Absorption,40,151Absorptive power of clays,40Accumulation of clays,84Acid-proof ware,113Acids, effect of,106,151,152Adsorption,40,150Agriculture, clays in,5,56,57,59,61,62,63,67Air,43,85Alkalies in clay,38,115,133,142,143,155Alluvial deposits,68,87,112,132Alum clays and shales,57,123,124Alum manufacture, clays for,124Alumina,6Alumina, free,80,82,154Alumina-silica ratio,133,159Alumino-silicic acid,6,76,81,118,155,157Aluminous clays,82,117'Amorphous' clay,107,146Analyses of clays,16,141,144Anauxite,134Architectural ware,129,130Argillaceous earths,1Argillaceous limestone,88,132Associated rocks,48Bagshot clays and sands,64,125Ball clays,6,19,28,62,64,82,110,115,119,125,138,141,156,166Bending of clay,33Bibliography,168Binding power,28,151Binds,53Bituminous shales,57,59Black spots,14,128Black ware,113Bleaching oil,134Blue bricks,13,56Bone-ash,110Boulder clays,3,7,10,65,101Bovey Tracey clay,62Brick clays, earths and shales,1,2,5,10,11,12,13,31,37,40,46,56,57,59,61,63,65,67,68,91,100,101,104,112,117,123,125,129,138,162,166Brittleness,46Brown ware,113Buff bricks,128Burned clay,28,31,41,119,121Calcareous clays,38,61,68,88,133,139,166Calcareous sands,88Calcium, seeLime compoundsCambrian clays,51Carbon in clay,15,119,144Carbonates in clay,10,82Carboniferous clays and shales,52,124Carboniferous limestone,52,108Carclazite,78,106Cellulose in clays,27Cement clays,57,104,131Chalcopyrite,14Chalk,10,11,61,67,68,88,116,127,128,132,134,139Chamotte,121Chemical properties of clay,6China clay rock,78,106,116China clays,2,5,6,7,9,22,27,40,49,64,71,75,78,82,84,104,110,116,141,146,147,148,156,165China-ware,109,110Chinese clay,73Classification of clays,163Clay molecule,156Clay-shales,122Clay substance,135et seq.Clay substance, defined,150Clayite,83,107,147,149Clinker,132Clunches,118Coagulated clays,97Coagulation,43,152Coal Measure clays and shales,53,96,103,117,124,130Coarse pottery,112Cobalt,110Colloid theory,97Colloidal properties of clay,25,81,82,97,106,147,150,152Colloidal silica,81,134,157Colloids,24,41,43,76,160Colluvial clays,99Colours of burned ware,19,123,131Colours of clays and shales,19,59,115,119,124,126Combined water,45,154Common clays,3Composition of clays,4,6,16,23,35,44,107,117,118,133,134,144,156,164Composition of clays (burned)46Cornish stone,110,116Cracked ware,46,127,130,131'Cream,' 39,43,152Cretaceous clays,61'Crumb' of clay,24Crushing clay,45'Crystalline' clay,107,146,148Crystals in clay-ware,46Decantation,139Decomposition of clay,154Definitions of clay,2-5,120,135,149,150De-greasing wool,134Deposition of clays,49,51,90,99Devonian clays,51Diluvial clays,99Dinas rock,54Disintegration,102Distribution of clays,1Drain-pipe clays,112,113Drift,65,101Drift clays,101Drying clays,27,127,153Durability,131Dyes,41,150Earth movements,85,96Earthenware,37,112Earths for bricks, seeBrick claysElectrolytes,43Elutriation,8,137,140Eocene clays,63Epigenic clays,82Erosion,89,99,100Estuarine clays,90,93,118Etruria marls,55,130Expansion,32Exposure,43Faience,129Farewell Rock,54Fat clays,29Felspar,7,8,41,74,104,110,116,141,144,159Ferric and Ferrous compounds,12,121,seeIronFine clays,112Fineness, seeTextureFirebricks,14,54,61,116Fireclay,33,35,52,54,82,104,108,116,123,156,166Fissile clays,117Flint,110,116Flint clays,117Floods,85,87,99Flower-pot clays,57,110Fluoric vapours,75,77,165Fluviatile clays,88,92Fluxes,8,11,38,39,115,116,131Food-clays,1Formation of clays,48,70Formula of clay,156Free alumina,80,154Free silica,7,80,154,161Frost,43,86Fuller's earth,59,133Fulling cloth,1,133Fusibility,32,58,113,116Fusible clays,116Fusing point,32Fusion,47,113,120,132,155Ganister,52,54,118Gault,61,132Geological classification,163Geological nature of clay,4,50Glacial clays,65,100,162Glaciers,85,89,100Glass,116Glassy structure,47Glazed bricks,119Glazed pottery,129Glazed terra-cotta,56,129Grades of fireclay,120Gravel,7,62,65,89,100,101,102,138,144Green colour,14Greensand,133Grinding,80,121Grit,112,see alsoMillstone GritGrog,28,31,41,119,121Growan,78Gypsum,10,12,62Halloysite,118,158Hardness,45Heat, effects of,28,37,39,45,80,122,146,153,154,158,159Hydrargillite,80Hydro-alumino-silicates,6Hydrocarbons in clay,15Hydrolysis,78,97Hygroscopic clays,153Hypogenic clays,165Ice-action,85,100Ideal clay,146Impermeability,40,113Impervious articles,113,155Impurities in clays,7,49,82,102,104,109,121,126,142,143,155,162,163Ions,43Indurated clays,18Infusibility,106,119,seeRefractorinessIron compounds,7,10,12,13,20,62,112,119,121,128,133,141,145,164Ironstone,62Irregularity in shape,131Jurassic clays and shales,57,124Kao-ling,148Kaolinite,19,80,105,107,146,149,158Kaolinization,76,77,79Kaolins,9,21,49,64,71,73,76,79,82,84,104,116,141,146,147,148,165Keele series,55Kellaways clay,59,61Keuper marls,57Kiln shrinkage,30Kimeridge clays,59Knotts,124Lacustrine clays,90,91Lake-deposited clays,85,88,91Lakes,85,88Laminated clays,53,117,122Laterite,80,149Lateritic action,80,165Lateritic clays,82Lean clays,29
Absorption,40,151Absorptive power of clays,40Accumulation of clays,84Acid-proof ware,113Acids, effect of,106,151,152Adsorption,40,150Agriculture, clays in,5,56,57,59,61,62,63,67Air,43,85Alkalies in clay,38,115,133,142,143,155Alluvial deposits,68,87,112,132Alum clays and shales,57,123,124Alum manufacture, clays for,124Alumina,6Alumina, free,80,82,154Alumina-silica ratio,133,159Alumino-silicic acid,6,76,81,118,155,157Aluminous clays,82,117'Amorphous' clay,107,146Analyses of clays,16,141,144Anauxite,134Architectural ware,129,130Argillaceous earths,1Argillaceous limestone,88,132Associated rocks,48Bagshot clays and sands,64,125Ball clays,6,19,28,62,64,82,110,115,119,125,138,141,156,166Bending of clay,33Bibliography,168Binding power,28,151Binds,53Bituminous shales,57,59Black spots,14,128Black ware,113Bleaching oil,134Blue bricks,13,56Bone-ash,110Boulder clays,3,7,10,65,101Bovey Tracey clay,62Brick clays, earths and shales,1,2,5,10,11,12,13,31,37,40,46,56,57,59,61,63,65,67,68,91,100,101,104,112,117,123,125,129,138,162,166Brittleness,46Brown ware,113Buff bricks,128Burned clay,28,31,41,119,121Calcareous clays,38,61,68,88,133,139,166Calcareous sands,88Calcium, seeLime compoundsCambrian clays,51Carbon in clay,15,119,144Carbonates in clay,10,82Carboniferous clays and shales,52,124Carboniferous limestone,52,108Carclazite,78,106Cellulose in clays,27Cement clays,57,104,131Chalcopyrite,14Chalk,10,11,61,67,68,88,116,127,128,132,134,139Chamotte,121Chemical properties of clay,6China clay rock,78,106,116China clays,2,5,6,7,9,22,27,40,49,64,71,75,78,82,84,104,110,116,141,146,147,148,156,165China-ware,109,110Chinese clay,73Classification of clays,163Clay molecule,156Clay-shales,122Clay substance,135et seq.Clay substance, defined,150Clayite,83,107,147,149Clinker,132Clunches,118Coagulated clays,97Coagulation,43,152Coal Measure clays and shales,53,96,103,117,124,130Coarse pottery,112Cobalt,110Colloid theory,97Colloidal properties of clay,25,81,82,97,106,147,150,152Colloidal silica,81,134,157Colloids,24,41,43,76,160Colluvial clays,99Colours of burned ware,19,123,131Colours of clays and shales,19,59,115,119,124,126Combined water,45,154Common clays,3Composition of clays,4,6,16,23,35,44,107,117,118,133,134,144,156,164Composition of clays (burned)46Cornish stone,110,116Cracked ware,46,127,130,131'Cream,' 39,43,152Cretaceous clays,61'Crumb' of clay,24Crushing clay,45'Crystalline' clay,107,146,148Crystals in clay-ware,46Decantation,139Decomposition of clay,154Definitions of clay,2-5,120,135,149,150De-greasing wool,134Deposition of clays,49,51,90,99Devonian clays,51Diluvial clays,99Dinas rock,54Disintegration,102Distribution of clays,1Drain-pipe clays,112,113Drift,65,101Drift clays,101Drying clays,27,127,153Durability,131Dyes,41,150Earth movements,85,96Earthenware,37,112Earths for bricks, seeBrick claysElectrolytes,43Elutriation,8,137,140Eocene clays,63Epigenic clays,82Erosion,89,99,100Estuarine clays,90,93,118Etruria marls,55,130Expansion,32Exposure,43Faience,129Farewell Rock,54Fat clays,29Felspar,7,8,41,74,104,110,116,141,144,159Ferric and Ferrous compounds,12,121,seeIronFine clays,112Fineness, seeTextureFirebricks,14,54,61,116Fireclay,33,35,52,54,82,104,108,116,123,156,166Fissile clays,117Flint,110,116Flint clays,117Floods,85,87,99Flower-pot clays,57,110Fluoric vapours,75,77,165Fluviatile clays,88,92Fluxes,8,11,38,39,115,116,131Food-clays,1Formation of clays,48,70Formula of clay,156Free alumina,80,154Free silica,7,80,154,161Frost,43,86Fuller's earth,59,133Fulling cloth,1,133Fusibility,32,58,113,116Fusible clays,116Fusing point,32Fusion,47,113,120,132,155Ganister,52,54,118Gault,61,132Geological classification,163Geological nature of clay,4,50Glacial clays,65,100,162Glaciers,85,89,100Glass,116Glassy structure,47Glazed bricks,119Glazed pottery,129Glazed terra-cotta,56,129Grades of fireclay,120Gravel,7,62,65,89,100,101,102,138,144Green colour,14Greensand,133Grinding,80,121Grit,112,see alsoMillstone GritGrog,28,31,41,119,121Growan,78Gypsum,10,12,62Halloysite,118,158Hardness,45Heat, effects of,28,37,39,45,80,122,146,153,154,158,159Hydrargillite,80Hydro-alumino-silicates,6Hydrocarbons in clay,15Hydrolysis,78,97Hygroscopic clays,153Hypogenic clays,165Ice-action,85,100Ideal clay,146Impermeability,40,113Impervious articles,113,155Impurities in clays,7,49,82,102,104,109,121,126,142,143,155,162,163Ions,43Indurated clays,18Infusibility,106,119,seeRefractorinessIron compounds,7,10,12,13,20,62,112,119,121,128,133,141,145,164Ironstone,62Irregularity in shape,131Jurassic clays and shales,57,124Kao-ling,148Kaolinite,19,80,105,107,146,149,158Kaolinization,76,77,79Kaolins,9,21,49,64,71,73,76,79,82,84,104,116,141,146,147,148,165Keele series,55Kellaways clay,59,61Keuper marls,57Kiln shrinkage,30Kimeridge clays,59Knotts,124Lacustrine clays,90,91Lake-deposited clays,85,88,91Lakes,85,88Laminated clays,53,117,122Laterite,80,149Lateritic action,80,165Lateritic clays,82Lean clays,29