BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 23.Plate 23. POTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALAPOTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 23.
POTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23
The ovoid vase shown in plate23is 11 inches high by 61/2inches in diameter at its widest part. It is of very fine pottery, with decorations in red, black, and reddish yellow on a background of light yellow. The outer surface is divided by double black lines into three zones. The uppermost and narrowest zone contains, between a broad red band above and two narrow black bands below, a row of 10 glyphs surrounding the edge of the vase. The middle zone, the broadest, contains upon one side (unfortunately the decoration upon the other side has been almost obliterated by time or wear) a human figure, in a crouching position, the right hand extended, the left resting upon the ground. The face is in profile, and around the left eye is seen the ornament usually associated with the representation of a god. This may be intended to represent Schellhas's God D of the Codices, known as the Roman-nosed God, probably Itzamna, as this peculiar eye ornament is often associated with him. The headdress is exceedingly elaborate, projecting far in front of and behind the head, and is decorated with plumes of feathers. The whole figure strongly suggests the bas-relief on the side of the door of the altar at Palenque, which is undoubtedly a representation of the god Itzamna. The curious eye ornaments, the construction of the elaborate headdress, the contour, of the face, and the platted objects hanging down in front of and behind the chest, from the neck, are similar in both. The lowest zone is decorated with vases having handles at the sides, narrow necks, and flaring rims from which project flame-like tongues; on the outer surface of each is depicted an "Ahau" sign. The vases alternate with curious objects which might represent bales of merchandise; the whole, indeed, closely resembles the tribute count of some Aztec city.
The ovoid vase shown in plate23is 11 inches high by 61/2inches in diameter at its widest part. It is of very fine pottery, with decorations in red, black, and reddish yellow on a background of light yellow. The outer surface is divided by double black lines into three zones. The uppermost and narrowest zone contains, between a broad red band above and two narrow black bands below, a row of 10 glyphs surrounding the edge of the vase. The middle zone, the broadest, contains upon one side (unfortunately the decoration upon the other side has been almost obliterated by time or wear) a human figure, in a crouching position, the right hand extended, the left resting upon the ground. The face is in profile, and around the left eye is seen the ornament usually associated with the representation of a god. This may be intended to represent Schellhas's God D of the Codices, known as the Roman-nosed God, probably Itzamna, as this peculiar eye ornament is often associated with him. The headdress is exceedingly elaborate, projecting far in front of and behind the head, and is decorated with plumes of feathers. The whole figure strongly suggests the bas-relief on the side of the door of the altar at Palenque, which is undoubtedly a representation of the god Itzamna. The curious eye ornaments, the construction of the elaborate headdress, the contour, of the face, and the platted objects hanging down in front of and behind the chest, from the neck, are similar in both. The lowest zone is decorated with vases having handles at the sides, narrow necks, and flaring rims from which project flame-like tongues; on the outer surface of each is depicted an "Ahau" sign. The vases alternate with curious objects which might represent bales of merchandise; the whole, indeed, closely resembles the tribute count of some Aztec city.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 24
The cylindrical vase shown in plate24is 6 inches in diameter by 11 inches high. It is divided into three zones, the uppermost of which contains a single row of hieroglyphics, in fair preservation, between a broad red band above and two narrow black bands below. The middle zone, by far the broadest, contains two very spirited representations of the Long-nosed God, one on each side of the vase, done in red, black, white, and dark yellow. The Long-nosed God, called by Schellhas in his "Representation of Deities of the Maya Manuscripts" God B, is usually identified with Cuculcan, the feathered serpent; the Aztec Quetzalcoatl. This god is usually represented with a long pendulous nose and one or two projecting tusks, and is almost in variably associated with the serpent. The head of the god is often held between the serpent's open jaws, or has added to it a serpentine body; again the god may be encircled by intertwining serpents, or may hold the reptile's body in his hand, like a wand. Though the serpentine attributes of the god are in this instance conspicuous by their absence, and the tapir attributes are emphasized, there can be little doubt that the painting is meant to represent God B, as the long pendulous nose and projecting tusks are highly characteristic of that god. The lowest and narrowest zone of this vase is covered with alternating red and black lines.
The cylindrical vase shown in plate24is 6 inches in diameter by 11 inches high. It is divided into three zones, the uppermost of which contains a single row of hieroglyphics, in fair preservation, between a broad red band above and two narrow black bands below. The middle zone, by far the broadest, contains two very spirited representations of the Long-nosed God, one on each side of the vase, done in red, black, white, and dark yellow. The Long-nosed God, called by Schellhas in his "Representation of Deities of the Maya Manuscripts" God B, is usually identified with Cuculcan, the feathered serpent; the Aztec Quetzalcoatl. This god is usually represented with a long pendulous nose and one or two projecting tusks, and is almost in variably associated with the serpent. The head of the god is often held between the serpent's open jaws, or has added to it a serpentine body; again the god may be encircled by intertwining serpents, or may hold the reptile's body in his hand, like a wand. Though the serpentine attributes of the god are in this instance conspicuous by their absence, and the tapir attributes are emphasized, there can be little doubt that the painting is meant to represent God B, as the long pendulous nose and projecting tusks are highly characteristic of that god. The lowest and narrowest zone of this vase is covered with alternating red and black lines.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 24.Plate 24. POTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALAPOTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 24.
POTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 25.Plate 25. POTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALAPOTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 25.
POTTERY VASE FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 25
The cylindrical vase shown in plate25is 71/2inches in height by 41/2inches in diameter. The whole of the decoration upon it is in light and dark red on a light yellow background, and, like the two previously described vases, it is divided into three decorative zones. The uppermost zone contains a single row of glyphs, almost indecipherable, apparently from constant use of the vase before it was buried. The middle zone contains two very remarkable mythological creatures, one on each side, whose feather-covered bodies, long legs, and large feet are suggestive of the ostrich. The necks are long and covered with flame-like projections, and both they and the heads, with their huge elongated jaws, are evidently intended for those of feathered serpents. The lowest zone of the vase is narrow, and contains only a narrow and a broad red stripe.
The cylindrical vase shown in plate25is 71/2inches in height by 41/2inches in diameter. The whole of the decoration upon it is in light and dark red on a light yellow background, and, like the two previously described vases, it is divided into three decorative zones. The uppermost zone contains a single row of glyphs, almost indecipherable, apparently from constant use of the vase before it was buried. The middle zone contains two very remarkable mythological creatures, one on each side, whose feather-covered bodies, long legs, and large feet are suggestive of the ostrich. The necks are long and covered with flame-like projections, and both they and the heads, with their huge elongated jaws, are evidently intended for those of feathered serpents. The lowest zone of the vase is narrow, and contains only a narrow and a broad red stripe.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 26, 27, AND 28
The pottery cylinder shown in plates26,27, and28is 101/2inches high by 4 inches in diameter and is without a bottom. It is most exquisitely decorated in light and dark red and dark yellow on a light yellow background, and is also divided into three decorative zones. The uppermost zone contains only a single row of hieroglyphs, very much defaced, among which may still be recognized several of the Maya day signs. The middle zone, by far the broadest, is covered by a most intricate design, containing human and mythological figures and hieroglyphs, with ornamental plumes, plats, and pendants; the whole, owing to the partial obliteration of the design, being extremely difficult to make out. On one side is seen a highly conventional representation of what is undoubtedly intended for the feathered serpent, with tail bent around to join the upper part of the head. The feathered serpent appears to permeate all Maya art in this section of the Maya area; whether painted on pottery or stucco, or incised on bone, pottery, or other material, one encounters him at every step. The serpent rests upon a row of glyphs, very much defaced, and below this is a mass of bows, knots, plumes, and glyphs. Farther along is a fierce-faced human figure, probably a warrior, with lofty and elaborate headdress, ornamented with many long feather plumes. Between the warrior and the serpent is a row of eight cartouches, superimposed one upon the other, each containing glyphs, a good deal defaced, among which the "Ahau" sign may still be clearly made out. The opening glyph in this panel may refer to the katun 8 Ahau. This katun can end in 8 Ahau only once in 260 years, or twice in the ninth cycle, namely, on 9.0.0.0.0.8 Ahau, 3 Ceh, and on 9.13.0.0.0.8 Ahau, 8 Uo; and it is reasonable to suppose that if this is a calendar record it refers to some date in the ninth cycle. Naranjo, the nearest ancient Maya city to Yalloch, was occupied for a period of approximately 12 katuns, or 240 years,[62]between 9.7.10.0.0 and 9.19.10.0.0; if this glyph, therefore, refers to a katun ending in 8 Ahau in the ninth cycle, the date 9.13.0.0.0 is certainly indicated.
The pottery cylinder shown in plates26,27, and28is 101/2inches high by 4 inches in diameter and is without a bottom. It is most exquisitely decorated in light and dark red and dark yellow on a light yellow background, and is also divided into three decorative zones. The uppermost zone contains only a single row of hieroglyphs, very much defaced, among which may still be recognized several of the Maya day signs. The middle zone, by far the broadest, is covered by a most intricate design, containing human and mythological figures and hieroglyphs, with ornamental plumes, plats, and pendants; the whole, owing to the partial obliteration of the design, being extremely difficult to make out. On one side is seen a highly conventional representation of what is undoubtedly intended for the feathered serpent, with tail bent around to join the upper part of the head. The feathered serpent appears to permeate all Maya art in this section of the Maya area; whether painted on pottery or stucco, or incised on bone, pottery, or other material, one encounters him at every step. The serpent rests upon a row of glyphs, very much defaced, and below this is a mass of bows, knots, plumes, and glyphs. Farther along is a fierce-faced human figure, probably a warrior, with lofty and elaborate headdress, ornamented with many long feather plumes. Between the warrior and the serpent is a row of eight cartouches, superimposed one upon the other, each containing glyphs, a good deal defaced, among which the "Ahau" sign may still be clearly made out. The opening glyph in this panel may refer to the katun 8 Ahau. This katun can end in 8 Ahau only once in 260 years, or twice in the ninth cycle, namely, on 9.0.0.0.0.8 Ahau, 3 Ceh, and on 9.13.0.0.0.8 Ahau, 8 Uo; and it is reasonable to suppose that if this is a calendar record it refers to some date in the ninth cycle. Naranjo, the nearest ancient Maya city to Yalloch, was occupied for a period of approximately 12 katuns, or 240 years,[62]between 9.7.10.0.0 and 9.19.10.0.0; if this glyph, therefore, refers to a katun ending in 8 Ahau in the ninth cycle, the date 9.13.0.0.0 is certainly indicated.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 26.Plate 26. POTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALAPOTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA(OTHER VIEWS IN PLATES27AND28)
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 26.
POTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
(OTHER VIEWS IN PLATES27AND28)
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 27.Plate 27. POTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALAPOTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA(OTHER VIEWS IN PLATES26AND28)
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 27.
POTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
(OTHER VIEWS IN PLATES26AND28)
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 28.Plate 28. POTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALAPOTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA(OTHER VIEWS IN PLATES26AND27)
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 64 PLATE 28.
POTTERY CYLINDER FROM YALLOCH, GUATEMALA
(OTHER VIEWS IN PLATES26AND27)
Brinton, Daniel G.The Maya chronicles. Brinton's Library Aboriginal American Literature, vol.I. Phila. 1882.Charnay, Désiré.Voyage au Yucatan et au pays des Lacandons.La Tour du Monde, vol.XLVII, pp. 1-96; vol.XLVIII, pp. 33-48. Paris, 1884.Cogolludo, Juan Lopez de.Historia de Yucathan. Madrid, 1688.Gann, Thomas.On exploration of two mounds in British Honduras.Proc. Soc. Ant. London, 2d ser., vol.XV, pp. 430-434. London, 1894-95.—— On the contents of some ancient mounds in Central America. Ibid., 2d ser., vol.XVI, pp. 308-317. London, 1896-97.—— Mounds in northern Honduras.Nineteenth Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pt. 2, pp. 655-692. Washington, 1900.Joyce, Thomas A.Mexican archæology. New York, 1914.Landa, Diego de.Relation des choses de Yucatan. Texte Espagnol et traduction Française. Published by Brasseur de Bourbourg. Paris, 1864.Maler, Teobert.Researches in the central portion, of the Usumatsintla Valley. Pt. 2.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.II, no. 2. Cambridge, 1903.—— Explorations in the Department of Peten, Guatemala.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.IV, no. 2. Cambridge, 1908.Maudslay, A. P.Explorations in Guatemala.Proc. Royal Geog. Soc., vol.V, no. 4, pp. 185-204. London, 1883.Morley, Sylvanus Griswold.An introduction to the study of the Maya hieroglyphs.Bull. 57,Bur. Amer. Ethn.Washington, 1915.Relacionde la villa de Valladolid.Actas Cong. Int. Amer., Madrid, 1881. vol.IIMadrid, 1884.Relacionde los pueblos de Popola y Sínsimato y Samíol.Coleccion de documentos ineditos, relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y colonizacion de las posesiones Espanolas en America y Oceania.2d ser., vol.XIII. Madrid, 1900.Spinden, H. J.A study of Maya art.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.VI. Cambridge, 1913.Stephens, John L.Incidents of travel in Yucatan. Vols.I-II. New York, 1843.Thomas, Cyrus.Day symbols of the Maya year.Sixteenth Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 205-264. Washington, 1897.Tozzer, Alfred M.A preliminary study of the prehistoric ruins of Nakum, Guatemala.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.V, no. 3. Cambridge, 1913.—— Comparative study of the Mayas and Lacandones.Pub. Archæol. Inst. Amer.New York, 1907.Villagutierre, Juan de.Historia de la conquista de la provincia de el Itza ... a las provincias de Yucatan. [Madrid], 1701.
Brinton, Daniel G.The Maya chronicles. Brinton's Library Aboriginal American Literature, vol.I. Phila. 1882.
Charnay, Désiré.Voyage au Yucatan et au pays des Lacandons.La Tour du Monde, vol.XLVII, pp. 1-96; vol.XLVIII, pp. 33-48. Paris, 1884.
Cogolludo, Juan Lopez de.Historia de Yucathan. Madrid, 1688.
Gann, Thomas.On exploration of two mounds in British Honduras.Proc. Soc. Ant. London, 2d ser., vol.XV, pp. 430-434. London, 1894-95.
—— On the contents of some ancient mounds in Central America. Ibid., 2d ser., vol.XVI, pp. 308-317. London, 1896-97.
—— Mounds in northern Honduras.Nineteenth Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pt. 2, pp. 655-692. Washington, 1900.
Joyce, Thomas A.Mexican archæology. New York, 1914.
Landa, Diego de.Relation des choses de Yucatan. Texte Espagnol et traduction Française. Published by Brasseur de Bourbourg. Paris, 1864.
Maler, Teobert.Researches in the central portion, of the Usumatsintla Valley. Pt. 2.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.II, no. 2. Cambridge, 1903.
—— Explorations in the Department of Peten, Guatemala.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.IV, no. 2. Cambridge, 1908.
Maudslay, A. P.Explorations in Guatemala.Proc. Royal Geog. Soc., vol.V, no. 4, pp. 185-204. London, 1883.
Morley, Sylvanus Griswold.An introduction to the study of the Maya hieroglyphs.Bull. 57,Bur. Amer. Ethn.Washington, 1915.
Relacionde la villa de Valladolid.Actas Cong. Int. Amer., Madrid, 1881. vol.IIMadrid, 1884.
Relacionde los pueblos de Popola y Sínsimato y Samíol.Coleccion de documentos ineditos, relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y colonizacion de las posesiones Espanolas en America y Oceania.2d ser., vol.XIII. Madrid, 1900.
Spinden, H. J.A study of Maya art.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.VI. Cambridge, 1913.
Stephens, John L.Incidents of travel in Yucatan. Vols.I-II. New York, 1843.
Thomas, Cyrus.Day symbols of the Maya year.Sixteenth Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 205-264. Washington, 1897.
Tozzer, Alfred M.A preliminary study of the prehistoric ruins of Nakum, Guatemala.Mem. Peabody Mus., vol.V, no. 3. Cambridge, 1913.
—— Comparative study of the Mayas and Lacandones.Pub. Archæol. Inst. Amer.New York, 1907.
Villagutierre, Juan de.Historia de la conquista de la provincia de el Itza ... a las provincias de Yucatan. [Madrid], 1701.
Quick Links to Index Letters[A] [B] [C] [D] [F] [G] [H] [I] [L] [M] [O] [P] [R] [S] [T] [V] [Y]
PageA.Agriculture, most important occupation of Indians,20Alcohol, effect on Indian temperament,34Amulets, worn by women,19Animals—Domestic, kept by ancient inhabitants,55kept for pets,25Arts of the ancients, fine examples discovered,53B.Baskets, making of,30Bleeding, favorite remedy,37Bones, measurements of,51Bristol Museum, objects from collection of,13British Honduras, Northern, geographical description of,14British Museum, objects from collection of,13C.Candles, method of making,31Canoes—making of,28used for trading along rivers,29Ceremonies, the four principal,42Ceremony, Cha chac, at ripening of corn, description,42Charmsworn by women,19Chief—power practically absolute,35rarely dies natural death,35strongest subchief usually succeeds,35Childbirth, methods of facilitating,38Children, love for and disposition of,33Chronology, three periods of Mayan civilization,58Cigarettes—making of,30smoked by women,17Cooking, native methods of,22Cooking utensils, description of,27Corn—harvesting and storing of,20preparation of ground and planting of,20surplus sold or exchanged,20Corn husks, wrappers for cigarettes,30Corn plantation.SeeMilpa."Cuhun ridges"—description of,14sites of ancient mounds,14sites of modern villages,14D.Death sentence, how executed,35Diet—description of,21maize staple article of, among ancient inhabitants,55Diseases—bleeding for,37eye trouble, remedy for,38intestinal parasites,37malaria,36smallpox,37venereal,37whooping cough, remedy for,38Dress—ancient inhabitants,52ancient priests,52ancient warriors,52now principally English and American goods,19Drunkenness—curse of the Indians,34Pagenot considered a disgrace,34F.Fire, methods of making,22Fish—methods of catching,25varieties of,25Fishing—harpooning at night,25methods of,25torch used in,25Food—animals used as, by ancient inhabitants,55kind and method of eating modified by contact with more civilized communities,22method of serving and eating,22preparation and serving of,21snakes used as,24turtles' eggs used as,24Fowls, use of, in Cha chac ceremony,45Furniture—description of,27hammocks conspicuous articles of,27G.Game—pursuit of,23traps used in capturing,24Game birds and animals—list of,24preparation and curing of, for future use,21Games—of the ancient inhabitants,56played by adults and children,39H.Hammocks—conspicuous articles of furniture,27hiding places for "cooties",27Headdresses—ancient warriors and priests,52animals carved in wood,52Henequen fiber—method of cleaning,30uses of,31Homes, not particular as to cleanliness of,16Hookworms, prevalent, due to earth-eating habits of children,37Houses—ancient, description of,53built with assistance of neighbors,26method of construction,26Hunting, torch used in,24I.Icaiche, estimate of population,13Immorality, brought about by cheapness of rum,33Indians, causes of early deaths,34Itzas, occupying western British Honduras,13L.Liverpool Museum, objects from collection of,13M.Macapal—carried by children, causing bowlegs,16description of its use,15habits acquired by constant carrying of,16weighted with stones as counterpoise in traveling,16
PageA.Agriculture, most important occupation of Indians,20Alcohol, effect on Indian temperament,34Amulets, worn by women,19Animals—Domestic, kept by ancient inhabitants,55kept for pets,25Arts of the ancients, fine examples discovered,53B.Baskets, making of,30Bleeding, favorite remedy,37Bones, measurements of,51Bristol Museum, objects from collection of,13British Honduras, Northern, geographical description of,14British Museum, objects from collection of,13C.Candles, method of making,31Canoes—making of,28used for trading along rivers,29Ceremonies, the four principal,42Ceremony, Cha chac, at ripening of corn, description,42Charmsworn by women,19Chief—power practically absolute,35rarely dies natural death,35strongest subchief usually succeeds,35Childbirth, methods of facilitating,38Children, love for and disposition of,33Chronology, three periods of Mayan civilization,58Cigarettes—making of,30smoked by women,17Cooking, native methods of,22Cooking utensils, description of,27Corn—harvesting and storing of,20preparation of ground and planting of,20surplus sold or exchanged,20Corn husks, wrappers for cigarettes,30Corn plantation.SeeMilpa."Cuhun ridges"—description of,14sites of ancient mounds,14sites of modern villages,14D.Death sentence, how executed,35Diet—description of,21maize staple article of, among ancient inhabitants,55Diseases—bleeding for,37eye trouble, remedy for,38intestinal parasites,37malaria,36smallpox,37venereal,37whooping cough, remedy for,38Dress—ancient inhabitants,52ancient priests,52ancient warriors,52now principally English and American goods,19Drunkenness—curse of the Indians,34Pagenot considered a disgrace,34F.Fire, methods of making,22Fish—methods of catching,25varieties of,25Fishing—harpooning at night,25methods of,25torch used in,25Food—animals used as, by ancient inhabitants,55kind and method of eating modified by contact with more civilized communities,22method of serving and eating,22preparation and serving of,21snakes used as,24turtles' eggs used as,24Fowls, use of, in Cha chac ceremony,45Furniture—description of,27hammocks conspicuous articles of,27G.Game—pursuit of,23traps used in capturing,24Game birds and animals—list of,24preparation and curing of, for future use,21Games—of the ancient inhabitants,56played by adults and children,39H.Hammocks—conspicuous articles of furniture,27hiding places for "cooties",27Headdresses—ancient warriors and priests,52animals carved in wood,52Henequen fiber—method of cleaning,30uses of,31Homes, not particular as to cleanliness of,16Hookworms, prevalent, due to earth-eating habits of children,37Houses—ancient, description of,53built with assistance of neighbors,26method of construction,26Hunting, torch used in,24I.Icaiche, estimate of population,13Immorality, brought about by cheapness of rum,33Indians, causes of early deaths,34Itzas, occupying western British Honduras,13L.Liverpool Museum, objects from collection of,13M.Macapal—carried by children, causing bowlegs,16description of its use,15habits acquired by constant carrying of,16weighted with stones as counterpoise in traveling,16
PageA.Agriculture, most important occupation of Indians,20Alcohol, effect on Indian temperament,34Amulets, worn by women,19Animals—Domestic, kept by ancient inhabitants,55kept for pets,25Arts of the ancients, fine examples discovered,53B.Baskets, making of,30Bleeding, favorite remedy,37Bones, measurements of,51Bristol Museum, objects from collection of,13British Honduras, Northern, geographical description of,14British Museum, objects from collection of,13C.Candles, method of making,31Canoes—making of,28used for trading along rivers,29Ceremonies, the four principal,42Ceremony, Cha chac, at ripening of corn, description,42Charmsworn by women,19Chief—power practically absolute,35rarely dies natural death,35strongest subchief usually succeeds,35Childbirth, methods of facilitating,38Children, love for and disposition of,33Chronology, three periods of Mayan civilization,58Cigarettes—making of,30smoked by women,17Cooking, native methods of,22Cooking utensils, description of,27Corn—harvesting and storing of,20preparation of ground and planting of,20surplus sold or exchanged,20Corn husks, wrappers for cigarettes,30Corn plantation.SeeMilpa."Cuhun ridges"—description of,14sites of ancient mounds,14sites of modern villages,14D.Death sentence, how executed,35Diet—description of,21maize staple article of, among ancient inhabitants,55Diseases—bleeding for,37eye trouble, remedy for,38intestinal parasites,37malaria,36smallpox,37venereal,37whooping cough, remedy for,38Dress—ancient inhabitants,52ancient priests,52ancient warriors,52now principally English and American goods,19Drunkenness—curse of the Indians,34
Pagenot considered a disgrace,34F.Fire, methods of making,22Fish—methods of catching,25varieties of,25Fishing—harpooning at night,25methods of,25torch used in,25Food—animals used as, by ancient inhabitants,55kind and method of eating modified by contact with more civilized communities,22method of serving and eating,22preparation and serving of,21snakes used as,24turtles' eggs used as,24Fowls, use of, in Cha chac ceremony,45Furniture—description of,27hammocks conspicuous articles of,27G.Game—pursuit of,23traps used in capturing,24Game birds and animals—list of,24preparation and curing of, for future use,21Games—of the ancient inhabitants,56played by adults and children,39H.Hammocks—conspicuous articles of furniture,27hiding places for "cooties",27Headdresses—ancient warriors and priests,52animals carved in wood,52Henequen fiber—method of cleaning,30uses of,31Homes, not particular as to cleanliness of,16Hookworms, prevalent, due to earth-eating habits of children,37Houses—ancient, description of,53built with assistance of neighbors,26method of construction,26Hunting, torch used in,24I.Icaiche, estimate of population,13Immorality, brought about by cheapness of rum,33Indians, causes of early deaths,34Itzas, occupying western British Honduras,13L.Liverpool Museum, objects from collection of,13M.Macapal—carried by children, causing bowlegs,16description of its use,15habits acquired by constant carrying of,16weighted with stones as counterpoise in traveling,16
PageMachete, used as tool and weapon,28Malaria—chief scourge of Indians,36treated by sweating,36Marriage—age of,32all degrees of racial mixture,34ceremony often delayed,33Maya women to Negro men common,33not legal among Santa Cruz unless performed by certain official,33obligation somewhat loose,33usually by Catholic priest,33Massage, practiced by midwives,38Maya, progenitors of present inhabitants,15Medicine, list of plants used as,38Men—cruelty of, often in nature of reprisal,18dress of,18example of cruelty of master to servant,18have no desire to accumulate wealth,18mental characteristics of,17occupation of,17skillful in finding routes and in following tracks,18stoical in bearing pain,18Metate—superseded by hand mills,17use of,21Milpa—many fruits and vegetables grown in,20preparation of,20Moccasins, making of,19Mosquitoes, carriers of malaria,36Mounds—abundant on fertile soil,50classification of,49contents indicate physical appearance of ancient inhabitants,51manner of construction,65Museum of the American Indian, objects from collection of,13O.Odor, peculiar,16Oils, for cooking and lighting,31Ornaments, worn by ancient inhabitants,52P."Pine ridges," description of,14Plants, list of, used as medicine,38Pottery—ancient, description of,54ancient, ornamentation of,54slight attempt at decoration,28Pottery making—exclusively by older women,28no polish, glaze, or paint applied,28rendered unnecessary by iron pots and earthenware,17Property, disposition of, at death,33Punishment—fine, flogging, and death only methods of,35for witchcraft or sorcery,36imprisonment as, unknown,35R.Religion—ancient inhabitants,56Catholic priests not permitted for many years,41PageChristianity a thin veneer,42four principal ceremonies,42human sacrifice by the ancient inhabitants,57Indian conception of,40native priests appointed,41Religious altars, draped and decorated,28Rum—made locally,34women usually drink privately,34S.Sandals, worn by ancient inhabitants,52Santa Cruz tribe—emigration of,13estimate of population,13measurements of,15physical description of,15policy of extermination of, by Mexican Government,13Smallpox—terrible scourge,37treatment for, often disastrous,37Snakes used as food,24Spinning—method of,29no longer practiced,17universal among ancient women,55Spirits, belief in,40Superstition, "Santa Cruz" oracle,41Surgery, practice of,37T.Teeth, filed and filled with plugs,51Tobacco—curing of,30vanilla leaves mixed with, to give flavor and fragrance,30Torch used in fishing,25Tortillas, preparation and cooking of,21Traps used in capturing game,24Turkey, use of, in Cha chac ceremony,45V.Villages—description of,32foreigners not permitted to reside in,32frequent changes of sites,27locations of, carefully concealed,32W.Weapons—defensive, of ancient inhabitants,53offensive, of ancient inhabitants,52Weaving—method of,29no longer practiced,17Women—dress of,19in gala costume present attractive appearance,16industrious workers,17jewelry and ornaments worn by,19obscene and disgusting language used by,16occupation of,17personal cleanliness of,16physically and mentally superior to men,16social characteristics of,16Y.Yucatan, geographical description of,14Yucatecan tribes, immigration into northern British Honduras,13
PageMachete, used as tool and weapon,28Malaria—chief scourge of Indians,36treated by sweating,36Marriage—age of,32all degrees of racial mixture,34ceremony often delayed,33Maya women to Negro men common,33not legal among Santa Cruz unless performed by certain official,33obligation somewhat loose,33usually by Catholic priest,33Massage, practiced by midwives,38Maya, progenitors of present inhabitants,15Medicine, list of plants used as,38Men—cruelty of, often in nature of reprisal,18dress of,18example of cruelty of master to servant,18have no desire to accumulate wealth,18mental characteristics of,17occupation of,17skillful in finding routes and in following tracks,18stoical in bearing pain,18Metate—superseded by hand mills,17use of,21Milpa—many fruits and vegetables grown in,20preparation of,20Moccasins, making of,19Mosquitoes, carriers of malaria,36Mounds—abundant on fertile soil,50classification of,49contents indicate physical appearance of ancient inhabitants,51manner of construction,65Museum of the American Indian, objects from collection of,13O.Odor, peculiar,16Oils, for cooking and lighting,31Ornaments, worn by ancient inhabitants,52P."Pine ridges," description of,14Plants, list of, used as medicine,38Pottery—ancient, description of,54ancient, ornamentation of,54slight attempt at decoration,28Pottery making—exclusively by older women,28no polish, glaze, or paint applied,28rendered unnecessary by iron pots and earthenware,17Property, disposition of, at death,33Punishment—fine, flogging, and death only methods of,35for witchcraft or sorcery,36imprisonment as, unknown,35R.Religion—ancient inhabitants,56Catholic priests not permitted for many years,41PageChristianity a thin veneer,42four principal ceremonies,42human sacrifice by the ancient inhabitants,57Indian conception of,40native priests appointed,41Religious altars, draped and decorated,28Rum—made locally,34women usually drink privately,34S.Sandals, worn by ancient inhabitants,52Santa Cruz tribe—emigration of,13estimate of population,13measurements of,15physical description of,15policy of extermination of, by Mexican Government,13Smallpox—terrible scourge,37treatment for, often disastrous,37Snakes used as food,24Spinning—method of,29no longer practiced,17universal among ancient women,55Spirits, belief in,40Superstition, "Santa Cruz" oracle,41Surgery, practice of,37T.Teeth, filed and filled with plugs,51Tobacco—curing of,30vanilla leaves mixed with, to give flavor and fragrance,30Torch used in fishing,25Tortillas, preparation and cooking of,21Traps used in capturing game,24Turkey, use of, in Cha chac ceremony,45V.Villages—description of,32foreigners not permitted to reside in,32frequent changes of sites,27locations of, carefully concealed,32W.Weapons—defensive, of ancient inhabitants,53offensive, of ancient inhabitants,52Weaving—method of,29no longer practiced,17Women—dress of,19in gala costume present attractive appearance,16industrious workers,17jewelry and ornaments worn by,19obscene and disgusting language used by,16occupation of,17personal cleanliness of,16physically and mentally superior to men,16social characteristics of,16Y.Yucatan, geographical description of,14Yucatecan tribes, immigration into northern British Honduras,13
PageMachete, used as tool and weapon,28Malaria—chief scourge of Indians,36treated by sweating,36Marriage—age of,32all degrees of racial mixture,34ceremony often delayed,33Maya women to Negro men common,33not legal among Santa Cruz unless performed by certain official,33obligation somewhat loose,33usually by Catholic priest,33Massage, practiced by midwives,38Maya, progenitors of present inhabitants,15Medicine, list of plants used as,38Men—cruelty of, often in nature of reprisal,18dress of,18example of cruelty of master to servant,18have no desire to accumulate wealth,18mental characteristics of,17occupation of,17skillful in finding routes and in following tracks,18stoical in bearing pain,18Metate—superseded by hand mills,17use of,21Milpa—many fruits and vegetables grown in,20preparation of,20Moccasins, making of,19Mosquitoes, carriers of malaria,36Mounds—abundant on fertile soil,50classification of,49contents indicate physical appearance of ancient inhabitants,51manner of construction,65Museum of the American Indian, objects from collection of,13O.Odor, peculiar,16Oils, for cooking and lighting,31Ornaments, worn by ancient inhabitants,52P."Pine ridges," description of,14Plants, list of, used as medicine,38Pottery—ancient, description of,54ancient, ornamentation of,54slight attempt at decoration,28Pottery making—exclusively by older women,28no polish, glaze, or paint applied,28rendered unnecessary by iron pots and earthenware,17Property, disposition of, at death,33Punishment—fine, flogging, and death only methods of,35for witchcraft or sorcery,36imprisonment as, unknown,35R.Religion—ancient inhabitants,56Catholic priests not permitted for many years,41
PageChristianity a thin veneer,42four principal ceremonies,42human sacrifice by the ancient inhabitants,57Indian conception of,40native priests appointed,41Religious altars, draped and decorated,28Rum—made locally,34women usually drink privately,34S.Sandals, worn by ancient inhabitants,52Santa Cruz tribe—emigration of,13estimate of population,13measurements of,15physical description of,15policy of extermination of, by Mexican Government,13Smallpox—terrible scourge,37treatment for, often disastrous,37Snakes used as food,24Spinning—method of,29no longer practiced,17universal among ancient women,55Spirits, belief in,40Superstition, "Santa Cruz" oracle,41Surgery, practice of,37T.Teeth, filed and filled with plugs,51Tobacco—curing of,30vanilla leaves mixed with, to give flavor and fragrance,30Torch used in fishing,25Tortillas, preparation and cooking of,21Traps used in capturing game,24Turkey, use of, in Cha chac ceremony,45V.Villages—description of,32foreigners not permitted to reside in,32frequent changes of sites,27locations of, carefully concealed,32W.Weapons—defensive, of ancient inhabitants,53offensive, of ancient inhabitants,52Weaving—method of,29no longer practiced,17Women—dress of,19in gala costume present attractive appearance,16industrious workers,17jewelry and ornaments worn by,19obscene and disgusting language used by,16occupation of,17personal cleanliness of,16physically and mentally superior to men,16social characteristics of,16Y.Yucatan, geographical description of,14Yucatecan tribes, immigration into northern British Honduras,13