Chapter 12

Modulus of elasticity,6,25,89

formulæ,98,102,104,114,123

of rupture,26,54,62,75

formulæ,98,102

speed-strength,94

Moisture, determination,90,133-134

effect of,6,8,17,33,75-84,138-139

Mulberry,44,51

Natural shape and size,2

Neutral axis,23

plane,23,33

Oak,15,22,43,48,49,55,60,66,71,84

black,40

bur,13

live,22

post,9,13,16,20,27,32,40,42,56

red,9,13,16,20,27,32,40,42,56,124

southern,52,71

swamp white,9,16,20,27,32,42,56

tanbark,56

white,13,16,20,27,32,40,42,54,56,72,144

yellow,9,13,16,20,27,32,42,56

Osage orange,13,16,27,32,40,51,56

Oven-dry,57

Packing Boxes, testing,124

Permanent set,5

Permeability,54

Pitch pockets,65

Pith rays (see Rays)

Pine,44,45,55

Cuban,71

loblolly,36,48,51,54,71,85,140,141,142,143

lodgepole,13,16,20,27,32,40,42,57

longleaf,6,7,8,9,13,14,16,20,27,32,36,40,42,46,57,59,65,71,78,140,141,142,143,144

northern yellow,22

Norway (see Red pine)

red,9,13,16,20,27,32,36,40,42,48,57,140,141,142,143,144

shortleaf,13,27,36,48,57,71,140,141,142,143,144

southern yellow,22,124

sugar,9,13,16,20,27,32,42,57

western yellow,9,13,16,20,27,32,40,42,57

white,13,15,16,20,22,27,32,40,42,51,57,144

Plane, neutral,23,33

Plasticity,6

Pliability,5,38,85

Poplar,22,44

yellow,44

Pores,44

Preservatives, effect of,86

Rays,60

effect on compression failure,17,18

shrinkage,81-82

Redwood,13,16,27,36,48,57,140,141,142,143,144

Resilience,2,5,49

elastic,6

formulæ for,98,102,104,114

Resin, effect of,59

pockets,65

Rind-gall,65

Ring, annual,44

growth,44,52

-shake,64-65

-porous,44,59

Rot,68,69

Rupture, modulus of,26,54,62,75

formulæ,98,102

Safe Load,29

Sap,73,74

-stain,59

-wood,50-54,73,74

Sassafras,51

Season checks,61,78-84

of cutting, effect of,73-75

Seasoning,55,74,75-84

Second-growth,49,50

Set,5

Shake,64-66,72

cup,64

heart,64

ring,64

star,64

Shear 3,19-22,133

across the grain,19,21,22

along the grain,19,21,76,94,107-110

formulæ,98,102

horizontal,24

failure,35-37

longitudinal,21,24

oblique,21,22

transverse,23

vertical,23

Shearing strength,2,19

Shipping dry,57

Shipworms,67

Shock,30,49

Shortening,3,33

Shrinkage,54,58,74,76,78-82,135-137

S-irons,83

Site, effect on wood,48,49,70-73

Size of test specimens, effect of,89-90,138-139

Sketching test specimens,94-95,100,102,106

Softwood,44,60

Span,25

Specific gravity,55,135-137

Speed of testing machine,93-94

-strength modulus,94

Sphæeroma,67

Spike-pulling test,123

Spiral grain,60

Splintering tension failure,34

Splitting,41,60

Spring wood (see Early wood)

Spruce,14,15,22,44,59,75,84,144

Engelmann,13,16,20,27,32,40,42,57

red,7,13,27,57,140,141

white,13,27,57,140,140

Static tests, machine for,90-92

Steaming, effect of,85,87

Stiffness,1,4,5,6,25,26,62,76

Strain, definition of,2

unit,3

Stress, compressive,3

definition of,2

due to impact,31,32

external,2,33

internal,2

shearing,3,21

tensile,3,62

torsional,38

Stress, unit,3

-strain diagram,3,97-98,100

Structural timbers, strength of,138-144

Summer wood, (see Late wood)

Sycamore,9,13,16,20,27,32,42,57,64

Tamarack,9,13,16,20,27,32,36,40,42,48,57,140,141,142,143,144

Temperature, effect of,84-86

Tensile strength,1,7,23,78

parallel to grain,7,8

right angles to grain,8

Tension,7

failures,34

tests,118-122

Teredo,67

Tests, impact,31-33

timber,88-136

Test specimens, size of,89-90

Timber testing,88-136

Vehicle woods, testing,124

Variability of wood,1,2,43

Walnut, black,22

common,22

Water content,55,73,74

effect of,06,08,17,33,75-84

Wear, resistance to (see Abrasion)

Weight, relation to mechanical properties,54-55

Willow,44

black,13

Work (see Resilience),30,54

Working plan,88,127-137

Xylotrya,67

Yellow Poplar,44

Zinc Chloride, effect of,87


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