of Great Unification that completes the cycle of 1700 years, liberty declines up to a point, and ascends once again. This curve in its totality approximates or is almost the same to a sinusoid (the graph of the function of the sine function in trigonometry).These changes are due to the geographic-historical factor of independent cities, states or provinces up to the formation of the nation (era of great unification), because the national authority of the corresponding capital exercises its domination throughout the country.In the area of the town, city or province, state or nation, the direct election of the executive and legislative authorities gives liberty and progress a remarkable evolution to the rights of man. Dr. Deulofeu calls this tendency Oscillating Law (two steps forward and one backwards) and clearly indicates that this is due to the modifications of the laws in effect, and in cases originated by force, it is a passing situation due to the lack of culture and education.Regarding culture and education Dr. Deulofeu says: “If we join Ionia, Greece and the Magna Graecia or Meridional Italy by a straight line, we find a length that is sensibly equal to the line that, starting from the mouth o the Ebro river (Spain), reaches the mouth of the Rhine river (France, Belgium and Holland), that is, that the creative zones of the cycles are sensibly equal in extension”.We are at the projection of the so called Western Culture, whose mother continent is Europe. He continues to say: “History is developed by the historical phases of each nation, its progress, its stability, difficulties and high points, it is not due to men in a particular or providential manner. Its historical process and socioeconomic development expresses the historical phase of the nation. Political wars have not been won or lost due to an individual person but rather are consequence of the historical phase that the country develops”.In the Americas, the Columbian period, and up to the present time, the Unification phase is not produced after the era of Great Fractionation within the evolution of a culture, nor an empire that substitutes another one that is disintegrated within one of the cycles, but it is an empire that is formed with elements coming from other empires, in a full expansive or decadent phase, over a country in the state of primary life. Dr. Deulofeu says: “.... the constitution of a nucleus of unification in these conditions stands back from those that, up to the present time, I have been able to precisely state, that is, those already included within the cultures that unfailingly and with an impressive precision obey the mathematical-historical process. In any case, from the study of the territories that today make up the different nations of the American Continent, from the moment that the Conquistadors arrived and up to the present time, it can be deduced that the constitution of these nuclei over countries in a state of primary life, is the same followed by nuclei within a culture when it reaches the end of its era of Great Demographic Fractionation. Thus, in fact, with the conquistadors the colonizers arrive and they begin to take hold of the country, taking the lands that are pleasing to them and cultivating them. At the beginning these families are totally independent, having no laws except for those they impose on themselves.The aspect is then the patriarchal regime, with the father as the absolute head of the family. As families increase, territories are occupied, and an organization is soon imposed, regulations between families and the fatherland. In the centers where merchants and businessmen meet population nuclei begin to constitute themselves and cities begin to be formed; each time a more precise organization is imposed, and governors and some states will follow.Finally an assembly constituted by representatives of each one of the states is established. It is exactly the same evolution that we have seen in all known civilizations starting from the feudal phase, serfs and slaves also existing also in them”.In addition to the historical cycle, there are artistic, philosophical, social phases, etc. “Man is basically what education makes of him”, said the great philosophers.Then, cycles, their internal articulations and changes are normally peaceful. Dr. Deulofeu indicates that the difference between the beginning and the development of the United States, the Latin American Countries and Brazil, is due to the fact that when they became independent from their fatherlands, the phase in Great Britain was that of expansion while the Spanish and Portuguese Empires were declining.In the mathematics of history, there takes place the beginning of the relative Independence phase that is characterized by an effervescence, political and social instability so that afterwards a period of progress begins.In conclusion: Hispanic American Countries evolve towards a Unification, integration, in an era of expansion and highest degree of perfection, to a greater or lesser extent, according to their own geographical location and geostrategic, geopolitical and mathematical-historical characteristicsThe historical process indicated in the work of Dr. Deulofeu, has been mathematically fulfilled, 50 years having already passed since the publication of his first book in Catalan.My thesis of Paris and the book “Mathematical Historical Principles”, published in 1967, already 30 years ago, ratifies the international success and projection of the mathematics of history. In the second edition of this book (1993), the pertinent indications of events already fulfilled were made, among others: the fractionation of the U.S.S.R., the unification of Germany, the historical process of Japan, China and the United States of America.MATHEMATICAL-HISTORICAL CYCLE MODEL OF A HISPANIC-AMERICAN COUNTRY: VENEZUELAThe Pre-Columbian stage, the Colony, 1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4thRepublic, that begins in 1830 with the separation of the Great Colombia (the Constitution of December 24), make up Venezuelan History.The 4thRepublic has four defined stages or cycles:1.General José Antonio Páez (1831-1863), including the sub-period of the Monagas Generals.2.General Guzmán Blanco (1870-1888).3.Generals Castro and Gómez (1899-1935).4.Initiated on October 18, 1945.Páez, Guzmán Blanco, Castro, Gómez and Pérez Jiménez- Betancourt, are the men who are the central points of their stage, each one within his political framework. In these cycles we find that, in the Presidency, there are alternating persons, who do not repeat their term.Some transition periods between the mentioned phases, complete the historical scenario: between Páez and Guzmán Blanco (1863-1870), between Guzmán Blanco and Castro-Gómez (1888-1899) and between Gómez and 10/18/1945 (Generals López Contreras and Medina).Three cycles have already been fulfilled, and the 4th, initiated with Pérez Jiménez- Betancourt, is under evolution.Gil Fortoul writes: “The date of August 29 marks the agony of the régime established in 1830”.Of General Páez, Dr. Quintero states in his manifest, before leaving for Curazao: “It has been already evidenced that there is no government possible for Venezuela, while General Páez resides in it”.Siso Martínez writes of Guzmán Blanco: “He constitutes the most outstanding political personality in the second half of the XIX Century”.In “The Man and his History”, Gil Fortoul writes: “Guzmán governed 18 years, either as President, either as one who inspired national politics, imitating with this the role that Páez represented from 1830 to 1848”. Díaz Sánchez states: “In his personality the most mysterious forces of history and geography are found”, when he wrote about Guzmán Blanco.Of General Gómez, Siso Martínez writes in his History of Venezuela: “The Gómez autocracy that exists since 1908 up to December, 1935, constitutes the most dilated power concentrated in the hands of one man throughout our restless history, it is a consequence of a political and social evolution”.From the new edition of syntheses of world history congresses and different works and files of this nature, by Henry Berr, I have concluded: “History has begun because it is life, life is a continuing history. In reality, the past and the present are indissoluble”. “Man will never understand well his present but through his past, his past and then his present”. “The work of the historian is to unite more closely to the past, the future to the present; he should live from his time, he should remember and study the past in order to search a better and more fertile future”.ANNEX NO. 1FIRST CYCLESECOND CYCLE1stGreat demographic fractionation wave.2ndGreat demographic fractionation wave.900 B.C.17 Centuries later. 800 A.D.Power is in the hands of the sacerdotal aristocracy.Priests govern the cities. The Autochthonous population is in a régime based on clientele régime. Cultural inactivity.Power is in the hands of the feudal aristocracy. Bishops are the ones who govern. The population is under the serfdom régime. Cultural inactivity.From 900 to 500 B.C.17 Centuries later. 800 to 1200 A.D.The clientele gradually improves its condition and goes on to constitute in its majority a middle class, a minority becomes rich with the development of commerce and industry and constitutes a new class: the rich aristocracy.The serfs of the soil gradually improve their condition and go on to constitute, in their majority, a middle class, a minority becomes rich with commerce and industry and constitutes a new class: the aristocracy of the rich.From 500 to 250 B.C.17 Centuries later. 1200 to 1400 A.D.Power goes to the hands of the aristocracy of the rich or high bourgeoisie, and afterwards to the middle class orpetit bourgeoisie(democracy).Power goes to the hands of the high bourgeoisie and forthwith, to the middle class (democracy).THE TWO IMPERIALIST WAVESWith the two imperial waves we reach our time. In order to know with more detail the events that came about, we are going to follow the same parallel but stopping at each one of the nations.1stWave.2ndWave.450 B.C.17 Centuries later. 1250 A.D.The Cities of Ionia fall under the hegemony of the Persian Empire.The Cities of Ionia fall under the hegemony of the Turkish Empire.G R E E C E350 B.C.1350 A.D.The Macedonian Empire extends its hegemony over Greece.The Turkish Empire extends its hegemony over Greece.270 y 230 B.C.17 Centuries later. 1430 and 1470 A.D.The Empires of Rome and Carthage establish their hegemony over the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas.The Austrian and Spanish Empires establish their hegemony over the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas.We observe this interesting event: in the first Imperial process, the unifying wave advances thanks to the appearance of four different Empires of Persia, Macedonia, Carthaginian and Rome, and end with one sole empire, the Roman. But in the second wave the contrary occurs, the unifying process starts only with the Turkish Empire and ends with the four Empires of Austria, Spain, France and England. In the Germanic zone a similar phenomenon is produced; in principle, the unifying process of the first cycle is carried out thanks to the Visigoth and French Empires, by one only Empire: that of Prussia.123 B.C.17 Centuries later. 1577 A.D.The Cities of Gaul fall under the hegemony of Rome.The Cities of Gaul fall under the hegemony of the new imperial nucleus of the Island of France.54 B.C.17 Centuries later, 1646 A.D.The Roman Empire extends its hegemony over the British Isles.The English Empire extends its hegemony over the British Isles.29 B.C.17 Centuries later, 1671Limits in the Rhine.Limits in the Rhine (Kingdom of Luis XIV).From 29 B.C. to 9 A.D.1671 - 1709Tentative of expansion of the Empire on the Germanic people and failure (the Battle of Teutoberg).Tentative of expansion of the Austrian Empire on the Germanic people and failure (Thirty Years War).From 98 to 117 A.D.17 Centuries later, 1798 - 1817With Trajan, the Mediterranean and Atlantic zones made up of the British Isles, reach their maximum expansion.With Napoleon and Austria, the Mediterranean and Atlantic zones reach their maximum points.Starting from these last dates, the Mediterranean zone loses its aggressive force, while in the Germanic zone’s imperialist nuclei make their appearance who begin their attacks against the Mediterranean zone.165 to 18017 Centuries later, 1865 - 1880The Germanics cross the Danube and the Rhine.The Germans defeat the Austrian Empire at Sadowa and the French Empire at Sedan, and cross the two rivers.214 to 21817 Centuries later, 1914 - 1918New attacks of which there are no details.European War.223 to 24717 Centuries later, 1933 - 1947The Germanics cross the two Rivers, invade Iliria, Gaul, Mesia, Thrace and Pannonia.Saar comes to form part of the Reich. The Germans invade Austria, Poland, Norway, Holland, Belgium, France, the U.S.S.R., the Balkan Peninsula and North Africa.
Generations have succeeded themselves on one same region of the earth that while some have manifested a great creative activity, others have remained inactive and impenetrable to all activity. In a primary society, suddenly, an awakening begins that is transmitted to generations in the future until a maximum creative power is reached, later observing a decrease of activity, a descent of the mentioned power, decadence, prostration and ignorance.
Man and his generations, the individual and his collectivities, all obey a mathematical process. Nations evolve, progress, decline and rise again, following cycles that are politically, socially, artistically, philosophically and scientifically perfect. Nothing is attributable to chance. The appearance or disappearance of the great empires, the creation of architectural styles, the great discoveries, the great philosophical concepts obey a mechanism that is as precise as that of a clock.
Thus, Cecilio Acosta says: “What is difficult in history is not the events that are picked up like grains in a full granary; what is difficult is being able to choose them and, with them, form one whole”.
The mathematics of history chronologically presents events and their regular variations, the mathematical historical cycle of humanity’s past up to the present time. Man with his ability and knowledge can conquer the negative aspects of his history as he has been able to do in other fields, with mental and spiritual improvement that he can develop and thus improve his destiny, not condemning himself to the future.
Liberty evolves and its various laws are positive bases and structures of good, that allow to sublimate man’s life, projecting with mathematical precision his progress and free exercise to act.
The mathematics of history makes its analysis since the beginning of the so called historical era: Iran’s culture, between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf (5000 years B.C.), the Sumerian,the Chaldeanin the Mediterranean Coast, the Egyptian, the Greco-Roman, the Roman-Gothic (Western), with its creative zone between the Ebro river (Spain) and the mouth of the Rhine river (France, Belgium and Holland); that of India, China, Japan; that of the Nordic Countries and, the Slavic culture, the pre-Columbian cultures: the Mayan and Inca, as well as the process in the Columbian era with the United States of America up to the process of the Hispanic-Portuguese-American countries.
The mathematical law of history is applied, showing itself as the creative force of the great nations it moved in Europe and adjacent areas, originating the Persian, Carthaginian, Roman, Macedonian, Visigoth, French and Teutonic Empires in the first cycle. The Turkish, Spanish, French, English and German ones in the second historical cycle, in chronological order.
In the area of the Slavic Nations, they are ending the first cycle of 1,700 years by the year 2000 and begin the phase of Great Demographic Fractionation. Continental China or People’s Republic of China develop the last nucleus of Unification starting in the year 1950, in its second cycle of 1700 years. Japan is at its highest phase, developing its first nucleus of Unification of the first cycle of 1700 years.
In the Americas it moves from North to South: The United States of America, the North of South America: the Great Colombia of the XXI Century, Brazil and the area of Rio de la Plata.
The mathematics of history is not the historical determinism that we already know. Bolivarian thought was in use and will be in use in the time and in the space of mathematics.
In the Spanish American section of the November, 1970 issue of the European magazine SP, there is an article by the name: “Bolívar: Witness 70” that says in part: “However, and as Ernesto Jiménez Caballero states, this process of integration, the Liberator’s dream, would have been forged even without Spain. On the one hand, the liberal bourgeoisie proceeding from the revolutions of 1776 in North America and 1789 in France, would succeed in having a United Nations and an Organization of American States. Bolívar, in his conception, would have united NATO and the Common Market at a Hispanic American scale, under one sole agreement”.
“If the proposal made by Bolívar for the creation of a block of political ideology was important, the creation of an economic community was just as important”. “... it is debated in the formation of economic blocks: ALALO, the Andean Pact, the Central American Common Market, geared towards achieving, as much as possible, economic independence from the powerful North Continental Nation”.
With regards to the Great Colombia of the XIX Century, it was not consolidated as is shown in the book “Mathematical-Historical Principles”, due to the lack of a process at the end of which great nations are formed, but it is an historical fact that indicates ahead of time the geopolitical, geoethnic, geohistorical and geostrategic conceptions of his genius and that will be developed for the XXI Century.
From the “Inter Continental acknowledgement of the book Mathematical-Historical Principles” and of its 122 pages of letters, I transcribe the following:
-From the Cultural Attaché of the German Embassy: “...I know well the works of Spengler and Toynbee, but I must confess that I have been precisely impressed by the mathematical component and its determination of 1,700 years. I only have the knowledge that, a short time ago the thesis formulated by Professor Wilhelm Fuks of the Higher Technical School of Aquisgran in his work “Formenl Zur Macht” found extraordinary attention in Germany. In it, the diverse elements that are of importance to the political weight of a nation or of a group of nations have been analyzed and, from them, consequences have been extracted on future projections for the next decades. Surely the point of departure of the mathematics of history is different but, as I understand, its intention is analogous where its goal is concerned. There may even be determinate points o contact”.
-From the Superior School of War of the Federal Republic of Germany: “You have undertaken an interesting trial, to demonstrate maturity in history that is dependent on mathematical legality, in a way that this trial is a prominent and magnificent finding that is demonstrated in your work”.
-From the Superior School of War of France: “The Colonel Director of the School’s Third cycle, directs his warmest congratulations to Colonel Fernández Bolívar, of the Venezuelan Army, for the noteworthy report that he has prepared regarding the application of the mathematics of history in the case of the French Nation. He hopes that he will continue his impassionate studies in this sense which have caught the attention of the Highest National Authorities”.
-From the Director of the Military Staff of the Inter-Forces of Italy: “...the difficulty in the language has only delayed its reading, but it has not decreased the interest that was awakened in me by the synthesis. The conclusions that you reach applying the original method of analysis have been for me a motive for deep meditation”.
The author and discoverer of the Mathematics of History, Dr. Alejandro Deulofeu, says in one of his conclusions: “All nations are the same.... there are no privileged nations and unfortunate nations, nor nations having a dominating spirit and peaceful nations, nor creative nations and incapable nations...far from it, all nations are creative and stop being so, according to certain conditions of space and time...certain mathematical conditions”.
The Mathematics of History shows that liberty evolves. In an analysis, ever since 5100 years B.C., the beginning of the so called historical era, Dr. Deulofeu, in the cycle of 1700 years and, concretely in the phase of Great Demographic Fractionation, observes that liberty, in that geohistorical framework, ascends, and thus it is seen in the attached culture model graph.
In the following phase of Great Unification that completes the cycle of 1700 years, liberty declines up to a point, and ascends once again. This curve in its totality approximates or is almost the same to a sinusoid (the graph of the function of the sine function in trigonometry).
These changes are due to the geographic-historical factor of independent cities, states or provinces up to the formation of the nation (era of great unification), because the national authority of the corresponding capital exercises its domination throughout the country.
In the area of the town, city or province, state or nation, the direct election of the executive and legislative authorities gives liberty and progress a remarkable evolution to the rights of man. Dr. Deulofeu calls this tendency Oscillating Law (two steps forward and one backwards) and clearly indicates that this is due to the modifications of the laws in effect, and in cases originated by force, it is a passing situation due to the lack of culture and education.
Regarding culture and education Dr. Deulofeu says: “If we join Ionia, Greece and the Magna Graecia or Meridional Italy by a straight line, we find a length that is sensibly equal to the line that, starting from the mouth o the Ebro river (Spain), reaches the mouth of the Rhine river (France, Belgium and Holland), that is, that the creative zones of the cycles are sensibly equal in extension”.
We are at the projection of the so called Western Culture, whose mother continent is Europe. He continues to say: “History is developed by the historical phases of each nation, its progress, its stability, difficulties and high points, it is not due to men in a particular or providential manner. Its historical process and socioeconomic development expresses the historical phase of the nation. Political wars have not been won or lost due to an individual person but rather are consequence of the historical phase that the country develops”.
In the Americas, the Columbian period, and up to the present time, the Unification phase is not produced after the era of Great Fractionation within the evolution of a culture, nor an empire that substitutes another one that is disintegrated within one of the cycles, but it is an empire that is formed with elements coming from other empires, in a full expansive or decadent phase, over a country in the state of primary life. Dr. Deulofeu says: “.... the constitution of a nucleus of unification in these conditions stands back from those that, up to the present time, I have been able to precisely state, that is, those already included within the cultures that unfailingly and with an impressive precision obey the mathematical-historical process. In any case, from the study of the territories that today make up the different nations of the American Continent, from the moment that the Conquistadors arrived and up to the present time, it can be deduced that the constitution of these nuclei over countries in a state of primary life, is the same followed by nuclei within a culture when it reaches the end of its era of Great Demographic Fractionation. Thus, in fact, with the conquistadors the colonizers arrive and they begin to take hold of the country, taking the lands that are pleasing to them and cultivating them. At the beginning these families are totally independent, having no laws except for those they impose on themselves.
The aspect is then the patriarchal regime, with the father as the absolute head of the family. As families increase, territories are occupied, and an organization is soon imposed, regulations between families and the fatherland. In the centers where merchants and businessmen meet population nuclei begin to constitute themselves and cities begin to be formed; each time a more precise organization is imposed, and governors and some states will follow.
Finally an assembly constituted by representatives of each one of the states is established. It is exactly the same evolution that we have seen in all known civilizations starting from the feudal phase, serfs and slaves also existing also in them”.
In addition to the historical cycle, there are artistic, philosophical, social phases, etc. “Man is basically what education makes of him”, said the great philosophers.
Then, cycles, their internal articulations and changes are normally peaceful. Dr. Deulofeu indicates that the difference between the beginning and the development of the United States, the Latin American Countries and Brazil, is due to the fact that when they became independent from their fatherlands, the phase in Great Britain was that of expansion while the Spanish and Portuguese Empires were declining.
In the mathematics of history, there takes place the beginning of the relative Independence phase that is characterized by an effervescence, political and social instability so that afterwards a period of progress begins.
In conclusion: Hispanic American Countries evolve towards a Unification, integration, in an era of expansion and highest degree of perfection, to a greater or lesser extent, according to their own geographical location and geostrategic, geopolitical and mathematical-historical characteristics
The historical process indicated in the work of Dr. Deulofeu, has been mathematically fulfilled, 50 years having already passed since the publication of his first book in Catalan.
My thesis of Paris and the book “Mathematical Historical Principles”, published in 1967, already 30 years ago, ratifies the international success and projection of the mathematics of history. In the second edition of this book (1993), the pertinent indications of events already fulfilled were made, among others: the fractionation of the U.S.S.R., the unification of Germany, the historical process of Japan, China and the United States of America.
The Pre-Columbian stage, the Colony, 1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4thRepublic, that begins in 1830 with the separation of the Great Colombia (the Constitution of December 24), make up Venezuelan History.
The 4thRepublic has four defined stages or cycles:
1.General José Antonio Páez (1831-1863), including the sub-period of the Monagas Generals.
2.General Guzmán Blanco (1870-1888).
3.Generals Castro and Gómez (1899-1935).
4.Initiated on October 18, 1945.
Páez, Guzmán Blanco, Castro, Gómez and Pérez Jiménez- Betancourt, are the men who are the central points of their stage, each one within his political framework. In these cycles we find that, in the Presidency, there are alternating persons, who do not repeat their term.
Some transition periods between the mentioned phases, complete the historical scenario: between Páez and Guzmán Blanco (1863-1870), between Guzmán Blanco and Castro-Gómez (1888-1899) and between Gómez and 10/18/1945 (Generals López Contreras and Medina).
Three cycles have already been fulfilled, and the 4th, initiated with Pérez Jiménez- Betancourt, is under evolution.
Gil Fortoul writes: “The date of August 29 marks the agony of the régime established in 1830”.
Of General Páez, Dr. Quintero states in his manifest, before leaving for Curazao: “It has been already evidenced that there is no government possible for Venezuela, while General Páez resides in it”.
Siso Martínez writes of Guzmán Blanco: “He constitutes the most outstanding political personality in the second half of the XIX Century”.
In “The Man and his History”, Gil Fortoul writes: “Guzmán governed 18 years, either as President, either as one who inspired national politics, imitating with this the role that Páez represented from 1830 to 1848”. Díaz Sánchez states: “In his personality the most mysterious forces of history and geography are found”, when he wrote about Guzmán Blanco.
Of General Gómez, Siso Martínez writes in his History of Venezuela: “The Gómez autocracy that exists since 1908 up to December, 1935, constitutes the most dilated power concentrated in the hands of one man throughout our restless history, it is a consequence of a political and social evolution”.
From the new edition of syntheses of world history congresses and different works and files of this nature, by Henry Berr, I have concluded: “History has begun because it is life, life is a continuing history. In reality, the past and the present are indissoluble”. “Man will never understand well his present but through his past, his past and then his present”. “The work of the historian is to unite more closely to the past, the future to the present; he should live from his time, he should remember and study the past in order to search a better and more fertile future”.
1stGreat demographic fractionation wave.
2ndGreat demographic fractionation wave.
900 B.C.
17 Centuries later. 800 A.D.
Power is in the hands of the sacerdotal aristocracy.
Priests govern the cities. The Autochthonous population is in a régime based on clientele régime. Cultural inactivity.
Power is in the hands of the feudal aristocracy. Bishops are the ones who govern. The population is under the serfdom régime. Cultural inactivity.
From 900 to 500 B.C.
17 Centuries later. 800 to 1200 A.D.
The clientele gradually improves its condition and goes on to constitute in its majority a middle class, a minority becomes rich with the development of commerce and industry and constitutes a new class: the rich aristocracy.
The serfs of the soil gradually improve their condition and go on to constitute, in their majority, a middle class, a minority becomes rich with commerce and industry and constitutes a new class: the aristocracy of the rich.
From 500 to 250 B.C.
17 Centuries later. 1200 to 1400 A.D.
Power goes to the hands of the aristocracy of the rich or high bourgeoisie, and afterwards to the middle class orpetit bourgeoisie(democracy).
Power goes to the hands of the high bourgeoisie and forthwith, to the middle class (democracy).
THE TWO IMPERIALIST WAVES
With the two imperial waves we reach our time. In order to know with more detail the events that came about, we are going to follow the same parallel but stopping at each one of the nations.
1stWave.
2ndWave.
450 B.C.
17 Centuries later. 1250 A.D.
The Cities of Ionia fall under the hegemony of the Persian Empire.
The Cities of Ionia fall under the hegemony of the Turkish Empire.
G R E E C E
350 B.C.
1350 A.D.
The Macedonian Empire extends its hegemony over Greece.
The Turkish Empire extends its hegemony over Greece.
270 y 230 B.C.
17 Centuries later. 1430 and 1470 A.D.
The Empires of Rome and Carthage establish their hegemony over the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas.
The Austrian and Spanish Empires establish their hegemony over the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas.
We observe this interesting event: in the first Imperial process, the unifying wave advances thanks to the appearance of four different Empires of Persia, Macedonia, Carthaginian and Rome, and end with one sole empire, the Roman. But in the second wave the contrary occurs, the unifying process starts only with the Turkish Empire and ends with the four Empires of Austria, Spain, France and England. In the Germanic zone a similar phenomenon is produced; in principle, the unifying process of the first cycle is carried out thanks to the Visigoth and French Empires, by one only Empire: that of Prussia.
123 B.C.
17 Centuries later. 1577 A.D.
The Cities of Gaul fall under the hegemony of Rome.
The Cities of Gaul fall under the hegemony of the new imperial nucleus of the Island of France.
54 B.C.
17 Centuries later, 1646 A.D.
The Roman Empire extends its hegemony over the British Isles.
The English Empire extends its hegemony over the British Isles.
29 B.C.
17 Centuries later, 1671
Limits in the Rhine.
Limits in the Rhine (Kingdom of Luis XIV).
From 29 B.C. to 9 A.D.
1671 - 1709
Tentative of expansion of the Empire on the Germanic people and failure (the Battle of Teutoberg).
Tentative of expansion of the Austrian Empire on the Germanic people and failure (Thirty Years War).
From 98 to 117 A.D.
17 Centuries later, 1798 - 1817
With Trajan, the Mediterranean and Atlantic zones made up of the British Isles, reach their maximum expansion.
With Napoleon and Austria, the Mediterranean and Atlantic zones reach their maximum points.
Starting from these last dates, the Mediterranean zone loses its aggressive force, while in the Germanic zone’s imperialist nuclei make their appearance who begin their attacks against the Mediterranean zone.
165 to 180
17 Centuries later, 1865 - 1880
The Germanics cross the Danube and the Rhine.
The Germans defeat the Austrian Empire at Sadowa and the French Empire at Sedan, and cross the two rivers.
214 to 218
17 Centuries later, 1914 - 1918
New attacks of which there are no details.
European War.
223 to 247
17 Centuries later, 1933 - 1947
The Germanics cross the two Rivers, invade Iliria, Gaul, Mesia, Thrace and Pannonia.
Saar comes to form part of the Reich. The Germans invade Austria, Poland, Norway, Holland, Belgium, France, the U.S.S.R., the Balkan Peninsula and North Africa.