Underthe laws establishing an ocean mail service certain vessels so engaged are required to carry cadets.
Excerpts from this law follow:
"OCEAN MAIL SERVICE
"Said vessels shall take, as cadets or apprentices, one American-born boy, under twenty-one years of age for each one thousand tons gross register, and one for each majority fraction thereof, who shall be educated in the duties of seamanship, rank as petty officers, and receive such pay for their services as may be reasonable."
The system of carrying cadets is sound in principle, but in many instances the law has been carried out according to a peculiar interpretation of the phrase "Shall be educated in the duties of seamanship."
Education is a term of wide meaning, but "seamanship" or the "Duties of Seamanship" is at least fairly definite. The whole cadet system should be put upon a definite basis of regular instruction, or else be done away with.
Many of us can remember a scouting party hurrying across West Street to pick up a "cadet" or two, so the good ship could go to sea in full compliance with the law.
All the officers of vessels of the United States who shall have charge of a watch, including pilots, shall in all cases be citizens of the United States. [Metlakahtla Indians excepted by act, March 4, 1907.] (R. S., 4131.)
The word "officers" shall include the chief engineer and each assistant engineer in charge of a watch on vessels propelled wholly or in part by steam; and after the first day of January, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, no person shall be qualified to hold a license as a commander or watch officer of a merchant vessel of the United States who is not a native-born citizen, or whose naturalization as a citizen shall not have been fully completed. (May 28, 1896; sec. 1.)
In cases where on a foreign voyage, or on a voyage from an Atlantic to a Pacific port of the United States, any such vessel is for any reason deprived of the services of an officer below the grade of master, his place, or a vacancy caused by the promotion of another officer to such place, may be supplied by a person not a citizen of the United States until the first return of such vessel to its home port; and such vessel shall not be liable to any penalty or penal tax for such employment of an alien officer. (June 26, 1884; sec. 1; May 28, 1896; sec. 3.)
The President of the United States is hereby authorized, whenever in his discretion the needs of foreign commerce may require, to suspend by order, so far and for such length of time as he may deem desirable, the provisions of law prescribing that all the watch officersof vessels of the United States registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the United States. (Aug. 18, 1914; sec. 2.)
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The provisions of law prescribing that the watch officers of vessels of the United States registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the United States are hereby suspended so far and for such length of time as is herein provided, namely: All foreign-built ships which shall be admitted to United States registry under said act may retain the watch officers employed thereon, without regard to citizenship, for seven years from this date, and such watch officers shall be eligible for promotion. Any vacancy occurring among such watch officers within two years from this date may be filled without regard to citizenship; but any vacancy which may occur thereafter shall be filled by a watch officer who is a citizen of the United States. * * * (Executive order, Sept. 4, 1914.)
Executive order of Sept. 1, 1916:1. The provisions of the law prescribing that the watch officers of vessels of the United States registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the United States, are hereby suspended so far and for such length of time as is herein provided, namely: All watch officers now employed on foreign-built ships which have been admitted to United States registry under said Act who, heretofore, have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States and watch officers on such ships who, within six months from this date, shall declare their intention to become such citizens shall be entitled to serve on foreign-built ships so registered until the time shall have expired within which they may become such citizens under their declarations, and shall be eligible for promotion upon any foreign-built ship so registered.
Executive order of Sept. 1, 1916:
1. The provisions of the law prescribing that the watch officers of vessels of the United States registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the United States, are hereby suspended so far and for such length of time as is herein provided, namely: All watch officers now employed on foreign-built ships which have been admitted to United States registry under said Act who, heretofore, have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States and watch officers on such ships who, within six months from this date, shall declare their intention to become such citizens shall be entitled to serve on foreign-built ships so registered until the time shall have expired within which they may become such citizens under their declarations, and shall be eligible for promotion upon any foreign-built ship so registered.
All licenses issued to such officers shall be for a term of five years, but the holder of a license may have the same renewed for another five years in the manner prescribed in the rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors:Provided, however, That any officer holding a license, and who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence from the United States, may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors, with his certificate of citizenship, if naturalized, and a statement of the applicant, verified before a consul or other officerof the United States authorized to administer an oath, setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person; and upon receiving the same the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same and shall notify the applicant of such renewal:Provided further, That no license as master, mate, or pilot of any class of vessel shall be renewed without furnishing a satisfactory certificate of examination as to color blindness. And in all cases where the issue is the suspension or revocation of such licenses, whether before the local boards of inspectors (of steam vessels), as provided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty of the Revised Statutes, or before the supervising inspectors, as provided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty-two of the Revised Statutes, the accused shall be allowed to appear by counsel and to testify in his own behalf. (May 28, 1896; sec. 2; Oct. 22, 1914.)
No master, mate, pilot, or engineer of steam vessels licensed under title fifty-two [R. S., 4399-4500] of the Revised Statutes shall be liable to draft in time of war, except for the performance of duties such as required by his license; and, while performing such duties in the service of the United States, every such master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be entitled to the highest rate of wages paid in the merchant marine of the United States for similar services; and, if killed or wounded while performing such duties under the United States, they, or their heirs, or their legal representatives shall be entitled to all the privileges accorded to soldiers and sailors serving in the Army and Navy, under the pension laws of the United States. (May 28, 1896; sec. 2.)
The boards of local inspectors shall license and classify the masters, chief mates, and second and third mates, if in charge of a watch, engineers, and pilots of all steam vessels, and the masters of sail vessels of over seven hundred gross tons, and all other vessels of over one hundred gross tons carrying passengers for hire. It shall be unlawful to employ any person, or for any person to serve, as a master, chief mate, engineer, or pilot of any steamer or as master of any sail vessel of over seven hundred gross tons, or of any other vessel of over one hundred gross tons carrying passengers for hire, who is not licensed by the inspectors; and anyone violatingthis section shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars for each offense. [See act June 9, 1910, p. 351.] (R. S., 4438; Dec. 21, 1898; Jan. 25, 1907; May 28, 1908; sec. 2.)
Every master, mate, engineer, and pilot who shall receive a license shall, when employed upon any vessel, within forty-eight hours after going on duty, place his certificate of license, which shall be framed under glass, in some conspicuous place in such vessel, where it can be seen by passengers and others at all times:Provided, That in case of emergency such officer may be transferred to another vessel of the same owners for a period not exceeding forty-eight hours without the transfer of his license to such other vessel; and for every neglect to comply with this provision by any such master, mate, engineer, or pilot, he shall be subject to a fine of one hundred dollars, or to the revocation of his license. [See act June 9, 1910, p. 351.] (R. S., 4446; Feb. 19, 1907.)
Whenever any person applies to be licensed as master of any steam vessel, or of a sail vessel of over seven hundred tons, the inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to his character, and shall carefully examine the applicant as well as the proofs which he presents in support of his claim, and if they are satisfied that his capacity, experience, habits of life, and character are such as warrant the belief that he can safely be intrusted with the duties and responsibilities of the station for which he makes application, they shall grant him a license authorizing him to discharge such duties on any such vessel for the term of five years; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of bad conduct, intemperate habits, incapacity, inattention to his duties, or the willful violation of any provision of this title [R. S., 4399-4500] applicable to him. [See act June 9, 1910, p. 351.] (R. S., 4439; Dec. 21, 1898; sec. 2.)
Whenever any person applies for authority to be employed as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels or of sail vessels of over seven hundred tons, or as second or third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, who shall have charge of a watch, or whenever any person applies for authority to be employed as mate of riversteamers, the inspectors shall require satisfactory evidence of the knowledge, experience, and skill of the applicant in lading cargo and in handling and stowage of freight, and if for license as chief mate on ocean or coastwise steamers, or of sail vessels of over seven hundred tons, or as second or third mate of ocean or coastwise steamers, who shall have charge of a watch, shall also examine him as to his knowledge and ability in navigation and managing such vessels and all other duties pertaining to his station, and if satisfied of his qualifications and good character they shall grant him a license authorizing him to perform such duties for the term of five years upon the waters upon which he is found qualified to act; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of bad conduct, intemperate habits, unskillfulness, or want of knowledge of the duties of his station or the willful violation of any provision of this title [R. S., 4399-4500]. [See act June 9,1910, p. 351.] (R. S., 444c; Dec. 21, 1898; sec. 3.)
Whenever any person applies for authority to perform the duties of engineer of any steam-vessel, the inspectors shall examine the applicant as to his knowledge of steam-machinery, and his experience as an engineer, and also the proofs which he produces in support of his claim; and if, upon full consideration, they are satisfied that his character, habits of life, knowledge, and experience in the duties of an engineer are all such as to authorize the belief that he is a suitable and safe person to be intrusted with the powers and duties of such a station, they shall grant him a license, authorizing him to be employed in such duties for the term of five years, in which they shall assign him to the appropriate class of engineers; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of negligence, unskillfulness, intemperance, or the willful violation of any provision of this Title [R. S., 4399-4500]. Whenever complaint is made against any engineer holding a license authorizing him to take charge of the boilers and machinery of any steamer, that he has, through negligence or want of skill, permitted the boilers in his charge to burn or otherwise become in bad condition, or that he has not kept his engine and machinery in good working order, it shall be the duty of the inspectors, upon satisfactory proof of such negligence or want of skill, to revoke the license of such engineer and assign him to a lower grade or class of engineers, if they find himfitted therefor. [See act June 9, 1910, p. 351.] (R. S., 4441; May 28, 1896.)
Whenever any person claiming to be a skillful pilot of steam-vessels offers himself for a license, the inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to his character and merits, and if satisfied, from personal examination of the applicant, with the proof that he offers that he possesses the requisite knowledge and skill, and is trustworthy and faithful, they shall grant him a license for the term of five years to pilot any such vessel within the limits prescribed in the license; but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory evidence of negligence, unskillfulness, inattention to the duties of his station, or intemperance, or the willful violation of any provision of this title [R. S., 4399-4500]. [See act June 9, 1910, p. 351.] (R. S., 4442; May 28, 1896.)
Where the master or mate is also pilot of the vessel, he shall not be required to hold two licenses to perform such duties, but the license issued shall state on its face that he is authorized to act in such double capacity. [See act June 9, p. 351.] (R. S., 4443.)
Every master, chief mate, engineer, and pilot, who receives a license, shall, before entering upon his duties, make oath before one of the inspectors herein provided for, to be recorded with the certificate, that he will faithfully and honestly, according to his best skill and judgment, without concealment or reservation, perform all the duties required of him by law. (R. S., 4445.)
Every applicant for license as either master, mate, pilot, or engineer under the provisions of this title [R. S., 4399-4500] shall make and subscribe to an oath of affirmation, before one of the inspectors referred to in this title, to the truth of all the statements set forth in his application for such license.
Any person who shall make or subscribe to any oath or affirmation authorized in this title and knowing the same to be false shall be deemed guilty of perjury.
Every licensed master, mate, pilot, or engineer who shall change,by addition, interpolation, or erasure of any kind, any certificate or license issued by any inspector or inspectors referred to in this title shall, for every such offense, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars or by imprisonment at hard labor for a term not exceeding three years. (Mar. 23, 1900.)
Any person or body corporate having more than one-half ownership of any vessel shall have the power to remove a master, who is also part owner of such vessel, as such majority owners have to remove a master not an owner. This section shall not apply where there is a valid written agreement subsisting, by virtue of which such master would be entitled to possession, nor in any case where a master has possession as part owner, obtained before the ninth day of April, eighteen hundred and seventy-two. (R. S., 4250.)
Before an original license is issued to any person to act as a master, mate, pilot, or engineer he shall personally appear before some local board or a supervising inspector for examination. Any person who has attained the age of 19 years and has had the necessary experience shall be eligible for examination:Provided, That no person shall receive a license as master or chief engineer before reaching the age of 21 years.
Inspectors shall, before granting an original license to any person to act as an officer of a vessel, require the applicant to make written application upon the blank form furnished by the Department of Commerce, to be filed in the inspectors' office. When practicable, applicants for master's, mate's, pilot's, or engineer's license shall present to the inspectors, to be filed with their application, discharges or letters from the master or other officer under whom they have served, certifying to the name of the vessel and in what capacity the applicant has served under him; also period of such service. Inspectors shall also, when practicable, require applicant for pilot's license to have the written indorsement of the master and engineer of the vessel upon which he has served, and of one licensed pilot, as to his qualifications. In the case of applicants for original engineer's license, they shall also, when practicable, have the indorsement of the master and engineer of a vessel on which they have served, together with one other licensed engineer.
The first license issued to any person by a United States inspector shall be considered an original license, where the United States records show no previous issue to such applicant.
No original license shall be issued to any naturalized citizen on less experience in any grade than would have been required of a citizen of the United States by birth. (R. S., 4405.)
The requirements for a license have been greatly modified, and the following circular letter sets forth the minimum technical knowledge necessary to pass the examiners:
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCESteamboat Inspection Servicewashington
June 13, 1917.
June 13, 1917.
U. S. Supervising and Local Inspectors, Steamboat-Inspection Service.
Under the provisions of Section 4405, Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended by the act of Congress approved February 8, 1907, the executive committee of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, Steamboat-Inspection Service, at a called meeting held in Washington, D. C., from June 4 to 12, inclusive, 1917, adopted the following resolutions:
These amendments of the rules, having received the approval of the Secretary of Commerce on June 12, 1917, have now the force of law, and must be observed accordingly.
Resolved, That section 8, Rule V, General Rules and Regulations, all classes, be struck out and the following substituted therefor:
8. Whenever an officer shall apply for a renewal of his license for the same grade, the presentation of the old license with oath of officer shall be considered sufficient evidence of his title to renewal, which old license and oath of office shall be retained by the inspectors upon their official files as the evidence upon which the license was renewed.
Whenever a licensed officer makes application for a renewal of his license, he shall appear in person before some board of local inspectors or supervising inspector, except that upon renewal of such license for the same grade, when the distance from any local board or supervising inspector is such as to put the person holding the same to great inconvenience and expense to appear in person, he may, upon taking oath of office before any person authorized to administer oaths, and forwarding the same, together with the license to berenewed, to the local board or supervising inspector of the district in which he resides or is employed, have the same renewed by the said inspectors, if no valid reason to the contrary be known to them; and they shall attach such oath to the stub end of the license, which is to be retained on file in their office:Provided, however, That any officer holding a license, and who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence from the United States, may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors, with its certificate of citizenship, if naturalized, and a statement of the applicant, verified before a consul or other officer of the United States authorized to administer an oath, setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person; and upon receiving the same the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same and shall notify the applicant of such renewal, and no license as master, mate, or pilot of any class of vessel shall be renewed without a certificate that the color sense of the applicant is normal. (R. S., 4405, 4438.)
Resolved: That sections 20 to 30, both inclusive, Rule V, General Rules and Regulations, Ocean and Coastwise, be struck out and the following substituted therefor:
20. Except as hereinafter provided, an applicant who has served in a lower grade than that for which he is licensed may substitute service in the grade next below that for which he is licensed, which service shall count one-half in computing experience for raise of grade. For example, if an applicant holds chief mate's license and has served nine months as chief mate and six months as second mate, the six months' service as second mate shall count as three months as chief mate in computing experience.
21. An applicant for license as master of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.One year's service as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, orSecond.Two years' service as second mate of ocean steam vessels, one year of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, orThird.Two years' service as watch officer actually in charge of a bridge watch on ocean steam vessels, while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, orFourth.Five years' service as third mate of ocean steam vessels, two years of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, orFifth.Five years' service on ocean sail vessels of 300 gross tons or over, two years of such service while holding a license as master of sail vessels, orSixth.One year's service as master or chief mate of coastwise steam vessels.
First.One year's service as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, or
Second.Two years' service as second mate of ocean steam vessels, one year of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, or
Third.Two years' service as watch officer actually in charge of a bridge watch on ocean steam vessels, while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, or
Fourth.Five years' service as third mate of ocean steam vessels, two years of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels, or
Fifth.Five years' service on ocean sail vessels of 300 gross tons or over, two years of such service while holding a license as master of sail vessels, or
Sixth.One year's service as master or chief mate of coastwise steam vessels.
22. An applicant for license as master of ocean steam vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.Latitude by ex-meridian altitude of the sun.Latitude by meridian altitude of a star.Latitude by pole star.Longitude by chronometer (A.M.andP.M.).Position by Sumner's method.Day's work.Mercator's sailing.Deviation of the compass by an amplitude.Deviation of the compass by an azimuth.Time of high water at a given port.Chart navigation.Storm signals.International code of signals.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck, as practiced by the United States Coast Guard.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
23. An applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.One year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSecond.Two years' service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, one year of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orThird.Five years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, two years of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orFourth.One year's service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels and in addition thereto one year's service as second mate, third mate, quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, orFifth.Five years' service on ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 300 gross tons or over, two years of which service shall have been as master, orSixth.One year's service as a licensed master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 700 gross tons or over, orSeventh.Two years' service as master of lake, bay, or sound towing steam vessels for license as master of coastwise towing steam vessels of 300 gross tons or under.
First.One year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Second.Two years' service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, one year of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Third.Five years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, two years of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Fourth.One year's service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels and in addition thereto one year's service as second mate, third mate, quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, or
Fifth.Five years' service on ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 300 gross tons or over, two years of which service shall have been as master, or
Sixth.One year's service as a licensed master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 700 gross tons or over, or
Seventh.Two years' service as master of lake, bay, or sound towing steam vessels for license as master of coastwise towing steam vessels of 300 gross tons or under.
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
24. An applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels on routes exceeding 300 miles shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.Latitude by pole star.Day's work.Determination of distance from a fixed object.Chart navigation.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Storm signals.Use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck, as practiced by the United States Coast Guard.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
An applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels on route not exceeding 300 miles shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Chart navigation.Aids to navigation on route.Determination of distance from a fixed object.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Storm signals.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require
25. An applicant for license as master of sail vessels of over 700 gross tons shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.Five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, one year of such service shall have been as master of sail vessels of 500 gross tons or over, orSecond.Two years' service as master of sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, orThird.Two years' service as mate of sail vessels of 500 gross tons or over, orFourth.Two years' service as master of auxiliary sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over.
First.Five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, one year of such service shall have been as master of sail vessels of 500 gross tons or over, or
Second.Two years' service as master of sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, or
Third.Two years' service as mate of sail vessels of 500 gross tons or over, or
Fourth.Two years' service as master of auxiliary sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over.
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as master of sail vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
26. An applicant for license as master of sail vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.Latitude by pole star.Longitude by chronometer (A.M.andP.M.).Day's work.Mercator's sailing.Deviation of the compass by an amplitude.Deviation of the compass by an azimuth.Chart navigation.International code of signals.Storm signals.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck, as practiced by the U. S. Coast Guard.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
27. An applicant for license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.One year's service as a licensed second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSecond.Two years' service as watch officer on ocean or coastwise steam vessels, while holding license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orThird.Two years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, one year of such service while holding a license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orFourth.Two years' service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, orFifth.Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, two years of which service as chief mate of such ocean or coastwise sail vessels, orSixth.Two years' service in the deck department of steam vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, one year of such service to have been as master of such vessels, orSeventh.Five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, two years of such service to have been as master of such vessels.
First.One year's service as a licensed second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Second.Two years' service as watch officer on ocean or coastwise steam vessels, while holding license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Third.Two years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, one year of such service while holding a license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Fourth.Two years' service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, or
Fifth.Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, two years of which service as chief mate of such ocean or coastwise sail vessels, or
Sixth.Two years' service in the deck department of steam vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, one year of such service to have been as master of such vessels, or
Seventh.Five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, two years of such service to have been as master of such vessels.
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
28. An applicant for license as second mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he shall have furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSecond.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, one year of such service shall have been as watch officer or quartermaster on such vessels, orThird.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orFourth.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, one year of such service shall have been as second mate of such vessels, orFifth.One year's service as quartermaster of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSixth.Three years' service as a seaman in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSeventh.Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over. Service on sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this paragraph, orEighth.One year's service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 500 gross tons or over, together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orNinth.One year's service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 500 gross tons or over
First.One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Second.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, one year of such service shall have been as watch officer or quartermaster on such vessels, or
Third.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Fourth.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, one year of such service shall have been as second mate of such vessels, or
Fifth.One year's service as quartermaster of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Sixth.Three years' service as a seaman in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Seventh.Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over. Service on sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this paragraph, or
Eighth.One year's service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 500 gross tons or over, together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Ninth.One year's service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 500 gross tons or over
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as second mate of ocean steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
29. An applicant for license as chief mate or second mate of ocean steam vessels shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.Latitude by meridian altitude of a star.Longitude by chronometer (A.M.andP.M.).Deviation of the compass by an amplitude.Deviation of the compass by an azimuth.Day's work.Mercator's sailing.Determination of distance from a fixed object.Chart navigation.Storm signals.International code of signals.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Stowage of cargo.Use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck, as practiced by the United States Coast Guard.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
30. An applicant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSecond.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels, orThird.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship, orFourth.One year's service as master or pilot of lake, bay, or sound steamers.
First.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Second.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels, or
Third.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship, or
Fourth.One year's service as master or pilot of lake, bay, or sound steamers.
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
31. An applicant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.Day's work.Mercator's sailing.Determination of distance from a fixed object.Chart navigation.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Stowage of cargo.Storm signals.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
32. An applicant for chief mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.One year's service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSecond.One year's service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, sound steam vessels, together with one year's service as quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, orThird.Two years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orFourth.Two years' service in the deck department of steam vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, one year of such service to have been as master of such vessels, orFifth.Five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, two years' of such service to have been as master of such vessels, orSixth.Two years' service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, orSeventh.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of 500 gross tons or under, orEighth.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of 500 gross tons or under, orNinth.One year's service as master or two years' service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound towing steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise towing steam vessels of 300 gross tons or under.
First.One year's service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Second.One year's service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, sound steam vessels, together with one year's service as quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, or
Third.Two years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Fourth.Two years' service in the deck department of steam vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, one year of such service to have been as master of such vessels, or
Fifth.Five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, two years' of such service to have been as master of such vessels, or
Sixth.Two years' service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, or
Seventh.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of 500 gross tons or under, or
Eighth.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of 500 gross tons or under, or
Ninth.One year's service as master or two years' service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound towing steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise towing steam vessels of 300 gross tons or under.
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
33. An applicant for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSecond.One year's service as quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orThird.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orFourth.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orFifth.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship together with three months' service in the deck department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel, orSixth.One year's service as a licensed master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, orSeventh.Two years' service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, orEighth.One year's service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orNinth.One year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels engaged in the fisheries, orTenth.One year's service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels engaged in the fisheries.
First.One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Second.One year's service as quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Third.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Fourth.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Fifth.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship together with three months' service in the deck department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel, or
Sixth.One year's service as a licensed master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, or
Seventh.Two years' service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, or
Eighth.One year's service as first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Ninth.One year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels engaged in the fisheries, or
Tenth.One year's service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels engaged in the fisheries.
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
34. An applicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience:
First.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, orSecond.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels, orThird.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship, orFourth.One year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels.
First.Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, or
Second.Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels, or
Third.A graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship, or
Fourth.One year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels.
In cases where the experience of an applicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section, other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified.
35. An applicant for license as chief mate or second mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes exceeding 600 miles shall be requiredto pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.Day's work.Determination of distance from a fixed object.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Chart navigation.Stowage of cargo.Storm signals.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
An applicant for license as chief mate or second mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes of 600 miles or less shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Chart navigation.Aids to navigation on route.Determination of distance from a fixed object.Marking of lead line.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Storm signals.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
36. An applicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects:
Chart navigation.Determination of distance from a fixed object.International rules for preventing collisions at sea.Marking lead line.Storm signals.Such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require.
Resolved, That whenever it may appear to the satisfaction of the Supervising Inspector General, that the demand for licensed officersfor ocean and coastwise vessels of the American merchant marine is such that it cannot be met under existing requirements and regulations he may authorize local inspectors to indorse the license of officers of lake, bay, and sound steam vessels for ocean or coastwise service for a period not to exceed six months or until such officer shall have passed a satisfactory examination for ocean or coastwise service within this period.
Officers whose licenses have been so indorsed shall present themselves for examination at the earliest possible opportunity after said indorsement.
Amendments of General Rules and Regulations for Bays, Sounds, and Lakes Other than the Great Lakes.
Resolved, That for the present and until further notice, sections 20, 21, 23, 26, 31 and 32 of Rule V, General Rules and Regulations applying to Lakes (other than the Great Lakes), Bays, and Sounds, be struck out, and local inspectors notified that hereafter in issuing licenses to officers of vessels within this classification they may exercise the judgment and discretion vested in them by the law, without regard to the experience required by the rules and regulations the sufficiency of such experience to be determined by the local inspectors when the candidate applies for examination.