It is not mine,too-she-dah.
It is not thine,too-in-dee-dah.
It is not his or hers,too-pee-dah.
These,tee-hay-ah.
Those,ah-wayh-hay-yah.
SPEECH IN THE MESCALERO DIALECT.
As a further illustration, I give a speech made by General Carleton during an interview with the Mescaleros, which was translated and written down at the time by Col. Cremony.
Nah-heedn day nah goodnltay;(Your people are bad;)toogo take headah;(they have not kept faith;)bayay geah gontay;(they are treacherous;)schlee nahhah goh inay een;(they have stolen our horses;)nahgah godilt say;(they have murdered our people;)nahhannah gwinheay endah ah tay;(they must make amends;)too nahhan neet ee dah;(they must cease troubling us;)tah nakee ahendah adenh dee;(they must obey our orders;)nah schleen nahhannah weedah ayl;(they must restore our animals;)han eganday(they must)nahhannah goee dalt yeal;(give up the murderers;)enday nahhah hitjash(they must give us)toohayago andadah;(hostages;)alkeedah llaynah ildee;(let them remember past times;)eschlanay(they were)vaygo daht eel;(numerous and powerful;)saylth lee goh-pee;(they held all the sierras;)taat hooay takee(they occupied all)anah goh kah;(the water-holes;)tah golkahay takay ikay goon lee;(they were masters of the plains;)tash lainah too nelchedah.(none made them afraid.)Ako ahn day hahdah?(Where are they now?)Eeyah veeahkah tsay nogoshee 'n nilt ee?(Why do they hide behind rocks?)Nakay eeah(Where is their)haddah?(possession?)Bahyay kay 'n nilt ee?(Why do they hide like coyotes?)She aghan iltisch(I will tell)in dee;(them why;)taykay indah nash lee;(they have been enemies to all other people;)taykay ay(they have made)veeakah nah hindah;(all other people their enemies;)tahnahhe elchindah nah hee;(they have made enemies of each other;)tannahee eedaltsay ayveeahkah hee nahindah;(they have lived by robbery and murder;)too nah(they have)yah seedah;(not worked;)tah nalkoneeay vickaygo tee en nahseego;(idleness breeds want;)tee en nahseego chin nah hilt yeeay;(want breeds hunger;)chevilheeaygo(hunger)vilkonyeago takhoogo ont yeal;(and idleness breed crime;)yont hooaygo anaht eel;(they have committed crimes;)takhoogo ninis yah;(the punishment has fallen on them;)aghon ahltay koohaygo naht lee;(their thousands have become hundreds;)elchinalcheego vickeah golt seel;(we speak harsh truths;)nahee vah ahtee(we speak so only for)elchinahtee;(their good;)naschayhay too ahnah lahdah;(we have no vengeance in our hearts;)Elchinalcheego inklees andah 'n june;(Our talk is hard but good;)nah kashee(let them)vanan an keeays;(reflect upon it;)anahtay kahdayah too wakhahdah;(let them change their ways;)innee nahl ash lah;(let them cultivate the earth;)ilk jeel eego andah 'n june.(let them be a strong but a good people.[II'-67])
Mr Dorr, writing in theOverland Monthly, makes an erroneous assertion that the Apache and Zuñi languages are the same, "differing only in accent, intonation, and cadence, they understand each other without difficulty. The Zuñi, or Apache language is very flexible andsuave, and may at some time have been the Court language of the ancient races. It is often as expressive of fine shades of distinction as even the Greek itself. It preserves—in theadytaof its wonderful radicals—the traditional duality of the human race: its dual, as well as singular and plural, forms of speech."[II'-68]
Vater intimates a relationship between the Apaches and the Pawnees, and that chiefly on the ground of a similarity in the names Pawnees and Lipanes.[II'-69]
Pimentel gives a Lord's Prayer in the Lipan dialect, which will serve as a specimen of the language:
'Cutall nezlló ezllá anel ti qui Llatá; setezdanela net agá nautela; nosesene nda tendajé lle agá tandé: tanzanenda agá atanclaju, senegui ti ezllza glezi, aj ullú ti lle lata; Lle tulatan nezllé ja lagé tatichi anizané tatichi en gucecen dé joullé vandaezhé lenegui ajullú da yé nachezonllé tenagé vandaezhec en ne zto agatenjá tendá tlez ti tezchupanen da glicóa genechi te najacengli Gaache lyé net.'[II'-70]
TINNEH VOCABULARY.
The Navajos, or Apache Navajos, of New Mexico, like the northern Tinneh, call themselves Tennai, men. Their dialect approaches the Xicarilla Apache, and Mr Eaton even asserts that it is about the same.[II'-71]Pike mentions the Nanahaws, which name is probably intended for Navajos, as no other account can be found of such a people.
COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF THE TINNEH FAMILY.
The Haidah, its Construction and Conjugation—The Nass Language and its Dialects—Bellacoola and Chimsyan Comparisons—The Nootka Languages of Vancouver Island—Nanaimo Ten Commandments and Lord's Prayer—Aztec Analogies—Fraser and Thompson River Languages—The Neetlakapamuck Grammar and Lord's Prayer—Sound Languages—The Salish Family—Flathead Grammar and Lord's Prayer—The Kootenai—The Sahaptin Family—Nez Percé Grammar—Yakima Lord's Prayer—Sahaptin State and Slave Languages—The Chinook Family—Grammar of the Chinook Language—Aztec Affinities—The Chinook Jargon.
Returned from the south, whither we were led by the Apache branch of the Tinneh family, let us examine the languages of our Columbian group. Next along the seaboard, south of the Thlinkeets, are the Haidahs and Kaiganies, whose language is spoken on the southern part of the Prince of Wales Archipelago, and on Queen Charlotte Island. This language is sometimes called Haidah, and sometimes Kaiganie,[III'-1]and although many tribes belong to these nations, I find among them no dialectic difference, except that between the Haidahs of Queen Charlotte Island and the Kaiganies of the Prince of Wales Archipelago.
Marchand claims that this language is understood bythe Thlinkeets and other eastern tribes;[III'-2]Capt. Dixon thinks it is a distinct and separate tongue;[III'-3]Scouler makes one large northern family, which he says spreads "from the Arctic Circle to the northern extremity of Quadra and Vancouver's Island;"[III'-4]Radloff's comparative researches incline him to the opinion that, although there may be a few similarities in words between this and other idioms, as, for example, the Thlinkeet, they are yet insufficient to prove identity.[III'-5]
THE HAIDAH AND KAIGANIE.
Some of those who have heard the Haidahs speak, say that their language is uncouth and difficult to articulate, abounding in consonants, and with a labial and dental pronunciation;[III'-6]others affirm that it does not possess the hard aspirated consonants so frequently found in the Thlinkeet language, that it is richer in vowels and softer, though, like the Thlinkeet, it is wanting in labials, in the dentalr, and in the gutturall, while the Haidah has the clearl.[III'-7]The Haidah language lacks the lettersb,p,f, and the dentalr; neither its substantives nor adjectives have any gender, and to express the femininethe worddshetta, woman, is added.Itlk dshetta, wife of the chief;ha, dog;ha dshetta, slut. Neither is there any particular expression for the plural.Kjéganei, my house;kjeganei tljönxl lágun, my three houses are good;tön dsha, thy wife;tön dsha s'töng hána, thy two wives are both pretty. Two exceptions have been mentioned;—gjeà , mast;gjeà ng hlöhnhl, three masts;hätä, man (homo);hátei, men. Substantives are not declined, but remain unchanged in all cases.Hantl, water;hall hantl, bring water;tlu, boat;tlu tön gistasa, I give thee a boat;katt, deer;katt hutsu ziggin, I have a small deer;slei, hand;hall tön slei, give thy hand. Pronouns are either distinct words, or are prefixes to substantives and verbs. Prefixes also denote the possessive case. To the former class belonghtlä, I; andtonga, thou. To the latter belongte,ti,de,di,zi,kje,teea,tl,t, mine, all of which are used in the first person singular. Second person singular,töng,tön,ten, thine; second person plural,töllöng, yours.
Of the conjugation of the verb, the following may serve as example: Present indicative—I am hungry,tekutke; thou art hungry,töng khúttus; he is hungry,law khúttung; we are hungry,itl khúttung; you are hungry,töllöng khúttus; they are hungry,únnas khúttung. Root words are not of great length. The larger part are words of one or two syllables; some are of three or four, but these are rare; nevertheless, words may be agglutinated to any length.[III'-8]
The Nass language is spoken with very slight differences by the Nass, Hailtzas, and Sebassas, who dwell around Observatory Inlet, Millbank Sound, and the islands of Pitt Archipelago, respectively. Harsh sounds and gutturals predominate.[III'-9]The personal pronouns are—nookwa, I;cusho, thou;nesho, mine;cusho, thine;nookwintok, we;kycusko, ye;caigh qua, he;elee caigh qua, they.[III'-10]
Dunn gives a few sentences, which I insert as specimens:whealey lowels kussú, where are you going?howmithlem pooquialla iltsouk, do you understand our language?lowels, cah cúnter cah mÃllah, go shoot deer.[III'-11]
BELLACOOLA AND CHIMSYAN.
In the immediate vicinity of the Nass are two other languages, the Bellacoola and Chimsyan, of which hardly anything is known. Tolmie supposes the Chimsyan to be related to the Tacully language, but Buschmann, on comparing the vocabularies, could not find the affinity. The Rev. Mr Good informs me that the Chimsyan tongue extends inland as far as Fraser and Stuart Lake.[III'-12]Compare the following words:
The Hailtzas and the Bellacoolas have the following words in common;—watz, dog;poe, halibut;tlah, black bear;nun, grizzly bear.[III'-13]
LANGUAGES OF VANCOUVER ISLAND.
On Vancouver Island a multitude of dialects are spoken, and various and contradictory classifications have been made, none of which, in my opinion, are correct. From the evidence, dialetic diversity prevails to such an extent that almost every petty tribe has its idiom; so that, even if affinities do exist, sufficient to justify a classification into languages and dialects, so meagre is our knowledge that it is impossible in many instances to say which are languages and which dialects. Hencein my classification I cannot do better than to make of the Nootka one language, and give a list of the dialects on the island, with all the information concerning them at my command. Four languages of the island—the Quackoll in the north, the Cowichin on the east, the Clallam at the south, and the Makah on the west, are said to be "totally distinct from each other, both in sound, formation, and modes of expression." The one last mentioned is said to bear some affinity to the language spoken at the mouth of the Columbia River,[III'-14]and is called by Sproat the Aht language, for which he claims in like manner that it "can be traced through all the tribes on the ocean coast, as far south as the mouth of the Columbia." The Comux, which people he locates on the east coast between the Cowichins and Quackolls, migrated thither, he says, from the main land, and the tribes "do not readily understand one another's language;" from all of which we may infer that in reality there is only one language, of which these four are the chief dialects.[III'-15]Yet this is partially contradicted by Grant, who affirms that the Cowichins and Clallams can communicate with each other, though not very easily, but that the Makahs and Quackolls cannot converse with each other or with any of the other nations.[III'-16]Another authority, who certainly ought to be entitled to an opinion, having been a captive among these nations for some years, also intimates that in reality there was only one language dominant on the island. After enumerating the different tribes he concludes; "all of whom speak the same language. But the Newchemass who come from a great way Northward, and from some distance inland, speak quite a different language, although it is well understood by those of Nootka."[III'-17]
National differences appear to consist more in pronunciation than in grammatical construction. Thus the articulation of the Klaizzahts is hoarser and more guttural than that of the people of Nootka Sound.[III'-18]Dialectic differences sometimes go so far that the several bands of the same tribe find difficulty in making themselves understood; as for instance the Nitinaht tribes when conversing with one another, have frequently to repeat their sentences differently accented to make them intelligible. The chief peculiarity of the Nitinaht dialect is the transmutation of the lettersmandn, which are in universal use throughout the island, for which it substitutesbandd. Thus formamook, to work, the Nitinahts saybaboik;nismah, country, they pronouncedissibach, and so on.[III'-19]
As compared with that of the Thlinkeets, the Nootka language is neither harsh nor disagreeable. Its most curious feature is the predominance of labials and dentals over gutturals. The Nootkas possess fine oratorical powers, lending assistance to their words by shaking their head, gesticulating forcibly, and even jumping at each other. A singular sound, and one which it is hardly possible to express by any combination of letters, happens in many of their words. Spreading the corners of the mouth to their widest extent, and raising the point of the tongue against the palate, they expel the air from the sides of the mouth, at the same time bringingthe tongue down strongly, which obviously produces a sound altogether foreign to the English vocabulary. Captain Cook says of this sound, "it is formed, in a particular manner, by clashing the tongue partly against the roof of the mouth, with considerable force; and may be compared to a very coarse or harsh method of lisping," and he attempts to give the sound by the letterslszthl. Many words end with this sound, and also with atl,z, orss;—asopulszthl, sun;onulszthl, moon;kahsheetl, dead;teeshcheetl, to throw a stone;kooomitz, a human skull;quahmiss, fish-roe. Captain Cook further remarks upon their language that it "can only be inferred, from their method of speaking, which is very slow and distinct, that it has few prepositions or conjunctions; and, as far as we could discover, is destitute of even a single interjection, to express admiration or surprize."[III'-20]
Furthermore, I may add, there is no case, nor gender, nor tense, and number is expressed only in the personal pronoun and in the inflection of verbs. In the first persons singular and plural, verbs end inaormah; in the second persons,hukorayts; and in the third persons, inmah,win, orutlma. Sometimes these endings go over to the adverb which accompanies the verb, and they are subject to phonetic rules, according to which syllables are sometimes changed or left out altogether. We havewik, not; andkumotop, to understand;wikahkumotoporwimmutomah, I do not understand; the latter mode being a change for the sake of euphony. Plurals, and particularly frequentative plurals, are expressed by duplication: asmahteormahs, house;mahtmahs, all the houses. Different classes of words appear to have different terminals: for example, instruments end withik—hukkaik, a knife;hissik, a saw. Colors end inukorook—eyyohquk,green;kistokkuk, blue;klayhook, purple;kleesook, white;toopkook, black.Hissit, red, forms an exception. Trees and plants end inpt—kowwhipt,seewhipt,ootsmupt,klakkupt, etc. Verbs end inshitl,shetl, andchitl, although some exceptions occur. Another distinctive ending isup—châtayup, to cut off with a knife;kââsup, to hurt or wound;hyyusatyup, to diminish;ashsup, to break a string or cord;quoyup, to break a stick, etc.[III'-21]As a specimen of the language, I give the first three of the Ten Commandments, and the Lord's Prayer, in the dialect of the Nanaimos.[III'-22]
NANAIMO COMMANDMENTS.
NUTSA.
Owa tonowa quinet ta eesaila tseetsel seeam, ohi tanca tseetsel seeam.
EESAILA.
Owa tanowa seeise ta seeathl sta ta stem nay quo tseetsel, sta ta stem aitna tomuck, e sta ta stem nay ta ka, kokoo taswa tseetsel seeam owa tanowa cappausom e stayweeil ta sta, ohi tanca tseetsel seeam. Towhat oyas kullstuck, tanca ouseete tanca quaquat e towhat ighstuck tanca e oyas shatlm tanswan squell oseete tanca igh lalamat.
TLEEUGH.
Owa tanowa heewaulim ta squish quo tseetsel seeam oseete tseetsel seeam quaquasaum towhat oyas sta.
TA KALHEM TA JESUKIT.
Saulth man nay quo tseetsel igh telneemelth oyas stlay stuck ta statsn squish. Tel-neemelth ohi stlay tanowa sthee seeam nay toumuck tomuck. Igh taswa mestiu shatlm ta squell aitna tomuck sta ta tseetsel mestiu. Tana quial e muck squial mistook ta saulth saulthan. Igh tanowa nahi tataeuk whawa telneemelth e ta saulth kull squiaxits sta telneemelth nahi tataeukwhunem toumuck mestiu kull squiaxits whawa telneemelth. Igh telneemelth owanam ethlkalth ta kull, igh tanowa awistuck etha igh. Ohi tanowa oonans sthee seeam, tanowa ohi sthee quamqum telneemelth ohi cappausom high quo tanowa oyas oyas. Amen.
From certain interpretations placed upon the ancient Aztec manuscripts, it was by some inferred that the origin of that people must be sought in the north; hence speculative philologists have, from time to time, discovered many fancied resemblances between the language of the aboriginal Mexicans and those of various northern nations. Thus, in the speech of the Nootkas, a distinct phonetic resemblance, and the frequent occurrence of the endingtlwere sufficient evidence to Vater and others that a relationship exists between the Aztecs and the Nootkas. Prescott, following his predecessors, fell into the same error. Humboldt, although struck with the similarities mentioned, yet pronounced them different tongues,[III'-23]while Buschmann, who has examined the subject more than all others combined, denies all such relationship.[III'-24]
Coming over to the main land we find, for the most part, in each of the many inlets and canals a separate language. Between these languages, from perpetual intertribal intercourse, it is impossible to determine, in someinstances, what relationship, if any, exists. Several of the languages of the island we find also on the main land adjacent. The Clallams are found on both sides of Juan de Fuca Straits; and nearly related to the Cowichins, who are found as well on the main land near the mouth of Fraser River as on the island, are the Noosdalums of Hood Canal, one language being but a dialect of the other.
LANGUAGES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Respecting the languages spoken in the interior of British Columbia, the Rev. Mr Good, who has spent fifteen years among the inland nations, and who is fully conversant with their languages, gives me the following information: From Yale to Lillooet, on the Fraser River, thence from Bonaparte to Nicola River, the Neetlakapamuch, or Thompson River, language is spoken. From Douglas, along the Harrison River and lake, to its confluence with the Fraser, as far as Chilicothe, and again from Lillooet northward to Clinton, the Stlatelemuck, or Lillooet, language prevails. Next, from Bonaparte River northward to William Lake, to Shushwap Lake, around Lake Kamloops, and for some distance on the Thompson River, the Suwapamuck, or Shushwap, tongue prevails; and finally, from Nicola Lake to Kamloops, and southward as far as Columbia River, the Chitwout, or Similkameen, language is used. Mr Good further asserts that, although there are four distinct languages, they are nevertheless in some degree affiliated. From the same gentleman, I also obtained the following grammatical notes and specimens of the Neetlakapamuch tongue. Personal pronouns are—I,ens; thou,awee; he,cheneelt; we,nemeemult; you,aweepeeaps; they,chinkoast.
CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO GIVE.
Mamansinserted in a word, signifies a desire to do a thing; thus,winaskinmeans to go; andwinasmamankin, I am wishing to go. The syllableweltin, affixed to a word, expresses that a thing has been done effectively;—tlokhtinnaweltin, I have fastened it well, or thoroughly.Tatais a negative preposition.
THE LORD'S PRAYER.
Takamote()nemeemult(Our)skatzazact(Father)whohakn(who art)nil(in)kakhtomew.(heaven.)Axseeas(Good)chutam(to be done)clas(the)squest(name)awee.(thine.)Eyah(Good)huntohs(make haste)stakums(all)asait cunamah(men)axclahaks(come)swonakum(truly)eah(good)tuksmite(children of)Jesu(Jesus)Cree(Christ)huntoseamal.(make haste.)Awee(Thy)kaseah(will)eah ah(good)chuwo(done)naanatomew,(on earth,)clah(as)seeatahah L'angels(the angels)archkhwamo(do)incheah(there)nilkahtomew.(heaven.)Takamose(All)nuk(and)stakum a(every)tseetlekut(day)nahkteea(give)nemeemult(us)stakums(all)as(our)skhlayans.(food.)Altla(And)quonquonstyea(forgive)nemeenult(us)takamote(all)nemeemult(our)outkest,(evil,)tseeah(as)nemeemult(we)quonquonstama(forgive)takamote(all)tooal(of)saitcunama(men)aks(who)weetsikteese(accomplish)tekest(any evil)whoa(to)nemeemult.(us.)Atahmose(Never)tah(let)hoshaman(the evil one)as masteel(lead)nemeemult(us)axkhokestumtum(to wish)a(to)quonteese(lay hold of)akest.(any evil.)Kamult(But)akklokpistyip(deliver)nemeemult(us)takamote(all)too(that)a(is)kest(evil)wilkakow.(far from us.)Shutenmeenwawee(Thine)takamose(all)atomew.(the world.)Shutenmeenwawee(Thine)takamose(all)azozoht.(strength.)Shutenmeenwawee(Thine)takamose(all)asyameet.(worship.)Taeah(Good)asklakameemus(evermore)astinansouse,(to come,)asklakameemus(evermore)astinansouse.(to come.)Axseahs.(Amen.)
PUGET SOUND DIALECTS.
Proceeding southward to Puget Sound, we have the Shimiahmoo, Nooksak, Lummi, Samish, Snohomish, and others; and around Cape Flattery, the Classet. The Makah, Classet, or Klaizzaht, I have spoken of already, in connection with the language of Vancouver Island, and it also appears that the Clallam, S'klalum, or as they call themselves, Nusklaiyum, is also connected with the Vancouver Island language.[III'-25]It is probably the same which Dr Scouler has called the Noosdalum. The Lummi, or Nukhlumi, and the Shimiahmoo have also some affinity with the Sanetch dialect of Vancouver Island, and the languages of the Skagits and Samish approach that of the Nisquallies. Yet while the Clallam and Lummi show certain affinities to the Nootka dialect, they nevertheless clearly belong to the Salish, or Flathead family.[III'-26]
SALISH DIALECTS.
We now come to the great interior Salish family, although I shall have occasion again to refer to the coast language in this vicinity. The northernmost Salish language is the Shushwap, or Atnah, which approaches near to its neighbor the Salish proper;[III'-27]then there are the Kullespelm, or Pend d'Oreille, the Spokane, theSoaiatlpi, and the Okanagan, which with others spoken on the Columbia show close affinities.
The Salish proper, or Flathead, is harsh and guttural. The lettersb,d,f,r,v, do not exist in this language. The plural of substantives is formed in different ways: first, by duplicating the root—skoi, mother;skoikoi, mothers: second by duplicating and dropping a vowel from the root—skaltmigu, man;sklkaltmigu, men;esmòck, mountain;esmòkmck, mountains: third, by duplicating a consonant in the middle of the word—skòlchemùs, eyelid;skòlchammùs, eyelids: fourth, by prefixing the syllableul—nackoèmen, thief;ulnakoèmen, thieves: and lastly there are divers formations, ases´schÃte, tree;szlzlÃl, trees, forest;s´m´èm, woman (mulier);pèlplgui, women. Diminutives are expressed by placinglbefore the root, as,s´m´èm, woman;slm´èm, small woman;lùk, wood;llùl´lk, a small piece of wood. Augmentatives are formed by prefixing the syllablekutn, orkuti, when the word commences with ansorl, thus,skagae, horse;kuti-skagae, a great horse;sm´ot, smoke;kuti-sm´ot, a great smoke. There are pronouns, personal, possessive, demonstrative, relative, interrogative, and indefinite. According to Mengarini the personal pronoun has two forms, absolute and copulative, the exact meaning attached to these terms not being explained.
As examples of the others there are possessives—mine,in; thine,an; his,s; ours,kao; yours,mp; theirs,s: demonstratives—this,iè; that,zi: interrogative—who,suèt: and indefinite—some one,chnáksi.
CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO BE ANGRY.
Following is a Lord's Prayer, the nationality not given:
Kae l'eu(Our father)u(in heaven)l's'chichmáskat(who)ku l'zii,(liveth,)asku(thy)èst(name)kuks(of thee)gamènchltm;(be loved;)ku(thou)kl(be)chèltich(Lord)s esià (of all)sp'us;(hearts;)aszntèls ks(thy will)kólli(be done)iè(this)l(on)stóligu,(earth,)ezgail(as)l's'chichmáskat.(in heaven.)Kae(Us)guizlilt(give to-day)iè tlgoa lu(what)kaesiapzÃnm.(we need.)Kaelkolgoèllilt(Us forgive)lu kae(our)gulguÃlt(debts,)ezgail(as)lu tkaempilè(we)kaes kolgoelltm,(forgive (those))lu e épl(who have)gulguÃlt(debts)l(with)kaempilè.(us.)Kae(Us)olkschÃlilt(assist)ta(not)ka keskuèstm lu(at any time receive)tèie;(evil;)u(but)kai(us)gulguillilt(preserve uninjured)lu tel(from)teié.(evil.)Komi ezgail.(Be it so.[III'-28])
The above is taken from the grammar of Mengarini, written in Latin; following is a Lord's Prayer of the Pend d'Oreilles, from Father De Smet, who wrote in French:
Kyleeyou,(Our father)Itchitchemask,(of heaven,)askwees(that your name)kowaaskshamenshem(be respected)ailetzemilkou(by all the)yeelskyloog;(earth;)ntziezie(reign)telletzia(in all)spoo(the)oez.(hearts.)Assinteels(That your will)astskole,(be done)yelstoloeg(on earth)etzageel(as also)Itchichemask.(in heaven.)Hoogwitzilt(Give us)yettilgwa(now)lokaitssia(all our)petzim.(necessaries.)Knwaasksmeemiltem(Forgive us)klotayie(the evil)kloitskeyen(which we have done,)etzageel(as)kaitsskolgwelem(we forgive)klotoiye((the evil))kloitskwen(to those who)klielskyloog.(us have offended.)Koaxalock(Accord to us)shitem(assistance)takaakskwentem(to evade)klotaiye;(evil;)kowaaksgweeltem(but deliver us)klotaiye.(from evil.)Komieetzegeel.(So be it.[III'-29])
Also belonging to this family are the languages spoken by the Skitsuish, Pisquouse, Nsietshaws, Nisquallies, and Chehalis. The Nsietshaw differs more than the others from the Salish proper, which is the stock language of this family, and particularly in not possessing any labials; the lettersmandbbeing changed tow, andptoh. Thus, in the Chehalis and Nisqually languages, we have,numan, son;tomokh, earth;pansototsi, winter; which, in the Nsietshaw, are pronounced respectively,nuwon,tawekhandhansototsi. The Chehalis is spoken in three dialects, the Chehalis proper, the Quaiantl, and the Queniauitl.[III'-30]