[1.]J. M. Neale and G. H. Forbes,The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church(Burntisland, 1855) p. v.[2.]P. Jaffé,Regesta Pontificum Romanorum(Lipsiae, 1885-8) 2473 (1900).[3.]Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum sectio, II,Capitularia Regum Francorum, I,Capitulare primum, 769;Capitulare Haristallense, 779;Admonitio generalis, 789;Synodus Franconofurtensis, 794;Epistola de litteris colendis, 780-800;Epistola generalis, 786-800;Capitulare missorum generale, 802;Capitularia missorum specialia, 802;Synodus et conventus aquisgrani habita, 802;Capitulare de examinandis ecclesiasticis, 802;Capitulare missorum, 803;Capitulare de causis etc., 811;Capitulare aquisgranense, 801-813;Capitulare cum episcopis etc., 780-790;Capitulare mantuanum primum, no date, p. 194;Pippini capitulare Italicum, 801-810.[4.]MGH, Legum sectio, II,Capitularia Regum Francorum, I,Epistola generalis, no. 30, p. 80; P. Jaffé,Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum, vol. IV,Monumenta Carolina(Berlin, 1867) 139, 140.[5.]Dom R. Van Doren,Étude sur l’influence musicale de l’abbaye de Saint-Gall(Louvain, 1925) ch. vi, Metz.[6.]E. Mühlbacher,Deutsche Geschichte unter den Karolingern(Stuttgart, 1896) 211; Jaffé,Monumenta Carolina, 358ff.[7.]E. Bishop,Liturgica Historica(Oxford, 1918) 49-55.[8.]A. Fortescue,The Mass(London, 1914) 183.[9.]InMonumenta Germaniae Historica—Poetarum latinorum medii aevi, vol. iv, edited by P. von Winterfeld (Berlin, 1923).[10.]W. Turner, “Irish Teachers in the Carolingian Revival of Learning,”Cath. Un. Bulletin, XIII (Washington, 1907) 384-5; J. J. O’Kelly,Ireland: Elements of her Early Story(Dublin, 1921) ch. viii,Early Irish on the Continent.[11.]Einhard,Vita Caroli, 21.[12.]L. Gougaud,Gaelic Pioneers of Christianity, VI-XII Century(Dublin, 1923) 60-3. Translated by Victor Collins.[13.]S. Singer,Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen(Leipzig, 1922)Introd.(by Peter Wagner) 11.[14.]Turner,supra, 570; J. M. Clark,The Abbey of St. Gall as a Center of Literature and Art(Cambridge, 1926) 31.[15.]Annales Laurissenses, anno 757(MGH, SS, I, 140).[16.]Jaffé, Regesta, 2346 (1799); Notker Balbulus,Epistolae(MPL, 131, 1172);Gesta Caroli, II, 7.[17.]F. H. Dudden,Gregory the Great(ch. 2, note 9) I, ch.VI Gregory at Constantinople.[18.]P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,”Stimmen der Zeit, Bd. 114 (1927) 138.[19.]Clark,The Abbey of St. Gall etc., 112; C. Diehl,Manuel d’Art Byzantin(Paris, 1910) 359-360, 362-3; M. Hauttmann,Die Kunst des frühen Mittelalters(Berlin, 1929) 51-62; J. Strzygowski,Origin of Christian Church Art(Oxford, 1923) 84.[20.]Anal. Hymn., 51,Introduction, xvii-xix; extended lists of the later Latin hymns appear in J. Julian,Dictionary of Hymnology(London, 1925) 546, 547.[21.]J. Mearns,Early Latin Hymnaries(Cambridge, 1913).[22.]Walpole,Early Latin Hymns, (ch. 1, note 3) xi.[23.]Walpole,ibid, xii; W. H. Frere, Introduction toHymns Ancient and Modern Historical Edition(London, 1909); Wilmart,Le Psautier de la Reine etc., 362-3; F. J. E. Raby,Christian Latin Poetry(Oxford, 1927) 38-41. See also R. E. Messenger, “Whence the Ninth Century Hymnal?,”TAPhA 69(1938) 446-464.[24.]Gesta Caroli, I, 10; Einhard,Vita Caroli, edited by Garrod and Mowat (Oxford, 1915), Appendix, p. xxxvii.[25.]Heimbucher,Die Orden und Congregationenetc., vol. I, 235, 237-9;Jahrbücher der deutschen Geschichte(Berlin & Leipzig, 1866-1902),Geschichte des Ostfrankischen Reichs, vol. II, 39, 42, 46.[26.]Alcuin,De psalmorum usu(MPL, 101),Officia per ferias MPL, 101,Epistolae84, 94, 164, 227 (MPL, 101): Rabanus Maurus,De clericis institutés, II, 49 (MPL, 107, 362): Amalarius of Metz,De officiis divinis(continuation) in J. Mabillon,Vetera Analecta(Paris, 1723) 99; Walafrid Strabo,De ecclesiasticarum rerum exordiisetc., ch. xxv (MPL, 114, 952ff.).[27.]H. De Boor,Die deutsche Literatur770-1170 (München, 1949) 21.[28.]P. Batiffol,History of the Roman Breviary(London, 1912) 143-4.[29.]Anal. Hymn. 51.[30.]Translation of first line, J. M. Neale.[31.]Dom P. B. Gams,Die Kirchengeschichte von Spanien(Regensburg, 1862-1879) II, Pt. 2, 302, 326-9; Z. García Villada,Historia eclesiástica de España(Madrid, 1929-36) V, 85.[32.]De Urbel, “Los himnos mozárabes,”Revista ecles. Silos58 (1927) 56-61.[33.]E. Bishop, “Spanish Symptoms,”Liturgica Historica(Oxford, 1918) 168.[34.]L. Wiener,Contributions toward a History of Arabico-Gothic Culture(New York, 1917-21) 101; H. G. Farmer,Historical Facts for the Arabian Musical Influence(London, 1930) 23.[35.]Anal. Hymn. 51,Introduction.
[1.]J. M. Neale and G. H. Forbes,The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church(Burntisland, 1855) p. v.
[2.]P. Jaffé,Regesta Pontificum Romanorum(Lipsiae, 1885-8) 2473 (1900).
[3.]Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum sectio, II,Capitularia Regum Francorum, I,Capitulare primum, 769;Capitulare Haristallense, 779;Admonitio generalis, 789;Synodus Franconofurtensis, 794;Epistola de litteris colendis, 780-800;Epistola generalis, 786-800;Capitulare missorum generale, 802;Capitularia missorum specialia, 802;Synodus et conventus aquisgrani habita, 802;Capitulare de examinandis ecclesiasticis, 802;Capitulare missorum, 803;Capitulare de causis etc., 811;Capitulare aquisgranense, 801-813;Capitulare cum episcopis etc., 780-790;Capitulare mantuanum primum, no date, p. 194;Pippini capitulare Italicum, 801-810.
[4.]MGH, Legum sectio, II,Capitularia Regum Francorum, I,Epistola generalis, no. 30, p. 80; P. Jaffé,Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum, vol. IV,Monumenta Carolina(Berlin, 1867) 139, 140.
[5.]Dom R. Van Doren,Étude sur l’influence musicale de l’abbaye de Saint-Gall(Louvain, 1925) ch. vi, Metz.
[6.]E. Mühlbacher,Deutsche Geschichte unter den Karolingern(Stuttgart, 1896) 211; Jaffé,Monumenta Carolina, 358ff.
[7.]E. Bishop,Liturgica Historica(Oxford, 1918) 49-55.
[8.]A. Fortescue,The Mass(London, 1914) 183.
[9.]InMonumenta Germaniae Historica—Poetarum latinorum medii aevi, vol. iv, edited by P. von Winterfeld (Berlin, 1923).
[10.]W. Turner, “Irish Teachers in the Carolingian Revival of Learning,”Cath. Un. Bulletin, XIII (Washington, 1907) 384-5; J. J. O’Kelly,Ireland: Elements of her Early Story(Dublin, 1921) ch. viii,Early Irish on the Continent.
[11.]Einhard,Vita Caroli, 21.
[12.]L. Gougaud,Gaelic Pioneers of Christianity, VI-XII Century(Dublin, 1923) 60-3. Translated by Victor Collins.
[13.]S. Singer,Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen(Leipzig, 1922)Introd.(by Peter Wagner) 11.
[14.]Turner,supra, 570; J. M. Clark,The Abbey of St. Gall as a Center of Literature and Art(Cambridge, 1926) 31.
[15.]Annales Laurissenses, anno 757(MGH, SS, I, 140).
[16.]Jaffé, Regesta, 2346 (1799); Notker Balbulus,Epistolae(MPL, 131, 1172);Gesta Caroli, II, 7.
[17.]F. H. Dudden,Gregory the Great(ch. 2, note 9) I, ch.VI Gregory at Constantinople.
[18.]P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,”Stimmen der Zeit, Bd. 114 (1927) 138.
[19.]Clark,The Abbey of St. Gall etc., 112; C. Diehl,Manuel d’Art Byzantin(Paris, 1910) 359-360, 362-3; M. Hauttmann,Die Kunst des frühen Mittelalters(Berlin, 1929) 51-62; J. Strzygowski,Origin of Christian Church Art(Oxford, 1923) 84.
[20.]Anal. Hymn., 51,Introduction, xvii-xix; extended lists of the later Latin hymns appear in J. Julian,Dictionary of Hymnology(London, 1925) 546, 547.
[21.]J. Mearns,Early Latin Hymnaries(Cambridge, 1913).
[22.]Walpole,Early Latin Hymns, (ch. 1, note 3) xi.
[23.]Walpole,ibid, xii; W. H. Frere, Introduction toHymns Ancient and Modern Historical Edition(London, 1909); Wilmart,Le Psautier de la Reine etc., 362-3; F. J. E. Raby,Christian Latin Poetry(Oxford, 1927) 38-41. See also R. E. Messenger, “Whence the Ninth Century Hymnal?,”TAPhA 69(1938) 446-464.
[24.]Gesta Caroli, I, 10; Einhard,Vita Caroli, edited by Garrod and Mowat (Oxford, 1915), Appendix, p. xxxvii.
[25.]Heimbucher,Die Orden und Congregationenetc., vol. I, 235, 237-9;Jahrbücher der deutschen Geschichte(Berlin & Leipzig, 1866-1902),Geschichte des Ostfrankischen Reichs, vol. II, 39, 42, 46.
[26.]Alcuin,De psalmorum usu(MPL, 101),Officia per ferias MPL, 101,Epistolae84, 94, 164, 227 (MPL, 101): Rabanus Maurus,De clericis institutés, II, 49 (MPL, 107, 362): Amalarius of Metz,De officiis divinis(continuation) in J. Mabillon,Vetera Analecta(Paris, 1723) 99; Walafrid Strabo,De ecclesiasticarum rerum exordiisetc., ch. xxv (MPL, 114, 952ff.).
[27.]H. De Boor,Die deutsche Literatur770-1170 (München, 1949) 21.
[28.]P. Batiffol,History of the Roman Breviary(London, 1912) 143-4.
[29.]Anal. Hymn. 51.
[30.]Translation of first line, J. M. Neale.
[31.]Dom P. B. Gams,Die Kirchengeschichte von Spanien(Regensburg, 1862-1879) II, Pt. 2, 302, 326-9; Z. García Villada,Historia eclesiástica de España(Madrid, 1929-36) V, 85.
[32.]De Urbel, “Los himnos mozárabes,”Revista ecles. Silos58 (1927) 56-61.
[33.]E. Bishop, “Spanish Symptoms,”Liturgica Historica(Oxford, 1918) 168.
[34.]L. Wiener,Contributions toward a History of Arabico-Gothic Culture(New York, 1917-21) 101; H. G. Farmer,Historical Facts for the Arabian Musical Influence(London, 1930) 23.
[35.]Anal. Hymn. 51,Introduction.
[1.]Fortescue,The Mass(Seech. 3, note 8) 268-9.[2.]SeeIntroductiontoA. H.53, by C. Blume and H. M. Bannister. ThisIntroductionhas been used as the basis for the discussion of sequence origins. Theories and opinions of others are noted from time to time.[3.]W. H. Frere, Introduction toHymns Ancient and Modern(Seech. 3, note 23) xxviii; P. Wagner,Introduction to Gregorian Melodies(London, 1907) 223, translation by Orme and Wyatt.[4.]G. Reese,Music in the Middle Ages(ch. 1, note 11)passim. This book contains an excellent standard account of the musical aspect of the sequence.[5.]G. Schnürer,Kirche und Kultur im Abendland(Paderborn, 1926) II, 88.[6.]W. Christ, “Über die Bedeutung von Hirmos, etc.,”Sitzungberichte der kön. bay. Akad. der Wissenschaft zu München, II (1870) 89f.[7.]A. Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Sequence,”Tribune de Saint-Gervais, Dec. 1922, 1, 2.[8.]Frere,Introduction, supra, xxiv.[9.]L. Gautier,Histoire de la poésie liturgique au Moyen âge(Paris, 1886) 1.[10.]A. Gastoué, “Les Origines liturgiques de la séquence,”Tribune de Saint-Gervais, June, 1922. See also Wetzer and Welte,Kirchenlexicon, Sequenzen: an important article.[11.]Amalarius,De ecclesiasticis officiis, III, 16 (MPL, 105, 1123).[12.]J. Ottenwälder, “Griechisch-byzantinische Einflüsse,”Theol. Quartalschr. XCVII (1915), 564-7.[13.]Reese,Music in the Middle Ages, supra, 133.[14.]S. Singer,Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen(ch. 3, note 13),Introduction, 14, 15.[15.]The earliest manuscript isAntiphonale missarum S. Gregorii, codex 239 of Laon; seePaléographie musicale, X. A. Gastoué,Les Origines du Chant Romain(Paris, 1907) 250f.[16.]Wetzer und Welte,supra, Sequenzen.[17.]Frere,Introduction, supra, xxviii-xxix; Notker Balbulus,Liber sequentiarum, Praefatio(MPL, 131, 1003).[18.]P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,” (ch. 3, note 18) 139; Schnürer,supra, II, 88.[19.]Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Séquence,”supra, 2.[20.]W. Meyer,Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur mittellateinischen Rythmik(Berlin, 1908) 37.[21.]P. Von Winterfeld,Stilfragen aus der lateinischen Dichtung des MittelaltersinDeutsche Dichter etc. (München, 1922) 442.[22.]W. Meyer,supra, 41: “So ist die lyrische Dichtung des Mittelalters durchaus dem Kirchengesang neu geboren worden.”[23.]E. Wellesz,Eastern Elements in Western Chant. Studies in the Early History of Ecclesiastical Music(Oxford, 1947) Pt. IV, ch. 1,Origin of sequences and tropes, an excellent summary of the subject as investigated to 1947.[24.]Notker,supra,note 17.[25.]P. A. Schubiger,Die Sängerschule St. Gallens vom viii.-xii. Jahrhundert(Einsiedeln, 1858); W. Wilmanns, “Welche Sequenzen hat Notker verfasst?,”Zeitschrift f. deutsches Altertum, XV (1872) 267f.; J. Werner,Notkers Sequenzen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Lat. Sequenzendichtung(Aarau, 1901) III, IV; S. Singer,supra; Van Doren, (ch. 3, note 5) ch. 9; Clark, (ch. 3, note 14) 175. W. von den Steinen,Notker der Dichter und seine geistliche Welt, 2 vols. (Bern. 1948). This author reviews previous literature.[26.]Ottenwälder,supra, 464-5.[27.]They areCanopica,Styx,Phlegethon,sophia,herous,Myrmidonas,spermologos.[28.]P. S. Allen,Romanesque Lyric(Un. of North Carolina Press, 1928) 66, 221, 222; Schnürer,supra, 89; Wellesz.supra, 165; W. B. Sedgwick, “Origin of Rhyme,” “Revue Bénédictine” XXXVI (1924), 341.[29.]Several attractive illustrations of themodusmay be found in Karl Breul’s edition ofThe Cambridge Songs(Cambridge, 1915).[30.]Schnürer,supra, 89; R. Molitor,Die Musik in der Reichnau, reviewed inJahrbuch f. LiturgiewissenschaftVI (1926) 331.[31.]SeeChapter VII.
[1.]Fortescue,The Mass(Seech. 3, note 8) 268-9.
[2.]SeeIntroductiontoA. H.53, by C. Blume and H. M. Bannister. ThisIntroductionhas been used as the basis for the discussion of sequence origins. Theories and opinions of others are noted from time to time.
[3.]W. H. Frere, Introduction toHymns Ancient and Modern(Seech. 3, note 23) xxviii; P. Wagner,Introduction to Gregorian Melodies(London, 1907) 223, translation by Orme and Wyatt.
[4.]G. Reese,Music in the Middle Ages(ch. 1, note 11)passim. This book contains an excellent standard account of the musical aspect of the sequence.
[5.]G. Schnürer,Kirche und Kultur im Abendland(Paderborn, 1926) II, 88.
[6.]W. Christ, “Über die Bedeutung von Hirmos, etc.,”Sitzungberichte der kön. bay. Akad. der Wissenschaft zu München, II (1870) 89f.
[7.]A. Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Sequence,”Tribune de Saint-Gervais, Dec. 1922, 1, 2.
[8.]Frere,Introduction, supra, xxiv.
[9.]L. Gautier,Histoire de la poésie liturgique au Moyen âge(Paris, 1886) 1.
[10.]A. Gastoué, “Les Origines liturgiques de la séquence,”Tribune de Saint-Gervais, June, 1922. See also Wetzer and Welte,Kirchenlexicon, Sequenzen: an important article.
[11.]Amalarius,De ecclesiasticis officiis, III, 16 (MPL, 105, 1123).
[12.]J. Ottenwälder, “Griechisch-byzantinische Einflüsse,”Theol. Quartalschr. XCVII (1915), 564-7.
[13.]Reese,Music in the Middle Ages, supra, 133.
[14.]S. Singer,Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen(ch. 3, note 13),Introduction, 14, 15.
[15.]The earliest manuscript isAntiphonale missarum S. Gregorii, codex 239 of Laon; seePaléographie musicale, X. A. Gastoué,Les Origines du Chant Romain(Paris, 1907) 250f.
[16.]Wetzer und Welte,supra, Sequenzen.
[17.]Frere,Introduction, supra, xxviii-xxix; Notker Balbulus,Liber sequentiarum, Praefatio(MPL, 131, 1003).
[18.]P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,” (ch. 3, note 18) 139; Schnürer,supra, II, 88.
[19.]Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Séquence,”supra, 2.
[20.]W. Meyer,Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur mittellateinischen Rythmik(Berlin, 1908) 37.
[21.]P. Von Winterfeld,Stilfragen aus der lateinischen Dichtung des MittelaltersinDeutsche Dichter etc. (München, 1922) 442.
[22.]W. Meyer,supra, 41: “So ist die lyrische Dichtung des Mittelalters durchaus dem Kirchengesang neu geboren worden.”
[23.]E. Wellesz,Eastern Elements in Western Chant. Studies in the Early History of Ecclesiastical Music(Oxford, 1947) Pt. IV, ch. 1,Origin of sequences and tropes, an excellent summary of the subject as investigated to 1947.
[24.]Notker,supra,note 17.
[25.]P. A. Schubiger,Die Sängerschule St. Gallens vom viii.-xii. Jahrhundert(Einsiedeln, 1858); W. Wilmanns, “Welche Sequenzen hat Notker verfasst?,”Zeitschrift f. deutsches Altertum, XV (1872) 267f.; J. Werner,Notkers Sequenzen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Lat. Sequenzendichtung(Aarau, 1901) III, IV; S. Singer,supra; Van Doren, (ch. 3, note 5) ch. 9; Clark, (ch. 3, note 14) 175. W. von den Steinen,Notker der Dichter und seine geistliche Welt, 2 vols. (Bern. 1948). This author reviews previous literature.
[26.]Ottenwälder,supra, 464-5.
[27.]They areCanopica,Styx,Phlegethon,sophia,herous,Myrmidonas,spermologos.
[28.]P. S. Allen,Romanesque Lyric(Un. of North Carolina Press, 1928) 66, 221, 222; Schnürer,supra, 89; Wellesz.supra, 165; W. B. Sedgwick, “Origin of Rhyme,” “Revue Bénédictine” XXXVI (1924), 341.
[29.]Several attractive illustrations of themodusmay be found in Karl Breul’s edition ofThe Cambridge Songs(Cambridge, 1915).
[30.]Schnürer,supra, 89; R. Molitor,Die Musik in der Reichnau, reviewed inJahrbuch f. LiturgiewissenschaftVI (1926) 331.
[31.]SeeChapter VII.
[1.]J. De Ghellinck, S. J.,L’Essor de la Littérature Latine au XIIe Siècle, 2 vols. (Brussels, 1946) II, 285.[2.]M. Hélin, History ofMedieval Latin Literature(New York, 1949), translated by J. C. Snow fromLittérature d’occident: Histoire des Lettres latines du Moyen Age, 79.[3.]L. Gautier,Oeuvres poétiques d’Adam de Saint-Victor, 2 vols. (Paris, 1858-9); E. Misset et P. Aubry,Les Proses d’Adam de Saint-Victor(Paris, 1900).[4.]Translations of first lines: R. Messenger, Anon, E. Caswall.[5.]Translations of first lines: S. A. Hurlbut, R. Messenger.[6.]A. H.48. 141-232.[7.]Translations of first lines: 1 and 2, H. Waddell; 3 and 5, E. Caswall; 4, R. Messenger.[8.]Hélin,supra, 117.[9.]P. Wagner,Introduction to the Gregorian Melodies(ch. 4, note 3) 241.[10.]Translations of first lines: 1 and 4, R. A. Knox; 2, H. T. Henry; 3, W. J. Irons.[11.]Translation of first line: R. Messenger.[12.]R. E. Messenger, “Hymns and Sequences of the Sarum Use,”TAPhA, 59 (1928) 99-129.[13.]E. Bishop,Liturgica Historica(Oxford, 1918) 211-37.[14.]E. Hoskins,Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis etc. (London, 1901); H. Bohatta,Bibliographie des livres d’heures(Wien, 1924), 2nd edition.[15.]R. E. Messenger, “Hymns in the Horae Eboracenses,”Classical Weekly, 38 (Jan., 1945) 90-5.[16.]S. Singer, “Arabische und europäische Poesie im Mittelalter,”Zeitschrift f. deutsche Philologie, LII (April, 1927); K. Burdach, “Über den Ursprung des mittelalterichen Minnesangs, etc.” inVorspielI (Halle, 1925) 311; A. F. von Schack,Poesie und Kunst der Araber etc., 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1877) II, 101-5.[17.]C. F. Brown,Religious Lyrics of the 14th Century(Oxford, 1924). Translations of William Herebert (d. 1333) xiii.[18.]Ad honorem Regis summi, translation of first line: R. E. Messenger. See C. Daux,Les Chansons des Pèlerins de St. Jacques(Montauban, 1899).[19.]A. S. Walpole,Early Latin Hymns, (ch. 1, note 3) 87-92.[20.]E. Rodgers,Discussion of Holidays in the Later Middle Ages(New York 1940) 33. Miss Rodgers sums up the evidence here, reaching an affirmative conclusion.[21.]L. Thorndike, “Elementary and Secondary Education in the Middle Ages,”Speculum, 15 (1940) 400-8, p. 401.[22.]W. O. Wehrle,Macaronic Hymn Tradition etc. (Washington, 1933).
[1.]J. De Ghellinck, S. J.,L’Essor de la Littérature Latine au XIIe Siècle, 2 vols. (Brussels, 1946) II, 285.
[2.]M. Hélin, History ofMedieval Latin Literature(New York, 1949), translated by J. C. Snow fromLittérature d’occident: Histoire des Lettres latines du Moyen Age, 79.
[3.]L. Gautier,Oeuvres poétiques d’Adam de Saint-Victor, 2 vols. (Paris, 1858-9); E. Misset et P. Aubry,Les Proses d’Adam de Saint-Victor(Paris, 1900).
[4.]Translations of first lines: R. Messenger, Anon, E. Caswall.
[5.]Translations of first lines: S. A. Hurlbut, R. Messenger.
[6.]A. H.48. 141-232.
[7.]Translations of first lines: 1 and 2, H. Waddell; 3 and 5, E. Caswall; 4, R. Messenger.
[8.]Hélin,supra, 117.
[9.]P. Wagner,Introduction to the Gregorian Melodies(ch. 4, note 3) 241.
[10.]Translations of first lines: 1 and 4, R. A. Knox; 2, H. T. Henry; 3, W. J. Irons.
[11.]Translation of first line: R. Messenger.
[12.]R. E. Messenger, “Hymns and Sequences of the Sarum Use,”TAPhA, 59 (1928) 99-129.
[13.]E. Bishop,Liturgica Historica(Oxford, 1918) 211-37.
[14.]E. Hoskins,Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis etc. (London, 1901); H. Bohatta,Bibliographie des livres d’heures(Wien, 1924), 2nd edition.
[15.]R. E. Messenger, “Hymns in the Horae Eboracenses,”Classical Weekly, 38 (Jan., 1945) 90-5.
[16.]S. Singer, “Arabische und europäische Poesie im Mittelalter,”Zeitschrift f. deutsche Philologie, LII (April, 1927); K. Burdach, “Über den Ursprung des mittelalterichen Minnesangs, etc.” inVorspielI (Halle, 1925) 311; A. F. von Schack,Poesie und Kunst der Araber etc., 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1877) II, 101-5.
[17.]C. F. Brown,Religious Lyrics of the 14th Century(Oxford, 1924). Translations of William Herebert (d. 1333) xiii.
[18.]Ad honorem Regis summi, translation of first line: R. E. Messenger. See C. Daux,Les Chansons des Pèlerins de St. Jacques(Montauban, 1899).
[19.]A. S. Walpole,Early Latin Hymns, (ch. 1, note 3) 87-92.
[20.]E. Rodgers,Discussion of Holidays in the Later Middle Ages(New York 1940) 33. Miss Rodgers sums up the evidence here, reaching an affirmative conclusion.
[21.]L. Thorndike, “Elementary and Secondary Education in the Middle Ages,”Speculum, 15 (1940) 400-8, p. 401.
[22.]W. O. Wehrle,Macaronic Hymn Tradition etc. (Washington, 1933).
[1.]Matt. 21: 4-ll;Mark11: 7-11;Luke19: 35-38;John12: 12-5.[2.]Basil,Ep. 207,Ad Neocaes, MPG32. 765; Ambrose,Ep.40. 16,Ad Theodosium, MPL16. 1107; Sozomen,Hist. Eccles.VIII, 8; see also Tertullian,Ad uxorem, II, 4, MPL 1. 1294.[3.]S. Silviae, quae fertur, Peregrinatio ad loca sancta, in Itinera Hierosolymitana, Saeculi III-VIII, ed. P. Geyer (Vindobonae, 1898)CSEL39. 35-101.[4.]Ibid.XXIV, 1-7, 8-12; XXV, 7; XXVI; XXXI; XL, 1-2.[5.]A. Bludau,Die Pilgerreise der Aetheria, Studien zur Gesch. u. Kultur d. Altertums XV, 1/2, (Paderborn, 1927) 56. Translation, Robert Bridges.[6.]A. Baumstark,Die Idiomela der byzantinischen Karfreitagshoren etc.Reviewed inJahrbuch f. Liturgiewissenschaft, 10 (1930) 339-40.[7.]P. Batiffol,Études de liturgie et d’archéologie chrétienne, (Paris, 1919) ch. VI,La Chandeleur, p. 200.[8.]Ambrose,Ep. 11(53),MPL17. 743-4; Augustine,De Civ. Dei22. 8;Conf.9. 7; See also the hymnGrates tibi, Jesu, novas, attributed to Ambrose,A. H.50. 17.[9.]G. H. Cobb, “Early Catholic Outdoor Processions,”The Month, 148 (1926) 539-542.[10.]For Mamertus, see Greg. Turonen.,Hist. franc.2. 34,MPL71. 230-32.Councils. Council of Orleans, 511, canon 17, Mansi VIII, 355; Council of Girona, 517,Capit.2 & 3, Mansi, VIII, 549; see also 17th Council of Toledo, 694,Capit.6, Mansi XII, 99-100.Litaniae maiores, Greg. Magnus,Ep.V, 11, Litany on Feast of St. John Baptist,MPL77, 732-3;Litania septiformis, Greg. Turonen.,Hist. franc.10, 1,MPL71. 519-20; Joh. Diac.,Vita Greg. Magn., 1. 41, 42, MPL 75. 80.[11.]L. Duchesne,Christian Worship, (London, 1904) 240, 515.[12.]P. Batiffol, (note 7) 197-201; L. Eisenhofer,Handbuch der Katholischen Liturgik, 2 vols. (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1923) I, 582-6.[13.]At this point the definition ofprocessioin Canon Law is of interest:Nomine sacrarum processionum significantur solemnes supplicationes quae a populi fideli, duce clero, fiunt eundo ordinatim de loco sacro ad locum sacrum, ad excitandam fidelium pietatem, ad commemoranda Dei beneficia eique gratias agendas, ad divinum auxilium implorandum. Can. 1290. ç I.[14.]B. M. Peebles, “Fortunatus, Poet of the Holy Cross,”Amer. Church Monthly38 (1935, July-Sept.) 152-166. His account is based upon Greg. Turonen.,Hist. franc., IX, 40; Baudonovia,Vita S. Rad., II. 16.[15.]R. E. Messenger,Salve festa dies, TAPhA, 78 (1947) 208-222. Translation, S. A. Hurlbut; forSalve festa dies, traditional.[16.]Dom M. Férotin,Liber ordinum, inMonumenta ecclesiae liturgica, 5 (Paris, 1904) 178-87; Isidore of Seville,De ecclesiasticis officiis, 1. 38.[17.]Férotin,supra, 179.[18.]A. S. Walpole,Early Latin Hymns, (ch. 1, note 3) 337-340. Translation, 1st line, Walpole.[19.]Duchesne,supra, 162-4.[20.]Walpole,supra, 342-4.[21.]Translations in this chapter, unless otherwise noted, are furnished by the author.[22.]L. Gautier,Histoire de la Poésie liturgique etc.(ch. 4, note 9) ch. VI,Versus.[23.]Von den Steinen,Notker der Dichter etc.(ch. 4, note 25) I, 40-42.[24.]Eisenhofer (seenote 12) I, 522-3.[25.]Dom A. Wilmart,Auteurs spirituels etc.(Paris, 1932) 26-36.[26.]R. E. Messenger,Sancta Maria quid est?, Cath. Choirmaster, June, 1950.[27.]Eisenhofer,supra, I, 100-102.[28.]Du Cange, seeversarius.[29.]Gulielmus Durandus,Rationale divinorum officiorum(Lugdini, 1612) Bk. IV,De accessu sacerdotis ac pontificis ad altare et de Processione.[30.]Ibid.fol. 102.[31.]D. Attwater,Dictionary of Saints(London, 1938) 180.[32.]G. Reese,Music in the Middle Ages(ch. 1, note 11) 201.[33.]L. Ellinwood, “The Conductus,”Musical Quarterly, 27 (1941) 2. 165-203.
[1.]Matt. 21: 4-ll;Mark11: 7-11;Luke19: 35-38;John12: 12-5.
[2.]Basil,Ep. 207,Ad Neocaes, MPG32. 765; Ambrose,Ep.40. 16,Ad Theodosium, MPL16. 1107; Sozomen,Hist. Eccles.VIII, 8; see also Tertullian,Ad uxorem, II, 4, MPL 1. 1294.
[3.]S. Silviae, quae fertur, Peregrinatio ad loca sancta, in Itinera Hierosolymitana, Saeculi III-VIII, ed. P. Geyer (Vindobonae, 1898)CSEL39. 35-101.
[4.]Ibid.XXIV, 1-7, 8-12; XXV, 7; XXVI; XXXI; XL, 1-2.
[5.]A. Bludau,Die Pilgerreise der Aetheria, Studien zur Gesch. u. Kultur d. Altertums XV, 1/2, (Paderborn, 1927) 56. Translation, Robert Bridges.
[6.]A. Baumstark,Die Idiomela der byzantinischen Karfreitagshoren etc.Reviewed inJahrbuch f. Liturgiewissenschaft, 10 (1930) 339-40.
[7.]P. Batiffol,Études de liturgie et d’archéologie chrétienne, (Paris, 1919) ch. VI,La Chandeleur, p. 200.
[8.]Ambrose,Ep. 11(53),MPL17. 743-4; Augustine,De Civ. Dei22. 8;Conf.9. 7; See also the hymnGrates tibi, Jesu, novas, attributed to Ambrose,A. H.50. 17.
[9.]G. H. Cobb, “Early Catholic Outdoor Processions,”The Month, 148 (1926) 539-542.
[10.]For Mamertus, see Greg. Turonen.,Hist. franc.2. 34,MPL71. 230-32.Councils. Council of Orleans, 511, canon 17, Mansi VIII, 355; Council of Girona, 517,Capit.2 & 3, Mansi, VIII, 549; see also 17th Council of Toledo, 694,Capit.6, Mansi XII, 99-100.Litaniae maiores, Greg. Magnus,Ep.V, 11, Litany on Feast of St. John Baptist,MPL77, 732-3;Litania septiformis, Greg. Turonen.,Hist. franc.10, 1,MPL71. 519-20; Joh. Diac.,Vita Greg. Magn., 1. 41, 42, MPL 75. 80.
[11.]L. Duchesne,Christian Worship, (London, 1904) 240, 515.
[12.]P. Batiffol, (note 7) 197-201; L. Eisenhofer,Handbuch der Katholischen Liturgik, 2 vols. (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1923) I, 582-6.
[13.]At this point the definition ofprocessioin Canon Law is of interest:Nomine sacrarum processionum significantur solemnes supplicationes quae a populi fideli, duce clero, fiunt eundo ordinatim de loco sacro ad locum sacrum, ad excitandam fidelium pietatem, ad commemoranda Dei beneficia eique gratias agendas, ad divinum auxilium implorandum. Can. 1290. ç I.
[14.]B. M. Peebles, “Fortunatus, Poet of the Holy Cross,”Amer. Church Monthly38 (1935, July-Sept.) 152-166. His account is based upon Greg. Turonen.,Hist. franc., IX, 40; Baudonovia,Vita S. Rad., II. 16.
[15.]R. E. Messenger,Salve festa dies, TAPhA, 78 (1947) 208-222. Translation, S. A. Hurlbut; forSalve festa dies, traditional.
[16.]Dom M. Férotin,Liber ordinum, inMonumenta ecclesiae liturgica, 5 (Paris, 1904) 178-87; Isidore of Seville,De ecclesiasticis officiis, 1. 38.
[17.]Férotin,supra, 179.
[18.]A. S. Walpole,Early Latin Hymns, (ch. 1, note 3) 337-340. Translation, 1st line, Walpole.
[19.]Duchesne,supra, 162-4.
[20.]Walpole,supra, 342-4.
[21.]Translations in this chapter, unless otherwise noted, are furnished by the author.
[22.]L. Gautier,Histoire de la Poésie liturgique etc.(ch. 4, note 9) ch. VI,Versus.
[23.]Von den Steinen,Notker der Dichter etc.(ch. 4, note 25) I, 40-42.
[24.]Eisenhofer (seenote 12) I, 522-3.
[25.]Dom A. Wilmart,Auteurs spirituels etc.(Paris, 1932) 26-36.
[26.]R. E. Messenger,Sancta Maria quid est?, Cath. Choirmaster, June, 1950.
[27.]Eisenhofer,supra, I, 100-102.
[28.]Du Cange, seeversarius.
[29.]Gulielmus Durandus,Rationale divinorum officiorum(Lugdini, 1612) Bk. IV,De accessu sacerdotis ac pontificis ad altare et de Processione.
[30.]Ibid.fol. 102.
[31.]D. Attwater,Dictionary of Saints(London, 1938) 180.
[32.]G. Reese,Music in the Middle Ages(ch. 1, note 11) 201.
[33.]L. Ellinwood, “The Conductus,”Musical Quarterly, 27 (1941) 2. 165-203.
[1.]W. B. Sedgwick, “The Origin of Rhyme,” (ch. 4, note 28) 333.[2.]For translations see Helen J. Waddell,Medieval Latin Lyrics(London, 1929);The Wandering Scholars(New York, 1949), new edition.[3.]P. S. Allen,Romanesque Lyric(ch. 4, note 28), Ch. XII, especially p. 223.[4.]F. J. E. Raby,History of Secular Latin poetry in the Middle Ages, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1934) II, 332.[5.]E. M. Sanford, “Were the Hymns of Prudentius actually sung?”Classical Philology31 (1936) 71.[6.]For the texts of liturgical plays, see K. Young,The Drama of the Medieval Church, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1933).[7.]B. M. Peebles, “O Roma nobilis,”Amer. Benedictine Review, I (1950) no. 1.[8.]R. Stroppel,Liturgie und geistliche Dichtung(Frankfurt am Main, 1927) 53-5: S. Singer, “Karolingische Renaissance,”Germanisch-Romanisch Monatschrift, 13 (1925) 200-1.[9.]K. E. Wackernagel,Das deutsche Kirchenlied etc., 5 vols. (Leipzig, 1864-77) vol. I.[10.]K. Meyer, Selections fromAncient Irish Poetry(London, 1911)Introd.13.[11.]J. Pokorny,Die älteste Lyrik der grünen Insel(Halle S., 1923) 13, 14.[12.]W. Meyer, “Liturgie, Kunst und Dichtung in Mittelalter,”Gesammelte Abhandlungen(Berlin, 1905) 371.[13.]P. von Winterfeld, “Stilfragen der lateinischen Dichtung des Mittelalters,”Deutsche Dichter des lateinischen Mittelalters(München, 1922) 440.[14.]Washington, D. C., Catholic Un. Press, 1942, especially p. 221, 231, 248, 266.[15.]H. Koht, “Medieval Liberty Poems,”Amer. Hist. Review, 48 (1943) no. 2, 281-290.[16.]H. Spanke, “Über das Fortleben der Sequenzenform in den Romanischen Sprachens,”Zeitschrift f. Rom. Philol.51 (1931) 309-334.[17.]E. A. Peers.Ramon Lull(London, 1929) 140.[18.]See translation by H. C. Robbins, 1939, “Most High, Omnipotent, Good Lord.”[19.]For a brief account, see J. Pulver, “Laudi spirituali,”Musical Opinion, March, 1938, 503-4; April, 1938, 602-3; May, 1938, 691-2.[20.]SeeBibliographyfor these titles.[21.]Dom Jean Stéphan,The Adeste fideles, “Publications,” Buckfast Abbey, South Devon, England, 1947. Translation, Frederick Oakeley.[22.]M. Britt,Hymns of the Breviary and Missal(New York, 1922, 1948), a standard and indispensable work.
[1.]W. B. Sedgwick, “The Origin of Rhyme,” (ch. 4, note 28) 333.
[2.]For translations see Helen J. Waddell,Medieval Latin Lyrics(London, 1929);The Wandering Scholars(New York, 1949), new edition.
[3.]P. S. Allen,Romanesque Lyric(ch. 4, note 28), Ch. XII, especially p. 223.
[4.]F. J. E. Raby,History of Secular Latin poetry in the Middle Ages, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1934) II, 332.
[5.]E. M. Sanford, “Were the Hymns of Prudentius actually sung?”Classical Philology31 (1936) 71.
[6.]For the texts of liturgical plays, see K. Young,The Drama of the Medieval Church, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1933).
[7.]B. M. Peebles, “O Roma nobilis,”Amer. Benedictine Review, I (1950) no. 1.
[8.]R. Stroppel,Liturgie und geistliche Dichtung(Frankfurt am Main, 1927) 53-5: S. Singer, “Karolingische Renaissance,”Germanisch-Romanisch Monatschrift, 13 (1925) 200-1.
[9.]K. E. Wackernagel,Das deutsche Kirchenlied etc., 5 vols. (Leipzig, 1864-77) vol. I.
[10.]K. Meyer, Selections fromAncient Irish Poetry(London, 1911)Introd.13.
[11.]J. Pokorny,Die älteste Lyrik der grünen Insel(Halle S., 1923) 13, 14.
[12.]W. Meyer, “Liturgie, Kunst und Dichtung in Mittelalter,”Gesammelte Abhandlungen(Berlin, 1905) 371.
[13.]P. von Winterfeld, “Stilfragen der lateinischen Dichtung des Mittelalters,”Deutsche Dichter des lateinischen Mittelalters(München, 1922) 440.
[14.]Washington, D. C., Catholic Un. Press, 1942, especially p. 221, 231, 248, 266.
[15.]H. Koht, “Medieval Liberty Poems,”Amer. Hist. Review, 48 (1943) no. 2, 281-290.
[16.]H. Spanke, “Über das Fortleben der Sequenzenform in den Romanischen Sprachens,”Zeitschrift f. Rom. Philol.51 (1931) 309-334.
[17.]E. A. Peers.Ramon Lull(London, 1929) 140.
[18.]See translation by H. C. Robbins, 1939, “Most High, Omnipotent, Good Lord.”
[19.]For a brief account, see J. Pulver, “Laudi spirituali,”Musical Opinion, March, 1938, 503-4; April, 1938, 602-3; May, 1938, 691-2.
[20.]SeeBibliographyfor these titles.
[21.]Dom Jean Stéphan,The Adeste fideles, “Publications,” Buckfast Abbey, South Devon, England, 1947. Translation, Frederick Oakeley.
[22.]M. Britt,Hymns of the Breviary and Missal(New York, 1922, 1948), a standard and indispensable work.
Leclercq, L., Article “Hymnes”,Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie. Contains extensive bibliography upon the subject of medieval hymnology.
Farrar, C. P. and Evans, A. P.,Bibliography of English Translations from medieval sources. New York, 1946. Hymns, 2025-2045.
Raby, F. J. E.,History of Christian-Latin poetry from the beginning to the close of the Middle Ages. Oxford, 1927. Bibliography classified by authors and periods.
Reese, G.,Music in the Middle Ages. New York, 1941. Contains extensive bibliography including many periodical articles.
Analecta hymnica medii aevi, edited by C. Blume and G. M. Dreves, 55 vols. Leipzig, 1886-1922. Introductions most informative.
Analecta liturgica, part 2, vols. I,Thesaurus hymnologicus; II,Prosae, edited by E. Misset and W. H. J. Weale. Insulis et Brugis, 1888-1902.
Blume, C. and Dreves, G. M.,Hymnologische Beiträge(Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der lateinischen Hymnendichtungen, 2 vols.). Leipzig, 1897-1901.
Chevalier, C. U. J.,Repertorium hymnologicum, catalogue des chants, hymnes, proses, sequences, tropes, 6 vols. Louvain, Bruxelles, 1892-1920. Published as supplements to theAnalecta Bollandiana.
Daniel, H. A.,Thesaurus hymnologicus, 5 vols. Lipsiae, 1855-1856, 2nd edition.
Gaselee, S.,The Oxford Book of medieval Latin verse. Oxford, 1928.
Germing, M.,Latin hymns. Chicago, 1920. Text book.
del Grande, C.,Liturgiae preces hymni Christianorum e papyris collecti. Neapel, 1934.
Grenfell, B. and Hunt, A.,Oxyrhynchus papyri, Part XV. London, 1922.
Harris, R. and Mingana, A.,The odes and psalms of Solomon, I. Text, II. Translation. Manchester, 1916-1920.
Hurlbut, S. A.,Hortus conclusus, Medieval Latin hymns with English renderings, 10 parts. Washington, D. C., 1930-1936.
Kehrein, J.,Lateinische Sequenzen des Mittelalters. Mainz, 1873. The most extensive collection of sequences made up to that date.
Mc Dougall, A. G.,Pange lingua: breviary hymns of old uses with an English rendering. London, 1916.
Mearns, J.,Canticles of the Christian Church eastern and western in early and medieval times. Cambridge, 1914.
Merrill, W. A.,Latin hymns. New York, 1917. Text book.
Mone, F. J.,Lateinische Hymnen des Mittelalters, 3 vols. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1853-1855.
Morel, G.,Lateinische Hymnen des Mittelalters, grösstentheils aus Handschriften schweizerischen Kloster, als Nachtrag zu den Hymnensammlungen von Mone, Daniel & Andern. Einsiedeln, 1866.
Neale, J. M.,Hymni ecclesiae e breviariis quibusdam et missalibus Gallicanis, Germanis, Hispanis, Lusitanis desumpti. Oxford, 1851.
——,Sequentiae ex missalibus Germanis, Anglicis, Gallicis, aliisque medii aevi, collectae. London, 1852.
Newman, J. H.,Hymni ecclesiae, London, 1838, 1865.
Phillimore, J. S.,The hundred best Latin hymns. London, 1926. Attractive anthology.
Poetae latini aevi Carolini in Monumenta Germaniae Historica.... Poetarum latinorum medii aevi, vol. iv, edited by P. von Winterfeld. Berlin, 1923.
Roth, F. W. E.,Lateinische Hymnen des Mittelalters. Augsburg, 1887. Intended as a supplement to larger collections.
Wackernagel, K. E.,Das deutschen Kirchenlied, 5 vols. Leipzig, 1864-1877. Vol. I contains Latin hymns.
Walpole, A. S.,Early Latin hymns. Cambridge, 1922.
Weale, W. H. J.,Analecta liturgica, Part II, vols. I, II,Thesaurus hymnologicus—Prosae. Insulis et Brugis, 1888-1902.
Allen, P. S.,Mediaeval Latin lyrics. Chicago, 1931.
Baldwin, C. S.,Medieval rhetoric and poetic. New York, 1928.
Bardenhewer, O.,Geschichte der altkirchlichen Literatur, 5 vols. Freiburg in Breisgau, 1912-1932.
Beck, C.,Mittellateinische Dichtung. Berlin, 1927.
Benson, L. F.,Hymnody of the Christian church. New York, 1927.
Biraghi, L.,Inni sinceri e carmi di Sant’Ambrogio. Milano, 1862.
Blume, C., Articles “Hymn”, “Hymnody and Hymnology.”Cath. Enc.
Coulter, C. C., “Latin hymns of the Middle Ages”,Studies in Philology, 21 (1924) 571-585.
DeGhellinck, J., S. J.,Littérature Latine au Moyen Age, 2 vols. Paris, 1939.
——,Littérature Latine au XIIe Siècle, 2 vols. Brussels, 1946.
De Labriolle, P.,Histoire de la Littérature latine chrétienne. Paris, 1924. Translation by H. Wilson,History and Literature of Christianity from Tertullian to Boethius. New York, 1925.
Donahue, D. J., “The sacred songs of the Middle Ages”,Cath. Hist. Rev., N. S. vol. 3 (1923) 217-235.
Dreves, G. M.,Ein Jahrtausend lateinischer Hymnendichtung, Eine Blütenlese aus den Anal. hymn. mit literarhistorischen Erläuterungen, 2 vols. Leipzig, 1909.
Duckett, E. S.,Gateway to the Middle Ages. New York, 1938.
——,Latin writers of the 5th century. New York, 1930.
Dudden, F. H.,Gregory the Great. His place in history and thought, 2 vols. New York, 1905.
——,The life and times of St. Ambrose, 2 vols. Oxford, 1935.
Duffield, S. W.,The Latin hymn-writers and their hymns. New York, 1889.
Ebert, A.,Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters im Abendlande, 3 vols. Leipzig, 1880-1889. 2nd edition of vol. I.
Gastoué, A., “Proses et séquences”,Tribune d. S. Gervais(1922), 69-72; “Les origines liturgiques latines de la séquence”, 153-158; “Les types byzantins de la séquence”, (1923) 1-6.
Gautier, L.,Oeuvres poétiques d’Adam de Saint-Victor. Paris, 1881.
Gillman, F. J.,Evolution of the English hymn. New York, 1927.
Heider, A. B.,The Blessed Virgin in early Christian Latin poetry. Washington, D. C., 1918.
Hélin, M.,History of medieval Latin literature. New York, 1949. Translated by J. C. Snow fromLittérature d’occident: Histoire des lettres Latines du Moyen Age.