INDEX AND GLOSSARY

INDEX AND GLOSSARYAAac, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244–245,246Acalan.District in Guatemala;race-movements and,150Acllacuna(Selected Ones). Body of maidens from whom victims for sacrifice were taken in Peru,313Aclla-huasi.Houses in which the Acllacuna lived,313Acolhuacan.District in Mexico,26Acolhuans(orAcolhuaque) (People of the Broad Shoulder). Mexican race,26;said to have founded Mexico,26;a pure Nahua race, perhaps the Toltecs,26;their supremacy,48Acolhuaque.SeeAcolhuansAcosta, José de.Work on Mexican lore,58Acsumama.Guardian spirit of the potato plant in Peru,295Acxitl.Toltec king, son of Huemac II,17,19Acxopil.Ruler of the Kiche,158–159Agoreros(orMohanes). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314Ahuizotl.Mexican king,30Ah-zotzils.A Maya tribe,172Akab-sib(Writing in the Dark). A bas-relief at El Castillo, Chichen-Itza,190Aké.Maya ruins at,186–187America.Superficial resemblance between peoples, customs, and art-forms of Asia and,1;civilisation, native origin of,1–2,3,328;animal and plant life peculiar to,2;man, origin of, in,2;geographical connection between Asia and,3;traditions of intercourse between Asia and,3;Chinese Fu-Sang and,3;possible Chinese and Japanese visits to,3–4;Coronado’s expedition to,4;legends of intercourse between Europe and,4;“Great Ireland” probably the same as,4;St. Brandan’s voyage and,4;reached by early Norsemen,5;the legend of Madoc and,5–6;early belief in, respecting incursions from the east,6;prophecy of Chilan Balamrecoming of white men to,8America, Central.Indigenous origin of civilisation of,1;legend of Toltec migration to,20Anahuac(By the Water). Native name of the Mexican plateau,18.SeeMexicoAncestor-worshipin Peru,296Andeans.The prehistoric civilisation of,249–250;architectural remains of,250Antahuayllas.Peruvian tribe,284Antilia.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6Anti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Apinguela.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299Apocatequil. Peruvian thunder-god, the “Prince of Evil”;in a creation-myth,301–302Apu-Ccapac(Sovereign Chief). Title of the Inca rulers,248“Apu-Ollanta.” A drama-legend of the Incas,251–253Apurimac(Great Speaker). River in Peru;regarded as an oracle,296Aqua.A bird-maiden; in the myth of origin of the Canaris,319Arara(Fire-bird). Same as Kinich-ahau,which seeArchitecture.I. Of the Nahua,31–34.II. Of the Maya,149–150,178–198;the most individual expression of the people,178;Yucatan exhibits the most perfect specimens, and the decadent phase,178;methods of building,178–179;ignorance of some first principles,179;mural decoration,179;pyramidal buildings,180;definiteness of design,180;architectural districts,181;not of great antiquity,182;Father Burgoa on the palace at Mitla,199–201.III. Of the Incas,268–269;the art in which the race showed greatest advance,268;Sir Clements Markham on,269Arriaga, P. J. de.On stone-worship in Peru,293Art.Early American, superficial resemblance to that of Asia,1;native origin and unique character of American,1–2;Toltec,23;Peruvians weak in,248Asia.Origin of early American culture erroneously attributed to,1;man originally came to America from,2;former land-connection between America and,3;traditions of intercourse between America and,3Ataguju.Supreme divinity of the Peruvians; in a creation-myth,301Atamalqualiztli(Fast of Porridge-balls and Water). Nahua festival,77Atatarho.Mythical wizard-king of the Iroquois,72Atauhuallpa.Son of the Inca Huaina Ccapac; strives for the crown with Huascar,289–290Atl(Water). Mexican deity; often confounded with the moon-goddess,106Atlantis.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6Auqui(Warrior). Peruvian order of knighthood; instituted by Pachacutic,287Avendaño, Hernandez de.And Peruvian fetishes,295Avilix.The god assigned to Balam-Agab in the Kiche story of the creation,230;turned into stone,231Axaiacatzin, King.Father of Chachiuhnenetzin, the vicious wife of Nezahualpilli,129Axayacatl.Mexican king,92Aymara.Peruvian race,254–255;fusion with Quichua,285–286Azangaro.The Sondor-huasi at,269Azcapozalco.Mexican town,26;rivalry with Tezcuco,49;Aztecs and,52Aztecs(orAztecâ) (Crane People). A nomad Mexican tribe,27,50–51;racial affinities,27;character,27–28;Tlascalans and,26;founders of Tenochtitlan (Mexico),27;their science,43;in bondage to Colhuacan,51;allied with Tecpanecs,51;war with Tecpanecs,52;development of the empire,52;commercial expansion,52;their tyranny,52–53;their conception of eternity,55;the priesthood,114–117;idea of the origin of mankind,123;a migration myth of,233Aztlan(Crane Land). Traditional place of origin of Nahua,11;Aztecs and,50,233BBacabs.Genii in Maya mythology,170Balam-Agab(Tiger of the Night). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Balam-Quitze(Tiger with the Sweet Smile).An ancestor of the Maya,188;one of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Balon Zacab.Form of the Maya rain-god,176Bat.Typical of the underworld,96Bat-god.Maya deity, known also as Camazotz,171–172Birth-cycle.In Mexican calendar,39,41Bochica.Sun-god of the Chibchas,276Bogota.City at which the Zippa of the Chibchas lived,276Boturini Benaduci, L.His work on Mexican lore,58Bourbourg, The Abbé Brasseur de.Version of Nahua flood-myth,122–123Brandan, St.Probable voyage to America,4Brinton, D. G.Theory as to the Toltecs,21;on Quetzalcoatl,81;translation of a poem on the Peruvian thunder-god myth, and comments on the myth,300–301Burgoa, Father.Account of a confession ceremony,108–110;description of Mitla,199–206CCabrakan(Earthquake).Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth in thePopol Vuh,211,213,216–219Cabrera, Don Felix.And thePopol Vuh,207Cachapucara.Hill; Thonapa and,319–320Caha-Paluma(Falling Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cakixa(Water of Parrots). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cakulha-Hurakan(Lightning). A sub-god of Hurakan,237Calderon, Don José.And Palenque,182Calendar.I. The Mexican,38–41;an essential feature in the national life,38;resemblance to Maya and Zapotec calendric systems,38,169;possible Toltec origin,39;the year,39;the “binding of years,”39,40;the solar year,39;thenemontemi,39;the “birth-cycle,”39,41;thecempohualli, or “months,”39–40;the ecclesiastical system,40;thexiumalpilli,40;the ceremony oftoxilmolpilia,41.II. The Maya; similarities to calendar of the Nahua,38,169.III. The Peruvian,265–266,313Callca.Place in Peru; sacred rocks found at,293Camaxtli.War-god of the Tlascalans,111Camazotz.The bat-god, called also Zotzilaha Chimalman,171–172,226;a totem of the Ahzotzils, a Maya tribe,172Camulatz.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209Canaris.Indian tribe; the myth of their origin,318–319Canek.King of Chichen-Itza; the story of,189Cannibalism. Among the Mexicans,45Capacahuana.Houses for pilgrims to Titicaca at,311Carapucu.I. Hill; in myth of Thonapa,320.II. Lake; in myth of Thonapa,320Caravaya.Mountain; in myth of Thonapa,320Carmenca.The hill of, at Cuzco; pillars on, for determining the solstices,265–266,287Caruyuchu Huayallo.Peruvian deity to whom children were sacrificed; in a myth of Paricaca,326Casa del Adivino(The Prophet’s House). Ruin at Uxmal, called also “The Dwarf’s House,”192;the legend relating to,192–194Casa del Gobernador(Governor’s Palace). Ruin at Uxmal,191Casas Grandes(Large Houses). Mexican ruin,32Castillo, El.Ruined pyramid-temple at Chichen-Itza,188,190Cauac.A minor Maya deity,170Cavillaca.A maiden; the myth of Coniraya Viracocha and,321–323Caxamarca.Inca fortress,290Cay Hun-Apu(Royal Hunter). The Kakchiquels and the defeat of,159Ccapac-cocha.Sacrificial rite, instituted by Pachacutic,286Ccapac-Huari.Eleventh Inca,288,289Ccapac Raymi.The chief Peruvian festival,267;Auqui, order of knighthood, conferred at,287Ccapac Sitŭa(orCcoya Raymi) (Moon Feast). Peruvian festival,267Ccapac Yupanqui.Fifth Inca,283Ccompas.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294Cempohualli.The Mexican month,40Centeotl.I. Group of maize-gods,85.II. A male maize-spirit,85,90;God E similar to,174.III. Mother of II, known also as Teteoinnan and Tocitzin,85,90Centzonuitznaua.Mythical Indian tribe; in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,70–72Chac.Maya rain-god, tutelar of the cast,170;has affinities with Tlaloc,176;God K not identical with,176Chacamarca.River in Peru; Thonapa and,320Chachiuhnenetzin.Wife of Nezahualpilli,129–132Chacras.Estates dedicated to the sun by the Peruvians,310Chalcas.Aztec tribe,233Chalchihuitlicue(Lady of the Emerald Robe). Wife of Tlaloc,75,77,110;assists the maize-goddess,86Chalchiuh Tlatonac(Shining Precious Stone). First king of the Toltecs,14“Chamayhuarisca” (The Song of Joy). Manco Ccapac sings,321Chanca.A Peruvian people; and the Incas,282Charnay, D.Excavations on the site of Teotihuacan,33;excavations at Tollan,34;and Lorillard,195Chasca.The Peruvian name for the planet Venus; the temple of, at Cuzco,262Chiapas.Mexican province; the nucleus of Maya civilisation lay in,144,149Chibchas.A Peruvian race,275–277Chichan-Chob.Ruin at Chichen-Itza,189Chichen-Itza.Sacred city of the Maya; founded by Itzaes,153;overthrown by Cocomes,153,155;assists in conquering Cocomes,156;abandoned,156;ruins at,188–190;and the story of Canek,189Chichicastenango.The Convent of; and thePopol Vuh,207Chichics.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294Chichimecs.Aztec tribe; invade Toltec territory,18;the great migration,20;supreme in Toltec country,20;probably related to Otomi,25;allied with Nahua and adopt Nahua language,26;conquered by Tecpanecs,51Chicomecohuatl(Seven-serpent). Chief maize-goddess of Mexico,85–88;image of, erroneously called Teoyaominqui by early Americanists,88–90Chicomoztoc(The Seven Caverns). Nahua said to have originated at,11;and Aztec idea of origin of mankind,123;identified with “seven cities of Cibola” and the Casas Grandes,123;parallel with the Kiche Tulan-Zuiva,230Chicuhcoatl.In the story of the vicious princess,130Chihuahua.Mexican province,31Chilan Balam.Maya priest; the prophecy of,8Chimalmat.Wife of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth,211–213Chimalpahin.Mexican chronicler,42Chimu.The plain of; ruined city on,271;the palace,271–272;the ruins display an advanced civilisation,272–273Chinchero.Inca ruins at,269Chipi-Cakulha(Lightning-flash). A sub-god of Hurakan,237Choima(Beautiful Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cholula.Sacred city inhabited by Acolhuans,47,48;the pottery of,23Chontals.Aboriginal Mexican race,23Choque Suso.Maiden; the myth of Paricaca and,327Chulpas.Megalithic mummy tombs of Peru,263Churoquella.A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299“Citadel,” The, at Teotihuacan,33Citallatonac.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123Citallinicue.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123Citatli(Moon). A form of the Mexican moon-goddess,106Citlalpol(The Great Star). Mexican name of the planet Venus,96Citoc Raymi(Gradually Increasing Sun). Peruvian festival,312–313Ciuapipiltin(Honoured Women). Spirits of women who had died in childbed,108,138Civilisation.I. Of Mexico,1–53;indigenous origin of,1;type of,9.II. Of Peru,248–290;indigenous origin of,1,259;inferior to the Mexican and Mayan,248.III. Of the Andeans,249Clavigero, The Abbé.His work on Mexican lore,57–58“Cliff-dwellers.” Mexican race related to the Nahua,24,25Cliff Palace Cañon, Colorado,229Coaapan.Place in Mexico,65Coatepec.I. Mexican province,62,63.II. Mountain,70Coati.An island on Lake Titicaca; ruined temple on,270–271Coatlantona(Robe of Serpents). A name of Coatlicue, Huitzilopochtli’s mother,73Coatlicue.Mother of Huitzilopochtli,70–71;as Coatlantona,73Cocamama.Guardian spirit of the coca-shrub in Peru,295Cochtan.Place in Mexico,65Cocochallo.An irrigation channel; in a myth of Paricaca,327Cocomes.A tribe inhabiting Mayapan; overthrow Chichen-Itza,153;their tyranny and sway,154–155;conquered by allies,156;remnant found Zotuta,156Codex Perezianus.Maya manuscript,160Cogolludo, D. Lopez.And the story of Canek,189Coh, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244,246Cohuatzincatl(He who has Grandparents). Apulque-god,105Colcampata, The, at Cuzco. The palace on,269Colhuacan.I. Mexican city,20,26,233.II. King of; father of the sacrificed princess,124Colla-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Con.Thunder-god of Collao of Peru,78,299Confessionamong the Mexicans,106,108;Tlazolteotl the goddess of,106;accounts of the ceremony,106–110Coniraya Viracocha.A Peruvian nature-spirit; the myth of Cavillaca and,321–323Contici(The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm,301Conticsi-viracocha(He who gives Origin). Peruvian conception of the creative agency,304Conti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Copacahuana.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298Copacati.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298Copal.Prince; in legend of foundation of Mexico,28Copan.Maya city; sculptural remains at,196;evidence at, of a new racial type,196–197Coricancha(Town of Gold). Temple of the sun at Cuzco,260–262;built by Pachacutic,286;image of the thunder-god in,300Cortés.Lands at Vera Cruz,7;mistaken for Quetzalcoatl,7,80;the incident of the death of his horse at Peten-Itza,195Cotzbalam.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209Coxoh Choldialect,145Coyohuacan.Mexican city,50Coyolxauhqui.Daughter of Coatlicue,70–72Coyotl inaual.A god of the Amantecas; and Quetzalcoatl,79Cozaana.A Zapotec deity; in creation-myth,121Cozcaapa(Water of Precious Stones). A fountain; in a Quetzalcoatl myth,65Cozcatzin Codex,92Cozumel.The island of,154Creation.Mexican conceptions of,118–120;the legend given by Ixtlilxochitl,119–120;the Mixtec legend of,120–121;the Zapotec legend of,121–122;the Kiche story of, in thePopol Vuh,209;of man, thePopol Vuhmyth of,229–230;of man, a Peruvian myth of,256;the Inca conception of,257–258,305;local Peruvian myths,258–259Cross, The.A symbol of the four winds in Mexico and Peru,273;account of the discovery of a wooden,274–275Cuchumaquiq.Father of Xquiq; inPopol Vuhmyth,222Cuitlavacas.Aztec tribe,233Curi-Coyllur(Joyful Star). Daughter of Yupanqui Pachacutic; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253Cuycha.Peruvian name for the rainbow; temple of, at Cuzco,262Cuzco(Navel of the Universe). The ancient capital of the Incas,248;and the racial division of Peru,255;in the legend of Manco Ccapac,256;a great culture-centre,256;founded by the sun-god,258;the Coricancha at,260–262;power under Pachacutic,285

AAac, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244–245,246Acalan.District in Guatemala;race-movements and,150Acllacuna(Selected Ones). Body of maidens from whom victims for sacrifice were taken in Peru,313Aclla-huasi.Houses in which the Acllacuna lived,313Acolhuacan.District in Mexico,26Acolhuans(orAcolhuaque) (People of the Broad Shoulder). Mexican race,26;said to have founded Mexico,26;a pure Nahua race, perhaps the Toltecs,26;their supremacy,48Acolhuaque.SeeAcolhuansAcosta, José de.Work on Mexican lore,58Acsumama.Guardian spirit of the potato plant in Peru,295Acxitl.Toltec king, son of Huemac II,17,19Acxopil.Ruler of the Kiche,158–159Agoreros(orMohanes). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314Ahuizotl.Mexican king,30Ah-zotzils.A Maya tribe,172Akab-sib(Writing in the Dark). A bas-relief at El Castillo, Chichen-Itza,190Aké.Maya ruins at,186–187America.Superficial resemblance between peoples, customs, and art-forms of Asia and,1;civilisation, native origin of,1–2,3,328;animal and plant life peculiar to,2;man, origin of, in,2;geographical connection between Asia and,3;traditions of intercourse between Asia and,3;Chinese Fu-Sang and,3;possible Chinese and Japanese visits to,3–4;Coronado’s expedition to,4;legends of intercourse between Europe and,4;“Great Ireland” probably the same as,4;St. Brandan’s voyage and,4;reached by early Norsemen,5;the legend of Madoc and,5–6;early belief in, respecting incursions from the east,6;prophecy of Chilan Balamrecoming of white men to,8America, Central.Indigenous origin of civilisation of,1;legend of Toltec migration to,20Anahuac(By the Water). Native name of the Mexican plateau,18.SeeMexicoAncestor-worshipin Peru,296Andeans.The prehistoric civilisation of,249–250;architectural remains of,250Antahuayllas.Peruvian tribe,284Antilia.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6Anti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Apinguela.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299Apocatequil. Peruvian thunder-god, the “Prince of Evil”;in a creation-myth,301–302Apu-Ccapac(Sovereign Chief). Title of the Inca rulers,248“Apu-Ollanta.” A drama-legend of the Incas,251–253Apurimac(Great Speaker). River in Peru;regarded as an oracle,296Aqua.A bird-maiden; in the myth of origin of the Canaris,319Arara(Fire-bird). Same as Kinich-ahau,which seeArchitecture.I. Of the Nahua,31–34.II. Of the Maya,149–150,178–198;the most individual expression of the people,178;Yucatan exhibits the most perfect specimens, and the decadent phase,178;methods of building,178–179;ignorance of some first principles,179;mural decoration,179;pyramidal buildings,180;definiteness of design,180;architectural districts,181;not of great antiquity,182;Father Burgoa on the palace at Mitla,199–201.III. Of the Incas,268–269;the art in which the race showed greatest advance,268;Sir Clements Markham on,269Arriaga, P. J. de.On stone-worship in Peru,293Art.Early American, superficial resemblance to that of Asia,1;native origin and unique character of American,1–2;Toltec,23;Peruvians weak in,248Asia.Origin of early American culture erroneously attributed to,1;man originally came to America from,2;former land-connection between America and,3;traditions of intercourse between America and,3Ataguju.Supreme divinity of the Peruvians; in a creation-myth,301Atamalqualiztli(Fast of Porridge-balls and Water). Nahua festival,77Atatarho.Mythical wizard-king of the Iroquois,72Atauhuallpa.Son of the Inca Huaina Ccapac; strives for the crown with Huascar,289–290Atl(Water). Mexican deity; often confounded with the moon-goddess,106Atlantis.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6Auqui(Warrior). Peruvian order of knighthood; instituted by Pachacutic,287Avendaño, Hernandez de.And Peruvian fetishes,295Avilix.The god assigned to Balam-Agab in the Kiche story of the creation,230;turned into stone,231Axaiacatzin, King.Father of Chachiuhnenetzin, the vicious wife of Nezahualpilli,129Axayacatl.Mexican king,92Aymara.Peruvian race,254–255;fusion with Quichua,285–286Azangaro.The Sondor-huasi at,269Azcapozalco.Mexican town,26;rivalry with Tezcuco,49;Aztecs and,52Aztecs(orAztecâ) (Crane People). A nomad Mexican tribe,27,50–51;racial affinities,27;character,27–28;Tlascalans and,26;founders of Tenochtitlan (Mexico),27;their science,43;in bondage to Colhuacan,51;allied with Tecpanecs,51;war with Tecpanecs,52;development of the empire,52;commercial expansion,52;their tyranny,52–53;their conception of eternity,55;the priesthood,114–117;idea of the origin of mankind,123;a migration myth of,233Aztlan(Crane Land). Traditional place of origin of Nahua,11;Aztecs and,50,233

Aac, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244–245,246Acalan.District in Guatemala;race-movements and,150Acllacuna(Selected Ones). Body of maidens from whom victims for sacrifice were taken in Peru,313Aclla-huasi.Houses in which the Acllacuna lived,313Acolhuacan.District in Mexico,26Acolhuans(orAcolhuaque) (People of the Broad Shoulder). Mexican race,26;said to have founded Mexico,26;a pure Nahua race, perhaps the Toltecs,26;their supremacy,48Acolhuaque.SeeAcolhuansAcosta, José de.Work on Mexican lore,58Acsumama.Guardian spirit of the potato plant in Peru,295Acxitl.Toltec king, son of Huemac II,17,19Acxopil.Ruler of the Kiche,158–159Agoreros(orMohanes). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314Ahuizotl.Mexican king,30Ah-zotzils.A Maya tribe,172Akab-sib(Writing in the Dark). A bas-relief at El Castillo, Chichen-Itza,190Aké.Maya ruins at,186–187America.Superficial resemblance between peoples, customs, and art-forms of Asia and,1;civilisation, native origin of,1–2,3,328;animal and plant life peculiar to,2;man, origin of, in,2;geographical connection between Asia and,3;traditions of intercourse between Asia and,3;Chinese Fu-Sang and,3;possible Chinese and Japanese visits to,3–4;Coronado’s expedition to,4;legends of intercourse between Europe and,4;“Great Ireland” probably the same as,4;St. Brandan’s voyage and,4;reached by early Norsemen,5;the legend of Madoc and,5–6;early belief in, respecting incursions from the east,6;prophecy of Chilan Balamrecoming of white men to,8America, Central.Indigenous origin of civilisation of,1;legend of Toltec migration to,20Anahuac(By the Water). Native name of the Mexican plateau,18.SeeMexicoAncestor-worshipin Peru,296Andeans.The prehistoric civilisation of,249–250;architectural remains of,250Antahuayllas.Peruvian tribe,284Antilia.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6Anti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Apinguela.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299Apocatequil. Peruvian thunder-god, the “Prince of Evil”;in a creation-myth,301–302Apu-Ccapac(Sovereign Chief). Title of the Inca rulers,248“Apu-Ollanta.” A drama-legend of the Incas,251–253Apurimac(Great Speaker). River in Peru;regarded as an oracle,296Aqua.A bird-maiden; in the myth of origin of the Canaris,319Arara(Fire-bird). Same as Kinich-ahau,which seeArchitecture.I. Of the Nahua,31–34.II. Of the Maya,149–150,178–198;the most individual expression of the people,178;Yucatan exhibits the most perfect specimens, and the decadent phase,178;methods of building,178–179;ignorance of some first principles,179;mural decoration,179;pyramidal buildings,180;definiteness of design,180;architectural districts,181;not of great antiquity,182;Father Burgoa on the palace at Mitla,199–201.III. Of the Incas,268–269;the art in which the race showed greatest advance,268;Sir Clements Markham on,269Arriaga, P. J. de.On stone-worship in Peru,293Art.Early American, superficial resemblance to that of Asia,1;native origin and unique character of American,1–2;Toltec,23;Peruvians weak in,248Asia.Origin of early American culture erroneously attributed to,1;man originally came to America from,2;former land-connection between America and,3;traditions of intercourse between America and,3Ataguju.Supreme divinity of the Peruvians; in a creation-myth,301Atamalqualiztli(Fast of Porridge-balls and Water). Nahua festival,77Atatarho.Mythical wizard-king of the Iroquois,72Atauhuallpa.Son of the Inca Huaina Ccapac; strives for the crown with Huascar,289–290Atl(Water). Mexican deity; often confounded with the moon-goddess,106Atlantis.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6Auqui(Warrior). Peruvian order of knighthood; instituted by Pachacutic,287Avendaño, Hernandez de.And Peruvian fetishes,295Avilix.The god assigned to Balam-Agab in the Kiche story of the creation,230;turned into stone,231Axaiacatzin, King.Father of Chachiuhnenetzin, the vicious wife of Nezahualpilli,129Axayacatl.Mexican king,92Aymara.Peruvian race,254–255;fusion with Quichua,285–286Azangaro.The Sondor-huasi at,269Azcapozalco.Mexican town,26;rivalry with Tezcuco,49;Aztecs and,52Aztecs(orAztecâ) (Crane People). A nomad Mexican tribe,27,50–51;racial affinities,27;character,27–28;Tlascalans and,26;founders of Tenochtitlan (Mexico),27;their science,43;in bondage to Colhuacan,51;allied with Tecpanecs,51;war with Tecpanecs,52;development of the empire,52;commercial expansion,52;their tyranny,52–53;their conception of eternity,55;the priesthood,114–117;idea of the origin of mankind,123;a migration myth of,233Aztlan(Crane Land). Traditional place of origin of Nahua,11;Aztecs and,50,233

Aac, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244–245,246

Acalan.District in Guatemala;race-movements and,150

Acllacuna(Selected Ones). Body of maidens from whom victims for sacrifice were taken in Peru,313

Aclla-huasi.Houses in which the Acllacuna lived,313

Acolhuacan.District in Mexico,26

Acolhuans(orAcolhuaque) (People of the Broad Shoulder). Mexican race,26;said to have founded Mexico,26;a pure Nahua race, perhaps the Toltecs,26;their supremacy,48

Acolhuaque.SeeAcolhuans

Acosta, José de.Work on Mexican lore,58

Acsumama.Guardian spirit of the potato plant in Peru,295

Acxitl.Toltec king, son of Huemac II,17,19

Acxopil.Ruler of the Kiche,158–159

Agoreros(orMohanes). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314

Ahuizotl.Mexican king,30

Ah-zotzils.A Maya tribe,172

Akab-sib(Writing in the Dark). A bas-relief at El Castillo, Chichen-Itza,190

Aké.Maya ruins at,186–187

America.Superficial resemblance between peoples, customs, and art-forms of Asia and,1;civilisation, native origin of,1–2,3,328;animal and plant life peculiar to,2;man, origin of, in,2;geographical connection between Asia and,3;traditions of intercourse between Asia and,3;Chinese Fu-Sang and,3;possible Chinese and Japanese visits to,3–4;Coronado’s expedition to,4;legends of intercourse between Europe and,4;“Great Ireland” probably the same as,4;St. Brandan’s voyage and,4;reached by early Norsemen,5;the legend of Madoc and,5–6;early belief in, respecting incursions from the east,6;prophecy of Chilan Balamrecoming of white men to,8

America, Central.Indigenous origin of civilisation of,1;legend of Toltec migration to,20

Anahuac(By the Water). Native name of the Mexican plateau,18.SeeMexico

Ancestor-worshipin Peru,296

Andeans.The prehistoric civilisation of,249–250;architectural remains of,250

Antahuayllas.Peruvian tribe,284

Antilia.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6

Anti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255

Apinguela.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299

Apocatequil. Peruvian thunder-god, the “Prince of Evil”;in a creation-myth,301–302

Apu-Ccapac(Sovereign Chief). Title of the Inca rulers,248

“Apu-Ollanta.” A drama-legend of the Incas,251–253

Apurimac(Great Speaker). River in Peru;regarded as an oracle,296

Aqua.A bird-maiden; in the myth of origin of the Canaris,319

Arara(Fire-bird). Same as Kinich-ahau,which see

Architecture.I. Of the Nahua,31–34.II. Of the Maya,149–150,178–198;the most individual expression of the people,178;Yucatan exhibits the most perfect specimens, and the decadent phase,178;methods of building,178–179;ignorance of some first principles,179;mural decoration,179;pyramidal buildings,180;definiteness of design,180;architectural districts,181;not of great antiquity,182;Father Burgoa on the palace at Mitla,199–201.III. Of the Incas,268–269;the art in which the race showed greatest advance,268;Sir Clements Markham on,269

Arriaga, P. J. de.On stone-worship in Peru,293

Art.Early American, superficial resemblance to that of Asia,1;native origin and unique character of American,1–2;Toltec,23;Peruvians weak in,248

Asia.Origin of early American culture erroneously attributed to,1;man originally came to America from,2;former land-connection between America and,3;traditions of intercourse between America and,3

Ataguju.Supreme divinity of the Peruvians; in a creation-myth,301

Atamalqualiztli(Fast of Porridge-balls and Water). Nahua festival,77

Atatarho.Mythical wizard-king of the Iroquois,72

Atauhuallpa.Son of the Inca Huaina Ccapac; strives for the crown with Huascar,289–290

Atl(Water). Mexican deity; often confounded with the moon-goddess,106

Atlantis.Legends of, have no connection with American myth,6

Auqui(Warrior). Peruvian order of knighthood; instituted by Pachacutic,287

Avendaño, Hernandez de.And Peruvian fetishes,295

Avilix.The god assigned to Balam-Agab in the Kiche story of the creation,230;turned into stone,231

Axaiacatzin, King.Father of Chachiuhnenetzin, the vicious wife of Nezahualpilli,129

Axayacatl.Mexican king,92

Aymara.Peruvian race,254–255;fusion with Quichua,285–286

Azangaro.The Sondor-huasi at,269

Azcapozalco.Mexican town,26;rivalry with Tezcuco,49;Aztecs and,52

Aztecs(orAztecâ) (Crane People). A nomad Mexican tribe,27,50–51;racial affinities,27;character,27–28;Tlascalans and,26;founders of Tenochtitlan (Mexico),27;their science,43;in bondage to Colhuacan,51;allied with Tecpanecs,51;war with Tecpanecs,52;development of the empire,52;commercial expansion,52;their tyranny,52–53;their conception of eternity,55;the priesthood,114–117;idea of the origin of mankind,123;a migration myth of,233

Aztlan(Crane Land). Traditional place of origin of Nahua,11;Aztecs and,50,233

BBacabs.Genii in Maya mythology,170Balam-Agab(Tiger of the Night). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Balam-Quitze(Tiger with the Sweet Smile).An ancestor of the Maya,188;one of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Balon Zacab.Form of the Maya rain-god,176Bat.Typical of the underworld,96Bat-god.Maya deity, known also as Camazotz,171–172Birth-cycle.In Mexican calendar,39,41Bochica.Sun-god of the Chibchas,276Bogota.City at which the Zippa of the Chibchas lived,276Boturini Benaduci, L.His work on Mexican lore,58Bourbourg, The Abbé Brasseur de.Version of Nahua flood-myth,122–123Brandan, St.Probable voyage to America,4Brinton, D. G.Theory as to the Toltecs,21;on Quetzalcoatl,81;translation of a poem on the Peruvian thunder-god myth, and comments on the myth,300–301Burgoa, Father.Account of a confession ceremony,108–110;description of Mitla,199–206

Bacabs.Genii in Maya mythology,170Balam-Agab(Tiger of the Night). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Balam-Quitze(Tiger with the Sweet Smile).An ancestor of the Maya,188;one of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Balon Zacab.Form of the Maya rain-god,176Bat.Typical of the underworld,96Bat-god.Maya deity, known also as Camazotz,171–172Birth-cycle.In Mexican calendar,39,41Bochica.Sun-god of the Chibchas,276Bogota.City at which the Zippa of the Chibchas lived,276Boturini Benaduci, L.His work on Mexican lore,58Bourbourg, The Abbé Brasseur de.Version of Nahua flood-myth,122–123Brandan, St.Probable voyage to America,4Brinton, D. G.Theory as to the Toltecs,21;on Quetzalcoatl,81;translation of a poem on the Peruvian thunder-god myth, and comments on the myth,300–301Burgoa, Father.Account of a confession ceremony,108–110;description of Mitla,199–206

Bacabs.Genii in Maya mythology,170

Balam-Agab(Tiger of the Night). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230

Balam-Quitze(Tiger with the Sweet Smile).An ancestor of the Maya,188;one of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230

Balon Zacab.Form of the Maya rain-god,176

Bat.Typical of the underworld,96

Bat-god.Maya deity, known also as Camazotz,171–172

Birth-cycle.In Mexican calendar,39,41

Bochica.Sun-god of the Chibchas,276

Bogota.City at which the Zippa of the Chibchas lived,276

Boturini Benaduci, L.His work on Mexican lore,58

Bourbourg, The Abbé Brasseur de.Version of Nahua flood-myth,122–123

Brandan, St.Probable voyage to America,4

Brinton, D. G.Theory as to the Toltecs,21;on Quetzalcoatl,81;translation of a poem on the Peruvian thunder-god myth, and comments on the myth,300–301

Burgoa, Father.Account of a confession ceremony,108–110;description of Mitla,199–206

CCabrakan(Earthquake).Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth in thePopol Vuh,211,213,216–219Cabrera, Don Felix.And thePopol Vuh,207Cachapucara.Hill; Thonapa and,319–320Caha-Paluma(Falling Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cakixa(Water of Parrots). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cakulha-Hurakan(Lightning). A sub-god of Hurakan,237Calderon, Don José.And Palenque,182Calendar.I. The Mexican,38–41;an essential feature in the national life,38;resemblance to Maya and Zapotec calendric systems,38,169;possible Toltec origin,39;the year,39;the “binding of years,”39,40;the solar year,39;thenemontemi,39;the “birth-cycle,”39,41;thecempohualli, or “months,”39–40;the ecclesiastical system,40;thexiumalpilli,40;the ceremony oftoxilmolpilia,41.II. The Maya; similarities to calendar of the Nahua,38,169.III. The Peruvian,265–266,313Callca.Place in Peru; sacred rocks found at,293Camaxtli.War-god of the Tlascalans,111Camazotz.The bat-god, called also Zotzilaha Chimalman,171–172,226;a totem of the Ahzotzils, a Maya tribe,172Camulatz.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209Canaris.Indian tribe; the myth of their origin,318–319Canek.King of Chichen-Itza; the story of,189Cannibalism. Among the Mexicans,45Capacahuana.Houses for pilgrims to Titicaca at,311Carapucu.I. Hill; in myth of Thonapa,320.II. Lake; in myth of Thonapa,320Caravaya.Mountain; in myth of Thonapa,320Carmenca.The hill of, at Cuzco; pillars on, for determining the solstices,265–266,287Caruyuchu Huayallo.Peruvian deity to whom children were sacrificed; in a myth of Paricaca,326Casa del Adivino(The Prophet’s House). Ruin at Uxmal, called also “The Dwarf’s House,”192;the legend relating to,192–194Casa del Gobernador(Governor’s Palace). Ruin at Uxmal,191Casas Grandes(Large Houses). Mexican ruin,32Castillo, El.Ruined pyramid-temple at Chichen-Itza,188,190Cauac.A minor Maya deity,170Cavillaca.A maiden; the myth of Coniraya Viracocha and,321–323Caxamarca.Inca fortress,290Cay Hun-Apu(Royal Hunter). The Kakchiquels and the defeat of,159Ccapac-cocha.Sacrificial rite, instituted by Pachacutic,286Ccapac-Huari.Eleventh Inca,288,289Ccapac Raymi.The chief Peruvian festival,267;Auqui, order of knighthood, conferred at,287Ccapac Sitŭa(orCcoya Raymi) (Moon Feast). Peruvian festival,267Ccapac Yupanqui.Fifth Inca,283Ccompas.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294Cempohualli.The Mexican month,40Centeotl.I. Group of maize-gods,85.II. A male maize-spirit,85,90;God E similar to,174.III. Mother of II, known also as Teteoinnan and Tocitzin,85,90Centzonuitznaua.Mythical Indian tribe; in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,70–72Chac.Maya rain-god, tutelar of the cast,170;has affinities with Tlaloc,176;God K not identical with,176Chacamarca.River in Peru; Thonapa and,320Chachiuhnenetzin.Wife of Nezahualpilli,129–132Chacras.Estates dedicated to the sun by the Peruvians,310Chalcas.Aztec tribe,233Chalchihuitlicue(Lady of the Emerald Robe). Wife of Tlaloc,75,77,110;assists the maize-goddess,86Chalchiuh Tlatonac(Shining Precious Stone). First king of the Toltecs,14“Chamayhuarisca” (The Song of Joy). Manco Ccapac sings,321Chanca.A Peruvian people; and the Incas,282Charnay, D.Excavations on the site of Teotihuacan,33;excavations at Tollan,34;and Lorillard,195Chasca.The Peruvian name for the planet Venus; the temple of, at Cuzco,262Chiapas.Mexican province; the nucleus of Maya civilisation lay in,144,149Chibchas.A Peruvian race,275–277Chichan-Chob.Ruin at Chichen-Itza,189Chichen-Itza.Sacred city of the Maya; founded by Itzaes,153;overthrown by Cocomes,153,155;assists in conquering Cocomes,156;abandoned,156;ruins at,188–190;and the story of Canek,189Chichicastenango.The Convent of; and thePopol Vuh,207Chichics.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294Chichimecs.Aztec tribe; invade Toltec territory,18;the great migration,20;supreme in Toltec country,20;probably related to Otomi,25;allied with Nahua and adopt Nahua language,26;conquered by Tecpanecs,51Chicomecohuatl(Seven-serpent). Chief maize-goddess of Mexico,85–88;image of, erroneously called Teoyaominqui by early Americanists,88–90Chicomoztoc(The Seven Caverns). Nahua said to have originated at,11;and Aztec idea of origin of mankind,123;identified with “seven cities of Cibola” and the Casas Grandes,123;parallel with the Kiche Tulan-Zuiva,230Chicuhcoatl.In the story of the vicious princess,130Chihuahua.Mexican province,31Chilan Balam.Maya priest; the prophecy of,8Chimalmat.Wife of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth,211–213Chimalpahin.Mexican chronicler,42Chimu.The plain of; ruined city on,271;the palace,271–272;the ruins display an advanced civilisation,272–273Chinchero.Inca ruins at,269Chipi-Cakulha(Lightning-flash). A sub-god of Hurakan,237Choima(Beautiful Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cholula.Sacred city inhabited by Acolhuans,47,48;the pottery of,23Chontals.Aboriginal Mexican race,23Choque Suso.Maiden; the myth of Paricaca and,327Chulpas.Megalithic mummy tombs of Peru,263Churoquella.A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299“Citadel,” The, at Teotihuacan,33Citallatonac.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123Citallinicue.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123Citatli(Moon). A form of the Mexican moon-goddess,106Citlalpol(The Great Star). Mexican name of the planet Venus,96Citoc Raymi(Gradually Increasing Sun). Peruvian festival,312–313Ciuapipiltin(Honoured Women). Spirits of women who had died in childbed,108,138Civilisation.I. Of Mexico,1–53;indigenous origin of,1;type of,9.II. Of Peru,248–290;indigenous origin of,1,259;inferior to the Mexican and Mayan,248.III. Of the Andeans,249Clavigero, The Abbé.His work on Mexican lore,57–58“Cliff-dwellers.” Mexican race related to the Nahua,24,25Cliff Palace Cañon, Colorado,229Coaapan.Place in Mexico,65Coatepec.I. Mexican province,62,63.II. Mountain,70Coati.An island on Lake Titicaca; ruined temple on,270–271Coatlantona(Robe of Serpents). A name of Coatlicue, Huitzilopochtli’s mother,73Coatlicue.Mother of Huitzilopochtli,70–71;as Coatlantona,73Cocamama.Guardian spirit of the coca-shrub in Peru,295Cochtan.Place in Mexico,65Cocochallo.An irrigation channel; in a myth of Paricaca,327Cocomes.A tribe inhabiting Mayapan; overthrow Chichen-Itza,153;their tyranny and sway,154–155;conquered by allies,156;remnant found Zotuta,156Codex Perezianus.Maya manuscript,160Cogolludo, D. Lopez.And the story of Canek,189Coh, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244,246Cohuatzincatl(He who has Grandparents). Apulque-god,105Colcampata, The, at Cuzco. The palace on,269Colhuacan.I. Mexican city,20,26,233.II. King of; father of the sacrificed princess,124Colla-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Con.Thunder-god of Collao of Peru,78,299Confessionamong the Mexicans,106,108;Tlazolteotl the goddess of,106;accounts of the ceremony,106–110Coniraya Viracocha.A Peruvian nature-spirit; the myth of Cavillaca and,321–323Contici(The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm,301Conticsi-viracocha(He who gives Origin). Peruvian conception of the creative agency,304Conti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Copacahuana.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298Copacati.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298Copal.Prince; in legend of foundation of Mexico,28Copan.Maya city; sculptural remains at,196;evidence at, of a new racial type,196–197Coricancha(Town of Gold). Temple of the sun at Cuzco,260–262;built by Pachacutic,286;image of the thunder-god in,300Cortés.Lands at Vera Cruz,7;mistaken for Quetzalcoatl,7,80;the incident of the death of his horse at Peten-Itza,195Cotzbalam.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209Coxoh Choldialect,145Coyohuacan.Mexican city,50Coyolxauhqui.Daughter of Coatlicue,70–72Coyotl inaual.A god of the Amantecas; and Quetzalcoatl,79Cozaana.A Zapotec deity; in creation-myth,121Cozcaapa(Water of Precious Stones). A fountain; in a Quetzalcoatl myth,65Cozcatzin Codex,92Cozumel.The island of,154Creation.Mexican conceptions of,118–120;the legend given by Ixtlilxochitl,119–120;the Mixtec legend of,120–121;the Zapotec legend of,121–122;the Kiche story of, in thePopol Vuh,209;of man, thePopol Vuhmyth of,229–230;of man, a Peruvian myth of,256;the Inca conception of,257–258,305;local Peruvian myths,258–259Cross, The.A symbol of the four winds in Mexico and Peru,273;account of the discovery of a wooden,274–275Cuchumaquiq.Father of Xquiq; inPopol Vuhmyth,222Cuitlavacas.Aztec tribe,233Curi-Coyllur(Joyful Star). Daughter of Yupanqui Pachacutic; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253Cuycha.Peruvian name for the rainbow; temple of, at Cuzco,262Cuzco(Navel of the Universe). The ancient capital of the Incas,248;and the racial division of Peru,255;in the legend of Manco Ccapac,256;a great culture-centre,256;founded by the sun-god,258;the Coricancha at,260–262;power under Pachacutic,285

Cabrakan(Earthquake).Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth in thePopol Vuh,211,213,216–219Cabrera, Don Felix.And thePopol Vuh,207Cachapucara.Hill; Thonapa and,319–320Caha-Paluma(Falling Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cakixa(Water of Parrots). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cakulha-Hurakan(Lightning). A sub-god of Hurakan,237Calderon, Don José.And Palenque,182Calendar.I. The Mexican,38–41;an essential feature in the national life,38;resemblance to Maya and Zapotec calendric systems,38,169;possible Toltec origin,39;the year,39;the “binding of years,”39,40;the solar year,39;thenemontemi,39;the “birth-cycle,”39,41;thecempohualli, or “months,”39–40;the ecclesiastical system,40;thexiumalpilli,40;the ceremony oftoxilmolpilia,41.II. The Maya; similarities to calendar of the Nahua,38,169.III. The Peruvian,265–266,313Callca.Place in Peru; sacred rocks found at,293Camaxtli.War-god of the Tlascalans,111Camazotz.The bat-god, called also Zotzilaha Chimalman,171–172,226;a totem of the Ahzotzils, a Maya tribe,172Camulatz.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209Canaris.Indian tribe; the myth of their origin,318–319Canek.King of Chichen-Itza; the story of,189Cannibalism. Among the Mexicans,45Capacahuana.Houses for pilgrims to Titicaca at,311Carapucu.I. Hill; in myth of Thonapa,320.II. Lake; in myth of Thonapa,320Caravaya.Mountain; in myth of Thonapa,320Carmenca.The hill of, at Cuzco; pillars on, for determining the solstices,265–266,287Caruyuchu Huayallo.Peruvian deity to whom children were sacrificed; in a myth of Paricaca,326Casa del Adivino(The Prophet’s House). Ruin at Uxmal, called also “The Dwarf’s House,”192;the legend relating to,192–194Casa del Gobernador(Governor’s Palace). Ruin at Uxmal,191Casas Grandes(Large Houses). Mexican ruin,32Castillo, El.Ruined pyramid-temple at Chichen-Itza,188,190Cauac.A minor Maya deity,170Cavillaca.A maiden; the myth of Coniraya Viracocha and,321–323Caxamarca.Inca fortress,290Cay Hun-Apu(Royal Hunter). The Kakchiquels and the defeat of,159Ccapac-cocha.Sacrificial rite, instituted by Pachacutic,286Ccapac-Huari.Eleventh Inca,288,289Ccapac Raymi.The chief Peruvian festival,267;Auqui, order of knighthood, conferred at,287Ccapac Sitŭa(orCcoya Raymi) (Moon Feast). Peruvian festival,267Ccapac Yupanqui.Fifth Inca,283Ccompas.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294Cempohualli.The Mexican month,40Centeotl.I. Group of maize-gods,85.II. A male maize-spirit,85,90;God E similar to,174.III. Mother of II, known also as Teteoinnan and Tocitzin,85,90Centzonuitznaua.Mythical Indian tribe; in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,70–72Chac.Maya rain-god, tutelar of the cast,170;has affinities with Tlaloc,176;God K not identical with,176Chacamarca.River in Peru; Thonapa and,320Chachiuhnenetzin.Wife of Nezahualpilli,129–132Chacras.Estates dedicated to the sun by the Peruvians,310Chalcas.Aztec tribe,233Chalchihuitlicue(Lady of the Emerald Robe). Wife of Tlaloc,75,77,110;assists the maize-goddess,86Chalchiuh Tlatonac(Shining Precious Stone). First king of the Toltecs,14“Chamayhuarisca” (The Song of Joy). Manco Ccapac sings,321Chanca.A Peruvian people; and the Incas,282Charnay, D.Excavations on the site of Teotihuacan,33;excavations at Tollan,34;and Lorillard,195Chasca.The Peruvian name for the planet Venus; the temple of, at Cuzco,262Chiapas.Mexican province; the nucleus of Maya civilisation lay in,144,149Chibchas.A Peruvian race,275–277Chichan-Chob.Ruin at Chichen-Itza,189Chichen-Itza.Sacred city of the Maya; founded by Itzaes,153;overthrown by Cocomes,153,155;assists in conquering Cocomes,156;abandoned,156;ruins at,188–190;and the story of Canek,189Chichicastenango.The Convent of; and thePopol Vuh,207Chichics.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294Chichimecs.Aztec tribe; invade Toltec territory,18;the great migration,20;supreme in Toltec country,20;probably related to Otomi,25;allied with Nahua and adopt Nahua language,26;conquered by Tecpanecs,51Chicomecohuatl(Seven-serpent). Chief maize-goddess of Mexico,85–88;image of, erroneously called Teoyaominqui by early Americanists,88–90Chicomoztoc(The Seven Caverns). Nahua said to have originated at,11;and Aztec idea of origin of mankind,123;identified with “seven cities of Cibola” and the Casas Grandes,123;parallel with the Kiche Tulan-Zuiva,230Chicuhcoatl.In the story of the vicious princess,130Chihuahua.Mexican province,31Chilan Balam.Maya priest; the prophecy of,8Chimalmat.Wife of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth,211–213Chimalpahin.Mexican chronicler,42Chimu.The plain of; ruined city on,271;the palace,271–272;the ruins display an advanced civilisation,272–273Chinchero.Inca ruins at,269Chipi-Cakulha(Lightning-flash). A sub-god of Hurakan,237Choima(Beautiful Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230Cholula.Sacred city inhabited by Acolhuans,47,48;the pottery of,23Chontals.Aboriginal Mexican race,23Choque Suso.Maiden; the myth of Paricaca and,327Chulpas.Megalithic mummy tombs of Peru,263Churoquella.A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299“Citadel,” The, at Teotihuacan,33Citallatonac.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123Citallinicue.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123Citatli(Moon). A form of the Mexican moon-goddess,106Citlalpol(The Great Star). Mexican name of the planet Venus,96Citoc Raymi(Gradually Increasing Sun). Peruvian festival,312–313Ciuapipiltin(Honoured Women). Spirits of women who had died in childbed,108,138Civilisation.I. Of Mexico,1–53;indigenous origin of,1;type of,9.II. Of Peru,248–290;indigenous origin of,1,259;inferior to the Mexican and Mayan,248.III. Of the Andeans,249Clavigero, The Abbé.His work on Mexican lore,57–58“Cliff-dwellers.” Mexican race related to the Nahua,24,25Cliff Palace Cañon, Colorado,229Coaapan.Place in Mexico,65Coatepec.I. Mexican province,62,63.II. Mountain,70Coati.An island on Lake Titicaca; ruined temple on,270–271Coatlantona(Robe of Serpents). A name of Coatlicue, Huitzilopochtli’s mother,73Coatlicue.Mother of Huitzilopochtli,70–71;as Coatlantona,73Cocamama.Guardian spirit of the coca-shrub in Peru,295Cochtan.Place in Mexico,65Cocochallo.An irrigation channel; in a myth of Paricaca,327Cocomes.A tribe inhabiting Mayapan; overthrow Chichen-Itza,153;their tyranny and sway,154–155;conquered by allies,156;remnant found Zotuta,156Codex Perezianus.Maya manuscript,160Cogolludo, D. Lopez.And the story of Canek,189Coh, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244,246Cohuatzincatl(He who has Grandparents). Apulque-god,105Colcampata, The, at Cuzco. The palace on,269Colhuacan.I. Mexican city,20,26,233.II. King of; father of the sacrificed princess,124Colla-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Con.Thunder-god of Collao of Peru,78,299Confessionamong the Mexicans,106,108;Tlazolteotl the goddess of,106;accounts of the ceremony,106–110Coniraya Viracocha.A Peruvian nature-spirit; the myth of Cavillaca and,321–323Contici(The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm,301Conticsi-viracocha(He who gives Origin). Peruvian conception of the creative agency,304Conti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255Copacahuana.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298Copacati.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298Copal.Prince; in legend of foundation of Mexico,28Copan.Maya city; sculptural remains at,196;evidence at, of a new racial type,196–197Coricancha(Town of Gold). Temple of the sun at Cuzco,260–262;built by Pachacutic,286;image of the thunder-god in,300Cortés.Lands at Vera Cruz,7;mistaken for Quetzalcoatl,7,80;the incident of the death of his horse at Peten-Itza,195Cotzbalam.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209Coxoh Choldialect,145Coyohuacan.Mexican city,50Coyolxauhqui.Daughter of Coatlicue,70–72Coyotl inaual.A god of the Amantecas; and Quetzalcoatl,79Cozaana.A Zapotec deity; in creation-myth,121Cozcaapa(Water of Precious Stones). A fountain; in a Quetzalcoatl myth,65Cozcatzin Codex,92Cozumel.The island of,154Creation.Mexican conceptions of,118–120;the legend given by Ixtlilxochitl,119–120;the Mixtec legend of,120–121;the Zapotec legend of,121–122;the Kiche story of, in thePopol Vuh,209;of man, thePopol Vuhmyth of,229–230;of man, a Peruvian myth of,256;the Inca conception of,257–258,305;local Peruvian myths,258–259Cross, The.A symbol of the four winds in Mexico and Peru,273;account of the discovery of a wooden,274–275Cuchumaquiq.Father of Xquiq; inPopol Vuhmyth,222Cuitlavacas.Aztec tribe,233Curi-Coyllur(Joyful Star). Daughter of Yupanqui Pachacutic; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253Cuycha.Peruvian name for the rainbow; temple of, at Cuzco,262Cuzco(Navel of the Universe). The ancient capital of the Incas,248;and the racial division of Peru,255;in the legend of Manco Ccapac,256;a great culture-centre,256;founded by the sun-god,258;the Coricancha at,260–262;power under Pachacutic,285

Cabrakan(Earthquake).Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth in thePopol Vuh,211,213,216–219

Cabrera, Don Felix.And thePopol Vuh,207

Cachapucara.Hill; Thonapa and,319–320

Caha-Paluma(Falling Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230

Cakixa(Water of Parrots). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230

Cakulha-Hurakan(Lightning). A sub-god of Hurakan,237

Calderon, Don José.And Palenque,182

Calendar.I. The Mexican,38–41;an essential feature in the national life,38;resemblance to Maya and Zapotec calendric systems,38,169;possible Toltec origin,39;the year,39;the “binding of years,”39,40;the solar year,39;thenemontemi,39;the “birth-cycle,”39,41;thecempohualli, or “months,”39–40;the ecclesiastical system,40;thexiumalpilli,40;the ceremony oftoxilmolpilia,41.II. The Maya; similarities to calendar of the Nahua,38,169.III. The Peruvian,265–266,313

Callca.Place in Peru; sacred rocks found at,293

Camaxtli.War-god of the Tlascalans,111

Camazotz.The bat-god, called also Zotzilaha Chimalman,171–172,226;a totem of the Ahzotzils, a Maya tribe,172

Camulatz.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209

Canaris.Indian tribe; the myth of their origin,318–319

Canek.King of Chichen-Itza; the story of,189

Cannibalism. Among the Mexicans,45

Capacahuana.Houses for pilgrims to Titicaca at,311

Carapucu.I. Hill; in myth of Thonapa,320.II. Lake; in myth of Thonapa,320

Caravaya.Mountain; in myth of Thonapa,320

Carmenca.The hill of, at Cuzco; pillars on, for determining the solstices,265–266,287

Caruyuchu Huayallo.Peruvian deity to whom children were sacrificed; in a myth of Paricaca,326

Casa del Adivino(The Prophet’s House). Ruin at Uxmal, called also “The Dwarf’s House,”192;the legend relating to,192–194

Casa del Gobernador(Governor’s Palace). Ruin at Uxmal,191

Casas Grandes(Large Houses). Mexican ruin,32

Castillo, El.Ruined pyramid-temple at Chichen-Itza,188,190

Cauac.A minor Maya deity,170

Cavillaca.A maiden; the myth of Coniraya Viracocha and,321–323

Caxamarca.Inca fortress,290

Cay Hun-Apu(Royal Hunter). The Kakchiquels and the defeat of,159

Ccapac-cocha.Sacrificial rite, instituted by Pachacutic,286

Ccapac-Huari.Eleventh Inca,288,289

Ccapac Raymi.The chief Peruvian festival,267;Auqui, order of knighthood, conferred at,287

Ccapac Sitŭa(orCcoya Raymi) (Moon Feast). Peruvian festival,267

Ccapac Yupanqui.Fifth Inca,283

Ccompas.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294

Cempohualli.The Mexican month,40

Centeotl.I. Group of maize-gods,85.II. A male maize-spirit,85,90;God E similar to,174.III. Mother of II, known also as Teteoinnan and Tocitzin,85,90

Centzonuitznaua.Mythical Indian tribe; in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,70–72

Chac.Maya rain-god, tutelar of the cast,170;has affinities with Tlaloc,176;God K not identical with,176

Chacamarca.River in Peru; Thonapa and,320

Chachiuhnenetzin.Wife of Nezahualpilli,129–132

Chacras.Estates dedicated to the sun by the Peruvians,310

Chalcas.Aztec tribe,233

Chalchihuitlicue(Lady of the Emerald Robe). Wife of Tlaloc,75,77,110;assists the maize-goddess,86

Chalchiuh Tlatonac(Shining Precious Stone). First king of the Toltecs,14

“Chamayhuarisca” (The Song of Joy). Manco Ccapac sings,321

Chanca.A Peruvian people; and the Incas,282

Charnay, D.Excavations on the site of Teotihuacan,33;excavations at Tollan,34;and Lorillard,195

Chasca.The Peruvian name for the planet Venus; the temple of, at Cuzco,262

Chiapas.Mexican province; the nucleus of Maya civilisation lay in,144,149

Chibchas.A Peruvian race,275–277

Chichan-Chob.Ruin at Chichen-Itza,189

Chichen-Itza.Sacred city of the Maya; founded by Itzaes,153;overthrown by Cocomes,153,155;assists in conquering Cocomes,156;abandoned,156;ruins at,188–190;and the story of Canek,189

Chichicastenango.The Convent of; and thePopol Vuh,207

Chichics.Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians,294

Chichimecs.Aztec tribe; invade Toltec territory,18;the great migration,20;supreme in Toltec country,20;probably related to Otomi,25;allied with Nahua and adopt Nahua language,26;conquered by Tecpanecs,51

Chicomecohuatl(Seven-serpent). Chief maize-goddess of Mexico,85–88;image of, erroneously called Teoyaominqui by early Americanists,88–90

Chicomoztoc(The Seven Caverns). Nahua said to have originated at,11;and Aztec idea of origin of mankind,123;identified with “seven cities of Cibola” and the Casas Grandes,123;parallel with the Kiche Tulan-Zuiva,230

Chicuhcoatl.In the story of the vicious princess,130

Chihuahua.Mexican province,31

Chilan Balam.Maya priest; the prophecy of,8

Chimalmat.Wife of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth,211–213

Chimalpahin.Mexican chronicler,42

Chimu.The plain of; ruined city on,271;the palace,271–272;the ruins display an advanced civilisation,272–273

Chinchero.Inca ruins at,269

Chipi-Cakulha(Lightning-flash). A sub-god of Hurakan,237

Choima(Beautiful Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuhmyth,230

Cholula.Sacred city inhabited by Acolhuans,47,48;the pottery of,23

Chontals.Aboriginal Mexican race,23

Choque Suso.Maiden; the myth of Paricaca and,327

Chulpas.Megalithic mummy tombs of Peru,263

Churoquella.A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299

“Citadel,” The, at Teotihuacan,33

Citallatonac.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123

Citallinicue.Mexican deity; in a flood-myth,123

Citatli(Moon). A form of the Mexican moon-goddess,106

Citlalpol(The Great Star). Mexican name of the planet Venus,96

Citoc Raymi(Gradually Increasing Sun). Peruvian festival,312–313

Ciuapipiltin(Honoured Women). Spirits of women who had died in childbed,108,138

Civilisation.I. Of Mexico,1–53;indigenous origin of,1;type of,9.II. Of Peru,248–290;indigenous origin of,1,259;inferior to the Mexican and Mayan,248.III. Of the Andeans,249

Clavigero, The Abbé.His work on Mexican lore,57–58

“Cliff-dwellers.” Mexican race related to the Nahua,24,25

Cliff Palace Cañon, Colorado,229

Coaapan.Place in Mexico,65

Coatepec.I. Mexican province,62,63.II. Mountain,70

Coati.An island on Lake Titicaca; ruined temple on,270–271

Coatlantona(Robe of Serpents). A name of Coatlicue, Huitzilopochtli’s mother,73

Coatlicue.Mother of Huitzilopochtli,70–71;as Coatlantona,73

Cocamama.Guardian spirit of the coca-shrub in Peru,295

Cochtan.Place in Mexico,65

Cocochallo.An irrigation channel; in a myth of Paricaca,327

Cocomes.A tribe inhabiting Mayapan; overthrow Chichen-Itza,153;their tyranny and sway,154–155;conquered by allies,156;remnant found Zotuta,156

Codex Perezianus.Maya manuscript,160

Cogolludo, D. Lopez.And the story of Canek,189

Coh, Prince.In the story of Queen Móo,240,244,246

Cohuatzincatl(He who has Grandparents). Apulque-god,105

Colcampata, The, at Cuzco. The palace on,269

Colhuacan.I. Mexican city,20,26,233.II. King of; father of the sacrificed princess,124

Colla-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255

Con.Thunder-god of Collao of Peru,78,299

Confessionamong the Mexicans,106,108;Tlazolteotl the goddess of,106;accounts of the ceremony,106–110

Coniraya Viracocha.A Peruvian nature-spirit; the myth of Cavillaca and,321–323

Contici(The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm,301

Conticsi-viracocha(He who gives Origin). Peruvian conception of the creative agency,304

Conti-suyu.One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru,255

Copacahuana.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298

Copacati.Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca,298

Copal.Prince; in legend of foundation of Mexico,28

Copan.Maya city; sculptural remains at,196;evidence at, of a new racial type,196–197

Coricancha(Town of Gold). Temple of the sun at Cuzco,260–262;built by Pachacutic,286;image of the thunder-god in,300

Cortés.Lands at Vera Cruz,7;mistaken for Quetzalcoatl,7,80;the incident of the death of his horse at Peten-Itza,195

Cotzbalam.Bird in the Kiche story of the creation,209

Coxoh Choldialect,145

Coyohuacan.Mexican city,50

Coyolxauhqui.Daughter of Coatlicue,70–72

Coyotl inaual.A god of the Amantecas; and Quetzalcoatl,79

Cozaana.A Zapotec deity; in creation-myth,121

Cozcaapa(Water of Precious Stones). A fountain; in a Quetzalcoatl myth,65

Cozcatzin Codex,92

Cozumel.The island of,154

Creation.Mexican conceptions of,118–120;the legend given by Ixtlilxochitl,119–120;the Mixtec legend of,120–121;the Zapotec legend of,121–122;the Kiche story of, in thePopol Vuh,209;of man, thePopol Vuhmyth of,229–230;of man, a Peruvian myth of,256;the Inca conception of,257–258,305;local Peruvian myths,258–259

Cross, The.A symbol of the four winds in Mexico and Peru,273;account of the discovery of a wooden,274–275

Cuchumaquiq.Father of Xquiq; inPopol Vuhmyth,222

Cuitlavacas.Aztec tribe,233

Curi-Coyllur(Joyful Star). Daughter of Yupanqui Pachacutic; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253

Cuycha.Peruvian name for the rainbow; temple of, at Cuzco,262

Cuzco(Navel of the Universe). The ancient capital of the Incas,248;and the racial division of Peru,255;in the legend of Manco Ccapac,256;a great culture-centre,256;founded by the sun-god,258;the Coricancha at,260–262;power under Pachacutic,285

Back to Index Next