Workers in Indian mythology and linguistics have in some instances created a phonology of their own for the several languages in which they wrought. But, generally speaking, the majority of Indian names, both of places and individuals, should be pronounced as spelt, the spelling being that of persons used to transcribing native diction and as a rule representing the veritable Indian pronunciation of the word.
Among the North American Indians we find languages both harsh and soft. Harshness produced by a clustering of consonants is peculiar to the north-west coast of America, while the Mississippi basin and California possess languages rich in sonorous sounds. A slurring of terminal syllables is peculiar to many American tongues.
The vocabularies of American languages are by no means scanty, as is often mistakenly supposed, and their grammatical structure is intricate and systematic. The commonest traits in American languages are the vagueness of demarcation between the noun and verb, the use of the intransitive form of the verb for the adjective, and the compound character of independent pronouns. A large number of ideas are expressed by means of either affixes or stem-modification. On account of the frequent occurrence of such elements American languages have been classed as 'polysynthetic.'
A
ABNAKI, A tribe of the Algonquian stock,25
ABORIGINES, AMERICAN. Theories as to the origin of,5-13,17-22
ACAGCHEMEM. A Californian people; myths of,350-355
ADAM OF BREMEN. And Norse voyages to America,16
AÉ. The first woman, in an Acagchemem creation-myth,353
AHSONNUTLI. Principal deity of the Navaho, called the Turquoise Man-woman,121-122
AKAIYAN. A brave; in Algonquian legend of the origin of the Beaver Medicine,184-187
ALEUTIAN INDIANS. Custom of, resembles that of Asiatic tribe,11
ALGON. A hunter; in the story of the Star-maiden,152-156
ALGONQUIAN STOCK. An ethnic division of the American Indians,24-27
ALGONQUINS. The name applied to members of the Algonquian stock,24n.; tribes and distribution of,24-25; early history,25; an advanced people,26; costume of,58; marriage-customs of,73; creation-myth of,107-108; belief of, respecting birds,110; belief of, respecting lightning,112; and the owl,111; and the serpent of the Great Lakes,113; Michabo the chief deity of,119-120; and the soul's journey after death,129; the festivals of,133; dialect of the priests of,136; myths and legends of,141-216; conflict with the Caniengas,225, subdued by the Iroquois,227; and the King of Rattlesnakes,248
ALLOUEZ, FATHER. Incident connected with, related by Brinton,100-101
AMERICA. Origin of man in,5-22; resemblance between tribes of, and those of Asia,6,10-12; discoveries of prehistoric remains in,7-10; early communication between Asia and, 6,12
ANAYICOYONDI. A goddess of the Pericues, wife of Niparaya,355
ANIMISM,80
ANNIMIKENS. A brave; hunting adventure of,55
APACHES. A tribe of the Athapascan stock,22; of Arizona, houses of,47; costume of,59; fetishes of,89-90; and the points of the compass,131
APALACHEES. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock,27
APISIRAHTS (The Morning Star). Son of the Sun-god, in Blackfoot myth; in the stories of Scar-face, or Poïa,198-205
ARAPAHO. A tribe of the Algonquian stock,25; dwellings of,48
ARGALL, CAPTAIN SAMUEL. Mentioned in the story of Pocahontas,32,36
ARIKARA. A tribe of the Caddoan stock,28
ART, INDIAN,62-63
ASGAYA GIGAGEI (Red Man). A thunder-god of the Cherokees,126
ASHOCHIMI. A Californian tribe; Coyote, a deity of,124
ASIA. Ethnological relationship between America and,6,10-13
ASSINIBOINS. A tribe of the Siouan stock,28; their method of cooking flesh,11
ATHAPASCANS. An ethnic division of the American Indians,22-23; costume of,58; and the soul's journey after death,129
ATIUS TIRÁWA. Principal deity of the Pawnees,122; in the story of the Sacred Bundle,307; in the story of the Bear-man,308,310,311
ATOTARHO. A legendary hero of the Iroquois, chieftain of the Onondagas,217,225-226; Hiawatha a warrior under,225; at first opposes Hiawatha's federation scheme, but later joins in it,226
ATTAJEN (Man, or Rational Being). In Acagchemem myth, a semi-divine being, a benefactor of the human race,354
AUGHEY, DR. Prehistoric remains discovered by,8
AUZAR. In Acagchemem myth, reputed mother of Ouiamot,354
AWONAWILONA (Maker and Container of All). The Zuñi creative deity,106,121
AZTECS. An aboriginal American race; the Shoshoneans related to,29
B
BABEENS. A tribe of the Athapascan stock; carvings of,63
BANCROFT, H. H. On the mythological beliefs of the Californian tribes,348-350; on the beliefs of the Tinneh,357-358
BARTRAM, W. On the priesthood of the Creeks,136
BEAR DANCE. Pawnee ceremonial; story of the originator of the,308-311
BEAR, THE GREAT. In Blackfoot legend of the origin of the Bear-spear,188-190
BEAR-MAN. The story of the,308-311
BEAR-SPEAR. Blackfoot legend of the origin of,187-190
BEARSKIN-WOMAN. The story of,182-184
BEAVER. I. A creative deity of the Sioux, chief of the Beaver family; Ictinike and,269-270,271. II. In Haida myth; story of the feud between Porcupine and,318-320
BEAVER, THE GREAT (Quah-beet). Algonquian totem-deity; in myth of Glooskap and Malsum,142; in legend of origin of the Beaver Medicine,185-187
BEAVER, LITTLE. In legend of origin of the Beaver Medicine,185-187
BEAVER MEDICINE. Legend of the origin of,184-187
BEAVER PEOPLE. The beavers personified, in Haida myth; in the story of Beaver and Porcupine,318-320
BIG WATER. The Pacific Ocean; in the story of Scar-face,203
BIRD, THE. In Indian mythology,109-111
BLACK TORTOISE, TOMB OF THE. An earth-mound,19-20
BLACKFEET. A tribe of the Algonquian stock,24,25; legends of,182-184,187-190,193-212; the Sun Dance of,204; Nápi, the creative deity of,205
BLUE JAY. A mischievous totem-deity of the Chinooks,124-125,323; stories of, and his sister Ioi,323-327; and the Supernatural People,323-324,327,329-332,339-340; in the story of Stikŭa,342-348
BOAS, FRANZ. Extract from version of the Coyote myth related by,124
BOSCANA, FATHER GERÓNIMO. On the beliefs of Californian tribes,350-354
BOURBEUSE RIVER. Prehistoric remains discovered at,7
BOURKE, J. G. Description of an Apache fetish by,89-90; on 'phylacteries' (fetishes),90
BOY MAGICIAN. The story of the,238-242
BRÉBEUF, FATHER. Incident connected with, related by Brinton,100; and the after-life of the Indians,130
BRINTON, D. G. On the Shoshoneans,29; extract from translation of theWallum-Olumby,77-78; on the religion of the Indians,97-101; on Indian 'good' and 'bad' gods,104-105; on Indian veneration of the eagle,110-111
BRUYAS, FATHER. Mentioned,104
BUFFALO DANCE. A festival of the Mandans,134-135
BUFFALO-STEALER. The legend of,208-212
BUNDLES, SACRED. Collections of articles supposed to possess magical potency,92,308
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY. Quotations fromBulletinsof,17,21,45-49,55-59
BURIAL CUSTOMS, INDIAN,128
BUSK. A contraction for Pushkita, name of a Creek festival,133-134
BWOINAIS. A Chippeway warrior; war-songs of,71-72
C
CADDO. I. An ethnic division of the American Indians,28,304. II. A tribe forming a part of the stock of the same name,28
CAHROCS. A Californian tribe; deities of,349-350
'CALAVERAS' SKULL. Prehistoric relic; discovery of,8
CALIFORNIA. Prehistoric remains discovered in,8; the tribes of, diversity among,348; mythological beliefs of the tribes of,348-356
CANIENGAS. One of the two political divisions of the Iroquois family,225
CARVER, CAPTAIN JONATHAN. On Sioux methods of reckoning time,132
CATLIN, G. On the Pipe-stone Quarry,116,117-118
CAYUGAS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock,224
CHÁCOPEE, or WHITE FEATHER. A Sioux hero; the story of,296-301
CHAREYA (The Old Man Above). Deity of the Cahrocs,350
CHARLEVOIX, P. On incident relating to origin of the Indians,12
CHEROKEES. A tribe of the Iroquois stock,23; as mound-builders,21; and the eagle,111; and the owl,111; hunter- and thunder-gods of,125-126; and the points of the compass,131; and the priesthood,136; dialect of the priesthood of,136; subdued by the Iroquois,227; the Iroquois attacks on,246; and the King of Rattlesnakes,248; their legend of the origin of medicine,249-251
CHEYENNE. A tribe of the Algonquian stock,25; the great tribal fetish of,91
CHICKASAWS. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock,27; and earth-mounds,21
CHILKAT. A tribe of the Thlingit stock; costume of,58
CHIMPSEYANS. An ethnic division of the American Indians; carvings of,63
CHINIGCHINICH (Almighty). Deity of the Acagchemems, called also Ouiamot,352,354-355
CHINOOKS. A tribe of the Chinookan stock,322; Coyote a principal deity of,123,124; Blue Jay a deity of,124; mode of burial of,128; belief of, regarding the soul,129; cranial deformation among,322; myths of,322-348; story of their contests with the Supernatural People,329-332
CHIPPEWAYS, or OJIBWAYS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock,25; dwellings of,48; carvings of,63; called 'Pillagers,'68; war-customs of,68-69; a legend of,152-156; Manabozho (or Michabo a demi-god of,223
CHOCTAWS. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock,27; cranial deformation among,27; dialect of the priesthood of,136
CHURCH, CAPTAIN BENJAMIN. One of the early settlers; his methods in fighting the Indians,31
CHUTSAIN. A malevolent spirit of the Tinneh,358
CITY OF THE MISTS. Home of Po-shai-an-K'ia, the father of the Zuñi 'medicine' societies,95
CLALLAMS. A tribe of the Salish stock; carvings of,63
CLARKE, J. On the Pipe-stone Quarry,116-117
CLIFF- AND ROCK-DWELLINGS,48-49
CLOUD-CARRIER. The story of,156-159
COCOPA. A tribe of the Yuman stock; dwellings of,47; costume of,59
COLORADO. Prehistoric remains discovered in,8
COLOURS. The Indians and,60-62
COLUMBUS. And the Discovery,1,2
COMANCHES. A tribe of the Shoshonean stock,28; dwellings of,48
COMMUNITY HOUSES,45-47
COMPASS, POINTS OF THE. Significance to the Indians,131
CONANT, A. J. On the group of earth-mounds in Minnesota,20
CONQUEROR, THE. A deity mentioned in the myth of Coyote and Kodoyanpe,123
COSTUME OF THE INDIANS,55-59
COUNTRY OF THE GHOSTS. Same as Spirit-land,which see
COYOTE.SeeItalapas
COYOTE PEOPLE, THE GREAT. A Zuñi clan,95-96
CRANIAL DEFORMATION. Practised among the Muskhogeans,27; among the Choctaws,27; among the Chinooks,322
CREATION-MYTHS,106-109,350-353
CREEKS. A tribe of the Muskhogean stock,27; and earth-mounds,21; and the eagle, no; and the owl,111; Esaugetuh Emissee, the chief deity of,122; the Pushkita, a festival of,133-134; the priests of,136
CREES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock,25; legend of origin of their Young Dog Dance,190-193; how they caught eagles,190-191
CROWS. A tribe of the Siouan stock; in a Blackfoot legend,193-196
D
DAKOTA. An ethnic division of the American Indians, same as Sioux,which see
DAY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE FETISHES. A Zuñi fetish festival,96
DAY-AND-NIGHT MYTH. A Blackfoot,205-208
DEKANEWIDAH. A Mohawk chieftain; assists Hiawatha in his federation scheme,226
DELAWARES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock,25; in the story of Frances Slocum,37-38,41
DÉNÉ. Same as Tinneh,which see
DEVIL. In Indian mythology,349
DEVIL DANCES,135
DEVIL'S CASTLE. Place in Siskiyou, California; regarded by natives as abode of malignant spirits,349
DEVIL-FISH. Supernatural beings in Haida myth; story of an Indian and the daughter of a,320-321
DEVOURING HILL. The story of the Rabbit and the,302-303
DICKSON, DR. Discovery of prehistoric remains by,7
DIGHTON WRITING ROCK,16
DJŪ. A river mentioned in Haida myth,314
DOGRIB INDIANS. A tribe of the Athapascan stock; myth of heaven-climber resembles that of Ugrian tribes of Asia,11
DROWNED CHILD. The story of the,285-287
DWELLINGS, INDIAN,45-49
E
EAGLE. Indian veneration for,110-111
EJONI. The first man, in an Acagchemem creation-myth,353
ELEGANT. An Indian beau; in the story of Handsome,160-162
ENO (Thief and Cannibal). A name of Coyote among the Acagchemem tribes,351
ES-TONEA-PESTA (The Lord of Cold Weather). In the story of the Snow-lodge,151-152
ESAUGETUH EMISSEE (Master of Breath). Supreme deity of the Muskhogees,122; in creation-myth,108
EYACQUE (Sub-captain). A name of Coyote among the Acagchemem tribes,351
F
FACE-PAINTING,59-62
FAIRY WIVES. The story of the,170-175
FEATHER-WOMAN. A beautiful maiden; in the legend of Poïa,200-203
FEATHER-WORK. Indian skill in,63
FESTIVALS, INDIAN,133-135
FETISHISM. Swanton on totemism and,84-85; origin and nature of the fetish,87-89; Apache fetishes,89-90; Iroquoian fetishes,91; Huron fetishes,91; Algonquian fetishes,91; the Cheyenne tribal fetish,91; Hidatsa fetishes,92; Siouan fetishes,92; Hopi fetishes,92-93; Zuñi fetishism,93-97; fetishism associated with totemism,93
FEWKES, J. W. And fetishes of the Hopi,92
FINE-WEATHER-WOMAN. Haida storm-deity; in the myth of the origin of certain demi-gods,314; origin of, as the mother of Sîñ,314-316
FIVE NATIONS, THE. A federation of the Iroquois, called also the Grand League,23,24; the tribes composing,23,224-225; Hiawatha the founder of the league,23; influence upon European history,223,227; called also Six Nations and Seven Nations,224; Hiawatha's early efforts toward federation,225; the federation inaugurated, and completed,226; growth of the power of,227; the Peace Queen appointed by,263; the office of Peace Queen abolished,265
FLATHEADS. Name applied to the Choctaws by the whites,27
FLETCHER, Miss A. C. On dwellings of the Omaha,48
FLYING SQUIRREL. A creative deity of the Sioux; Ictinike and,271
FOXES. A tribe of the Algonquian stock,25,71
FRIENDLY SKELETON. The story of the,242-246
FUTURE LIFE. The Indian idea of,127
G
GÉBELIN, COURT DE. And the Dighton Writing Rock,16
GENETASKA. A Peace Queen; the legend of,262-265
GHOST PEOPLE. The souls of the dead, the inhabitants of Spirit-land,129,130; Ioi and Blue Jay among,324-326,327
GHOST-LAND. Same as Spirit-land,which see
GILA-SONORA. An ethnic division of the American Indians; costume of,59
GITSHE IAWBA. A Chippeway brave; hunting exploit of,54-55
GLOOSKAP (The Liar). A creative deity of the Algonquins, twin with Malsum,141; his contest with Malsum,141-142; resembles the Scandinavian Balder,142; creates man,143; contest with Win-pe,143-144; his gifts to man,144-145; and Wasis, the baby,145-146; leaves the earth,146-147; a sun-god,147; and Summer and Winter,147-149; his 'wig-wam,'149
GOD. The Indian idea of,101
GODS, INDIAN. Character of,103-105; description of the principal,118-126
GRAND COUNCIL of the Five Nations,224,226
GRAND LEAGUE, or KAYANERENH KOWA. A federation of the Iroquois, known also as the Five Nations.See underFive Nations
GREAT DOG. A totem-deity,137
GREAT EAGLE. A totem-deity,137
GREAT HEAD. A malevolent being, in Iroquois myth; a legend of,232-235
GREAT MAN. Name for a chief deity among Californian tribes,348
GREAT SPIRIT THE, or MANITO. Supreme Indian deity; and the origin of smoking,116
GREAT WATER. The Pacific; in the story of the Snake-wife,290,292
GREATEST FOOL. Supernatural being in Haida myth; in the story of Master-carpenter and South-east,317
GREENLAND. Early voyages from, to America,13,14-16
H
HAIDA. A tribe of the Skittagetan stock; houses of,46-47; myths and legends of,312-321
HAMPTON INSTITUTE. And education of the Indians,79
HANDSOME. A beautiful maiden; the story of,159-162
HAOKAH. Thunder-god of the Sioux,125
'HARRYING OF HADES.' American Indian myth provides examples of,332,340-341
HEALING WATERS. The legend of the,257-260
HELLU-LAND (Land of Flat Stones). In legend of Norse voyage to America,14,15
HERBERT, SIR THOMAS. HisTravelsquoted,4-5
HERJULFSON, BIARNE. And the Norse discovery of America,13-14
HIAWATHA (more properly HAI-EN-WAT-HA; = He who seeks the Wampum-belt). A legendary hero of the Iroquois,217,223-228; represented also as of Algonquian race,223; effect of Longfellow's poem on the history of,223; Longfellow's confusion in identity of,223; historical basis for the legends,223; founder of the League of the Five Nations,223-224; a warrior under Atotarho,225; his plans for federation,225; adopted into the Mohawk tribe,226; his scheme consummated,226
HIDATSA. A tribe of the Sioux; fetishes of,92; have no belief in a devil or hell,104
HI'NUN. Thunder-god of the Iroquois,217; myths relating to,218-222; great veneration for,222
HOBBAMOCK, Or HOBBAMOQUI (Great). Beneficent Indian deity,105
HOFFMANN, W. J. On Algonquian fetishes,91
HOGAN. An Indian dwelling,49
HOPI, or MOQUI. A tribe of the Shoshonean stock; as cotton-weavers,56,73; fetishes of,92-93; festivals of,135
HUNTING, INDIAN,50-55
HUPA. A tribe of the Athapascan stock; costume of,59; method of reckoning age,133
HURONS. A tribe of the Iroquois stock,23; marriage among,73; fetishes of,91; the dove regarded as sacred by,111; and the soul's journey after death,129; originally one people with the Iroquois,224; in the conflict between the Caniengas and Algonquins,225; war with the Onondagas,225; annihilated by the Iroquois,227; a legend of,248
I
ICE-COUNTRY. In Algonquian myth,147
ICTINIKE. An evil spirit, in Sioux myth; adventures of,266-271
ILLINOIS. A tribe of the Algonquian stock; in a Seneca legend,236-238
'INDIAN.' The name wrongly applied to the North American races,1
INDIANA. Primitive implements found in,7; earth-mounds found in,17,18
INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN. The theory that they came from the East,1-2; early controversy as to origin of,2-3; identified with the lost Ten Tribes,3; other theories of origin of,4; theory of their Welsh origin,4-5; origination of American man in the Old World,5-6; scientific data relating to origin of,5-13,17-22; affinities with Siberian peoples,10-12; probably migrants from Asia,12-13; ethnic divisions of,22-29; geographical distribution of the tribes of,22-29; industry of,26; early wars between whites and,29-31; early relationship with whites,29-30; deportation of, as slaves,31; confinement of, to 'reservations,'31-32; stories of whites and,32-45; and kidnapping of white children,36-45; dwellings of,45-49; tribal law and custom among,50; hunting among,50-55; dress of,55-59; and face-painting,59-62; and colours,60-62; art of,62-63; war-customs of,63-72; position of women among,72-73; marriage among,73; and child-life,73-74; and totemism,74-76,80-87; picture-writing among,76-78; enlightenment of,79,360; and fetishism,87-97; and religion,97-105,140; ideas of God,101; character of gods of,103-105; creation-myths of,106-109; serpent- and bird-worship among,109-115; and the use of tobacco,115-118; the gods of,118-126; and ideas of a future life,127-128; burial customs of,128; and the soul's journey after death,129; and the spirit-world,129-130,139-140; reverence for the four points of the compass,131; methods of time-reckoning,131-133; festivals of,132,133-135; the medicine-men of,135-140; original character of the mythologies of,359; worthiness of the race,359-360
IOI. A deity of the Chinooks, sister of Blue Jay; stories of,323-327
IOSKEHA (White One). One of the twin-gods of the Iroquois,121
IOWA. I. The State; prehistoric remains discovered in,8. II. A tribe of the Sioux stock,266; legends of,266-271
IROQUOIS (Real Adders). An ethnic division of the American Indians, called also Long House People,23-24,224; the Five Nations of,23,24,223-227; community houses of,45; costume of,58; marriage customs of,73; name for fetish,85; and the serpent of the Great Lakes,113; the twin-gods of,121; and the soul's journey after death,129; myths and legends of,217-265; Hi'nun, the chief deity of,217; Hiawatha, a mythical hero of,217; originally one people with the Hurons,224; the two political branches of,224-225; growth of the power of,227